Search

Taher Azimi,1,2 Maryam Zamirnasta,3 Mahmood Alizadeh Sani,4,5 Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal,6 Ahmad Nasser3,6,7 1Pediatric Infections Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran; 4Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Environmental health Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran; 5Students Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 6Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 7Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, IranCorrespondence: Ahmad NasserClinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Science, P.O. Box 14473-13324, Ilam, IranTel +98 9166438900Email a-nasser@razi.tums.ac.irAbstract: Salmonella can be categorized into many serotypes, which are specific to known hosts or broadhosts. It makes no difference which one of the serotypes would penetrate the gastrointestinal tract because they all face similar obstacles such as mucus and microbiome. However, following their penetration, some species remain in the gastrointestinal tract; yet, others spread to another organ like gallbladder. Salmonella is required to alter the immune response to sustain its intracellular life. Changing the host response requires particular effector proteins and vehicles to translocate them. To this end, a categorized gene called Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) was developed; genes like Salmonella pathogenicity island encode aggressive or modulating proteins. Initially, Salmonella needs to be attached and stabilized via adhesin factor, without which no further steps can be taken. In this review, an attempt has been made to elaborate on each factor attached to the host cell or to modulating and aggressive proteins that evade immune systems. This review includes four sections: (A) attachment factors or T3SS- independent entrance, (B) effector proteins or T3SS-dependent entrance, (c) regulation of invasive genes, and (D) regulation of immune responses.Keywords: Salmonella, effector proteins, immune response, T3SS, pathogenesis

Background and Objective: Yersinia is a gram-negative bacillus that cause diarrhea through consumption of contaminated food and water. This study was performed to identify the atypical Yersinia virulence markers isolated from children with diarrhea. Methods: This descriptive cross -sectional study was done on 384 fecal samples of 0- 14 years old children admitted at children medical center from August 2011 to August of 2012. Fecal samples, for the enrichment, after 21 days of incubation in alkaline buffer with pH=7.2 at 4degree C, on days 7, 14 and 21 samples were cultured on CIN agar and Mac agar and then confirm the differentiation atypical Yersinia from other typical Yersinia species from fermentation of different sugars. Isolates were tested for marker of virulence including calcium dependence, auto agglutination, Congo red uptake and binding of crystal violet. Results: Out of 384 stool samples, 4 (1.04%) were infected with Yersinia (Yersinia frederikseni, Yersinia kristensenii and Yersinia enterocolitica). Out of these three, only two samples in association was positive with virulence markers. Conclusion: Phenotypic markers can be used to study the properties of phenotypic strains of Yersinia.

Background and Objective: Probiotics are beneficial organisms therapeutic within microbial flora. Shigella, Escherichia coli and Salmonella are the most common cause of intestinal infectious diseases that lead to morbidity and mortality in infant and children worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-microbial activity of Lactobacillus acidophillus and Lactobacillus ruteri against entero-pathoges by in vitro and in vivo methods. Methods: In this experimental study, the therapeutic effect of the lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and ruteri ATCC 23272 against Shigella sonnei ATCC 9290, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica BAA-708 were evaluated by in vitro (spot agar) and in vivo (BALB/c mice) methods. Weight improvment and survival rate in mice were recorded. Results: Lactobacillus acidophillus and ruteri had protective and therapeutic effect against diarrhea caused by pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics reduced the weight, colonization of pathogens and increased the survival rate of animals (P

Background and Objective: Yersinia enterocolitica is a worldwide pathogen belong to genus Yersinia. The association between acute childhood diarrhea and other diseases caused by Yersinia enterocolitica has been established by several researchers. Due to the lack of sufficient information on other pathogenic Yersinia species, this study was done to determine the prevalence and the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of atypical Yersinia spp isolated from children, less than 14 years old. Methods: This descriptive cross - sectional study was carried on 384 children with diarrhea whom referred to the Tehran children medical center, Tehran, Iran during August 2011 to August 2012. 384 fecal specimens of children were transferd to the laboratory and cold enrichment in alkaline buffer with pH of 7.2 for 21 days. The samples were cultured in Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin Agar (CIN) differential media in 7, 14, and 21 days. The identification of Yersinia species were carried out by conventional procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility test to Ciprofloxacin, Co-trimoxazole, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Penicillin were determined by standard disk diffusion method. Results: Out of 384 fecal samples, 3 (0.7%) were infected with Yersinia. Three species of Yersinia were Y.enterocolitica, Y.Kristensenii and Y.frederiksenii. All three strains were sensitive to Cotrimoxazole, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. Conclusion: This study showed that atypical Yersinia play important role in diarrhea. Therefore, more attention should be noticed to atypical Yersinia species in addition to Yersinia enterocolitica.

