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Botanophila Lioy, 1864 Botanophila Lioy, 1864: 990. Type species: Anthomyia varicolor Meigen, 1826, by monotypy. Collinomyia Ringdahl, 1929: 269. Type species: Aricia gemmata Zetterstedt, 1860, by monotypy. Pegohylemyia Schnabl, 1911: 98. Type species: Musca cinerea Fall��n, 1824 (= Egeria silvatica Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), by monotypy. Synonymized by Michelsen (1983). Euryparia Ringdahl, 1929: 269. Type species: Anthomyia varicolor Meigen, 1826), by monotypy. Preoccupied by Becker, 1911 (Chloropidae). Monochrotogaster Ringdahl, 1932: 19. Type species: Monochrotogaster unicolor Ringdahl, 1932, by monotypy. Pseudomyopina Ringdahl, 1933: 31. Type species: Aricia moriens Zetterstedt, 1845, by monotypy. Diagnosis. Botanophila resembles Delia in general habitus. But Botanophila aedeagus with distal section largely membranous, without sclerotized acrophallus. Pregonite relatively low and small (not prominent), covered with setae of varied sizes and fused anteriorly with central plate of hypandrium. In Delia, the aedeagus is strongly sclerotized and the pregonite is well developed and bigger than the postgonite. Biology. Larvae are mainly phytophagous. The larvae of B. dissecta (Meigen), B. humeralis (Hennig), B. latifrons (Zetterstedt), B. lobata (Collin), and B. phrenione (S��guy) live on Epichloe fungus on species of Graminaceae. The larvae of B. fugax (Meigen) and B. humeralis feed on monocotyledons. Larvae of some other species feed on dicotyledons. The larvae of B. gnava (Meigen) and B. sonchi (Hardy) live on flower heads of Sonchus spp. The larvae of B. jacobaee (Hardy) and B. seneciella (Meade) live on flower heads of Senecio (and have been used in Australia for the biological control of introduced weeds) (Hennig 1970). The larvae of B. spinosa (Rondani) and B. turcica (Hennig) from southern France feed on Carthamus and Onopordum acanthium Linnaeus, respectively (Vitou et al. 2001). Flower visitations of adults are just as little known. Adults of B. latifrons can be found on Anthriscus silvester (Linnaeus) in Finland; B. maculipes (Zetterstedt) can be found on Solidago virgaurea (Linnaeus) in Sm��land, Sweden; B. sonchi has been reared from Sonchus oleraceus L. in Europe; B. profuga (Stein) can be collected on the flowers of Archanlica and Geranium in Iceland; and B. sanctimarci (Czerny) often can be seen around the flowers of Allium ursinum (Linnaeus) in Austria (Hennig 1970). As some of these thistle hosts are significant weeds outside their native range (particularly in Australia), these anthomyiid flies have potential as biological control agents. The natural predators and parasitoids of Botanophila are mainly Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Diapriidae, Pteromalidae, Vespidae, and Staphylinidae (Fan 1988 a). Distribution. Cosmopolitan., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Lioy, P. (1864) I ditteri distribuiti secundo un nuovo metodo di classificazione naturale [part]. Atti del Reale Instituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, (3) 9, 989 - 1027.","Meigen, J. W. (1826) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Volume 5. Schulz, Hamm, pp. 167 - 176.","Ringdahl, O. (1929) Uebersicht der in Schweden gefundenen Hylemyia - arten mit posteroventraler Apikalborste an den Hinterschienen. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 50, 268 - 273.","Zetterstedt, J. W. (1860) Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Volume 14. Tomus decimus qvartus seu ultimus, continens addenda, corrigenda & emendanda tomis prioribus, una cum indice alphabetico novarum specierum hujus & praecedentis tomi, atque generico omnium tomorum. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund], pp. 6191 - 6609.","Fallen, C. F. (1824) Monographia Muscidum Sveciae. Part VII. Lundae, pp. 70 - 71.","Robineau-Desvoidy, J. B. (1830) Essai sur les Myodaires. Memoires presentes par divers Savans a l'Academie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France. Science Mathematiques et Physiques, Ser. 2, 2, 1 - 813.","Michelsen V. (1983) A new species of Botanophila Lioy from Denmark (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Entomologica scandinavica, 14, 293 - 296.","Becker, T. (1911) Chloropidae. Eine monographische Studie. III. Teil. Die Indo-australische Region. Annales Historico- Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 9, 35 - 170.","Ringdahl, O. (1932) Vier neue Anthomyiden. Notulae Entomologicae, 12, 19 - 20.","Ringdahl, O. (1933) Oversikt av I Sverige funna Hylemyia - arter. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 54, 1 - 35.","Zetterstedt, J. W. (1845) Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Volume 4. Tomus quartus. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund], pp. 1281 - 1738.","Hennig, W. (1970) Anthomyiidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region 63 a. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 329 - 424.","Vitou, J., Briese, D. T., Sheppard, A. W. & Thomann, T. (2001) Comparative biology of two rosette crown-feeding flies of the genus Botanophila (Dipt., Anthomyiidae) with potential for biological control of their thistle hosts. Journal of Applied Entomology, 125, 89 - 95.","Fan, Z. D. (1988 a) Economic insect fauna of China. [In Chinese.] Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 228 - 230, 233 - 264."]}

12. depressa -group (Fig. 17) Diagnosis. Cercal plate large and extended distally, with two short submedian processes on distal margin; no trace of a median process (B. montivaga and B. petrophila have in addition two further lateral processes). Surstylus rather short and wide. Processes of sternite 5 short and rounded, inner margins clothed with dense setulae and hairs, often with 2-3 stronger apical setae. Species included in this group from China are B. acudepressa (Fan & Ma in Fan et al., 1984 a), B. angulisurstyla Xue & Zhang, 1996, B. depressa (Stein, 1907), B. montivaga (Hennig, 1970), and B. submontivaga Xue & Zhang, 1996., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Xue, W. Q. & Zhang, X. Z. (1996) Anthomyiidae. In: Wu, S. G. & Feng, Z. J. (Eds.), The Biology and Human Physiology in the Hoh Xil Region. [In Chinese.] Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 167 - 172, 186 - 187.","Stein, P. (1907) Zur Kenntnis der Dipteren von Central-Asien. II. Cyclorrhapha schizophora schizometopa. Die von Roborowsky und Kozlov in der Mongolei und Tibet gesammelten Anthomyiiden. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg 12, 318 - 372.","Hennig, W. (1970) Anthomyiidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region 63 a. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 329 - 424."]}

