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Triazole groups play an important role in the construction of agricultural bioactive molecules, often acting as linking units to organically graft different pharmacophore groups, so as to obtain efficient and broad‐spectrum pesticide molecules. After decades of development, triazole derivatives have made remarkable achievements in the discovery of pesticides, especially the discovery of fungicides. In addition, highly effective triazole insecticides, herbicides, and anti‐plant virus agents have also been found, and commercial triazole pesticides have occupied a large market share. At present, the study of triazole compounds has become one of the important fields in the development of new pesticides. We systematically reviewed the application of triazole derivatives in the discovery of new pesticides since 2010, summarized the antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, herbicidal, and anti‐plant virus activities of triazole derivatives, and discussed the structure–activity relationship and mechanism of action in order to provide inspiration and ideas for the discovery of new triazole agrochemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for new scaffolds is one of the important goals in the discovery of new pesticides, and the oxazoles as an important five‐membered heterocyclic compound are widely used in the discovery of new pesticides. Oxazoles ring are often used as the scaffolding structure or bridging chain to connect different reactive groups. In recent years, oxazoles have made rapid progress in the discovery of new pesticides, especially in the discovery of fungicides, insecticides, and acaricides. A systematic review of the recent research progress of oxazoles in the discovery of new pesticides is of interest. Therefore, we comprehensively reviewed the application of oxazole compounds in the discovery of new pesticides from 2003 to 2023; summarized the fungicidal, antibacterial, insecticidal, acaricidal, and herbicidal activities of oxazoles; and discussed the structure–activity relationship, physiochemical and mechanism of action, with the aim of providing inspiration and ideas for the discovery of oxazoles as novel agrochemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many high-performance fluid dynamic models do not consider fluids in a rotating environment and often require a significant amount of computational time. The current study proposes a novel parameter-based field reconstruction convolutional neural network (PFR-CNN) approach to model the solute concentration field in rotationally influenced fluids. A new three-dimensional (3D) numerical solver, TwoLiquidMixingCoriolisFoam, was implemented within the framework of OpenFOAM to simulate effluents subjected to the influence of rotation. Subsequently, the developed numerical solver was employed to conduct numerical experiments to generate numerical data. A PFR-CNN was designed to predict the concentration fields of neutrally buoyant effluents in rotating water bodies based on the Froude number (Fr) and Rossby number (Ro). The proposed PFR-CNN was trained and validated with a train-validation dataset. The predicted concentration fields for two additional tests demonstrated the good performance of the proposed approach, and the algorithm performed better than traditional approaches. This study offers a new 3D numerical solver, and a novel PFR-CNN approach can predict solute transport subjected to the effects of rotation in few seconds, and the PFR-CNN can significantly reduce the computational costs. The study can significantly advance the ability to model flow and solute transport processes, and the proposed CNN-based approach can potentially be employed to predict the spatial distribution of any physical variable in the lentic, ocean, and earth system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hourly concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions (Na + , NH 4 + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cl - , NO 3 - and SO 4 2- ) in PM 2.5 and related reactive gases were measured with a Gas and Aerosol Collector combined with Ion Chromatography (GAC-IC) in urban Chengdu from April 17 to May 27, 2017, during which both haze and dust episodes occurred frequently. Nitrate was the most abundant ion in PM 2.5 and substantially increased during haze pollution with the NO 3 - /SO 4 2- mass ratio increasing from 0.78 during clean period to 1.1 during haze period. Aerosols in Chengdu were generally ammonium-rich, wherein ammonium nitrate was primarily formed through homogeneous gas-phase reactions and limited by the availability of HNO 3 , indicating that preferentially reducing the emissions of NOx could make for mitigating spring haze pollution in Chengdu. Backward trajectory clustering coupled with measured species and a potential source contribution function (PSCF) for PM 2.5 , PM 10 /PM 2.5 , sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and Ca 2+ indicated that regionally transported pollutants from the southern and southeastern Sichuan Basin strongly contributed to springtime PM 2.5 pollution in Chengdu, but long-distance transport from northwestern China also contributed to dust pollution. Moreover, the treatment of urban fugitive dust in southern Sichuan is also important for reducing coarse particles in Chengdu. Therefore, the improvement of air quality in Chengdu, even in the Sichuan Basin, requires the regional joint emission reduction of particles and gaseous precursors across the entire Sichuan Basin, especially for cities located in southeastern Sichuan Basin., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)