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The research status of the influences of fillers on the corrosive resistance of anti - corrosive coatings at home and abroad in recent years was briefly described. And the research progress of the effect of dispersion processes, types, shapes, and addition amounts of fillers on the performance of anti - corrosive coatings was summarized. Then, the effects of four kinds of filler modification technologies on the corrosive resistance of anti - corrosive coatings were emphatically described. Finally, in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the development of environmentally friendly anti - corrosive coatings and the formulation of anti - corrosive measures for oil and gas field pipelines, the mechanism of the fillers to improve the corrosion resistance of the coating was discussed.

Abstract: The study includes 21 adult patients with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent orthognathic surgery and had computed tomography images records presurgery (T0) up to 6 months after the surgery (T1). The computed tomography images were analyzed three-dimensionally using the Proplan CMF 3.0 software. Different skeletal and dental parameters were used in analyzing the cephalometric analysis of the patients. The change in the condylar axis angle was evaluated on 3 planes: axial, coronal, and sagittal. The anteroposterior position of the condyle in relation to the glenoid fossa was evaluated in the sagittal plane. ∠SNB, ∠ANB, ∠Left Y-axis, ∠Right Y-axis were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Significant differences on the condylar axis angle were found between the groups on the sagittal plane (P < 0.05) whereas no significant differences were noted on the axial and the coronal plane. In the anteroposterior condylar position related to the glenoid fossa, the condyle exhibited different displacement on different condyles. The right condyle exhibited more of the posterior displacement whereas the left condyle exhibited more of anterior displacement of the condyle in relation to the glenoid fossa. Numerous studies have done regarding the changes after postsurgery using the two-dimensional cephalometric analysis. Using the 3D techniques helps us to identify the cephalometric point more accurately which thus enhances the accuracy in the cephalometric analysis. However, care should be taken not to change the axis of rotation of the condyle to prevent from the treatment relapse and to avoid temporo-mandibular disorders., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), an active component derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza root, has been used to treat various ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, its impact on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. Here, we addressed this issue by using a 90-minute partial liver ischemia model. Mice were administered Tan IIA intragastrically for 3 days before ischemia and were assessed for liver damage 6-h after reperfusion. Tan IIA pretreatment significantly inhibited serum aminotransferases and proinflammatory cytokine levels along with reduced inflammatory infiltration and liver damage. Mechanistic studies revealed that Tan IIA suppressed TLR4 expression in nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) and induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) production in both parenchymal and NPCs. Moreover, the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 in the liver was enhanced, while the phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and p65 was suppressed. These results suggest Tan IIA can suppress TLR4 signaling which then enhances HO-1 expression along with reduced proinflammatory cytokine expressions in the liver, and Tan IIA could be a useful candidate drug in clinic for prevention and treatment of hepatic I/R injury.

Objective: To explore the effects of astilbin on the maturation and immunologic function of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs)., Methods: Mouse bone marrow cells were cultured with recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for 5 days to get immature DCs (imDCs), then the imDCs was cultured in the presence of 1 microg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS (1 microg/mL) plus astilbin (25, 50, 100 microg/mL) for 48 h. Then, the cells were harvested, and the apoptosis, immunophenotypes and antigen phagocytosis capability of imDCs in LPS, and low-, medium- and high-dose astilbin groups were analyzed by flow cytometry. Contents of p40 subunit of interleukin-12 (IL-12p40) in the supernatants were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The stimulatory activity of the harvested cells on allogeneic T cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) was tested by incorporation of 3H-thymidine, and the contents of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) in the supernatants of MLR were examined by ELISA., Results: At the concentrations of 25 to 100 microg/mL, astilbin exhibited no toxicity on co-cultured DCs. Compared with the lipopolysaccharide, low-, medium- and high-dose astilbin could decrease the expression levels of major histocompatibility complex-Ia (MHC-Ia), CD40, CD80 and CD86 molecules in DCs. DCs in the low-, medium- and high-dose astilbin groups exhibited weaker capabilities for antigen phagocytosis and less contents of IL-12p40 in the supernatants than in the LPS group. Furthermore, low-, medium- and high-dose astilbin showed weak activities in stimulating the proliferation of allogeneic T cells as compared with the LPS (P<0.05). Compared with the LPS, low-, medium- and high-dose astilbin could decrease IL-2 and INF-mu secretion from T cells in MLR but had no effect on IL-10 secretion., Conclusion: Astilbin can inhibit maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs with dose-dependent effect and exert negative effects on immunologic function of the DCs.

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of astilbin on renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats., Methods: Twenty-four male SD rats, two months old, were randomly allocated into three groups: sham-operated group (n=8), untreated group (n=8) and astilbin group (n=8). Rats in the untreated group and the astilbin group underwent temporary renal artery occlusion to induce IR injury. The rats in the astilbin group were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/mL astilbin at a dose of 30 mg/kg from 3 day before IR injury until to be sacrificed once per day, and rats in the untreated group were injected with equal volume of normal saline at the same time. After 6-hour reperfusion, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) and histological changes of the renal tissues were detected to evaluate renal injury. Expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA and protein in the renal tissues and the serum contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1beta were also measured with semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay., Results: Compared with the untreated group, BUN and SCr levels were significantly decreased in the astilbin group after 6-hour reperfusion (P<0.01), and similar results were also found in histological examination. The expressions of MCP-1 mRNA and protein in renal tissues in the astilbin group were lower than those in the untreated group. The serum contents of IL-6 and IL-1beta were decreased in the astilbin group as compared with the untreated group (P<0.01)., Conclusion: Astilbin can ameliorate kidney IR injury in rats by inhibiting the production of chemokine MCP-1 and cytokines IL-6 and IL-1beta.

Objective: To investigate the effect of bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the condyles., Methods: 16 adult hybrid dogs were randomly divided into normal control group and experiment group. Experimental dogs underwent bilateral mandibular osteodistraction at a rate of 1 min/day. 4 dogs were killed respectively in distraction period, 2 and 8 weeks after completion of 10 days distraction. The bilateral condyles specimens were harvested and examined with histological and immunohistochemical methods., Results: Compared with normal control group, various degrees of irregularities and erosion were found in fibrocartilage of condyle in experiment group, including damage in fibrous layer, hyperplasia layer and proliferative layer and osteogenic activity in cartilage layer. A significant increase of TGF-beta1 expression was also found in experiment groups. TGF-beta1 positive staining was noted in hypertrophic cell, matrix and chondroblast, osteoblast and matrix in osteogenic activity areas. These changes were the most obvious in 2 weeks after completion of distraction., Conclusion: Gradual bilateral mandibular distraction at a rate of 1 mm/day brought degenerative changes of condyle, but the changes are reversible.