15. biciliaris -group (Fig. 20) Diagnosis. Cercal plate small, oval, with a more or less produced distal margin which is narrowly rounded, lateral setae short and sparse. Surstylus long, slender, bearing traces of a minute tooth subapically on inner margin (except B. kenji); in lateral view surstylus tending to have a slightly concave hind margin. Epiphallus curving backwards over basiphallus. No species have been found in China., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451

Key to the Palaearctic species groups of Botanophila (males). 1. Cercal plate extended in distal part into a long, undivided and narrow process, often reaching or even surpassing apices of surstyli, and without any submedian or lateral processes (Figs. 6–9).............................. .......................................................................................... latifrons, varicolor, askoldica and salicis -groups..................................................................................................................(also B. cuspidata and B. nupera) – Cercal plate not as above, distal margin either narrowly split (partite), or divided into two diverging processes, or with two or three short processes, or short and cordiform.......................................................... 2 2. Cercal plate long and narrowly separated in distal part, forming two closely approximated halves of a more or less pointed cercal plate; no subcercal structure present (Fig. 10) .................... brunneilinea -group – Cercal plate not split in distal part into two closely approximated halves, or if so then a subcercal structure present, either hidden behind cercal plate or distinctly visible and bearing a median rod-like process...... 3 3. Cercal plate with a subcercal structure bearing a short or long rod-like median process (Figs. 11–14)........................................................................................... gnava, cordifrons, bompadrei and maculipes -groups – Cercal plate without subcercal structure...................................................................................................... 4 4. Cercal plate with 2 long submedian distal processes which reach almost to level of apices of surstyli, and are generally diverging; sternite 5 with separated tufts of setae (Fig. 15) ........................... seneciella -group – Cercal plate without two long diverging processes on distal margin.......................................................... 5 5. Pregonite with two expanded (foliate) setae; cercal plate large in relation to surstyli, which have truncate distal margins in lateral view (Figs. 16, 16 a)........................................................................ helviana -group – Pregonite with normal slender setae, or at most with slightly wide setae, cercal plate otherwise.............. 6 6. Cercal plate longer than width, with a bifurcate distal margin produced into two short blunt processes (further lateral marginal processes may be present) (Fig. 17) .................................................... depressa -group – Cercal plate either simple (cordifrom) or not longer than width, or with three processes on distal margin 7 7. Cercal plate with three processes on distal margin (Fig. 18)..................................................... fugax -group – Cercal plate with two processes on distal margin, or none.......................................................................... 8 8. Cercal plate with two processes on distal margin (lateral or submedian) (Fig. 22)............... dissecta -group – Cercal plate without processes on distal margin.......................................................................................... 9 9. Surstyli slightly or strongly concave on posterior margin in lateral view, and with a small subapical tooth on inner margin (Fig. 20) (except B. kenji).......................................................................... biciliaris -group – Surstyli in lateral view not concave on posterior margin.......................................................................... 10 10. Surstyli bifurcate apically (Fig. 21) .............................................................................................. okai -group – Surstyli simple (except B. cylindrica which has a median tooth on inner margin) (Fig. 19) striolata -group

10. seneciella -group (Fig. 15) Diagnosis. Cercal plate extended distally almost to level of apices of surstyli and divided into two slender submedian processes, these processes often nearly as long as length of proximal part of cercal plate. Sternite 5 with a tuft of setae on processes, either in distal quarter (B. cylindrophalla, B. quinlani), or two pairs of tufts (B. emeisencio), or with tufts on inner margin of processes (B. karibae, B. seneciella). Surstylus long and slen- der, either forked or simple apically. Species included in this group from China include B. adentata (Deng, 1983), B. cylindrophalla (Deng, 1983), B. emeisencio (Deng, 1983), B. qinghaisenecio (Fan in Fan et al., 1984 a), and B. quinlani (Ackland, 1967)., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Deng, A. X. (1983) Notes on Anthomyiidae from mountain Emei, China II. Description of 2 new species and 1 new subspecies of the Pegohylemyia seneciella group. [In Chinese.] Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition), 14, 131 - 135.","Ackland, M. D. (1967) Diptera from Nepal, Anthomyiidae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 20, 107 - 139."]}

7. Botanophila nigribella (Deng, Geng, Liu & Li, 1995) (Figs. 50���54) Pegohylemyia nigribella Deng, Geng, Liu & Li, 1995: 58 ���60. Redescription. Male. Body length 8.0���9.0mm. Head. Eye bare; frons about 2.0��� 2.. 5 times the width of anterior ocellus, frontal vitta black and about 3.0 times the width of fronto-orbital plate, interfrontal setae strong, without proclinate orbital seta, about 8 pairs of frontal setae on lower half of frons; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial black, covered with grey pruinosity, parafacial about 1.5 times the width of antennal postpedicel, antennal black, antennal postpedicel about 2.0 times as long as broad, arista pubescent, the longest hairs as long as basal diameter of arista, facial carina not distinct, vibrissal angle situated behind frontal angle in profile, epistoma not prominent, 1 row of upcurved subvibrissal setulae, genal height about 2 / 7 the eye height, genal hairs black, median occipital sclerite bare, postocular setae extending to ventral surface; palpus black and slender, a little shorter than prementum, prementum covered with pale grey pruinosity and 4.0��� 4.5 times as long as broad. Thorax. Ground colour black, scutum covered with caesious pruinosity and with 3 dark black vittae which not continuing to scutoscutellar suture, pre-acr trichoid in 2 rows, post-acr row also hair-like, just 1 pair of distinct setae before scutellum, dc 2 + 3, without outer posthumeral seta, ia 0+ 2, pra strong and about 2.0 times length of posterior notopleural seta, scutellum without spot and also black, apical part of scutellum with mostly pale hairs on undersurface, anterior anepisternal seta 0, basisternum of prosternum, median cavate of proepisternum, notopleuron, anepimeron, katepimeron and meron bare, anterior and posterior spiracles small and dark brown, katepisternal setae 1 +(2���3). Wing. Base brown, basicosta dark brown, costal vein setulose costal vein setulose only basally on ventral surface, costal spine short, basal node of vein R 4 + 5 bare, calypters brown, margin of which dark brown, lower calypter about 1 / 3 length of upper one, haltere yellow. Legs. Entirely black, fore tibia with 1 apical d, 1 medial pv; mid tibia with 2 ad, 2 pd, 2 pv,; hind femur with complete av row, with a row of pv on basal 2 / 3 part, hind tibia with 3���5 av, 3���4 ad, 3���4 pd, 5���6 pv, without apical pv; all tarsi longer than tibiae; claws and pulvilli large and long. Abdomen. Black and long-ovate, covered with bluish grey pruinosity, with broad inverse trapeziform spots medially on tergite 2 to tergite 5, tergite 6 bare; sternite 1 with hairs, sternite 5 extended. Female. Unknown. Material examined. CHINA: 7 ��, Mt. Jiajin, 4000���4100m, 102 �� 85 'E, 30 �� 38 'N, Sichuan Province, 4.viii. 2005 (Ming-fu Wang) (SYNU). Remarks. The orginal description of this species is not clarity and exact (e.g., frons width, arista and the longest hairs of it, wing etc.). Therefore, it is needed to be redescriptied. By compared terminalia and habitus with original figures and description of the species, it is sure that the specimens are Botanophila nigribella (Deng, Geng, Liu & Li, 1995). Geographic distribution. China., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on pages 33-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Deng, A. X., Geng, L., Liu, Y. & Li, L. (1995) Reports on two species of Pegohylemyia tibetana group in Xiling snow mountain of Dayi county, Sichuan, China (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). [In Chinese.] Journal of West China University of Medical Sciences, 26, 58 - 60."]}

