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1. The economic well-being of nations is associated with positive daily situational experiences

Author: Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thi Thu Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D. I., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki E., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Mottola F., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Thi Thu Bui H., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thi Thu Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D. I., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki E., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Mottola F., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Thi Thu Bui H.
Abstract: People in economically advantaged nations tend to evaluate their life as more positive overall and report greater well-being than people in less advantaged nations. But how does positivity manifest in the daily life experiences of individuals around the world? The present study asked 15,244 college students from 62 nations, in 42 languages, to describe a situation they experienced the previous day using the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). Using expert ratings, the overall positivity of each situation was calculated for both nations and individuals. The positivity of the average situation in each nation was strongly related to the economic development of the nation as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). For individuals’ daily experiences, the economic status of their nation also predicted the positivity of their experience, even more than their family socioeconomic status. Further analyses revealed the specific characteristics of the average situations for higher HDI nations that make their experiences more positive. Higher HDI was associated with situational experiences involving humor, socializing with others, and the potential to express emotions and fantasies. Lower HDI was associated with an increase in the presence of threats, blame, and hostility, as well as situational experiences consisting of family, religion, and money. Despite the increase in a few negative situational characteristics in lower HDI countries, the overall average experience still ranged from neutral to slightly positive, rather than negative, suggesting that greater HDI may not necessarily increase positive experiences but rather decrease negative experiences. The results illustrate how national economic status influences the lives of individuals even within a single instance of daily life, with large and powerful consequences when accumulated across individuals within each nation.
Published: 2023

2. International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries

Author: Baranski, E, Sweeny, K, Gardiner, G, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Buchtel, E, Wai-Lan Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Cecilia, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thu Bui, H, Baranski E., Sweeny K., Gardiner G., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Buchtel E., Wai-Lan Yeung V., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Mastor K., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Cecilia M. G. -C. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M. M., Choi S., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Thu Bui H. T., Baranski, E, Sweeny, K, Gardiner, G, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Buchtel, E, Wai-Lan Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Cecilia, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thu Bui, H, Baranski E., Sweeny K., Gardiner G., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Buchtel E., Wai-Lan Yeung V., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Mastor K., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Cecilia M. G. -C. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M. M., Choi S., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Thu Bui H. T.
Abstract: Objective: The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world. Method: Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables. Results: Worldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances. Conclusions: While individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.
Published: 2021

3. Who in the World Is Trying to Change Their Personality Traits? Volitional Personality Change Among College Students in Six Continents

Author: Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hroebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Polovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Smederevac, S, Hong, R, Barry, O, Halama, P, Musek, J, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Baranski E., Gardiner G., Lee D., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C. E., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Forero D. A., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hroebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Polovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Smederevac S., Hong R., Barry O., Halama P., Musek J., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hroebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Polovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Smederevac, S, Hong, R, Barry, O, Halama, P, Musek, J, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Baranski E., Gardiner G., Lee D., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C. E., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Forero D. A., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hroebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Polovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Smederevac S., Hong R., Barry O., Halama P., Musek J., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Bui H. T. T.
Abstract: Recent research conducted largely in the United States suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals’ active efforts toward personality change, might be common around the world. Through a custom-built website, 13,278 college student participants from 55 countries and one of a larger country (Hong Kong, S.A.R.) using 42 different languages reported whether they were currently trying to change their personality and, if so, what they were trying to change. Around the world, 60.40% of participants reported that they are currently trying to change their personalities, with the highest percentage in Thailand (81.91%) and the lowest in Kenya (21.41%). Among those who provide open-ended responses to the aspect of personality they are trying to change, the most common goals were to increase emotional stability (29.73%), conscientiousness (19.71%), extraversion (15.94%), and agreeableness (13.53%). In line with previous research, students who are trying to change any personality trait tend to have relatively low levels of emotional stability and happiness. Moreover, those with relatively low levels of socially desirable traits reported attempting to increase what they lacked. These principal findings were generalizable around the world
Published: 2021

4. Who in the world is trying to change their personality traits? Volitional personality change among college students in six continents

