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3. AsymptoticNG: A regularized natural gradient optimization algorithm with look-ahead strategy

Author

Tang, Zedong, Jiang, Fenlong, Song, Junke, Gong, Maoguo, Li, Hao, Yu, Fan, Wang, Zidong, and Wang, Min

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, I.2.6, G.1.6
Abstract

Optimizers that further adjust the scale of gradient, such as Adam, Natural Gradient (NG), etc., despite widely concerned and used by the community, are often found poor generalization performance, compared with Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). They tend to converge excellently at the beginning of training but are weak at the end. An immediate idea is to complement the strengths of these algorithms with SGD. However, a truncated replacement of optimizer often leads to a crash of the update pattern, and new algorithms often require many iterations to stabilize their search direction. Driven by this idea and to address this problem, we design and present a regularized natural gradient optimization algorithm with look-ahead strategy, named asymptotic natural gradient (ANG). According to the total iteration step, ANG dynamic assembles NG and Euclidean gradient, and updates parameters along the new direction using the intensity of NG. Validation experiments on CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 data sets show that ANG can update smoothly and stably at the second-order speed, and achieve better generalization performance., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020

16. Degradation of Hexokinase 2 Blocks Glycolysis and Induces GSDME-Dependent Pyroptosis to Amplify Immunogenic Cell Death for Breast Cancer Therapy

Author

Sang, Ruoxi, primary, Fan, Renming, additional, Deng, Aohua, additional, Gou, Jiakui, additional, Lin, Ruizhuo, additional, Zhao, Ting, additional, Hai, Yongrui, additional, Song, Junke, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Qi, Bing, additional, Du, Guanhua, additional, Cheng, Maosheng, additional, and Wei, Gaofei, additional

Published
2023
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21. Molecular characterization of Blastocystis sp. in Chinese bamboo rats (Rhizomys sinensis)

Author

Song Junke, Yang Xin, Ma Xun, Wu Xuemei, Wang Yuxin, Li Zhili, Liu Guohua, and Zhao Guanghui

Subjects
blastocystis sp., prevalence, subtyping, rhizomys sinensis, hunan province, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Blastocystis sp., a parasitic eukaryote, widely colonizes the intestines of humans and a large number of animals, including rodents and lagomorphs. More than 30 million bamboo rats (Rhizomys sinensis) are farmed in China as a source of meat for human consumption. However, there have been no published articles on Blastocystis infection in Chinese bamboo rats prior to the present study. Herein, 480 fresh faecal samples were collected from R. sinensis on six farms located in four cities (Wugang, Chenzhou, Huaihua and Jishou) in Hunan Province, south-central China, and were examined for Blastocystis infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. The total prevalence of Blastocystis in R. sinensis was 4.58% (22/480), and significant differences in prevalence were detected among four age groups (24 months), with the highest prevalence (7.81%) in rats aged 6–12 months but with no positive samples in rats over 24 months. All farms, except for one in Jishou, were positive for Blastocystis infection, with the prevalence ranging from 1.80% to 7.27%. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed two potentially zoonotic subtypes (namely ST4 and ST5) in these rodents, with ST4 predominant in all except one farm in Huaihua. Seven and five sequence types were identified within ST4 and ST5, respectively. This is the first report of Blastocystis infection in Chinese bamboo rats and the findings suggest the potential of R. sinensis to transmit Blastocystis to humans.

Published
2021
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34. C3a/C3aR Affects the Propagation of Cryptosporidium parvum in the Ileum Tissues of Mice by Regulating the Gut Barrier, Cell Proliferation, and CD4 + T Cell Main Effectors.

Author

Yang, Xin, Wu, Xuemei, Huang, Shuang, Yao, Qian, Chen, Xi, Song, Junke, Fan, Yingying, and Zhao, Guanghui

Subjects
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM parvum, T cells, CELL proliferation, ILEUM, TIGHT junctions
Abstract

Simple Summary: The complement system plays important roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. The present study explored the function of host C3a/C3aR signaling during Cryptosporidium parvum infection, and found that the C3a/C3aR signaling likely affected the propagation of C. parvum in mouse ileum tissues by regulating the gut barrier, cell proliferation and CD4+ T cell main effectors. Cryptosporidium parvum is an important zoonotic protozoon that threatens the health of humans and animals, but the interaction mechanisms between C. parvum and hosts are poorly understood. Our previous study indicated that the expression levels of C3a and C3aR were up-regulated in mice during C. parvum infection, but the mechanisms of C3a/C3aR signaling during C. parvum infection have not been elucidated. In the present study, an optimized BALB/c suckling mouse model infected with C. parvum was used to explore the function of C3a/C3aR signaling during C. parvum infection. The expression levels of C3aR in the ileum tissues of mice infected with C. parvum were analyzed using real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA levels of the Cryptosporidium 18S rRNA gene, tight junction proteins (zo-1, claudin 3, and occludin), intestinal stem cell marker lgr5, cell proliferation marker ki67, Th1 cell-related cytokine ifn-γ, and Treg cell-related cytokine tgf-β in mouse ileum tissues were analyzed by real-time PCR. The pathological injury of ileal mucosa was examined by histopathology analysis. The mRNA expression levels of Cryptosporidium 18S rRNA gene were significantly up-regulated in the ileum tissues of C3aR-inhibited mice during C. parvum infection. Meanwhile, histopathology analysis of ileal mucosa in mice showed that inhibition of C3aR significantly aggravated the changes in villus length, villus diameter, mucosal thickness and the ratio of villus length to crypt depth during C. parvum infection. Further studies found inhibition of C3aR aggravated the down-regulation of occludin at most time points during C. parvum infection. The mRNA levels of ki67 and lgr5 in the ileum tissues of mice infected with C. parvum were significantly down-regulated. Inhibition of C3aR significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of lgr5 at most time points, but significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of ki67 at most time points. The mRNA expression levels of ifn-γ and tgf-β were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated in the ileum tissues of mice infected with C. parvum, respectively. However, inhibition of C3aR significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of ifn-γ and tgf-β in the ileum tissues of mice infected with C. parvum. Taken together, C3a/C3aR signaling could possibly affect the propagation of C. parvum in mouse ileum tissues by regulating the gut barrier, cell proliferation and CD4+ T cell main effectors, which would contribute to our understanding of the interaction between Cryptosporidium and hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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45. Lipid Profiling Reveals Browning Heterogeneity of White Adipose Tissue by Β3-Adrenergic Stimulation

Author

He, Ping, primary, Hou, Biyu, additional, Li, Yanliang, additional, Xu, Chunyang, additional, Ma, Peng, additional, Lam, Sin Man, additional, Gil, Victoria, additional, Yang, Xinyu, additional, Yang, Xiuying, additional, Zhang, Li, additional, Shui, Guanghou, additional, Song, Junke, additional, Qiang, Guifen, additional, Liew, Chong Wee, additional, and Du, Guanhua, additional

Published
2019
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