2. Botanophila platysurstyla Xue & Song, sp. nov. (Figs. 27���35) Description. Male. Body length 6.8���7.2mm. Head. Eye bare; frons about 1.5 ���2.0 times the width of anterior ocellus, frontal vitta velvet black and as wide as fronto-orbital plate, interfrontal seta distinct, sometimes 2 pairs, without proclinate orbital setae, outer vertical setae fine, about 6 pairs of frontal setae on lower half of frons; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial black, covered with grey pruinosity, parafacial as wide as or wider than antennal postpedicel, antenna black, antennal postpedicel about 2.5 times as long as broad, arista ciliated, the longest hairs twice the width of basal diameter of arista, facial carina low, vibrissal angle situated behind frontal angle in profile, epistoma not prominent; 1 row of upcurved subvibrissal setulae, gena covered with grey pruinosity, genal height twice the width of parafacial, genal hairs black, median occipital sclerite bare, paracephalon with hairs; postocular setae extending to ventral surface, palpus a little shorter than prementum, prementum long and polished, 4.0 times as long as broad. Thorax. Ground colour black and covered with grey pruinosity, scutum with 3 black vittae, and the median vitta nearly reaching scutoscutellar suture. Pre -acr trichoid in 2 rows, post -acr row also trichoid, only 1 pair of distinct setae before scutellum, dc 2 + 3, without outer posthumeral seta, ia 0+ 2, pra about 1.5 times length of posterior notopleural seta, often without anterior anepisternal seta, scutellum black and without spot, apical part of scutellum with mostly pale hairs on undersurface, notopleuron, basisternum of prosternum, median cavate of proepisternum, anepimeron, katepimeron and meron bare, anterior and posterior spiracles small and fuscous, katepisternal setae 1 + 2. Wing. Base brown, veins fuscous, basicosta light brown, costal vein setulose only basally on ventral surface, costal spine short, basal node of vein R 4 + 5 bare. Calypters light brown, the edge of calypters covered with long brown hairs, lower calypter about 3 / 5 the length of upper calypter, haltere yellow. Legs. Proximal 3 / 5 of fore femur, proximal 3 / 4 of mid and hind femur, and distal 3 / 4 of all tibiae yellow. The rest of the legs black, only proximal 1 / 2 of fore femur brown. Fore tibia with 1 submedial ad, 1 medial pv; mid femur with 3���4 pv on proximal half, mid tibia with 1 ad, 2 pd, 2 pv; hind femur with complete rows of sparse and long av and pv, hind tibia with 3���4 av, 4 ad, 3���4 pd, 3���4 median p, without apical pv. All tarsi longer than tibiae, claws short, pulvilli long. Abdomen. Ground colour black, long-ovate and a little flat, with broad T-shaped spots medially on tergites 2���5, laterally covered with white pruinosity; marginal setae and lateral seta strong, tergite 6 bare, sternite 1 with hairs, sternite 5 swollen, inner part of lateral lobe of sternite 5 with 4���5 spiniform setae and its outer margin with long setal rows; apical process of cercal plate a little short and about 1 / 4 of the length of cercal plate, pregonite with 2 long setae, sclerotized plate in distiphallus of aedeagus rather small. Female. Head. Frons about 1 / 3 width of head, frontal vitta dark red and about 2.5 times as wide as frontoorbital plate, 1 pair of proclinate orbital setae, 2 pairs of upper orbital setae, about 3 pairs of frontal setae, 1 pair of interfrontal setae, outer vertical setae distinct; lower half of fronto-orbital plate and parafacial covered with brownish yellow pruinosity, height of gena about 1.5 times the width of parafacial. Legs. Fore tibia with 2 ad and 2 pd on distal half; mid femur with 2 pv on proximal half, mid tibia often with 1 av, 1���2 ad; hind femur with 2���3 pv on basal half. Abdomen. Long-oviform, spermatheca oviform, other characters as in the male. Type material. Holotype, ��, CHINA: Changpingguo, 3500���3600m, 102 ��00'��� 102 �� 58 'E, 31 ��06'��� 31 �� 43 'N, Rilong, Sichuan Province, 5.viii. 2005, (Jia-yu Liu) (SYNU). Paratypes, CHINA: 22 ��, same data as holotype, (Ming-fu Wang) (SYNU); 7 ��, 1 ��, same data as holotype, (Liang Chang) (SYNU); 1 ��, same data as holotype, (Hu Ao) (SYNU); 1 ��, same data as holotype, (Jiayu Liu) (SYNU); 2 ��, Rilong, 3300m, 102 ��00'��� 102 �� 58 'E, 31 ��06'��� 31 �� 43 'N, Sichuan Province, 6.viii. 2005, (Ming-fu Wang) (SYNU); 4 ��, Rilong, 3300m, 102 ��00'��� 102 �� 58 'E, 31 ��06'��� 31 �� 43 'N, Sichuan Province, 6.viii. 2005, (Hu Ao) (SYNU); 8 ��, 1 ��, Mt. Xiling, Dayi, 2200m, 102 �� 54 '��� 103 �� 17 'E, 30 �� 35 '��� 30 �� 49 'N, Sichuan Province, 12.viii. 2005, (Ming-fu Wang) (SYNU). Remarks. The new species resembles B. flavibellula (Deng, 1995), but differs from it by the male genal height being twice the width of parafacial, epistoma not prominent, 1 row of upcurved subvibrissal setulae; pra about 1.5 times length of posterior notopleural seta, katepisternal setae 1 + 2; distal 2 / 5 of fore femur, distal 1 / 4 of mid and hind femur, and proximal 1 / 4 of all tibiae black, only proximal half of fore femur brown; male proximal part of cercal plate broad, apical process broad and short, ramus of surstyli long in posterior view and straight in lateral view, anterior margin of surstyli protruding anteriorly. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Greek word platys, meaning broad and surstyla, meaning surstyli, referring to this species��� broad male surstyli. Geographic distribution. China., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on pages 26-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451

