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Abstract Aim To assess the efficacy of positional therapy and oral appliance therapy for the management of positional obstructive sleep apnea. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and SCOPUS for relevant clinical trials. Quality assessment of the included trials was evaluated according to Cochrane’s risk of bias tool. We included the following outcomes: The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), AHI non-supine, AHI supine, sleep efficiency, percentage of supine sleep, Adherence (≥ 4 h/night, ≥ 5 days/week), Oxygen desaturation Index, Arousal Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score (ESS), Mean SpO2, and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire. Results The AHI non-supine and the ESS scores were significantly lower in the OAT cohort than in the PT cohort. The PT cohort was associated with a significantly decreased percentage of supine sleep than the OAT cohort (MD= -26.07 [-33.15, -19.00], P = 0.0001). There was no significant variation between PT cohort and OAT cohort regarding total AHI, AHI supine, ODI, sleep efficiency, arousal index, FOSQ, adherence, and mean SpO2. Conclusion Both Positional Therapy and Oral Appliance Therapy effectively addressed Obstructive Sleep Apnea. However, Oral Appliance Therapy exhibited higher efficiency, leading to increased supine sleep percentage and more significant reductions in the Apnea Hypopnea Index during non-supine positions, as well as lower scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

In this study, we established a method for the determination of three metabolic regulators including clomiphene, trimetazidine and meldonium in foods by pass-through solid phase extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS). The samples were extracted with 5% formic acid in acetonitrile, and the extract was purified on a pass-through solid phase extraction column and chromatographically separated on an amide column (3.0 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm). The separated analytes were detected in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, and quantitated by an internal standard method. Good linearity was observed for clomiphene and trimetazidine within the concentration range of 1.0-40.0 ng/mL, and 5.0-200.0 ng/mL for meldonium. The average recoveries for spiked samples ranged from 81.3% to 100.7%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were between 0.3% and 6.1% (n = 6). The developed method was simple, rapid and practical with low matrix interferences, and was generally suitable for the determination of clomiphene, trimetazidine and meldonium in foods, which could provide effective technical support for the assurance of food safety for sports events.

In order to solve the problems of the detection of various foodborne stimulants in different animal-derived foods such as significant differences in matrix effects and many types of interference, a method was established for the determination of 10 protein anabolic agents, 8 glucocorticoids, and 12 diuretics in animal-derived foods by pass-through solid phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The sample was extracted with 5% formic acid in acetonitrile, and the extract was purified by pass-through solid phase extraction before being analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The internal standard method was used for quantification. The results showed that good linearity was observed for all analytes within their respective concentration ranges. The average recoveries ranged from 67.5% to 114.3% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.7% and 16.1% (n = 6). This method is characterized by high sensitivity, simple operation, high throughput and high detection efficiency, which improves the measurement accuracy of different complex matrices and can meet the need for the detection of the 30 foodborne stimulants in animal-derived foods used in sports events.

Objective·To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of the chromobox protein homolog 8 (CBX8) in prostate cancer metastasis from transcriptome and epigenetic modification perspectives.Methods·The correlation between the expression of CBX proteins and prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was examined through an analysis based on cBioPortal database. A stable CBX8 knockdown DU145 prostate cancer cell line was established via short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection. Subsequently, the proliferation and invasion of the CBX8 knockdown cells were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay, respectively. Transcriptome changes of the CBX8 knockdown cells were investigated through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) coupled with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). To further evaluate the functional implications of these transcriptomic alterations, Gene Ontology (GO) for functional analysis was deployed. Moreover, to identify potentially affected signalling pathways, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was utilized for pathway enrichment analysis. Lastly, the levels of H3K27me3, a key histone modification associated with CBX8, in the knockdown cells were determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq).Results·Bioinformatic analysis with cBioPortal database, based on TCGA-PRAD cohorts, unveiled a high CBX8 mRNA expression in PRAD. Knockdown of CBX8 did not significantly affect the proliferation of DU145 cells (P>0.05), but caused a a significant increase in their invasiveness (P

Abstract Background Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is an efficient indicator of insulin resistance and is proven to be a valuable marker in several cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between TyG index and cardiac arrest (CA) remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the association of the TyG index with the occurrence and clinical outcomes of CA. Methods In this retrospective, multicenter, observational study, critically ill patients, including patients post-CA, were identified from the eICU Collaborative Research Database and evaluated. The TyG index for each patient was calculated using values of triglycerides and glucose recorded within 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. In-hospital mortality and ICU mortality were the primary clinical outcomes. Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and correlation analyses were performed to explore the relationship between the TyG index and clinical outcomes. Propensity score matching (PSM), overlap weighting (OW), and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were adopted to balance the baseline characteristics of patients and minimize selection bias to confirm the robustness of the results. Subgroup analysis based on different modifiers was also performed. Results Overall, 24,689 critically ill patients, including 1021 patients post-CA, were enrolled. The TyG index was significantly higher in patients post-CA than in those without CA (9.20 (8.72–9.69) vs. 8.89 (8.45–9.41)), and the TyG index had a moderate discrimination ability to identify patients with CA from the overall population (area under the curve = 0.625). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the TyG index was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03–1.58) and ICU mortality (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02–1.58) in patients post-CA. RCS curves revealed that an increased TyG index was linearly related to higher risks of in-hospital and ICU mortality (P for nonlinear: 0.225 and 0.271, respectively). Even after adjusting by PSM, IPTW, and OW, the TyG index remained a risk factor for in-hospital mortality and ICU mortality in patients experiencing CA, which was independent of age, BMI, sex, etc. Correlation analyses revealed that TyG index was negatively correlated with the neurological status of patients post-CA. Conclusion Elevated TyG index is significantly associated with the occurrence of CA and higher mortality risk in patients post-CA. Our findings extend the landscape of TyG index in cardiovascular diseases, which requires further prospective cohort study.

Green manure (GM) has been used to support rice production in southern China for thousands of years. However, the effects of GM on soil carbon sequestration (CS) and the carbon footprint (CF) at a regional scale remain unclear. Therefore, we combined the datasets from long-term multisite experiments with a meta-analysis approach to quantify the potential of GM to increase the CS and reduce the CF of paddy soils in southern China. Compared with the fallow–rice practice, the GM–rice practice increased the soil C stock at a rate of 1.62 Mg CO2-eq ha–1 yr–1 and reduced chemical N application by 40% with no loss in the rice yield. The total CF varied from 7.51 to 13.66 Mg CO2-eq ha–1 yr–1 and was dominated by CH4 emissions (60.7–81.3%). GM decreased the indirect CF by 31.4% but increased the direct CH4 emissions by 19.6%. In the low and high CH4 emission scenarios, the CH4 emission factors of GM (EFgc) were 5.58 and 21.31%, respectively. The greater soil CS offset the increase in GM-derived CF in the low CH4 scenario, but it could not offset the CF increase in the high CH4 scenario. A trade-off analysis also showed that GM can simultaneously increase the CS and reduce the total CF of the rice production system when the EFgc was less than 9.20%. The variation in EFgc was mainly regulated by the GM application rates and water management patterns. Determining the appropriate GM application rate and drainage pattern warrant further investigation to optimize the potential of the GM–rice system to increase the CS and reduce the total CF in China.