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The aim of the present study is to investigate the spatial changes of seasonal ETo in Iran in the future (2020– 2050), based on SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios of CMIP6 models (MRI-ESM2 and GFDLESM4) compared to the observed data (1992–2014). The FAO56-PM method was used to estimate ETo, and the CV was utilized to investigate the changes. The results showed that ETO will decrease in all seasons across the country under all GFDL-ESM4 scenarios (except winter under SSP5-8.5). However based on the scenarios of the MRI-ESM2 model for 2020–2050, the amount of ETO will increase in the southeastern and southern regions in winter, but in the northwest, west, east, and areas corresponding to the Zagros highlands, ETo will decrease. In spring and summer, ETo will increase in the Caspian Coast, northeastern, western and interior areas of Iran, and even in the northwest (in summer). In the fall, ETO will increase in the eastern and western regions of the country, east of the Caspian Sea and the northern Iranian plateau. Fall, summer, winter and spring, respectively, represent the highest levels of spatial changes in ETo, but it will expand only according to the MRI-ESM2 model in the winter (21% – 25%) under SSP1-2.6. Other seasons show fewer changes than in the past, based on models. Accordingly, the need for detailed planning in water resource management is emphasized, especially in the southern and eastern parts of Iran toward the inner areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sakineh Soltani Kouhbanani,1 Seyedeh Manizheh Arabi,2 Somayeh Zarenezhad,1 Razieh Khosrorad3 1Department of Educational Sciences, Educational Sciences and Psychology Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; 2Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; 3Department of Health Education, Educational Neuroscience Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IranCorrespondence: Razieh KhosroradDepartment of Health Education, Educational Neuroscience Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IranTel +98 930 668 1173Fax +98 51 4401 8424Email khosroradr@medsab.ac.irPurpose: Research shows an atypical cognitive process in children with nonverbal learning disorder (NLD) compared to typically developing children, but a wealth of information indicates that physical activity can influence cognitive processes. However, little is known about the effects of perceptual-motor training and its impact on the cognitive process of children with NLD. Thus, the major goals of this study are to compare the executive functions (EFs) in children with NLD with typically developing children and then to investigate the effect of perceptual-motor training on EFs of children with NLD.Methods: To achieve the first goal, 400 typically developing (IQ > 80) and NLD children (7– 13 years old) were randomly selected in the city of Mashhad, Iran, during the period 2017– 2018. As for the second goal, 50 children with NLD were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. To evaluate executive functions, Delis–Kaplan executive function system test was used at the pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up. The experimental group received the Werner and Reini’s perceptual-motor training program in sixteen 45-min sessions (three sessions per week), but the control group did not receive any intervention.Results: The results showed that children with NLD were significantly weaker than typically developing children in London Tower Test (t (38) = − 4.662, p < 0.01), Trail Making Test (t (33.926) = − 3.11, p < 0.01), Card Sorting Test (t (38) = − 3.427, p < 0.01), and Stroop Color Test (t (30.035) = − 5.876, p < 0.01). The Pilates training had an obvious effect on enhancing the performance of participants in the experimental group (p< 0.001), but similar results were not observed in the control group.Conclusion: Children with NLD have problems in EFs, but perceptual-motor training can be used as an effective intervention for these children.Keywords: physical activity, cognitive processing, executive function, nonverbal learning disorder

