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"The Introduction to Postgraduate Education Discipline and its degree Basic Requirements (Trial Version)" which issued at the beginning of 2024 have added Chinese creative writing as a second-level discipline under the first-level discipline of Chinese Language and Literature. It marks the stage achievements of the localization construction of Chinese creative writing after 15 years. The main goal of Chinese creative writing is to cultivate students' Chinese writing ability, with specific goals in three aspects: low-level, high-level and academic. To achieve these goals, the "four combinations" should be realized, namely the combination of Chinese professional education nourishment and general education cultivation, the combination of creativity stimulation, cultivation and expansion and creative thinking training, the combination of separate specialized teaching and high-intensity writing training, and the combination of in-class teaching and extensive social practice of writing. In order to promote the new development of Chinese creative writing in the new era and new stage, it is necessary to build quality teaching resources for the cultivation of Chinese creative writing talents, establish the admission conditions, training system and degree standards that meet the requirements of master and doctoral level, accelerate the breakthrough of professional degree education on the basis of academic talent training, and return to and realize the original intention of literary education and literary life with the help of creative writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Silk fibroin and chitosan are commonly used as scaffolds in tissue engineering, but there are some shortcomings in their separate application. When they are mixed, they can be modified each other. They give full play to each other's advantages and become ideal composite scaffolds. OBJECTIVE: To prepare Silk fibroin/chitosan composite scaffold and determineits properties. METHODS: The silk fibroin/chitosan composite scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying method. The morphology and structure of the composite scaffolds were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The properties of the composite scaffolds were tested by thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical properties test, and cytotoxicity test. The quaternion chitosan was prepared. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum was detected by nuclear magnetic resonance instrument. The potential and particle size distribution were detected by Zeta potentiometer. The protection of DNA was detected by gel eledrophoresis. The binding with DNA was observed by transmission electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the silk fibroin/chitosan composite scaffolds had a good three-dimensional pore structure, with a pore size of 50-100 urn. (2) The results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that when the temperature was less than 200 °C, the mass loss rate of silk fibroin/chitosan composite scaffold was lower. When the temperature increased to 200-500 °C, the mass loss rate of the scaffold began to accelerate, and the loss amount increased. At 800 °C, the residual mass of the composite scaffold was 38%. (3) The maximum strain of silk fibroin/chitosan composite scaffold reached 94.94%, and the maximum stress was 7.01 MPa. (4) The results of CCK-8 experiment showed that silk fibroin/chitosan composite scaffolds had no cytotoxicity to rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and had good cell compatibility. (5) The results of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed that the quaternion degree of quaternary ammonium chitosan was about 20%. (6) The particle size distribution of quatemized chitosan was (588.56±52.39) nm, and the surface of quatemized chitosan was positively charged with a potential of (16.3±3.92) mV, which was beneficial to the combination with DNA. (7) The results of gel electrophoresis experiments showed that the higher the proportion of quaternion chitosan, the better the encapsulation of DNA. When the ratio of chitosan/DNA was 1 : 3, the encapsulation effect was achieved. (8) The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that most of the particles of quatemized chitosan/DNA were solid and round; the particle size difference was small; and the average particle size was about 200 nm. (9) The results showed that silk fibroin/chitosan composite scaffolds had a good biocompatibility and cell permeability, which was conducive to the growth of cells between scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea is the most popular beverage in the world. China is the origin of tea and the cradle of tea culture. Since the Tang Dynasty, tea disseminates outside China widely and is accepted by the neighboring countries gradually. There exist western course, southern course and eastern course when the tea and tea culture spreads abroad. The eastern course to Korean Peninsula and Japan sprends most extensively and thoroughly. This article analyzes and summarizes the historical vein of tea and tea culture's dissemination abroad, drawing the conclusion that the outspread in this period with focuses on communication and exchange of cultural, spiritual and aesthetic feelings, flowing from cultural highlands to cultural depressions and the monks playing an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]