Author: Baranski E., Gardiner G., Lee D., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C. E., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Forero D. A., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hroebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Polovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Smederevac S., Hong R., Barry O., Halama P., Musek J., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hroebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Polovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Smederevac, S, Hong, R, Barry, O, Halama, P, Musek, J, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Baranski, E., Gardiner, G., Lee, D., Funder, D. C., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, Z., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C. E., Pelletierdumas, M., González, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Buchtel, E. E., Wai-Lan Yeung, V., Forero, D. A., Camargo, A., Jerneic, Z., Hrõebícková, M., Graf, S., Strøbæk, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Lado, V., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Das, A., Lavalekar, A., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramírezesparza, N., Denissen, J., Van Aken, M., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Lekne, Waldal Holen, V., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klæva, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Gastardo- Conaco, M. C., Malaya, D., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., İstinye Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, and Akalin, Pelin Karakus
Subjects: Volition, College Students, Volitional personality change, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, College student, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, Emotions, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Cross-cultural, Personality Disorders, 050105 experimental psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Students, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Personality
Abstract: Recent research conducted largely in the United States suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals' active efforts toward personality change, might be common around the world. Through a custom-built website, 13,278 college student participants from 55 countries and one of a larger country (Hong Kong, S.A.R.) using 42 different languages reported whether they were currently trying to change their personality and, if so, what they were trying to change. Around the world, 60.40% of participants reported that they are currently trying to change their personalities, with the highest percentage in Thailand (81.91%) and the lowest in Kenya (21.41%). Among those who provide open-ended responses to the aspect of personality they are trying to change, the most common goals were to increase emotional stability (29.73%), conscientiousness (19.71%), extraversion (15.94%), and agreeableness (13.53%). In line with previous research, students who are trying to change any personality trait tend to have relatively low levels of emotional stability and happiness. Moreover, those with relatively low levels of socially desirable traits reported attempting to increase what they lacked. These principal findings were generalizable around the world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2021

5. Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

Author: Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Bui H. T. T.
Abstract: What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or "WEIRD" measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or "independent"), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emicetic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's "WEIRD-ness." Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is "WEIRD-er" than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.
Published: 2020

6. Situational experience around the world: A replication and extension in 62 countries

Author: Lee, D, Gardiner, G, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Das, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Lee D. I., Gardiner G., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Das A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Conaco M. C. G., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Lee, D, Gardiner, G, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Das, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Lee D. I., Gardiner G., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Das A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Conaco M. C. G., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., and Stocks E.
Abstract: Objective: The current study seeks to replicate and extend principal findings reported in The World at 7:00, a project that examined the psychological experience of situations in 20 countries. Method: Data were collected from participants in 62 countries (N = 15,318), recruited from universities by local collaborators to complete the study via a custom-built website using 42 languages. Results: Several findings of the previous study were replicated. The average reported situational experience around the world was mildly positive. The same countries tended to be most alike in reported situational experience (r =.60) across the two studies, among the countries included in both. As in the previous study, the homogeneity of reported situational experience was significantly greater within than between countries, although the difference was small. The previously reported exploratory finding that negative aspects of situations varied more across countries than positive aspects did not replicate. Correlations between aspects of reported situational experience and country-level average value scores, personality, and demographic variables were largely similar between the two studies. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of cross-cultural situational research and the need to replicate its results, and highlight the complex interplay of culture and situational experience.
Published: 2020

7. Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

Author: Gardiner G., Lee D., Baranski E., Funder D., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., De Fruyt F., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobak P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Colovic P., Smederevac S., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, De Fruyt, F, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobak, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Colovic, P, Smederevac, S, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Kulich, Clara, Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio, University of Southern California (USC), Department of Psychology [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ha, Shang E, İstinye Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Karakus Akalin, Pelin, Gardiner, Gwendolyn [0000-0001-8118-9164], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Gardiner, G., Lee, D., Baranski, E., Funder, D., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., De Fruyt, F., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., Gonzalez, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Forero, D., Camargo, A., Jerneic, Z., Hrebickova, M., Graf, S., Strobak, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Gamsakhurdi, V. L., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Papastefanakis, E., Kritsotakis, G., Spyridaki, I., Fragkiadaki, E., Buchtel, E. E., Yeung, V. W. -L., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Lavalekar, A., Aurelia, M. Z., Kinayung, D., Gaffar, V., Sullivan, G., Day, C., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramirez-Esparza, N., Denissen, J., Van Aken, M., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Leknes, S., Holen, V. W., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klava, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Espinosa, A., Gastardo-Conaco, M. C., Quinones, D. M. A., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., Kotysko, M., Henriques-Calado, J., Sava, F. A., Lvova, O., Pogrebitskaya, V., Allakhverdov, M., Manichev, S., Barry, O., Colovic, P., Smederevac, S., Mitrovic, D., Oljaca, M., Hong, R., Halama, P., Musek, J., De Kock, F., Han, G., Suh, E. M., Choi, S., Oceja, L., Villar, S., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Kekecs, Z., Arlinghaus, N., Johnson, D. P., O'Donnell, A. K., Buhler, J. L., Kulich, C., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., Allemand, M., Chang, Y. -P., Lin, W., Boonyasiriwat, W., Saribay, A., Somer, O., Akalin, P. K., Baguma, P. K., Vinogradov, A., Zhuravlova, L., Rentfrow, J., Conner, M., Tullett, A., Colman, D. E., Cheng, J. T., Stocks, E., and Bui, H. T. T.
Subjects: Male, Internationality, Social connectedness, Happiness, Emotions, Culture, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Social Sciences, 050109 social psychology, Geographical locations, Theoretical, ddc:150, Sociology, Japan, Models, Schema (psychology), Psychology, Sociocultural evolution, media_common, Members of the International Situations Project, Harmony (color), Multidisciplinary, 05 social sciences, Europe, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Medicine, Female, Social psychology, Human, Research Article, China, Asia, General Science & Technology, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Reproducibility of Result, Happine, Interpersonal communication, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Cross-Cultural Studies, Cross-cultural, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, cross-cultural, happiness, personality, Reproducibility of Results, Biology and Life Sciences, Models, Theoretical, United States, North America, Emic and etic, People and places
Abstract: What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or “WEIRD” measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or “independent”), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emic-etic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country’s “WEIRD-ness.” Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is “WEIRD-er” than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.
Published: 2020

8. Situational experience around the world: A replication and extension in 62 Countries

Author: Lee D. I., Gardiner G., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., González R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Ž., Hrebícková M., Graf S., Strøbæk P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun Á., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Das A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramírez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klæva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Conaco M. C. G., Quiñones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O’Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Bühler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Lee, D. I., Gardiner, G., Baranski, E., Funder, D. C., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., González, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Forero, D., Camargo, A., Papastefanakis, E., Kritsotakis, G., Spyridaki, I., Fragkiadaki, E., Jerneic, Ž., Hrebícková, M., Graf, S., Strøbæk, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Gamsakhurdia, V. L., Rauthmann, J., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Buchtel, E. E., Yeung, V. W. -L., Kun, Á., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Lavalekar, A., Das, A., Aurelia, M. Z., Kinayung, D., Gaffar, V., Sullivan, G., Day, C., Rechter, E., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Komiya, A., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramírez-Esparza, N., Denissen, J., Aken, M. V., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Leknes, S., Holen, V. W., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klæva, K., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Rizwan, M., Espinosa, A., Conaco, M. C. G., Quiñones, D. M. A., Izdebski, P., Kotysko, M., Szarota, P., Henriques-Calado, J., Sava, F. A., Lvova, O., Pogrebitskaya, V., Allakhverdov, M., Manichev, S., Barry, O., Smederevac, S., Colovic, P., Mitrovic, D., Oljaca, M., Hong, R., Halama, P., Musek, J., Kock, F. D., Han, G., Suh, E. M., Choi, S., Gallardo-Pujol, D., Oceja, L., Villar, S., Kekecs, Z., Arlinghaus, N., Johnson, D. P., O’Donnell, A. K., Kulich, C., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., Bühler, J. L., Allemand, M., Chang, Y. -P., Lin, W. -F., Boonyasiriwat, W., Saribay, S. A., Somer, O., Akalin, P. K., Baguma, P. K., Vinogradov, A., Zhuravlova, L., Conner, M., Rentfrow, J., Tullett, A., Sauerberger, K., Colman, D. E., Cheng, J. T., and Stocks, E.
Published: 2020

