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Toxic substances in seafood can accumulate in consumers and cause serious health problems. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the levels of 11 essential and toxic elements (arsenic, copper, mercury, zinc, iron, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, selenium and titanium) in nail samples from fishermen who frequently consumed seafood and control groups who consumed them less frequently. This study was conducted in the Marmara Sea coastal cities of Istanbul, Kocaeli, Tekirdağ and Yalova. 352 individuals were enrolled, 263 fishermen and 89 controls. A questionnaire was administered to the individuals, then fingernail samples were collected. Nail samples were digested by the addition of HNO3 and H2O2, then the element levels was measured by ICP-MS. Zinc and iron levels in fishermen's nails were higher than in controls. Positive correlations were observed between levels of arsenic, mercury, iron, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, selenium, and titanium in the fishermen's nails and monthly seafood consumption. Mean nail zinc and copper levels were lower than expected in both groups. Other elements were at expected levels. In conclusion, consuming seafood caught in this region does not result in element exposure sufficient to represent a risk, but may increase in the burdens of some elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the water/fluid intake patterns of students and affecting factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, water/fluid intake and affecting factors among 4922 students studying in primary, secondary and high schools in Ortahisar district of Trabzon province in 2017-2018 academic year were investigated. As the data collection tool, a questionnaire form evaluating sociodemographic characteristics and water/fluid consumption patterns was used. Results: The plain water intake of the students was determined as 1199 ± 572 mL/day and the total fluid intake was found as 1611 ± 688 mL/day. In addition, it was revealed that daily fluid intake of 2098 (62.6%) of the students was below the sufficient amount advised by National Academy of Medicine (NAM). It was found that the amount of daily fluid intake of boys, older children, those whose maternal education level is high school or low, those who have maximum two siblings, and those who are not engaged in sportive activities was inadequate. Conclusion: Daily fluid intake of more than half of the students is below the amount advised by NAM for children by age and gender groups. Considering the possible adverse consequences of this situation on health, it is suggested that appropriate interventions should be made to increase fluid intake of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this research is to evaluate attitudes, concern and stress levels of healthcare workers towards COVID-19 in Turkey. Material and Method: This study was conducted among health professionals who work in Turkey. Data collection form has been shared with health professionals through Google Forms, between the dates 07-27 April 2020. The 968 questionnaires with appropriate data quality was included in the study. Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) was used to measure the stress levels of healthcare workers. SPSS 23.0 statistical package program was used to analyze the data. Statistical significance level was accepted as p <0.05. Results: 96.6% of the participants stated that infected people should be isolated from the society, 94.3% thought that their work was risky for being infected with COVID-19. 90.1% of the participants in the study stated that they were worried about transmitting the disease to their family, friends or other people The mean perceived stress scale is 23.6±6.1, and the median is 23.0 (3-40). The PSS-10 score was found to be higher in frontline employees and those who were unwilling or hesitant to provide services to COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the attitudes of most healthcare workers that patients should be isolated and that their work is risky in terns of becoming infected with COVID-19; and concerns about infection and transmission of COVID-19. In addition, perceived stress levels of healthcare professionals were found to be quite high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]