6. gnava -group (Fig. 11) Diagnosis. Cercal plate on distal margin with two submedian processes and a short median process which arises from a weakly formed subcercal structure. These processes require further study; the median process is absent in B. jacobaeae, which however clearly belongs to this group. Surstylus with an extended and rounded lobe on the proximal posterior margin in lateral view. Species included in this group from China are B. aculeifurca (Zhong, 1985), B. chui Suwa, 1996, B. gnava (Meigen, 1826), B. gnavoides (Hennig, 1970), B. nigrodorsata Suwa, 1986, B. sonchi (Hardy, 1872), B. suwai (Wei, 1992), B. tridentifera Suwa, 1986, and B. trifida Suwa, 1986., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Zhong, Y. H. (1985) Notes on Calypterate flies from Xizang district, China. III. Descriptions of 7 new species belonging to Anthomyiidae. [In Chinese.] Zoological Research, 6, 329 - 336.","Suwa, M. (1996) Some species of the genus Botanophila from Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Oriental Insects, 30, 137 - 153.","Meigen, J. W. (1826) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Volume 5. Schulz, Hamm, pp. 167 - 176.","Hennig, W. (1970) Anthomyiidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region 63 a. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 329 - 424.","Suwa, M. (1986) Supplementary notes on the family Anthomyiidae of Japan (Diptera). IV. Insecta Matsumurana, 34, 35 - 52.","Hardy, J. (1872) Memoirs on Scottish Diptera. No. II. The Scottish Naturalist, 1, 209.","Wei, L. M. (1992) A new species of Pegohylemyia from Guizhou, China (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 35, 490 - 492."]}

4. Botanophila melametopa (Fan in Fan & Zheng, 1993) (Figs. 40���45) Pegohylemyia melametopa Fan in Fan & Zheng, 1993: 1143 ���1144. Pegohylemyia nigrifrontata Fan & Zheng, 1993: 1144 ���1145. Syn. nov. Redescription. Male. Body length 6.0���8.0mm. Head. Eye bare, or sometimes scattered with short cilia; frons about 1.5���2.5 times the width of anterior ocellus, frontal vitta velvet black and about 1.0���2.0 times the width of fronto-orbital plate, interfrontal seta strong, without proclinate orbital seta, outer vertical fine, about 8���10 pairs of frontal setae on lower 3 / 5 of frons; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial charcoal black, parafacial about 1.8���2.4 times the width of antennal postpedicel, antenna black, antennal postpedicel about twice as long as broad, arista short pubescent, the longest hairs shorter than basal diameter of arista, facial carina not distinct, vibrissal angle situated behind frontal angle in profile, epistoma not prominent, 1���2 rows of upcurved subvibrissal setulae, gena covered with grey pruinosity, genal height equal to or wider than the width of parafacial, genal hairs black, median occipital sclerite and epicephalon bare, paracephalon with hairs, postocular setae extending to ventral surface; proboscis slender, palpus black and a little shorter than prementum, prementum covered with distinct grey pruinosity and 4.0���8.0 times as long as broad. Thorax: Ground colour black, scutum dark black, only postpronotal lobes and adjacent areas covered with light pruinosity, scutum sometimes with 5 black vittae covered with coppery grey pruinosity, pre-acr trichoid in 2 rows, post-acr row also trichoid, only 1���2 pairs of distinct setae before scutellum, dc 2 + 3, without outer posthumeral seta, ia 0+ 2, pra about 1.4 times length of posterior notopleural seta, scutellum without spot and also charry black, apical part of scutellum with mostly pale hairs on undersurface, anterior anepisternal seta 1, notopleuron, basisternum of prosternum, median cavate of proepisternum, anepimeron, katepimeron and meron bare, anterior and posterior spiracles small and dark black, katepisternal setae 1 +(2 + 3). Wing. Base blackish brown, veins blackish brown, basicosta black, costal vein setulose only basally on ventral surface, costal spine absent or short, basal node of vein R 4 + 5 bare, calypteres light brown, the edge of calypteres brown and covered with brownish yellow hairs, lower calypter short and just 2 / 5 the length of upper one, haltere brownish yellow. Legs. Black, fore tibia with 1���2 pv in medially; mid femur without distinct av rows, with sparse and long pv rows which become short distally, 2 pre-apical pd, mid tibia without av, 1 ad, 2 pd, 1���3 pv; hind femur with complete av and pv rows, hind tibia with 4���5 av, 4���5 ad, 4���5 pd, 3���5 pv, without apical pv; tarsus a little longer than tibia, claws and pulvilli large. Abdomen. Black and long-ovate, covered with grey pruinosity, broad T-shaped spots medially on tergites 2���5, tergite 6 bare, rarely with 1 or more setae; sternite 1 with hairs, sternite 5 bulging, apical part of lateral lobe of sternite 5 approaching apical part of abdomen in lateral view; aedeagal apodeme slender, postgonite large, distiphallus of aedeagus with a sclerotized plate, in one specimen this sclerotized plate not distinct. Female. Unknown. Material examined. CHINA: 5 ��, Mt. Balang, 102 ��00'��� 102 �� 58 'E, 31 ��06'��� 31 �� 43 'N, 4300���4600m, Sichuan Province, 3.viii. 2005 (Liang Chang) (SYNU); 87 ��, Mt. Jiajin, 4000���4100m, 102 �� 85 'E, 30 �� 38 'N, Sichuan Province, 4.viii. 2005 (Ming-fu Wang) (SYNU); 17 ��, same data as above, (Jia-yu Liu) (SYNU); 53 ��, same data as above, (Hu Ao) (SYNU); same data as above, (Liang Chang) (SYNU); 4 ��, Mt. Balang, 4600m, 102 ��00'��� 102 �� 58 'E, 31 ��06'��� 31 �� 43 'N, Sichuan Province, 8.viii. 2005 (Liang Chang) (SYNU); 1 ��, Mt. Balang, 4400���4800m, 102 ��00'��� 102 �� 58 'E, 31 ��06'��� 31 �� 43 'N, Sichuan Province, 8.viii. 2005 (Hu Ao) (SYNU). Remarks. Fan (in Fan & Zheng, 1993) defined Botanophila melametopa (as Pegohylemyia melametopa) by the following characters: frons a little wider than 1.7 times the width of anterior ocellus, parafacial about 1.5 times the width of antennal postpedicel, palpus wire-like and with curly long hairs, the longest hairs longer than the half length of palpus, palpus about 0.74���0.85 times of the length of prementum, prementum 6.7���8.5 times as long as broad; fore tibia without av, 0���1 ad, 0 pd, 2 pv; mid femur with long setal row in proximal half, the other setae short and less than 10, mid tibia with 0���1 av, 1���2 ad, 2 pd, 2 pv; hind tibia with 3���4 av, 3��� 4 ad, 4���5 pd, 2���4 pv; abdomen with pale yellowish grey pruinosity, distal part of median process of cercal plate bent backwards in lateral view; inner margin of surstyli with a small inner branch in distal part, the width of inner branch not wider than the width of medial process of cercal plate at the same level in posterior view. In the same paper, Fan (in Fan & Zheng, 1993) also described Botanophila nigrifrontata (as Pegohylemyia nigrifrontata) with the following characters: frons about 1.18 times the width of anterior ocellus, parafacial about 1.65 times the width of antennal postpedicel, palpus clubbed and with straight hairs, the longest hairs shorter than half length of palpus, palpus about 0.85���0.90 times the length of prementum, prementum 5.0��� 5.6 times as long as broad; fore tibia without av, 0���1 ad, 0 pd, 2 pv; mid femur with long setal row in distal 2 / 3 ��� 3 / 5, the other setae a little longer and more than 10, mid tibia without av, 1 ad, 2 pd, 2 pv; hind tibia with 4 av, 4���5 ad, 5���7 pd, 4���5 pv; abdomen with pale bluish-grey pruinosity; apical part of median process straight in lateral margin in lateral view; inner margin of surstyli with large and trigonal inner branch in distal 1 / 3, the width of inner branch wider than the width of medial process of cercal plate at the same level in posterior view. We have collected 167 specimens from the type-locality of Botanophila melametopa and Botanophila nigrifrontata. By observing specimens and dissecting terminalia, we interpret that the range of variability is very large in the specimens. We find the characters of some specimens intermediate between melametopa and nigrifrontata. There are also some specimens that have both melametopa and nigrifrontata characters. Here are enumerated the characters of our specimens: frons about 1.5���2.5 times the width of anterior ocellus, parafacial about 1.8���2.4 times the width of antennal postpedicel, palpus clubbed and with straight hairs, the longest hairs shorter or longer than the half length of palpus, palpus about 0.8 ���1.0 times of the length of prementum, prementum 4.0���6.0 times as long as broad; fore tibia without av, ad, or pd, 1���2 pv; mid femur with long setae row in distal 1 / 2���3 / 5, the other setae about 5���12, mid tibia without av, 1 ad, 2 pd, 1���3 pv; hind tibia with 4���5 av, 4���5 ad, 4���5 pd, 3���5 pv; abdomen with grey pruinosity; distal part of median process straight on lateral margin in lateral view, sometimes bent backward; inner margin of surstyli with small to large inner branches. Geographic distribution. China., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on pages 30-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Fan, Z. D. & Zheng, S. S. (1993) Anthomyiidae. In: Chen, S. (Ed.), The Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Insects of the Hengduan Mountains Region 2. [In Chinese.] Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 1141 - 1149."]}