Manizheh Arabi,1 Alireza Saberi Kakhki,1 Mehdi Sohrabi,1 Sakineh Soltani Kouhbanani,2 Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi3 1Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; 2Department of Educational Sciences, Educational Sciences and Psychology Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; 3Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranCorrespondence: Alireza Saberi KakhkiFaculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranTel +98 051 3880 5418Fax +98 051 3880 7381Email askakhki@um.ac.irPurpose: Investigation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is somewhat dependent on addressing main core features of ASD. But it is not clear which kind of investigation can effect on more difficulties features. So, this study examines the effect of the visuomotor, motor, and computer-based training programs on social behavior, motor skills, and repetitive behaviors of children with ASD.Patients and methods: Sixty children with ASD aged 6–12 years were recruited and assigned to one of the three experimental groups and the control group (each group n=15). Training was provided in 30 sessions, scheduled 3 times a week. Social behavior and repetitive behaviors were determined objectively using the observation method, and motor skills were evaluated by the Test of Gross Motor Development-2.Results: Our results suggested that children in the visuomotor group showed a significant reduction in the repetitive behaviors and an increase in gross motor skill scores in the post-test and follow-up. Also, the results exhibited that motor training group significantly improved in social behavior either in the post-test or follow-up. Although the post-test illustrated a considerable improvement of gross motor skills, this difference was not significant in follow-up. Similarly, no significant change was observed in visual training and control groups in relation to study variables.Conclusion: Given the improvement of repetitive behaviors and gross motor skills in post-test and follow-up, it seems that this investigation had a positive effect with a good retention effect on two core features of children with ASD. But according to group-based training protocol in motor training group and improvement in social communication, and mutual effect on gross motor skills, it seems that group-based practice can also be used to achieve the benefits of social communication in the investigations.Keywords: autism disorder, social behavior, repetitive behaviors, gross motor skills

Based on chemical analyses, the quality of ground waters for drinking, agricultural and industrial purposes was determined in Rafsanjan Plain-Iran. Samples for analyses were taken from 22 wells in 2012. Because of high water hardness and total dissolved solids content, water was found to be unsuitable for drinking purposes. Water quality for agriculture was determined with the use of the Wilcox method. Among the analysed water, 10.33% were attributed to C3-S1 class (high electrolytic conductivity and low sodium adsorption ratio), 59.5% to class C4-S1 (very high EC and low SAR) and 30.17% to class C4-S2 (very high EC and medium SAR). 89.67% of studied wells were unsuitable for agriculture. Because of corrosive water properties all but two wells on Rafsanjan Plain were undesirable for use in the industry. The results of qualitative analyses were presented in GIS and in databases to support making decision and management of groundwater on Rafsanjan Plain.

We retrospectively analyzed our laboratory reports of tissue-specific autoantibodies (TSA) in 38 patients with alopecia areata (AA) and 31 patients with vitiligo. These reports were based on standard indirect immunofluorescence (IF) procedures, employing monkey tissues as substrates. One or more TSA were detected in 39% of serum samples. Thyroid ( microsomal and/or thyroglobulin) antibodies had the highest occurrence rate and, as compared with the normal population, were detected at a greater frequency in both vitiligo and AA. Over half (58%) of our patients with vitiligo had one or more detectable TSA, while only 28% of patients with AA had such antibodies. When compared with the normal population, the occurrence rate of TSA was higher in patients with vitiligo. The only remarkable finding in AA was a higher than normal occurrence rate of antithyroid antibodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A patient with characteristic clinical, histopathological, ultrastructural and family history of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) developed large acquired nevocytic nevi at the sites of some healing blisters. An isomorphic reaction may have initiated the development of these nevi. Such large acquired nevi should be considered in the differential diagnosis of large and giant congenital nevi which have the potential to evolve into malignant melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the roles of endogenous opioid peptides and histamine in the pathophysiology of alcohol-induced facial flushing in rosacea. Non-diabetic patients with rosacea ingested 360 ml of 6% ethanol after receiving either subcutaneous naloxone hydrochloride or oral chloropheniramine maleate. Only pretreatment with naloxone blocked the alcohol-induced rosacea flushing (AIRF), suggesting an active role of endogenous enkephalin and/or endorphin in this vascular reactivity. In this respect, AIRF is similar to chlorpropamide alcohol flushing and menopausal flushing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mammary hamartomas are rare, benign, and often under-diagnosed breast lesions comprised of glandular, adipose, muscular, and fibrotic encapsulated components which occur more commonly among perimenopausal women. The term hamartoma was initially coined by Arrigoni in 1971 to describe breast lesions with clinical resemblance to fibroadenomas. The proper diagnosis of breast hamartoma is confirmed through using multiple radiologic and pathologic modalities. Hamartomas rarely progress into malignancy with only a few cases reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of a highly suspicious lesion developing within a breast hamartoma in a 46-year-old woman with radiologic features of a malignant lesion with benign pathology., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