9. International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries

Author: Baranski E., Sweeny K., Gardiner G., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki I., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Buchtel E., Wai-Lan Yeung V., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Mastor K., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Aken M. V., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Espinosa A., Cecilia M. G. -C. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., Kock F. D., Han G., Suh E. M. M., Choi S., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Thu Bui H. T., University of Zurich, Baranski, Erica, Baranski, E, Sweeny, K, Gardiner, G, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, I, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Buchtel, E, Wai-Lan Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Espinosa, A, Cecilia, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, A, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thu Bui, H, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen, University of Houston, Department of Psychology [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Baranski, E., Sweeny, K., Gardiner, G., Funder, D. C., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, D. S., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C., Pelletier-Dumas, M., Gonzalez, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Forero, D., Camargo, A., Papastefanakis, E., Kritsotakis, G., Spyridaki, I., Fragkiadaki, E., Jerneic, Z., Hrebickova, M., Graf, S., Strobaek, P., Realo, A., Becker, A., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Gamsakhurdia, V. L., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Buchtel, E., Wai-Lan Yeung, V., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Das, A., Lavalekar, A., Aurelia, M. Z., Kinayung, D., Gaffar, V., Sullivan, G., Day, C., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Mastor, K., Kruse, E., Ramirez-Esparza, N., Denissen, J., Aken, M. V., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Leknes, S., Holen, V. W., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klaeva, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Espinosa, A., Cecilia, M. G. -C. C., Quinones, D. M. A., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., Kotysko, M., Henriques-Calado, J., Sava, F. A., Lvova, O., Pogrebitskaya, V., Allakhverdov, M., Manichev, S., Barry, O., Smederevac, S., Colovic, P., Mitrovic, D., Oljaca, M., Hong, R., Halama, P., Musek, J., Kock, F. D., Han, G., Suh, E. M. M., Choi, S., Boonyasiriwat, W., Saribay, A., Somer, O., Akalin, P. K., Baguma, P. K., Vinogradov, A., Zhuravlova, L., Rentfrow, J., Conner, M., Tullett, A., Colman, D. E., Cheng, J. T., Stocks, E., Thu Bui, H. T., Members of the International Situations Project, and Realo, Anu
Subjects: Adult, Male, 050103 clinical psychology, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Well-being, Exploratory research, BF, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Affect (psychology), Gross domestic product, Dispositional optimism, Young Adult, Optimism, cross-cultural, Economic inequality, ddc:150, well-being, Per capita, Personality, Humans, Psychology, Formerly Health & Social Sciences, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 10. No inequality, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Members of the International Situations Project, 3207 Social Psychology, 10093 Institute of Psychology, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, dispositional optimism, Cross-cultural, 16. Peace & justice, 8. Economic growth, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Female, Cognitive Sciences, 150 Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract: Author(s): Baranski, Erica; Sweeny, Kate; Gardiner, Gwendolyn; Members of the International Situations Project; Funder, David C | Abstract: ObjectiveThe current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world.MethodDispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (Nn=n15,185; mean agen=n21.92; 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables.ResultsWorldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances.ConclusionsWhile individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.
Published: 2021

10. Non-suicidal self-injury among Turkish high school students: Its prevalence relationship with psychopathology and suicide probability

Author: Kabukcu Basay, B., primary, Basay, O., additional, Bildik, T., additional, Tamar, M., additional, Somer, O., additional, Ozbaran, B., additional, Kandulu, R., additional, and Aydin, C., additional
Published: 2012
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11. Non-suicidal self-injury among Turkish high school students: Functions, emotion regulation and separation individuation

Author: Kabukcu Basay, B., primary, Bildik, T., additional, Basay, O., additional, Tamar, M., additional, Ozbaran, B., additional, Somer, O., additional, and Aydin, C., additional
Published: 2012
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12. Multi-group latent class analysis and measurement equivalence