3. Botanophila subspinulibasis Xue & Song, sp. nov. (Figs. 36���39) Description. Male. Body length 6.0��� 6.5mm. Head. Eye with short sporadic cilia, frons about 2.5 times the width of anterior ocellus, frontal vitta velvet black and twice as wide as fronto-orbital plate, inter-frontal setae present, without upper orbital seta, about 6���7 pairs of frontal setae on lower 1 / 2 of frons; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial black in ground colour, covered with coppery grey pruinosity, parafacial about 1.8 times as wide as antennal postpedicel, antenna black, antennal postpedicel about 2.5 times as long as broad, arista pubescent, the longest hairs a little wider than basal diameter of arista, without distinct facial carina, vibrissal angle situated behind frontal angle in profile, epistoma not prominent; 1 row of upcurved subvibrissal setulae, gena covered with brownish grey to grey pruinosity, genal height 1.5 times the width of parafacial, genal hairs black, median occipital sclerite bare, paracephalon with hairs; postocular setae extending to ventral surface; haustellum slender, palpus black and longer than prementum, prementum covered with brownish grey pruinosity and 5.0 times as long as broad. Thorax. Ground colour black, scutum covered with grey pruinosity, scutum with a median dark brown narrow vitta continuing to scutoscutellar suture, 2 lateral vittae not distinct, pre -acr trichoid in 2 rows, post - acr row also trichoid, only 1���2 pairs of distinct setae before scutellum, dc 2 + 3, without outer posthumeral seta, ia 0+ 2, pra about 1.4 times length of posterior notopleural seta, 1 anterior anepisternal seta, scutellum black and without spot, extremity of scutellum with mostly pale hairs on undersurface, notopleuron, basisternum of prosternum, median cavate of proepisternum, anepimeron, katepimeron and meron bare, anterior and posterior spiracles small and fuscous, katepisternal setae 1 + 2. Wing. Base brownish yellow, basicosta yellow, costal vein with small hairs on ventral surface, costal spine short, basal node of vein R 4 + 5 bare, calypteres brownish yellow, lower calypter about half the length of upper one, haltere yellow. Legs. Entirely black, fore tibia with 1 submedial ad, 1 subapical d, 1 medial pv; mid femur with sparse and short av rows, and with complete pv rows which become short distally, mid tibia with 1 ad, 2 pd, 2 pv; hind femur with complete av rows and irregular pv on distal 2 / 3, hind tibia with 3���5 av, 5 ad, 2 of which are strong, 3���5 pd, 2 of which strong, 4���6 posterior setae on median part, without apical pv; fore tarsus longer than its tibia, claws and pulvilli developed. Abdomen. Ground colour black and long-ovate, covered with off-white pruinosity, with T-shaped spots medially on tergites 2���4, tergite 6 with hairs, sternite 1 with hairs, sternite 5 swollen, posterior and lateral margin of sternite 5 slightly reddish in colour, pregonite degenerate and with 2 short setae, postgonite with 2 long setae, phallosome degenerate, partly sclerotized and partly membranous. Type material. Holotype, ��, CHINA: Mt. Erlang, 3000���3300m, 102 �� 25 'E, 29 �� 92 'N, Luding, Sichuan Province, 16.vii. 2005, (Jia-yu Liu) (SYNU). Paratypes, CHINA: 16 ��, same data as holotype, (Jia-yu Liu) (SYNU); 10 ��, same data as holotype, (Liang Chang) (SYNU); 1 ��, same data as holotype, (Hu Ao) (SYNU). Remarks. The new species resembles B. spinulibasis (Li & Deng, 1981), but differs from it by the surstyli having the same width both in distal half and in proximal half in posterior view; 1 row of upcurved subvibrissal setulae. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin word sub -, meaning ���under���, and the valid species name spinulibasis, referring to the similarity of this species to B. spinulibasis (Li & Deng, 1981). Geographic distribution. China., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Li, R. & Deng, A. Z. (1981) Notes on Anthomyiidae from mountain Emei, China. [In Chinese.] Acta Academiae Medicinae Sichuan, 12, 125 - 131."]}

