Search

[italiano]: La didattica nella realtà accademica è un’esperienza formativa che non si limita al trasferimento di conoscenze, ma, specialmente nella formazione dell’ingegnere edile o edile-architetto, si integra con la cosiddetta didattica laboratoriale, in cui ogni studente ha l’occasione di misurare le proprie attitudini alla progettazione. Questo lavoro, nel raccogliere progetti di complessi socio-parrocchiali, sviluppati dagli allievi della cattedra di Architettura Tecnica, iscritti al secondo anno del corso di laurea Ingegneria Edile-Architettura dell’Università di Napoli Federico II, nell’anno accademico 2021-2022, fornisce l’occasione di formulare riflessioni sulla didattica laboratoriale, in cui il progetto si pone come una vera e propria sfida lanciata dal docente, condivisa dai tutor e raccolta dagli allievi. Questo “momento formativo” è stata un’esperienza forte, pregnante e coinvolgente, fino a confluire in una mostra allestita presso la parrocchia di San Vitale Martire a Fuorigrotta ,nei giorni 28 e 29 maggio 2022, in occasione della Festa dell’Approdo di San Paolo. Alla gratificazione di tutti gli attori, si è aggiunta la possibilità di condividere con i cittadini dell’intera circoscrizione di Fuorigrotta, il lavoro accademico portandolo fuori dalle mura dell’Università. / [english]: In the academic world, teaching is an educational experience that is not limited to the transfer of knowledge alone, but integrates with laboratory activities, especially in the training of building engineer or building-architect. In this way, each student has the opportunity to measure their aptitudes for design. The projects of socio-parish complexes, developed in the academic year 2021-2022, by the students of the Technical Architecture course, enrolled in the second year of the Building Engineering degree course at the University of Naples Federico II, are reported in this book. This work provides the opportunity to formulate reflections on laboratory teaching, in which the project is presented as a challenge launched by the teacher, shared by the tutors and taken up by the students. This "formative moment" was a strong, meaningful and engaging experience, until it converged into an exhibition set up at the parish of San Vitale Martire in Fuorigrotta, on 28 and 29 May 2022, on the occasion of the Festa dell'Approdo di San Paul. To the gratification of all the authors, the possibility of the citizens of the entire district of Fuorigrotta was added, the academic work taking it outside the university environments.

The urbanization processes that have developed in recent years have caused profound impacts on urban spaces’ surfaces, due to careless maintenance actions and impacts of climate change. The alterations of the ancient construction solutions have limited the permeability of the historic paving stones, causing the urban heat island. The waterproof, asphalted and cemented surfaces absorb heat with a consequent decrease in evapo-breathable phenomena and modification of the natural water cycle. In fact, the infiltration capacity of surface waters decreases, the volumes and the aggressiveness of the run-off water increase. In addition, it increases the transformation of pollutants causing the phenomenon of urban smog. The use of ancient construction solutions provided dry installation systems in a logic of respect for the environment that anticipated the times. The historical reading and the awareness of the efficiency of the solution are the premise in the choice of maintenance and restoration of urban surfaces to ensure the increase of permeability. Dry solutions and green technologies, combined with the choice of suitable materials, minimizes the impact on the drainage network, in line with the concept of low impact development, returning meteoric water to the atmosphere through evaporation and improving the microclimate. The rationalization of proposed interventions can be measured by parametric assessment of environmental health.

The protection of terraced landscapes is an objective that has gained the greatest attention after the recognition of dry stone walls as intangible Unesco in 2018. The starting point is the knowledge that starts from the analysis of the meaning and formal values that the types of walls introduce in morphologically complex landscapes. An ideal cognitive path follows, the awareness of the dry masonry technique and the numerous advantages it introduces to the environmental scale, up to the safeguarding of biodiversity. The experience and the proactive aspects gained in some related contexts is an important reflection which, compared to the cognitive phase, is configured as the keystone for identifying permanent guidelines in the protection interventions of the terraces that constitute a great heritage of our country