Background and Objective: Gastroenteritis due to Salmonella is common in human and considered as a global dilemma of public health. This study was done to determine the Pattern of serotyping and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in children with diarrhea in Iran. Methods: In this laboratory study, 306 stool samples were collected from children with diarrhea in public health centers in Robat-karim, Tehran province, Iran. The specimens were enriched in Selenite F medium and then cultured on Hekton agar. The identification of Salmonella was carried out by conventional method and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to CLSI procedures. Results: Out of 306 stool samples, 7.2 % were identified as Salmonella species, as follow: 7 Salmonella typhi, 6 Salmonella paratyphi B, 3 Salmonella paratyphi C, 2 Salmonella paratyphi A and 4 samples were not identifiable. There was a significant relation between presence of WBC in fecal and salmonellosis (P

Background and Objective: Klebsiella species are gram-negative bacteria with positive voges proskauer (VP) reaction. Klebsiella species are found as commensal in human digestive and respiratory system. This group of organisms can create a serious health hazards in hospitalized patients, and their ability to drug resistance is a major health problems. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of Ciprofloxacin, Ceftizoxims and Carbenicillin on Klebsiella species isolated from hospital specimens. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, 1200 clinical samples were isolated from patients in Imam Khomeini hospital, Tehran, Iran. The identification Klebsiella species were carried out according to conventional biochemical tests. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carbenicillin, ceftizoxime, and ciprofloxacin antibiotics were determined using Macrodilution broth test. Results: Out of 1200 isolated samples, 25% were identified as Klebsiella species. 73% of identified Klebsiella were obtained from urine samples. Klebsiella.peumoniae with rate of 94% was the most abundant among other species. The results of MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration by using standard microdilution method showed drug resistance range of 16-1024 μg/ml, 4-256 μg/ml and 0.25-16 μg/ml for carbenicillin, ceftizoxime, and ciprofloxacin, respectivley. In general, 94%, 6% and 1% of species were resistance to carbenicillin, ceftizoxime and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin and Ceftizoxime are suitable for the treatment of infections due to Klebsiella species.

Background: Several reports indicate that the probiotics can increase body resistance against malignant tumors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Lactobaci-llus reuteri Persian type culture collection (PTCC) 1655 in preventing tumor growth, improving weight and survival rate in mice with breast cancer.Methods: Twenty mice, the BALB/c at six weeks age, weighing approximately 17 gram were divided into two groups. Oral administration of 500 micro liters of Lactobacillus reuteri suspension performed for the first group 14 days before tumor transplantation. The second group (control) received the same volume of phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Then the mice had tumor transplantation surgery. Lactobacillus reuteri was prescribed in the first group in seven-day period and three-day interruption pattern. At the same time the second group (control) received PBS. This process was continued until 45 day. The tumor growth, histology and body weight were evaluated in both group and the mortality of mice was recorded.Results: In the mice transplanted tumors that had received probiotics, tumor growth decreased in comparison with control group. In this group the body weight increased (P>0/05). In addition, the survival of these mice had significantly increased compared to control group (P=0.002). The evaluation of tumor tissue also showed increased immune system function in mice receiving the probiotic (P>0/05).Conclusion: Lactobacillus reuteri can improve immune system function and have an important role to help treatment of cancer.

Background: Probiotic microorganisms are living normal flora of human body that have nutritional value and health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. The health benefits include prevention of bacterial diarrhea, skin eczema and recently understood, prevention and control of various cancers, as well. Different mechanisms such as stimulating the immune system, modifying the composition of gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract normal flora and prevention of the carcinogenic activity of fecal enzymes have been identified for their probiotic activity. Due to the high density of the normal flora in the gut and also preferentially sporadic nature of colorectal cancers, these cancers are among the main candidates of treatment trials with probiotics. In this study, direct effects of probiotic lactobacilli on colon cancer tumor cells were studied. Methods: Supernatant fluid and bacterial extracts were prepared and CaCo-2 cells were treated by these materials. Subsequently, the effects of the aforesaid elements were evaluated on cell proliferation, cell necrosis and cell apoptosis by MTT assay, LDH assay and caspase-3 activity. Results: The supernatants of lactobacilli decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis but they did not have any effect on cell necrosis. In contrast, when cancerous cells were treated by lactobacilli extract, it lead to cell necrosis in addition to reduction in cell proliferation and increase in cell apoptosis. Conclusion: The use of lactobacillus probiotics may reduce proliferation of tumor cells in the early stages of colorectal cancers.

Background: Regarding the immunomodulatory effects of lactobacillus bacteria, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri, as probiotic bacteria, on natural killer cell cytotoxicity and tumor-specific lymphocyte proliferation in Balb/c mice with breast adenocarcinoma. Methods: A total of 30 female mice, aged 6- 8 weeks and with a weight of approximately 17- 19 g, were randomly divided into two groups of 15 mice. The case group received Lactobacillus reuteri at a dose of 2.7× 108 bacteria in half a milliliter of sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and the control group only received PBS. The probiotic group received the regimen for two weeks prior to tumor transplantation, as they did for 30 days after transplantation with three-day intervals and durations of seven days. For the evaluation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity and also tumor-specific lymphocyte proliferation response, LDH and BrdU assays were performed respectively according to the manufacturers' instructions. Results: The study showed that the mice in the case group which were receiving Lactobacillus reuteri had statistically significant differences in the replication of tumor -specific lymphocytes, natural killer cell cytotoxicity and delayed hypersensitivity responses Compared to the mice in the control group. Conclusion: Daily consumption of probiotics seems to regulate the immune system and consequently it can be helpful in people with cancer. Moreover, consumption of probiotics in healthy individuals can also boost the efficiency of the immune system against a variety of abnormalities.