1. Botanophila densispinula Xue & Song, sp. nov. (Figs. 23���26) Description. Male. Body length 7.5 ���8.0mm. Head. Eye bare; frons about 1.5 ���2.0 times the width of anterior ocellus, frontal vitta velvet black and distinctly extended forwards, about 1.0��� 1.5 times the width of frontoorbital plate, interfrontal setae strong, without proclinate orbital seta, about 8 pairs of frontal setae on lower 3 / 5 of frons; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial black, covered with copperish grey pruinosity, parafacial twice the width of antennal postpedicel, antenna black, antennal postpedicel about 2.5 times as long as broad, arista pubescent, the longest hairs as wide as basal diameter of arista, with indistinct facial carina, epistoma situated in front of vibrissal angle, vibrissal angle and frontal angle level in profile; 2 rows of upcurved subvibrissal setulae, gena covered with grey pruinosity, genal height about 4.0 times the width of parafacial and 1 / 3 of eye height, genal hairs black, median occipital sclerite bare; postocular setae extending to ventral surface, palpus black and slender, about 3 / 5 the length of prementum, prementum slender and densely covered with brownish grey pruinosity, 6.0���7.0 times as long as broad. Thorax. Ground colour black and covered with copperish pruinosity, scutum with 3 black vittae, the median vitta nearly reaching scutoscutellar suture. Pre -acr trichoid in 2 rows and irregular, post -acr row also trichoid, only 1 pair of setae before scutellum distinct, dc 2 + 3, without outer posthumeral seta, ia 0+ 2, pra about 1.5 times length of posterior notopleural seta, often without anterior anepisternal seta, scutellum black and without spot, apical part of scutellum with mainly pale hairs on undersurface, notopleuron, basisternum of prosternum, median cavate of proepisternum, anepimeron, katepimeron and meron bare, anterior and posterior spiracles small and dark brown, katepisternal setae 1 + 2. Wing. Brown. base dark brown, veins fuscous, basicosta black, costa vein setulose only basally on ventral surface, costal spine strong and as long as r-m, basal node of vein R 4 + 5 bare. Calypters brown, lower calypter about 1 / 3 the length of upper calypter, haltere yellow. Legs. Entirely black, Fore tibia with 1 submedial ad, 1 apical d, 1 medial pv; mid femur without av and with complete pv row becoming short distally, mid tibia with 1 ad, 2 pd, 2 pv; hind femur with complete av and pv rows, hind tibia with 3���4 av, 4 ad, 3 pd, 4���6 median pv, without apical pv. Claws short and only 1 / 2 the length of pulvilli, pulvilli long. Abdomen. Ground colour black and long-ovate, covered with pale grey pruinosity, with T-shaped spots medially on tergites 2���5, the width of medial spots about half the length of each tergite, lateral and posterior marginal setae strong; tergite 6 bare, sternite 1 with long hairs, sternite 5 swollen, basal part of lateral lobe of sternite 5 with about 6���9 spiny setae, 3���4 setae strong and 3���5 setae short, inner margin of lateral lobe with inversed and spiny spinula. Female. Unknown. Type material. Holotype, ��, CHINA: Yading, 3600���4100m, 100 �� 32 'E, 29 ��05'N, Daocheng, Sichuan Province, 10.vii. 2006, (Jia-yu Liu) (SYNU). Paratypes, CHINA: 2 ��, same data as holotype. Remarks. The new species resembles B. silva (Suwa, 1974), but it differs from it by the male frontal vitta being about 1.0��� 1.5 times the width of fronto-orbital plate, parafacial about twice the width of antennal postpedicel, prementum about 6.0���7.0 times as long as broad, and proximal part of cercal plate nearly rectangular in posterior view. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin words densus, meaning dense and spinula, meaning small spine, referring to the inner margin of the lateral lobe of sternite 5 in the male with inversed and thorn-like setae. Geographic distribution. China., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Suwa, M. (1974) Anthomyiidae of Japan (Diptera). Insecta Matsumurana new series, 4, 95 - 140."]}

5. Botanophila trifurcatoides nom. nov. Replacement name for Pegohylemyia trifurcata Hennig (1976: 953), preoccupied by Hylemyia (Botanophila) trifurcata Huckett (1947: 14). Remarks. As a result of the broadening of the concept of Botanophila by Michelsen (1983), trifurcata Hennig becomes a junior secondary homonym of trifurcata Huckett, and therefore requires a new name., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Hennig, W. (1976) Anthomyiidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region 63 a. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 921 - 974.","Huckett, H. C. (1947) The North American species of the subgenus Botanophila Lioy, genus Hylemyia Sens. Lat. (Diptera, Muscidae) Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 55, 1 - 33.","Michelsen V. (1983) A new species of Botanophila Lioy from Denmark (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Entomologica scandinavica, 14, 293 - 296."]}

16. okai -group (Fig. 21) Diagnosis. Cercal plate oval to pointed, shorter than surstyli. Surstylus slender, bifurcate apically. Species included in this group from China are B. gentianaella (Zhong, 1985), B. cercodiscoides (Fan, Zhong & Deng in Fan, 1988 a), and B. unimacula Xue & Zhang, 1996., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Zhong, Y. H. (1985) Notes on Calypterate flies from Xizang district, China. III. Descriptions of 7 new species belonging to Anthomyiidae. [In Chinese.] Zoological Research, 6, 329 - 336.","Fan, Z. D. (1988 a) Economic insect fauna of China. [In Chinese.] Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 228 - 230, 233 - 264.","Xue, W. Q. & Zhang, X. Z. (1996) Anthomyiidae. In: Wu, S. G. & Feng, Z. J. (Eds.), The Biology and Human Physiology in the Hoh Xil Region. [In Chinese.] Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 167 - 172, 186 - 187."]}