Negli ultimi anni le pressioni demografiche, il calo degli investimenti pubblici nelle abitazioni, così come l’aumento dei canoni di locazione e i prezzi di vendita delle case, stanno compromettendo la scelta degli edifici immobiliari. Ne deriva che la problematica dell’edilizia residenziale in Europa è una realtà con la quale molti paesi devono confrontarsi, anche in relazione all’attuale crisi pandemica. Non vi è solo la necessità di trovare un alloggio low cost come dimora, ma anche l’esigenza di condizioni di vivibilità adeguate che contribuiscano alla qualità degli spazi interni e a quella dell’ambiente esterno. Allo stesso modo, la crisi economico-finanziaria che investe non solo il nostro Paese ma l’intera Europa, non ha solo incrementato i divari sociali, ma ha avuto anche un impatto notevole sul settore immobiliare. Questo ha contribuito allo sviluppo di nuovi programmi per l’edilizia sociale, in relazione alle problematiche economico-sociali oltre che a quelle ambientali, vista l’estrema emergenza climatica a cui il Pianeta è oggi chiamato a rispondere. I governi territoriali necessitano, quindi, di politiche abitative integrate, definendo un nuovo ruolo per le città che devono dotarsi di spazi capaci di rispondere alle esigenze di una popolazione segnata da una crisi. Attraverso questo paper si vuole delineare, partendo da una disamina delle normative di riferimento, affiancata dall’analisi di casi studio nazionali e europei, un quadro generale delle soluzioni tipologiche del Social Housing, che si prefigura come nuova frontiera per l’edilizia sostenibile a supporto della precarietà del sistema sociale, economico e ambientale. In tal modo sarà possibile evidenziare l’importanza delle varie soluzioni, amministrative e tecnologiche, impiegate nelle fasi di progettazione e realizzazione, per contribuire alla qualità dell’organismo finale e alla limitazione dell’impatto ambientale, favorendo il mix sociale oltre che stili di vita ecologicamente orientati.

After almost a century of investigation on the architectural value of rural buildings in all its connections with landscape, the recovery approach has not overcome the phase of ethic imperative. The effective possibilities to rehabilitation existing structures are left to the project that, through its interdisciplinarity, should specify the modalities, from the technical point of view as well as from the environmental, social, and economic advantages one. This paper aims to re-inhabit the rural buildings closer to urban centers. The methodological approach is based on a bioclimatic project integrated with green building, which had been tested in a rural house of the seventeenth century: Masseria Nicotera to Marigliano, in the province of Naples. Indeed, the bioclimatic matrix of rural architecture has been recovered and reintroduced, after being improved by the passive system and integrated by natural material. The project has been supported also by the assessment of the economic benefit and the estimation contributions that are not good for themselves but constitutes the beginning of a database available at the national level for the recovery of rural architecture.

Ancient Italian villages could be candidates for progressive decline and depopulation that limits their historical and cultural value, resulting in isolation from the surrounding context, a condition not in line with today’s globalization. This raises awareness of the need to enhance them. Highlighting them with strategies that aim at valorization is certainly a necessary action to grant them a new life, so as to stop emigration from the ghost villages and to revitalize the socio-economic fabric of that place. In recent years many examples of enhancement have been tested throughout the national territory with different levels of impact. Thanks to the careful analysis of the range of actions taken for the concrete revival of some small historical centers, we can adopt measured strategies that have a clear response to reality, guaranteeing them new perspectives. The purpose of this report is to provide a proposal of guidelines starting from the field trials already experienced by other villages, considering the preservation of the existing one to reserve memory, culture and the necessities of modern life. Measuring and weighing the interventions on the basis of both impact and effects is a necessary action to design the enhancement, whose innovative character can contribute to a territorial renaissance. We should start from the combination of innovation and tradition to propose a revival of micro territoriality through social actions that increase tourism and the circular economy.

“Se l’umanità vuole sopravvivere, avremo bisogno di un vero e proprio nuovo modo di pensare”. Parafrasando le parole di Albert Einstein si può ribadire l'esigenza di condurre le scelte per la progettazione degli edifici verso orizzonti sostenibili, azione piuttosto circoscritta ma sicuramente riverberante. La predilezione di materiali green, in alternativa ad altri che sono impattanti per l’ambiente, è un modus operandi cardinale in una progettazione sensibile alle tematiche ambientali e la schiuma di alluminio, pur nella sua esuberante innovatività, è in linea con questo approccio. Nelle architetture contemporanee viene utilizzata come componente sotto forma di pannello, deputato non solo ad una caratterizzazione estetica dell’edificio, ma anche funzionale. Le principali prestazioni che tali pannelli garantiscono nelle architetture odierne sono soprattutto di isolamento termico e fonoassorbenza, coniugate contestualmente ad un intento decorativo, garantito e caratterizzato dalla particolare finitura. Nella consapevolezza che l’alluminio e le sue leghe siano materiali riciclabili all’infinito e che i pannelli possano essere prodotti dal recupero di rifiuti di alluminio, è interessante constatare quanto le prestazioni siano le stesse di quelli che attingono alla materia prima. Inoltre, i vantaggi che ne derivano sono notevoli sia sotto l’aspetto ambientale, che sotto quello economico. Senza considerare il valore rigenerante sull’immagine architettonica che entra nella contemporaneità con tutta la sua componente di innovatività, spesso strumentalizzata dalle archistar. Negli ultimi anni si è avuto un trend crescente del loro impiego e l’utilizzo sempre più diffuso dei pannelli in schiuma di alluminio è sintomatico non solo della garanzia delle prestazioni performanti di tali componenti, ma anche di un approccio che guarda sempre più verso la sostenibilità ed è sensibile ai risvolti futuri che le singole scelte possono riversare sull’ambiente.