Identifying the underlying cause of unexplained syncope is crucial for appropriate management of recurrent syncopal episodes. Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) have emerged as valuable diagnostic tools for monitoring patients with unexplained syncope. However, the predictors of pacemaker requirement in patients with ILR and unexplained syncope remain unclear. In this study, we shed light on these prognostic factors. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL were systematically searched until May 04, 2023. Studies that evaluated the predictors of pacemaker requirement in patients with implantable loop recorder and unexplained syncope were included. The "Quality In Prognosis Studies" appraisal tool was used for quality assessment. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated. The publication bias was evaluated using Egger's and Begg's tests. Ten studies (n = 4200) were included. Right bundle branch block (OR: 3.264; 95% CI: 1.907-5.588, p < .0001) and bifascicular block (OR: 2.969; 95% CI: 1.859-4.742, p < .0001) were the strongest predictors for pacemaker implantation. Pacemaker requirement was more than two times in patients with atrial fibrillation, sinus bradycardia and first degree AV block. Valvular heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were also significantly more in patients with pacemaker implantation. Age (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.560; 95% CI: 0.410/0.710, p < .0001) and PR interval (SMD: 0.351; 95% CI: 0.150/0.553, p = .001) were significantly higher in patients with pacemaker requirement. Heart conduction disorders, atrial arrhythmias and underlying medical conditions are main predictors of pacemaker device implantation following loop recorder installation in unexplained syncopal patients., (© 2024 The Authors. Clinical Cardiology published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC.)

Background: The effect of obesity in different glucose tolerance statuses i.e. normoglycemia (NGT), pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality has been an area of ongoing debate and uncertainty. In the present study, we aimed to examine the impact of being obese, whether general or central separately, in comparison with non-obese in different glucose tolerance statuses on the above outcomes., Methods: The study population included 18,184 participants aged 30-60 years (9927 women) from three longitudinal studies, including Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Glucose tolerance status was defined as NGT (fasting plasma glucose < 5.55 mmol/L), pre-diabetes (5.55-7.00 mmol/L), and T2DM (≥ 7 mmol/L or taking any medication for diabetes). Moreover, general and central obesity were defined based on body mass index and waist circumference (WC), respectively. Multivariable stratified Cox regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs (95% CI)) for CVD and mortality events., Results: During a 16-year follow-up, 2733 CVD events, 1101 CV mortality, and 3678 all-cause mortality events were recorded. We observed that being generally obese in comparison with non-obese increased the risk of CV and all-cause mortality in all glucose tolerance statuses; while considering CVD events, only among individuals with T2DM, the presence of general obesity was associated with marginally significant higher risk [1.19 (0.98-1.43); p-value = 0.07]. Regarding central adiposity, multivariate analysis revealed that elevated WC in NGT participants is associated with incident CVD [1.27(1.12-1.46)] and all-cause mortality [1.13(1.00-1.28)]. Moreover, central adiposity increased the risk of CV mortality in pre-diabetes individuals [1.47 (1.11-1.95)]., Conclusion: Findings from this pooled prospective cohort studies provide evidence that general obesity shows an unfavorable association with CV and all-cause mortality among the general population irrespective of their glucose tolerance statusThe findings imply that it's important to take into account the requirement and magnitude of weight reduction in people who are obese when offering guidance., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Insecta: Blattodea, Blattellidae), which occurs widely in human buildings, is a small cockroach species. Cockroach control chemical pesticides are toxic to the environment, and it is sometimes impossible to prevent them. Controlling Blattella germanica through ultrasonic waves can be efficient and less dangerous for the environment., Methods: In this study, the repellency and lethal effect of ultrasonic waves on male and female German cockroaches was tested in a twin glass cubic chamber at laboratory condition. The wave frequencies tested ranged from 20 to 100kHz with 5kHz steps. A signal generator generated these frequencies, and the piezoelectric transmitter of these ultrasonic waves was positioned in the chamber's center on the upper side., Results: Fisher's test showed that there was the greatest repellency effect in both male and female at frequencies of 35 and 40kHz. According to the results of the regression test, the most lethal effect is at the frequencies of 40 and 75kHz., Conclusion: The operating ultrasonic frequencies investigated in this study can be used to repel and kill German cockroaches as pests endangering human health and environment., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement The authors declare there is no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)