7. cordifrons -group (Fig. 12) Diagnosis. Subcercal structure present (except in B. fonsecai secondarily lost), which is either partly hidden behind the distal half of cercal plate (narrowly or widely partite) or long and clearly visible between the distally separated halves of cercal plate. The terminalia of the following Chinese species have only been figured in lateral view, hence it is not possible to be certain if a subcercal structure is present, but they all appear to belong to this group in other respects except perhaps for B. curvimargo (Zheng & Fan, 1990). Therefore, B. curvimargo is not included in the key. The following Chinese species may belong to the cordifrons species group: B. caligotypa (Zheng & Fan, 1990), B. dolichocerca (Zheng & Fan, 1990), B. menyuanensis (Zheng & Fan, 1990), B. prenochirella (Zheng & Fan, 1990), B. stenocerca (Zheng & Fan, 1990), and B. trinivittata (Zheng & Fan, 1990). Species that reliably belong to this group from China and are known to have a subcercal structure are B. alishana Suwa, 1996, B. amedialis (Zhong, 1985), B. bidens (Ringdahl, 1933), B. bidigitata (Xue & Liang in Xue et al., 1990), B. changbaishanensis (Xue & Liang in Xue et al., 1990), B. choui (Fan, Chen & Ma, 2000), B. clavata (Hennig, 1970), B. cordifrons (Zetterstedt, 1845), B. trifurcatoides nom. nov. [replacement name for Botanophila trifurcata (Hennig, 1976), see below], B. hohxiliensis Xue & Zhang, 1996, B. latirufifrons (Fan in Fan et al., 1984 a), B. longifurcula (Zhong, 1985), B. medoga (Fan, 1988 b), B. monacensis (Hennig, 1970), B. pardocephalla (Deng, Fan & Li, 1990), B. pilicoronata Xue & Zhang, 1996, B. pulvinata (Hennig, 1970), B. rectangularis (Ringdahl, 1952), B. rotundivalva (Ringdahl, 1937), B. rubrigena (Schnabl, 1915), B. rubrifrons (Ringdahl, 1933), B. sanctiforceps Xue & Yang, 2002, B. tuxeni (Ringdahl, 1953), and B. vicariola (Fan in Fan et al., 1987)., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Zheng, S. S. & Fan, Z. D. (1990) Descriptions of some new species of family Anthomyiidae from West China (Diptera). [In Chinese.] Contributions from Shanghai Institute of Entomology, 9, 181 - 187.","Suwa, M. (1996) Some species of the genus Botanophila from Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Oriental Insects, 30, 137 - 153.","Zhong, Y. H. (1985) Notes on Calypterate flies from Xizang district, China. III. Descriptions of 7 new species belonging to Anthomyiidae. [In Chinese.] Zoological Research, 6, 329 - 336.","Ringdahl, O. (1933) Oversikt av I Sverige funna Hylemyia - arter. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 54, 1 - 35.","Xue, W. Q., Liang, C. C. & Chen, H. W. (1990) Studies on Calypterate flies from the Changbai mountains, China. A paper for the 2 nd International Congress of Dipterology, 1 - 12","Fan, Z. D., Chen, Z. Z. & Ma, S. Y. (2000) Two new species of Anthomyiidae (Diptera) from Qinghai, China. Entomotaxonomia, 22, 129 - 133.","Hennig, W. (1970) Anthomyiidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region 63 a. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 329 - 424.","Zetterstedt, J. W. (1845) Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Volume 4. Tomus quartus. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund], pp. 1281 - 1738.","Hennig, W. (1976) Anthomyiidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region 63 a. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 921 - 974.","Xue, W. Q. & Zhang, X. Z. (1996) Anthomyiidae. In: Wu, S. G. & Feng, Z. J. (Eds.), The Biology and Human Physiology in the Hoh Xil Region. [In Chinese.] Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 167 - 172, 186 - 187.","Fan, Z. D. (1988 b) Insects of Mt. Nam jagbarwa Region of Xizang. [In Chinese.] Science Press, Beijing, China, pp. 493 - 494.","Deng, A. X., Fan, Z. D. & Li, R. (1990) Description of six new species of the family Anthomyiidae from mountain Emei.","Ringdahl, O. (1952) Ubersicht der mir bekannten skandinavischen Pegohylemyia - Arten (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Entomologisk Tidskrift, 73, 231 - 238.","Ringdahl, O. (1937) Neue schwedische Hylemyiinen. Opuscula Entomologica, 2, 124 - 129.","Schnabl, J. (1915) Anthomyidae. In: Becker, T., Dziedzicki, H., Schnabl, J. & Villeneuve, J. (Eds.), Resultats scientifiques de I'expedition des freres Kuznecov (Kouznetzov) a I'Oural Arctique en 1909, sous la direction de H. Backlund. Diptera. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, Classe Physico-Mathematique, (8). 28 (7), 1 - 67.","Xue, W. Q. & Yang, M (2002) Four new species and two record species of the genus Botanophila (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China. Entomologia Sinica, 9, 73 - 79.","Ringdahl, O. (1953) Zwei neue Anthomyiinen aus Island (Diptera Brachycera: Muscidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser, 26, 462 - 464.","Fan, Z. D., Chen, Z. Z. & Feng, J. M. (1987) Diptera: Anthomyiidae, Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae. [In Chinese.] Agricultural Insects, Spiders, Plant Diseases and Weeds of Xizang, 1, 299 - 306."]}

13. fugax -group (Fig. 18) Diagnosis. Cercal plate on distal margin with 3 processes (2 submedian, 1 median), the median one apparently not arising from any subcercal structure. Surstylus never apically bifurcate, though sometimes with a tooth on inner margin medially Species included in this group from China are B. betarum (Lintner, 1883), B. fugax (Meigen, 1826), B. hucketti (Ringdahl, 1935), and B. profuga (Stein, 1916)., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Lintner, J. A. (1883) Reports on the injurious and other insects of the state of New York. Rpt. 1, First annual report. Albany, New York, pp. 1 - 208.","Meigen, J. W. (1826) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Volume 5. Schulz, Hamm, pp. 167 - 176.","Ringdahl, O. (1935) Neue fennoskandische Musciden. Notulae Entomologicae, 15, 26 - 31.","Stein, P. (1916) Die Anthomyiden Europas. Tabellen zur Bestimmung der Gattungen und aller mir bekannten Arten, nebst mehr oder weniger ausfuhrlichen Beschreibungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 81 A (10), 1 - 224."]}