Author: Duygu Güngör, Korkmaz, M., and Somer, O.
Abstract: Social and behavioral research relies heavily on group comparison. Empirical demonstration of measurement equivalence is necessary when the attributes are compared. Latent class models are used when attributes are conceptualized as having discrete distributions and when discrete observed variables are used to estimate those distributions. This study illustrates the measurement equivalence in multi-group latent class analysis. Heterogeneous model imposes the same number of latent classes on two or more groups without imposing between-group parameter constraints. Homogeneous model is obtained by constraining the between-group conditional probabilities of the heterogeneous model equal. Measurement equivalence is established by demonstrating that the homogenous model fits the data as good as, if not better than, the heterogeneous model. Otherwise, the analysis moves to the exploratory mode to identify the offending equality constraints. The resultant model, if any, is called partial homogenous model. Using the Love Capacity dimension of Values in Action Inventory, the measurement invariance for latent class analysis is illustrated with a dataset involving 496 female and 237 male college students. A two-class model is chosen to represent both gender groups. Homogenous model was found to be the best fitting model. There was evidence for the equality of conditional probabilities between the groups, however, the equality constraint on unconditional probabilities was not supported, which led to the conclusion that the latent classes have the same meaning in both of the gender groups, i.e., measurement equivalence, but that the prevalence rates are gender specific.

