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5. Octanoyl esterification of low molecular weight sulfated galactan enhances the cellular uptake and collagen expression in fibroblast cells

Author

Sakaew, Waraporn, Somintara, Somsuda, Jongsomchai, Kamonwan, El-Abid, Jamal, Wongprasert, Kanokpan, Kovensky, Jose, Rudtanatip, Tawut, Sakaew, Waraporn, Somintara, Somsuda, Jongsomchai, Kamonwan, El-Abid, Jamal, Wongprasert, Kanokpan, Kovensky, Jose, and Rudtanatip, Tawut

Abstract

Low molecular weight sulfated galactan (LMSG) supplemented with octanoyl ester (Oct-LMSG) demonstrated superior wound healing activity compared to the unsupplemented LMSG in a fibroblast wound model. To test the hypothesis that the increased bioactivity of Oct-LMSG may depend on its penetration into the plasma membrane, its cellular uptake was investigated and collagen production in fibroblast cells was assessed for the first time. The cellular uptake of Oct-LMSG was examined using indirect immunofluorescence and a confocal laser scanning microscope. In addition, the degree of fibroblast activation associated with this uptake was evaluated. The results indicated increased LMSG internalization in fibroblasts treated with Oct-LMSG. Transmission electron micrographs revealed the ultrastructure of active protein production in fibroblasts upon treatment with Oct-LMSG. In addition, Oct-LMSG upregulated the expression of type I collagen mRNA and proteins, as well as related signaling molecules involved in collagen synthesis, including collagen type I alpha 1 chain (Col1A1), Col1A2, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2/3 and p-Smad4. The current findings support the notion that the supplementation of LMSG with octanoyl enhanced its cellular uptake into fibroblasts and, as a result, regulated the expression of type I collagen in fibroblasts via the activation of the Smad signaling pathway. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of Oct-LMSG in promoting tissue regeneration.

Published
2023
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9. Sexual Dimorphism Using the Interstyloid Distances and Clinical Implication for Elongated Styloid Process in Northeastern Thailand

Author

Sakaew, Waraporn, Arnanteerakul, Tansita, Somintara, Somsuda, Ratanasuwon, Somsiri, Uabundit, Nongnut, Iamsaard, Sittichai, Chaisiwamongkol, Kowit, Chaichun, Amnart, and Hipkaeo, Wiphawi

Subjects
Distancia inter-estiloide Identificación del sexo, Interstyloid distance, Styloid process, Proceso estiloides elongado, Sex identification, Elongated styloid process, Proceso estiloides
Abstract

Skeletal remains are crucial in forensic identification of the sex, especially human skulls including the styloid process, a bony projection from the skull. Hence, the objectives of the present study were undertaken to assess the value of the styloid process for the sex identification of unknown skulls and also to investigate the prevalence of elongated styloid process in 102 human dry skulls from the northeast Thai population. As a result, the interstyloid distances at both base and tip of the styloid processes were found to be significantly different between male and female specimens, although no significant difference was found in the length of the styloid process between males and females. In addition, the occurrence of the elongated styloid process was not associated with the gender, although its prevalent laterality on the left was recognized. It is suggested that the styloid process can be applied to the sex identification by measuring the interstyloid distance at the base or the tip of these processes. Los restos óseos son cruciales para la identificación forense del sexo, especialmente en los cráneos humanos, incluyendo el proceso estiloides, una proyección ósea del cráneo. Por lo tanto, los objetivos del presente estudio consistieron en evaluar el valor del proceso estiloides en la identificación del sexo de cráneos desconocidos y también para investigar la prevalencia del proceso estiloides elongado en 102 cráneos secos humanos de la población del Noreste de Tailandia. Como resultado, se encontró que las distancias inter-estiloides tanto en la base y la punta de los procesos estiloides eran significativamente diferentes entre las muestras de hombres y mujeres, aunque no se encontró diferencia significativa en la presencia del proceso estiloides entre ambos. Además, la aparición del proceso estiloides elongado no se asoció con el sexo, aún cuando se observó su prevalencia en el lado izquierdo. Sugerimos que el proceso estiloides se puede utilizar en la identificación del sexo mediante la medición de la distancia inter-estiloide en la base o en la punta de estos procesos.

Published
2016

10. Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment of a Solid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (S-SMEDDS) of Kaempferia Parviflorain Rats

Author

Tuntiyasawasdikul, Sarunya, Somintara, Somsuda, Mekjaruskul, Catheleeya, Tabboon, Peera, Areemit, Jringjai, and Sripanidkulchai, Bungorn

Abstract

Kaempferia parviflora(KP), renowned as an alternative medicine, has gained widespread acclaim for its efficacy in male sexual enhancement and anti-inflammatory applications. However, methoxyflavones, its primary compound, poses challenges due to inherent low water solubility and limited oral absorption. This study aims to develop a novel solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for KP (KPS-SMEDDS) and to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile and acute toxicity. The liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for KP (KPL-SMEDDS) was formed by combining Neobee® M-5 (90%) with a mixture of surfactant (10%) consisting of Kolliphor® EL and polyethylene glycol 400 in a ratio of 1:2. Consequently, the KPL-SMEDDS was transformed into a powdered form by employing Sipernat® 22S as an absorbent in a 1:1 ratio. The developed formulations were subsequently evaluated for their physicochemical properties, in vitrodissolution tests, and in vivooral absorption in rats by using methoxyflavones as the markers for quantitation. The findings demonstrated that the use of KPL-SMEDDS and KPS-SMEDDS improved the dissolution rate of methoxyflavones in 0.1 N HCl in comparison to KP powder. Comparative analysis revealed that the KPS-SMEDDS exhibited a significantly higher maximum drug concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) values in comparison to the conventional KP extract. Notably, the KPS-SMEDDS formulation at an oral dose of 250 mg/kg remarkably increased the bioavailability of polymethoxyflavones up to 2.7- to 3-fold. Furthermore, acute oral toxicity assessment revealed no statistically significant alterations in clinical observations or biochemical parameters. These compelling findings underlined the potential of the KPS-SMEDDS formulation to augment the absorption and bioavailability of methoxyflavones, establishing its safety as an oral supplement.

Published
2024
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