The conservative restoration objective could be achieved through an approach to cultural heritage, optimized by diagnostics. So, it is possible to identify the causes of degradation, to monitor the effects of interventions and to guide future choices. The validity of this approach is testified by the interventions made on the Church of the Annunziata di Sessa Aurunca (CE). Inappropriate interventions and a lack of planned maintenance had caused widespread degradation. The presence of humidity was due to rising damp and condensation. After the first thermographic surveys, the restoration work began. The validation of the results had emerged from the monitoring through thermographic analysis iterated over time, which had allowed to measure the effectiveness of the interventions and to optimize the choices towards more effective actions too. The monitoring through non-destructive analysis has made it possible to develop a methodological approach that can be generalized to the historical building. Diagnostics become a system of objective measurement not only of degradation but also of the regression of degradation itself. In the reality of the restoration site, diagnostics are often overlooked with a view to reducing overall costs. This case study shows how important it is to sensitize professionals to make use of diagnostics in the approach to cultural heritage and in particular, in the case of conservative restoration, to make this preparatory phase more than desirable.

The building envelope has an important role in regulating the energy exchanges between the internal and external environment. In recent years, various studies on technological solutions for responsive and intelligent envelopes have been carried out. The purpose of this paper is to investigate climate-adaptive building envelopes and related biomimetic solutions, providing a critical review of the state of the art. Various examples of the adaptive envelopes are analysed and compared with examples of biomimetic envelopes. This paper demonstrates the potential of the broad database of nature to provide solutions that can be implemented in architecture to achieve design solutions that are sustainable, energy efficient, and able to adapt to environmental changes. After an initial critical review of nature's adaptation strategies, a methodological approach has been proposed: the bio-adaptive model (bio-AM). Starting from the definition of the context and the relative abiotic factors, the bio-AM identifies the essential phases to transfer the functions of plants to building technologies, using adaptive materials capable of self-activation in response to environmental factors, thus potentially emulating the adaptation of plants in technological solutions for the future of sustainable buildings.

The reduced drainage capacity of the soils, common to various European realities, is also evident in Mediterranean urbanized contexts, such as the city of Naples, where the central areas suffer from scarce permeable green surfaces. The focus of this work is on the large monumental hospitals in the center which, due to their size, go beyond the building scale to take the form of large urban blocks. The particular conformation of these factories, organized around large courtyards and cloisters, and their size allow large-scale actions aimed at increasing permeable surfaces with consequences on surface temperatures. These interventions to adapt to climate change are part of a broader objective of reopening the internal spaces of monumental hospitals to city flows and compensating for the shortcomings of green public spaces. After a careful selection of some case studies present in the Neapolitan territory, the methodological approach starts from the evaluation of the building consistency, the incidence of the covered and uncovered surfaces and the relative permeability, using tools such as the Impact Reduction index. Building assessed before and after the intervention proposals.

Teaching online has been a testing ground for many teachers, in response to the health emergency from Covid 19 which has imposed updates in the field of teaching. Universities are more advantaged because older kids are more skilled with smartphones and the web. In particular, some Engineering courses have proved to be particularly suitable, offering a better quality of both frontal teaching and design laboratories. But that's not enough! We must work with creativity and stimulate ingeniousness in young people, to the point of making them look for hidden inclinations and latent ambitions. The capacity for educational challenges lives within teachers and tutors who carry out their work with passion, as evidenced by this paper. The technical experience in organizing laboratories and school construction sites has energized in us the will to experiment an innovative teaching approach whose importance becomes even more strategic in the field of university education of the young people who are approaching the profession of engineer in the era of Covid 19. The need to emphasize construction site problems led us to translate the need for direct contact with the construction site into an online school. Attention was paid to the relationship between formwork and concrete castings about the construction of concrete stairs and floors. This topic has become of a unique round table, in which the students of the teaching of Building and Plant Elements (Bachelor's degree in Building Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II) have ventured into the construction of formworks to create stairs and floors, concerning the different construction types. Special "recycled" materials were used for the creation, drawing on easily available materials from waste and household items. This strongly underlined choice is emblematic in the era of Covid when the "red zone" in Naples prevents us from going out and making purchases. But above all, it is a highly educational experience because it stimulates inventiveness and creativity in young people, who increasingly need new motivations. Manual skills can be both discovery and an attitude to be cultivated and encouraged for some young people. Furthermore, the “waste” present in the house was much more than what the young protagonists could imagine: cardboard and packaging cartons, toothpicks, straws for drinks, rice, couscous, flour, pasta etc. etc. "Learning by doing" is undoubtedly the most immediate method to bring students closer to professional practice and to put to the system the knowledge learned in the different teachings that converge in the Bachelor's degree in Building Engineering, from the technology of the materials passing through the technological design, the static of the structures until reaching the organization of a construction site. And so, one the most popular video conferencing platforms Microsoft Teams became a virtual round table for one day, attended by some students from the University of Naples Federico II.