13. The economic well-being of nations is associated with positive daily situational experiences

Author: Gwendolyn Gardiner, Daniel I. Lee, Erica Baranski, David C. Funder, Maite Beramendi, Brock Bastian, Aljoscha Neubauer, Diego Cortez, Eric Roth, Ana Torres, Daniela S. Zanini, Kristina Petkova, Jessica Tracy, Catherine Amiot, Mathieu Pelletier-Dumas, Roberto González, Ana Rosenbluth, Sergio Salgado, Yanjun Guan, Yu Yang, Diego Forero, Andrés Camargo, Emmanouil Papastefanakis, Georgios Kritsotakis, Eirini Spyridaki, Evangelia Fragkiadaki, Željko Jerneić, Martina Hřebíčková, Sylvie Graf, Pernille Strøbæk, Anu Realo, Maja Becker, Christelle Maisonneuve, Sofian El-Astal, Vladimer Lado Gamsakhurdia, John Rauthmann, Matthias Ziegler, Lars Penke, Emma E. Buchtel, Victoria Wai-Lan Yeung, Ágota Kun, Peter Gadanecz, Zoltán Vass, Máté Smohai, Anagha Lavalekar, Meta Zahro Aurelia, Dian Kinayung, Vanessa Gaffar, Gavin Sullivan, Christopher Day, Eyal Rechter, Marco Perugini, Giulio Costantini, Augusto Gnisci, Ida Sergi, Vincenzo Paolo Senese, Francesca Mottola, Tatsuya Sato, Yuki Nakata, Shizuka Kawamoto, Asuka Komiya, Marwan Al-Zoubi, Nicholas Owsley, Chaning Jang, Georgina Mburu, Irene Ngina, Girts Dimdins, Rasa Barkauskiene, Alfredas Laurinavicius, Marijana Markovikj, Eleonara Serafimovska, Khairul A. Mastor, Elliott Kruse, Nairán Ramírez-Esparza, Jaap Denissen, Marcel Van Aken, Ron Fischer, Ike E. Onyishi, Kalu T. Ogba, Siri Leknes, Vera Waldal Holen, Ingelin Hansen, Christian Krog Tamnes, Kaia Klæva, Rukhsana Kausar, Nashi Khan, Muhammad Rizwan, Agustín Espinosa, Maria Cecilia Gastardo-Conaco, Diwa Malaya A. Quiñones, Paweł Izdebski, Martyna Kotyśko, Piotr Szarota, Joana Henriques-Calado, Florin Alin Sava, Olya Lvova, Victoria Pogrebitskaya, Mikhail Allakhverdov, Sergey Manichev, Oumar Barry, Snežana Smederevac, Petar Čolović, Dušanka Mitrović, Milan Oljača, Ryan Hong, Peter Halama, Janek Musek, Francois De Kock, Gyuseog Han, Eunkook M. Suh, Soyeon Choi, David Gallardo-Pujol, Luis Oceja, Sergio Villar, Zoltan Kekecs, Nils Arlinghaus, Daniel P. Johnson, Alice Kathryn O'Donnell, Clara Kulich, Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi, Janina Larissa Bühler, Mathias Allemand, Yen-Ping Chang, Wei-fang Lin, Watcharaporn Boonyasiriwat, S. Adil Saribay, Oya Somer, Pelin Karakus Akalin, Peter Kakubeire Baguma, Alexander Vinogradov, Larisa Zhuravlova, Mark Conner, Jason Rentfrow, Alexa Tullett, Kyle Sauerberger, Douglas E. Colman, Joey T. Cheng, Eric Stocks, Huyen Thi Thu Bui, Gardiner, Gwendolyn, Lee, Daniel I., Baranski, Erica, Funder, David C., Beramendi, Maite, Bastian, Brock, Neubauer, Aljoscha, Cortez, Diego, Roth, Eric, Torres, Ana, Zanini, Daniela S., Petkova, Kristina, Tracy, Jessica, Amiot, Catherine, Pelletier-Dumas, Mathieu, González, Roberto, Rosenbluth, Ana, Salgado, Sergio, Guan, Yanjun, Yang, Yu, Forero, Diego, Camargo, André, Papastefanakis, Emmanouil, Kritsotakis, Georgio, Spyridaki, Eirini, Fragkiadaki, Evangelia, Jerneić, Željko, Hřebíčková, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Strøbæk, Pernille, Realo, Anu, Becker, Maja, Maisonneuve, Christelle, El-Astal, Sofian, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer Lado, Rauthmann, John, Ziegler, Matthia, Penke, Lar, Buchtel, Emma E., Yeung, Victoria Wai-Lan, Kun, Ágota, Gadanecz, Peter, Vass, Zoltán, Smohai, Máté, Lavalekar, Anagha, Aurelia, Meta Zahro, Kinayung, Dian, Gaffar, Vanessa, Sullivan, Gavin, Day, Christopher, Rechter, Eyal, Perugini, Marco, Costantini, Giulio, Gnisci, Augusto, Sergi, Ida, Senese, Vincenzo Paolo, Mottola, Francesca, Sato, Tatsuya, Nakata, Yuki, Kawamoto, Shizuka, Komiya, Asuka, Al-Zoubi, Marwan, Owsley, Nichola, Jang, Chaning, Mburu, Georgina, Ngina, Irene, Dimdins, Girt, Barkauskiene, Rasa, Laurinavicius, Alfreda, Markovikj, Marijana, Serafimovska, Eleonara, Mastor, Khairul A., Kruse, Elliott, Ramírez-Esparza, Nairán, Denissen, Jaap, Van Aken, Marcel, Fischer, Ron, Onyishi, Ike E., Ogba, Kalu T., Leknes, Siri, Holen, Vera Waldal, Hansen, Ingelin, Tamnes, Christian Krog, Klæva, Kaia, Kausar, Rukhsana, Khan, Nashi, Rizwan, Muhammad, Espinosa, Agustín, Gastardo-Conaco, Maria Cecilia, Quiñones, Diwa Malaya A., Izdebski, Paweł, Kotyśko, Martyna, Szarota, Piotr, Henriques-Calado, Joana, Sava, Florin Alin, Lvova, Olya, Pogrebitskaya, Victoria, Allakhverdov, Mikhail, Manichev, Sergey, Barry, Oumar, Smederevac, Snežana, Čolović, Petar, Mitrović, Dušanka, Oljača, Milan, Hong, Ryan, Halama, Peter, Musek, Janek, De Kock, Francoi, Han, Gyuseog, Suh, Eunkook M., Choi, Soyeon, Gallardo-Pujol, David, Oceja, Lui, Villar, Sergio, Kekecs, Zoltan, Arlinghaus, Nil, Johnson, Daniel P., O'Donnell, Alice Kathryn, Kulich, Clara, Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio, Bühler, Janina Larissa, Allemand, Mathia, Chang, Yen-Ping, Lin, Wei-fang, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Saribay, S. Adil, Somer, Oya, Akalin, Pelin Karaku, Baguma, Peter Kakubeire, Vinogradov, Alexander, Zhuravlova, Larisa, Conner, Mark, Rentfrow, Jason, Tullett, Alexa, Sauerberger, Kyle, Colman, Douglas E., Cheng, Joey T., Stocks, Eric, Thi Thu Bui, Huyen, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, and Thi Thu Bui, H
Subjects: Psicología positiva, Subjective well-being, Cultura, Positive psychology, Economic development, Culture, Situational assessment, Socioeconomic statu, Desarrollo económico, General Medicine, Psicología ambiental, Ecological psychology
Abstract: People in economically advantaged nations tend to evaluate their life as more positive overall and report greater well-being than people in less advantaged nations. But how does positivity manifest in the daily life experiences of individuals around the world? The present study asked 15,244 college students from 62 nations, in 42 languages, to describe a situation they experienced the previous day using the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). Using expert ratings, the overall positivity of each situation was calculated for both nations and individuals. The positivity of the average situation in each nation was strongly related to the economic development of the nation as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). For individuals’ daily experiences, the economic status of their nation also predicted the positivity of their experience, even more than their family socioeconomic status. Further analyses revealed the specific characteristics of the average situations for higher HDI nations that make their experiences more positive. Higher HDI was associated with situational experiences involving humor, socializing with others, and the potential to express emotions and fantasies. Lower HDI was associated with an increase in the presence of threats, blame, and hostility, as well as situational experiences consisting of family, religion, and money. Despite the increase in a few negative situational characteristics in lower HDI countries, the overall average experience still ranged from neutral to slightly positive, rather than negative, suggesting that greater HDI may not necessarily increase positive experiences but rather decrease negative experiences. The results illustrate how national economic status influences the lives of individuals even within a single instance of daily life, with large and powerful consequences when accumulated across individuals within each nation. Incluye referencias bibliográficas
Published: 2023

14. Prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury and distinct groups of self-injurers in a community sample of adolescents.

Author: Somer O, Bildik T, Kabukçu-Başay B, Güngör D, Başay Ö, and Farmer RF
Subjects: Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Self-Injurious Behavior psychology, Students psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk-Taking, Self-Injurious Behavior epidemiology, Suicidal Ideation
Abstract: Purpose: Adolescence is an important developmental period for the first onset of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), a behavior known to be associated with elevated suicide risk. Little is currently known, however, about NSSI among adolescents. The primary objectives of this research were to establish the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a representative sample of Turkish high school students and to identify and describe distinct subgroups of self-injurers., Methods: A total of 1656 of 1676 eligible students (98.8 % participation rate) from 18 schools were surveyed during the 2010-2011 academic year. Questionnaires were administered that assessed prior engagement in a variety of self-injurious behaviors, current psychiatric symptoms, suicide-related risk factors, and participation in health-risk behaviors. Latent class analysis (LCA) methods were used to identify distinct groups of self-injurers., Results: Almost one-third of the sample (N = 519) endorsed some previous engagement in NSSI behaviors. In LCA analyses restricted to youth with prior histories of NSSI, four distinct classes were identified characterized by: (1) low rates of NSSI behaviors (29 %); (2) high rates of self-battery (32 %); (3) high rates of self-cutting (19 %); and (4) high rates of multiple NSSI behaviors (19 %). These classes were further distinguished by current psychiatric symptoms, suicide risk factors, and other health-risk behaviors., Conclusions: Findings from the present study indicate that NSSI is a common form of behavior among adolescent youth. There is, however, considerable heterogeneity among those with NSSI histories, with about 40 % at particularly high risk for ongoing distress, future acts of intentional self-harm, and suicidal behavior.
Published: 2015
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15. A Basic Bivariate Structure of Personality Attributes Evident Across Nine Languages.