Abstract Background and objectives: Helicobacter pylori is a helical gram negative bacterium with polar flagella, discovered by Warren and Marshall in 1983. Helicobacter pylori exist in the stomach mucus tissue of less than 20% of people under 30 years old, but this amount would increase up to 40% and 60% in 60- year- old people. The aim of this study was to compare three methods of culture media, direct slide staining and the urease test for the rapid diagnosis of bacterium in case of peptic or duodenal ulcer. Material and Methods: In This descriptive study, duplicate biopsy specimens were taken from 82 clients referring to four different Hospitals .In endoscopy room of the Hospitals, a rapid urease test were carried out on one of duplicate specimens for the presence or non-presence of Helicobacter pylori. In order to see the Helicobacter pylori in the tissues, three slides using foushin, giemsa, and gram staining were prepared from the second specimens. Then, the specimens were incubated into selective culture media and incubated for 4-6 days in micoraerophilic condition. Results: Of 82 tested specimens 70(85.5%) and 66(80.5%) are identified as Helicobacter pylori by positive urease and culture medium, respectively. The frequency of foushin, giemsa, and gram staining are 67 (81.7%), 66 (80.5%), and 61 (74.4%), respectively. The foushin staining is the best with 100% sensitivity among the other methods. Conclusion: Based on difference between proportions, There is no significant difference between staining methods (foshin, giemsa, gram staining) and culture media in all cases. Key words: Helicobacter pylori, microscopic methods, urease test, culture media, identification

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal" mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0 mso-style-noshow:yes mso-style-priority:99 mso-style-qformat:yes mso-style-parent:"" mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt mso-para-margin:0cm mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt mso-pagination:widow-orphan font-size:11.0pt font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif" mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman" mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin mso-bidi-font-family:Arial mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi} Background: Human amniotic membrane (HAM) forms the inner wall of the membranous sac that surrounds and protects the embryo during gestation. The main advantages of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in the treatment of bacterial keratitis are its epithelial bandage properties. Previous studies have documented the presence of some antimicrobial proteins and peptides in amniotic fluid such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, bactericidal or permeability increasing protein, calprotectin (MRP8/14 protein complex), LL37, and neutrophil defensins (Human Neutrophil Peptides, HNP 1-3). Furthermore, the amniotic membrane does not express HLA-A, B, C or DR surface antigens, which may help avoid rejection after its transplantation. Thus, it can be used as a biological immune barrier. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the amniotic membrane's healing properties in rabbits with pseudomonas keratitis.Methods : By using an animal model, 14 rabbits were divided into two groups of controls and cases. A syringe was used to inoculate the corneal stroma of the animals by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853. After 20 hours pseudomonas keratitis was created and amniotic membrane was transplanted to the cornea of the case group. The infiltration size were observed on the first, third and seventh days after the experiment.Results : Corneal perforation was seen in the controls (P

"nBackground: Numerous use of Beta Lactame in treatment of bacterial infections resulted in increments of drug resistance of such bacteria. One of difficulties in treatment of hospital infections is Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) among isolated clinical strains of E.coli. Since some of ESBL strains shows double reaction in drug sensitivity test at in vitro and in vivo condition, therefore it makes difficulties in selection of right treatment. In the last years, CTX-M enzymes have become the most prevalent ESBLs in worldwide. The prevalence of ESBL types largely remains unknown in many parts of the Iran. This study was made to find the prevalence of ESBL-producing E.coli and molecular detection of CTX-M-1 in Tabriz."n "nMethods: In the present study, 400 urine samples collected between November 2009 and April 2010, from Tabriz Hospitals were studied. Out of the 400 samples, 188 E.coli isolates were detected by standard biochemical tests. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was tested to 10 antibiotics by the disk agar diffusion (DAD) method. ESBL production was screened by phenotypic test that included both separate and combined disk agar diffusion techniques. The screened isolates were investigated by PCR assay to detect CTX-M-1 gene."n "nResults: From the total 188 E.coli isolates, 82 (43.6%) were shown to produce ESBLs by phenotypic test. During the PCR method on the 82 isolates, 69 (84.1%) were confirmed as CTX-M-1 producing group."n "nConclusion: The present study showed that CTX-M-producing isolates were increasing among E.coli strains and indicated the need for adequate susceptibility tests in laboratories for choosing the appropriate antibiotics for treatment.