2. varicolor -group (Fig. 7) Diagnosis. Cercal plate long, more or less triangular and produced into a single long narrow process in distal third or quarter. Surstylus deeply bifurcate, the inner arm in caudal view closely following the margin of cercal plate. Processes of sternite 5 with spinous setae. Species included in this group from China are B. longifurca Fan in Fan et al., 1981, and B. varicolor (Meigen, 1826)., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Fan, Z. D., Chen, Z. Z., Ma, Z. Y. & Ge, F. X. (1981) On some new species of Anthomyiidae from China (Diptera). [In Chinese.] Contributions from Shanghai Institute of Entomology, 2, 221 - 239.","Meigen, J. W. (1826) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Volume 5. Schulz, Hamm, pp. 167 - 176."]}

6. Botanophila zhuoniensis (Jin, 1983) (Figs. 46���49) Pegohylemyia zhuoniensis Jin, 1983: 13 ���24. Redescription. Male. Body length 6.5 ���7.0mm. Head. Eye with scattered short cilia; frons about 1.5 times the width of anterior ocellus, frontal vitta black and about 0.8���1.8 times the width of fronto-orbital plate, interfrontal seta 1 pair, without proclinate orbital seta, about 6���7 pairs of frontal setae on lower half of frons; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial black, covered with grey pruinosity, parafacial as wide as antennal postpedicel, antenna black, antennal postpedicel about 2.5 ���3.0 times as long as broad, arista pubescent, the longest hairs 1.5 ���2.0 times the width of basal diameter of arista, facial carina not distinct, vibrissal angle situated behind frontal angle in profile, epistoma not prominent, 2 rows of upcurved subvibrissal setulae, gena covered with grey pruinosity, genal height about 1 / 4 the eye height, genal hairs black, median occipital sclerite bare, postocular setae extending to ventral surface; palpus black and slender, prementum covered with brownish grey pruinosity and 3.5 ���4.0 times as long as broad. Thorax. Ground colour black, scutum covered with grey pruinosity and with 3 dark black vittae, the median one continuing to scutoscutellar suture, pre-acr trichoid in 2 rows, post-acr row also hair-like, just 1 pair of distinct setae before scutellum, dc 2 + 3, without outer posthumeral seta, ia 0+ 2, pra about 1.2���1.5 times length of posterior notopleural seta, scutellum without spots and also black, apical part of scutellum with mostly pale hairs on undersurface, anterior anepisternal seta 0���1, notopleuron with 1���3 hairs, basisternum of prosternum, median cavate of proepisternum, anepimeron, katepimeron and meron bare, anterior and posterior spiracles small and dark brown, katepisternal setae 1 +(2���3). Wing. Base brownish yellow, basicosta brown, costal vein setulose on ventral surface, costal spine short, basal node of vein R 4 + 5 bare, calypters brownish yellow, lower calypter about 1 / 2 length of upper one, haltere brownish yellow. Legs. Fore tibia dark brown, mid and hind tibia brown, the rest black, fore tibia with 1 ad, 1 pv; mid femur without av rows, with 2���3 pv on proximal part, mid tibia with 1 ad, 2 pd, 2���3 pv,; hind femur with complete av rows and pv rows on proximal half, hind tibia with 2���3 av, 4���5 ad, 3 strong pd, 3���5 pv on proximal half, without apical pv; claws short and only 1 / 2 the length of pulvilli, pulvilli large and long. Abdomen. Black and long-ovate, covered with bluish grey pruinosity, with broad T-shaped spots medially on syntergum 1 + 2, with black median vitta on tergites 3���5, tergite 6 bare; sternite 1 with hairs, sternite 5 extended, lateral lobe of sternite 5 with a row of 6 developed spinous setae. Female. Unknown. Material examined. CHINA: 3 ��, Laoyulin, Kangding, 3000m, 101 �� 95 'E, 30 ��05'N, Sichuan Province, 6.vii. 2006 (Chuntian Zhang) (SYNU); 8 ��, Yajiageng, Laoyulin, Kangding, 3800���4000m, 101 �� 95 'E, 30 ��05'N, Sichuan Province, 6.vii. 2006 (Liyong Feng) (SYNU); 1 ��, Mt. Gekaechu, Daocheng, 2260���4100m, 100 �� 32 'E, 29 ��05'N, Sichuan Province, 14.vii. 2006 (Liyong Feng) (SYNU). Remarks. It was recorded that the hind leg was lost in the original description. Therefore, it is needed to be redescriptied.By compared terminalia and habitus with original figures and description of the species, it is sure that the specimens are Botanophila zhuoniensis (Jin, 1983). Geographic distribution. China., Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Jin, Z. Y. (1983) Seven new species of the genus Pegohylemyia from Gansu, China (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). [In Chinese.] Entomotaxonomia, 5, 13 - 24."]}

Key to species of latifrons -group from China (males) 1. Hind tibia with strong apical pv setae; cercal plate with 1 median apical process and 2 papillae in posterior view ........................................................................................ B. tridigitata Fan &Chen in Fan et al., 1984 a - Hind tibia without apical pv setae; cercal plate only with 1 median apical process in posterior view........ 2 2. 3 rows of upcurved subvibrissal setulae; 2 pairs of interfrontal setae; costal vein bare on ventral surface; hind tibiae 3 av, 4-5 ad, 4 pd, 2 pv.................................................................... B. cercocerata (Deng, 1985) - 5 rows of upcurved subvibrissal setulae (only 2 rows of upcurved subvibrissal setulae in Hennig); 3 pairs of interfrontal setae; costal vein setulose before humeral break on ventral surface; hind tibiae 2 av, 3 ad, 3 pd, 3 pv........................................................................................................... B. latifrons (Zetterstedt, 1845), Published as part of Xue, Wan-Qi & Song, Wen-Hui, 2007, A review of the genus Botanophila Lioy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from China, with descriptions of three new species, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1633 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179451, {"references":["Deng, A. X. (1985) Notes on Anthomyiidae from mountain Emei, China V. Description of 2 new species of genus Pegohylemyia (Diptera). [In Chinese.] Acta Academiae Medicinae Sichuan, 16, 102 - 104.","Zetterstedt, J. W. (1845) Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Volume 4. Tomus quartus. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund], pp. 1281 - 1738."]}