Author: Saucier G, Thalmayer AG, Payne DL, Carlson R, Sanogo L, Ole-Kotikash L, Church AT, Katigbak MS, Somer O, Szarota P, Szirmák Z, and Zhou X
Subjects: Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Morals, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Culture, Language, Models, Psychological, Personality, Self-Control
Abstract: Here, two studies seek to characterize a parsimonious common-denominator personality structure with optimal cross-cultural replicability. Personality differences are observed in all human populations and cultures, but lexicons for personality attributes contain so many distinctions that parsimony is lacking. Models stipulating the most important attributes have been formulated by experts or by empirical studies drawing on experience in a very limited range of cultures. Factor analyses of personality lexicons of nine languages of diverse provenance (Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Turkish, Greek, Polish, Hungarian, Maasai, and Senoufo) were examined, and their common structure was compared to that of several prominent models in psychology. A parsimonious bivariate model showed evidence of substantial convergence and ubiquity across cultures. Analyses involving key markers of these dimensions in English indicate that they are broad dimensions involving the overlapping content of the interpersonal circumplex, models of communion and agency, and morality/warmth and competence. These "Big Two" dimensions-Social Self-Regulation and Dynamism-provide a common-denominator model involving the two most crucial axes of personality variation, ubiquitous across cultures. The Big Two might serve as an umbrella model serving to link diverse theoretical models and associated research literatures., (© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
Published: 2014
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16. [The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the inventory of statements about self-injury].

Author: Bildik T, Somer O, Kabukçu Başay B, Başay Ö, and Özbaran B
Subjects: Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Students, Turkey epidemiology, Psychometrics, Self-Injurious Behavior prevention & control
Abstract: Objective: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as the repetitive deliberate destruction of one's body tissue without suicidal intent and is frequently repetitive. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS), a measure designed to comprehensively assess non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The ISAS assesses 13 functions of NSSI, as well as the frequency of 12 NSSI behaviors., Method: The ISAS was administered to 529 high school students who had performed at least one NSSI behavior. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the scale were examined; for construct validity, the relationship between the Turkish form of the ISAS and various criteria scales was examined, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted., Results: Consistent with previous research, factor analysis of the functions scale confirmed the good-fit of the original's 2-dimension model (c²=243; s.d. = 59; NCI (c²/sd) = 4; RMSEA = 0.08 (.07-.09); CFI=0.97; NFI=0.97). In order to test the scale for construct validity, the Brief Symptom Inventory and Suicide Probability Scale were administered to participants, in addition to the ISAS, and the correlations with clinical constructs (e.g., suicidality, depression, anxiety) were in the expected direction. Also the reliability analysis revealed that the ISAS subscales demonstrated high internal consistency., Conclusion: In the light of the findings, it was concluded that the Turkish version of ISAS could be used as a reliable and valid tool in assessing non-suicidal self-injury in research and treatment contexts.
Published: 2013

17. Parental recall of pre-school behavior related to ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder.

Author: Ercan ES, Somer O, Amado S, and Thompson D
Subjects: Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders diagnosis, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder diagnosis, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity psychology, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders etiology, Mental Recall, Parents psychology
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of Age of Onset Criterion (AOC) to the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorder. For this purpose, a 10-item Likert-type Parent Assessment of Pre-school Behavior Scale (PARPS), developed by the experimenters, was used to examine the presence of ADHD related pre-school behaviors in a sample of 246 children. Factor analysis and correlational analysis imply the continuity of ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder from pre-school to the elementary school years. Discriminant analysis was used to examine the diagnostic capabilities of PARPS, both by itself, and in conjunction with a battery of widely used diagnostic and clinical ADHD and disruptive behavior scales. The results of this study suggest that PARPS is a short and user-friendly scale that can contribute to the examination of the presence of AOC in ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder.
Published: 2005
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18. The structure of Turkish trait-descriptive adjectives.

Author: Somer O and Goldberg LR
Subjects: Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Turkey, Cooperative Behavior, Interpersonal Relations, Vocabulary
Abstract: This description of the Turkish lexical project reports some initial findings on the structure of Turkish personality-related variables. In addition, it provides evidence on the effects of target evaluative homogeneity vs. heterogeneity (e.g., samples of well-liked target individuals vs. samples of both liked and disliked targets) on the resulting factor structures, and thus it provides a first test of the conclusions reached by D. Peabody and L. R. Goldberg (1989) using English trait terms. In 2 separate studies, and in 2 types of data sets, clear versions of the Big Five factor structure were found. And both studies replicated and extended the findings of Peabody and Goldberg; virtually orthogonal factors of relatively equal size were found in the homogeneous samples, and a more highly correlated set of factors with relatively large Agreeableness and Conscientiousness dimensions was found in the heterogeneous samples.
Published: 1999
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18. The structure of Turkish trait-descriptive adjectives.

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