"n 800x600 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} Background: Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in clinical isolates frequently results from the production of β-lactamase enzymes. In recent years, the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamase have greatly increased, especially in clinically isolated Escherichia coli. On the other hand, beta lactamase genes have several subfamilies and designing universal primers could be valuable in their detection. The beta-lactamase-producing E. coli which is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics may pose a great risk to the patients. The CTX-M-1 gene is responsible for beta lactamase resistance. The purpose of this study was to find the percentage of CTX-M-1 carrying E. coli strains."n"n Methods: A total of 500 urine samples were collected from different hospitals in Tehran, Iran during September to February 2009. The samples were cultured on EMB agar and incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. Some biochemical tests were carried out on the isolated samples. The presence of CTX-M-1 gene was determined by PCR on the isolates already identified phenotypically by disk diffusion agar and combined disks."n"n Results: In general, 200 out of the initial 500 samples were identified as E. coli, among which 128 (79.5%) were ESBLs producing strains. PCR used for the detection of CTX-M-1 gene, showed that 99 (77.34%) out of 128 isolates contained such gene."n"n Conclusion: The results of this study showed a high percentage of β-lactamase resistant E. coli strains. This is a serious matter and would pose a public hazard and every step should be taken to avoid such hazard.

"nBackground: Beta- lactamase enzymes are the most important resistant factors to beta lactam antibiotics among gram negative bacteria. Nowadays, the prevalence of beta- lactamase infection is increasing worldwide and drawn the scientists attention as an important subject. Due to high prevalence of bacteria contained TEM beta lactamase and AmpC enzymes, using molecular methods especially designing universal primers could be valuable to detect all of them. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TEM and AmpC (Dha and MOX) beta- lactamase genes using universal primers. "nMethods: A total of 500 clinical specimens from various Hospitals in Tehran, Iran were collected and analyzed for E. coli based on biochemical tests. These clinical specimens were also screened by Disk diffusion agar, combined disk method and PCR to detect the samples producing extended- spectrum beta- lactamase. "nResults: Overall 200 isolates of Escherichia coli were collected from the 500 clinical specimens out of which 128(64%) isolates were positive by PCR assay and showed bla- TEM, bla- AmpC (Dha, MOX) genes, 74(57.8%) and 5(3.9%) to have bla- TEM and bla Dha, respectively. Mox gene was not detected in any of the specimens. "nConclusions: Our results revealed that using the molecular methods with phenotype methods is very essential for complete detection of Beta- lactamases. There is the need for updating the treatment protocol because the prevalence of this resistance is increasing.

"n Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background: In according to immunomodulatory effect of probiotics and effect of these bacteria on the effectiveness of immune responses, at the present work we proposed the evaluation of oral administration of L.acidophilus on the immune statues in BALB/c mice bearing breast cancer."n"nMethods: A total of 30 In-bred BALB/c mices aged from six to eight weeks weighting 25-30g were randomly enrolled in our study, in two groups each consist of 15 mices. The L.acidophilus ATCC4356 strain used in this study was inoculated in MRS broth and cultivated for a day at 37°C under anaerobic conditions, collected by centrifugation and resuspend in Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). After preparation of proper amount of these suspensions it was orally administered to the mice with a gastric feeding, Control mices received an equal volume of PBS in duration of study."n"nResults: Results showed the increase in production of IFnγ (p

"nBackground: Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen throughout the world. Enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 are important virulence factors and as pyrogenic toxin superantigens have profound effects on the ir host. Thus circulation of TSST1 producing S.aureus among people and food chain is a worrying issue. The present paper was conducted to study Prevalence of tst, entC, entA and entA/C genes in staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different foods. "n"nMethods: Over 1040 food samples have been analyzed differentially according to Iran national standard (number= 1194) for S.aureus identification. After DNA extraction, PCR reactions were carried out by reference strain as positive control, adequate primers. "n"nResults: At present study, prevalence of foodstuffs contaminated by S.aureus isolates was about 9.5% (100 strains). Of 25% of isolates producing entC, 28% (seven strains) had tst gene at the same time and of 8% of isolates producing entA, 12.5% (one strain) were positive for tst genes simultaneously. Altogether of 9% isolates producing combination of entC and entA, 44.4% (four strains) were also producer of tst gene. "n"nConclusion: Prevalence of TSST1 producing strains in combination with enterotoxin genes is considerable especially with entC and A plus C. On the other hand, circulation of these isolates in humans, animals, foods and environment has hazardous effect for general public health.

"nBackground: Clindamycin is a suitable antibiotic for treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. Moreover, it can suppress toxin production in many pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus. There are two mechanisms of resistance in this antibiotic. Constitutive resistance can be detected by standard disk diffusion method but in the case of inducible resistance, D-test should be carried out. The main aim of this study is to determine prevalence of clindamycin inducible resistance among methicillin resistant and susceptible isolates of S. aureus isolated from different clinical samples. "nMethods: A total of 87 clinical isolates from clinical samples were collected. Methicillin resistance was determined using standard disk diffusion method. Subsequently, D-test was carried out according to CLSI guideline. Presence of the sea gene (enterotoxin A) was detected by PCR using specific primers. "nResults: Out of 87 isolates, 18(20.7%) were clindamycin inducible resistant while constitutive resistance was detected among 21(24.1%) isolates. The 95% Confidence intervals for the proportion of inducible clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of S. aureus was 12.2% to 29.2%. The inducible phenotype in MRSA isolates was more common than that of MSSA isolates (33.3% vs 5.1%).Significant differences were found between prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance and type of infection (p=0.045). Importantly, there was a significant correlation between sea gene and the constitutive/inducible resistance (p

Introduction and objectives: Despite the advances in the control of food-borne diseases, still one of the dilemmas in the health of most societies and a matter of concern for health authorities is food poi­soning and food-borne diseases by unsafe foods.Materials and methods: In total 390 samples, including 195 samples of raw kebabs and hamburgers and 195 samples of the cooked ones were gathered from shops, sampling raw and cooked meat at the same time, and they were sent to the laboratory for testing, over a period of one year. The methods used for the tests were based on the Iranian National Standard procedures, numbers 356 and 2394.Results: All the cooked specimens had bacterial contamination in acceptable standard levels and there­fore were considered consumable. From the 165 raw kebab samples, 90 samples (54.5%) were con­sumable but 75 samples (45.5%) were not fit for consumption, where from 30 raw hamburger samples, 22 samples (73.3%) were consumable and 8 (26.7%) were inconsumable. In serological evaluations, Thompson serotype had the highest prevalence in kebab and hamburger samples.Conclusion: The results of present study show that there is no reason for concern in consuming cooked kebabs.

Background&Objective: Foodstuffs additives are a general term for materials that are added to the foodstuffs in order to increase durability and to improve the appearance, composition, taste and food nutritional value. Colors are classified in this group and are added to foodstuffs in order to increase their attraction. Colors may cause illness such as allergy, rash and hyper activation in children and also they may debilitate the Immune system, Anaphylaxis reactions may also occur and they may have cancerous effect. The aim of this survey was to analyze status of added colors to the dried sweets which are produced in south of Tehran city. Materials & Methods: 191 samples of dried sweets were randomly collected and analyzed from south of Tehran areas. First, the samples were de-colored by Clorhidric Acid, and then were analyzed after refining by Thin Layer Chromatography (T.L.C) method. Samples were identified by taking Retention Factor (RF values) into consideration. Results: 93.2 percent from the total samples contained colors. Among chromatic samples, 42 samples (22%) out the total samples, contained artificial, non-edible colors and 96 samples (50.3%) from the total samples contained artificial and edible colors (for Industrial Producers) and 40 samples (21%), contained natural colors. Sunset yellow color was detected more than other added colors in sweets. Conclusion: Low costs, stability, PH, purity, and environmental conditions, motivate the producers for high utilization of edible colors without considering their possible hazards and/or their edible quality aspects. It is suggested that, based on the findings of this study and high consumption of colors.

Yersinia enterocolitis causes a wide spectrum of human diseases including gasteroentritis, which is the most frequent of its manifestation. Other diseases and clinical syndromes resulting from Yersinia enterocolitica are septicemia, mesenteric lymphadenitis, apendisitis, exudative pharyngitis, reactive artiritis, nodosum erythema and rarely Reiter's syndrome. In many countries such as western European, Scandinavian and north American countries, Australia and Japan the role of Yersinia enterocolitica particularly the 0:3, 0:8 and 0:9 serotypes in human diseases have been clearly identified. In spite of significant development in the field of separating Yersinia enterocolitica from feces as well as from the environmental specimens during the last decade, there has been only one documented report of isolating Yersinia enterocolitica in Iran in 1977. Thus we decided to test 300 samples of feces within 5 months. In this method, CIN agar as a selective and special medium and Mac conkey agar as classic medium were used. Also cold enrichment method in PBS (pH=7.8) was used. In order to determine importance of enterocolitica, we separated other pathogens of intestine such as salmonella, shigella and entropathogenic E.Coli. The achieved results from abundance points of view are as follows: 17 strains of EPEC (5.66%), 9 strains of shigella (3%), 8 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica (2.66%) and 6 strains of salmonella (2%)

Background and objective: Antitumor effect of lactic acid bacteria have been shown in many studies, this effect maybe due to the immunomodulatory properties of these bacteria. In present work we have studied the effect of Lactobacillus (L) acidophilus on the immune responses of BALB/c mice against transplanted tumor derived from breast tissue. Materials and Methods: 6-8 week-old in-bred BALB/c mice, each weighing 25DS30 g, were used. The mice were divided into two groups each consisted of 9 mice as test and control groups. The L.acidophilus ATCC4356 strain was used in this study. It was inoculated in MRS agar and cultivated overnight under anaerobic conditions then collected and resuspended in PBS. After preparation of proper amount of this suspension it was orally (2.7 × 108 CFU/ml) administered to the mice with a gastric feeding 2 weeks before tumor transplantation and 3 weeks after that, with 3 days break and 7 days administration. The control mice received an equal volume of PBS during the study. Results: Results of the present work showed that L.acidophilus can increase the production of immunomodulatory cytokine IL-12 and decrease the TGF-beta which can suppress immune response. Moreover, the growth rate of tumor in group which received L.acidophilus were decreased and the results of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) of this group in 48h were better than control group. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that daily use of L.acidophilus can regulate immune response with Th1 dominance and may be helpful for cancer immunotherapy, but further studies are needed to investigate the other mechanisms of this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Shigellosis as a global human health problem is more severe than other fonus of gastroenteritis and causes over a million deaths in developing countries worldwide annually. Fatality due to shigellosis is usually due to dehydration and two-third of fatalities are seen among children. The aim of current study was to describe falal cases of shigellosis due to inlection with Shigella sonnei and S.flexneri. Patients and methods: We investigated the total cases of shigellosis among all children with acute diarrhea admitted to Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran. Bacterial isolation and identification was achieved according to standard bacteriological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility tests, plasmid profiling and ribotyping were perfonned to investigate the clonal relationship among the isolates. Results: Among 1200 children with acute diarrhea, 140(12.7%) cases had shigellosis. Of these, three patients died. No signs of severe dehydration were observed among the fatal cases. The symptoms were not improved following antibiotic therapy and all three cases died after 24 h of hospitalization despite receiving intensive treatments. Stool cultures yielded S. flexneri and S. sonnei for one and two cases, respectively. The isolates were resistant to streptomycin. ampicillin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. S. sonnei strains were further studied and showed a single pattern of antibiotic susceptibility and ribotyping. Conclusion: Mortality due to species other than S dysenteriae is rare, however, in current study we found S. sonnei and S.flexneri as the cause of fatality among pediatric patients during the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shigella flexneri has been the most frequent cause of shigellosis in children in Iran. To evaluate the changes in frequency of serogroups, 302 Shigella species were isolated in 2003 from hospitalized children, aged less than 12 years, with acute diarrhoea in Tehran, Iran. The number of collected S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. dysenteriae isolates was 178 (58.9%), 110 (37.4%), 10 (3.3%), and 4 (1.3%) respectively. Most (94%) S. sonnei isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole. They were, however, relatively or completely sensitive to 15 commonly-used antibiotics. The extracted plasmids showed 12 different profiles with two closely-related patterns constituting 70% of the total isolates. Ribotyping, using PvuII, HindIII or SalI restriction enzymes, generated a single pattern for all S. sonnei isolates. Data suggest that S. sonnei has become the predominant serogroup in children in the hospitals of Tehran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella is the main bacterial pathogen that causes foodborne disease, particularly in developing countries. Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) include Enteritidis and Typhimurium as the most prevalent strains which are one of the significant causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. Therefore, identifying the most predominant serovars, types of common contaminated food, and paying attention to their antibiotic resistance are the main factors in the prevention and control strategy of salmonellosis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence rate of serovars, the biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) status, and phenotypic virulence factors of Salmonella strains isolated from diarrhea samples in some cities of Iran. A total of 40 (10.41%) Salmonella isolates were recovered from 384 diarrhea samples processed and the most common serovar was Salmonella serovar Typhimurium (82.5). Also, all isolates belonging to serovar Typhimurium showed more virulence factors compared to other serovars. The isolates showed a high resistance rate to ampicillin (95%) and nalidixic acid (87.5%), while a low resistance rate was found for chloramphenicol (2.5%). Moreover, significant variances in the capacity of biofilm formation were found between different Salmonella serotypes. The resistance of NTS to extant choice drugs is a potential public health problem. Constant monitoring of AMR pattern and virulence profile of NTS serovars is suggested for the prevention of salmonellosis in humans., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal et al.)

Sepsis is a potentially fatal syndrome related to severe systemic inflammation developed by infection. Despite different antimicrobial therapies, morbidity and mortality rates remain high. Herbs along with cell therapy have been introduced as a promising option to improve the symptoms of sepsis. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of simultaneous administration of thyme essential oil (TEO) and endothelial progenitor stem cells (EPCs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in C57BL/6 mice. Sepsis was induced in C57Bl/6J mice by intraperitoneal injection of LPS, followed 2 h later by an intravenous injection of EPCs or oral administration of TEO or simultaneous administration of TEO and EPCs. After 10 days, the complete blood cell, renal and liver factors, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, and angiogenic factors were measured. Simultaneous treatment with EPCs and TEO significantly increased the survival of mice with sepsis and modulated the inflammatory response by reducing the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, this treatment significantly reduced the level of white blood cells and neutrophils and increased the number of red blood cells, the percentage of hematocrit, and hemoglobin. The combination of TEO with EPCs decreased organ injuries and was assessed by lower levels of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase compared to the sepsis group. Administration of EPCs and TEO also significantly improved angiogenic factors, lung function, and toll-like receptor 4 expression. EPCs in combination with TEO increase survival in the LPS-induced sepsis mice model by acting on several targets. Thus, the combination of TEO with EPCs can be a feasible approach for the future clinical treatment and control of sepsis., (© 2024 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.)

In the present study, a synbiotic coating of flaxseed mucilage, defatted rice bran carbohydrate, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB12 was fabricated for coating dried mango slices (M-P-C). The control samples contained only probiotic bacteria without coating (M-P). Several quality parameters (moisture, weight loss, shrinkage percentage, pH, firmness, and color) were assessed on specific storage circumstances (25°C, relative humidity (RH) = 22%.). In addition, the survival of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB12 was evaluated on storage and under simulated gastrointestinal (GI) conditions. According to the results, the log number of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB12 reached 8.1 and 6.2 for coated and uncoated samples, respectively, during the 45 days storage at 25°C (>6 log CFU (log colony-forming units)/g) and at finished stage of in vitro gastrointestinal circumstances, the log number of probiotic bacterial count reached 6.8 and 4 for coated and uncoated samples, respectively. The coating resulted in significantly less weight loss, moisture loss, and shrinkage of the mango slices than uncoated ones ( p  < .05). The growth of yeasts and molds was undetectable in both samples. The results of acceptance experiments for M-P and M-P-C dried mango samples showedthat there were no significant differences between M-P and M-P-C samples ( p   >.05), indeed in the case of purchase intention and overall acceptability. After reading the text highlighting, there was no significant difference in all attributes of M-P-C samples pre and post of reading text highlighting. It could be concluded that the synbiotic coating of mango slices improved the quality characteristics of the dried mango as well as viability of the probiotic bacteria at storage time and under simulated gastrointestinal conditions., (© 2024 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objectives: Salmonella enterica serovar Entritidis is an important pathogen in foodborne diseases and causes gastroenteritis. Several studies have investigated the genetic diversity of the strains of this bacterium. However, our knowledge of the discriminatory power of the molecular methods is limited., Methods: In total, 34 strains of S. enteritidis were isolated from food related to animals. Antibiotic resistance of the strains, antibiotic resistance genes, and biofilm formation capacity of the strains were evaluated. For the genetic analysis of the strains, PFGE was performed using AvrII restriction enzyme., Results: Among the tested antibiotics, cefuroxime, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin showed the highest resistance rates (79.4%, 47%, and 44.2%, respectively). Only three antibiotic-resistance genes were identified in these strains (bla TEM : 67.6%, tetA: 9%, and sul2: 3%). In total, 91% of the strains were biofilm producers. Clustering of strains using AvrII for 26 samples with the same XbaI PFGE profile showed that these strains were in one clone and had high homogeneity., Conclusions: In conclusion, it is better to use a combination of several typing methods for typing strains that are genetically very close so that the results are reliable., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

The growing demand for high food quality has been encouraging researchers in the food industry to apply biodegradable nanocomposites, which provide new opportunities and challenges for the advance of nanomaterials in the food industry. The objective of this study was to estimate the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity effects of zinc oxide nanocomposite/zeolite (c/Zeo) with Aloe vera gel (AG) and its effect on the shelf life of chicken meat. The ZnONPs/Zeo was assessed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses. The cytotoxicity effect of ZnONPs/Zeo was assessed by MTT assay. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ZnONPs/Zeo and ZnONPs/Zeo-AG against Salmonella typhi and Salmonella para typhi A were investigated. Also, the preservative effect of nanocomposites on chicken fillets was evaluated. The results showed that these nanocomposites have the least cytotoxicity effect, resulting in good biocompatibility with the host. The MIC and MBC values of ZnONPs/Zeo-AG were lower than the ZnONPs/Zeo against S. typhi and S. paratyphi A. Both ZnONPs/Zeo-AG and ZnONPs/Zeo caused a significant decrease in the bacterial count of the chicken fillets. So, by spraying on meat, the number of bacteria presented a sharper decline as compared with the control group, resulting in an approximately 3.3 and 3-log 10 reduction over 48 h in the ZnONPs/Zeo-AG and ZnONPs/Zeo treatment samples, respectively. In conclusion, antimicrobial packaging with ZnONPs containing A. vera is a beneficial solution for preserving and improving the quality, safety, and shelf life of fresh meat products., Competing Interests: No competing interests to declare., (© 2023 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Relapse infection usually results from resistance to the antibiotic, acquired genes, or persister cells. Persister cells are formed through mutation, reduced activity or metabolically inactive pathways induced by antibiotics, harassing conditions, low ATP, and malnutrition. These factors provide the ground for bacteria to grow slowly. Such a slow growth rate makes traditional antibiotics ineffective against persister cells. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) , in addition to this form, can be observed in Small Colony Variants (SCVs), L-forms, and dormant, all of which are characterized by at least one feature, i.e. , slow growth. Despite their slow growth, they are metabolically active in terms of stringent SOS and cell wall stress responses. The stress response involves resistance against harassing conditions, and it survives until it is reactivated later. The present study aims to discuss the mechanisms of all persister cell formations, circumstances involved, gene mutation, and adoptable strategies against it., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

This study compares the oncolytic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) wild type and M51R M-protein on the colorectal tumors of different invasive intensity on SW480 and HCT116 cell lines and 114 fresh colorectal cancer primary cell cultures. Fresh tumor samples were divided into two groups of lower stages (I/II) and higher stages (III/IV) regarding the medical records. The presence of two mutations in the PIK3CA gene and the expression of NEBL and AKT1 genes were evaluated. The cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding VSV wild-type and M51R mutant M-protein. Results showed either wild type or M51R mutant can kill SW480 and stage I/II primary cultures while mutant M-protein had no apoptotic effects on HCT116 cells and stage III/IV primary cultures. NEBL and AKT1 expression were significantly higher in resistant cells. Elevated caspase-9 activity confirmed that the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is the reason for cell death in lower-stage cells. Different tumors from the same cancer exhibit different treatment sensitivity due to genetic difference. NEBL and AKT1 gene expression may be responsible for this difference, which may be the target of future investigations. Therefore, tumor staging should be considered in oncolytic viral treatment as an interfering factor., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2021.)

Introduction: Agricultural commodities contaminated by molds and mycotoxins can be considered as public health problems in less developed countries, particularly in Iran. Hence the main purpose of this study was to identify mold fungi and molecular analysis of the most important species of aflatoxin-B1-producing Aspergillus species in some dried nuts and grains in local markets in Tehran., Materials and Methods: Two hundred fifty samples of wheat, rice, corn, pistachios, and peanuts were collected from the five different locations of Tehran between January 2018 and January 2019. The samples were analyzed by using direct seed inoculation method and grain crushing method. Fungal strains were identified as Aspergillus spp. on the basis of morphological characters and further confirmed by using of β-tubulin gene sequencing. To differentiate between aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp., the isolates were screened for the presence of aflatoxigenic genes ( nor-1 , ver-1 , omtA , and aflR )., Results: One-handed forty-eight aflatoxigenic Aspergillus isolates (144 A. flavus and 4 A. parasiticus ) were identified and aflR gene was the most frequent gene in these species. Five isolates (4 A. flavus , 1 A. parasiticus ) had quadruplet pattern, 64 isolates (63 A. flavus , 1 A. parasiticus ) had more than 1 gene and 39 isolates (38 A. flavus ,1 A. parasiticus ) did not have any genes., Conclusion: According to the contamination of dried nuts and grains by some aflatoxigenic fungi, an extensive surveillance is necessary to provide a wider view on these products. Moreover, effective and efficient aflatoxin control program requires identifying and managing key elements that are effective in reducing mycotoxin production at farm level or in storage conditions., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThere is no conflict of interest between authors in this study., (© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021, corrected publication 2021.)

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance profiles and presence of virulence genes among Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ( S. Enteritidis) isolated from patients with gastroenteritis in various regions of Iran. Moreover, genetic relatedness among the strains was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)., Materials and Methods: From April through September 2017, 59 Salmonella strains were isolated from 2116 stool samples. Of these strains, 27 S. Enteritidis were recovered. These strains were subjected to disk diffusion tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of virulence genes ( invA, hilA, pefA, rck, stn, ssrA, ssaR, sefA, spvC, sipA, sipC, sopB, sopE , and sopE2 ), and PFGE., Results: High prevalence of resistance towards cefuroxime (n = 20, 74.1%) and ciprofloxacin (n = 13, 48.2%) were demonstrated. All tested strains possessed invA, hilA, sefA, sipA, sopB , and sopE . The least prevalent virulence gene was rck (n = 6; 22.2%). Based on combinations of virulence genes, 12 virulotypes were observed. The most common virulotype was VP2 (n = 12; 44.4%), harboring all of the virulence genes except for rck . PFGE typing showed only two distinct fingerprints among tested strains. Each fingerprint had completely different virulotypes. Notably, VP4 (harboring all genes except for rck and spvC ) was only presented in pulsotype A, while VP2 was confined to pulsotype B., Conclusion: S . Enteritidis strains were derived from a limited number of clones, suggesting that it is highly homogenous. Future works should consider combinations of other genotyping methods together with larger sample sizes from more diverse sources., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Background: Listeria monocytogenes show high mortality among pregnant women and newborns. This study aimed to detect L. monocytogenes in pregnant women with a history of abortion and assess the serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and its resistance genes., Methods: Overall, 400 vaginal swabs were taken from pregnant women with a history of abortion in the past few years in a tertiary care hospital in Tehran, Iran, during 2015-2018. Antibiotics susceptibility to a panel of 10 antibiotics was determined using the standard disk diffusion method and the isolates serotyped by the agglutination method. The antimicrobial-resistant isolates were also screened for the presence of tet M, erm B and dfr D genes by PCR., Results: Overall, 22 L. monocytogenes isolates were identified. High rates of resistance were observed for trimethoprim (50%; n=11), sulphamethoxazole (50%; n=11), tetracycline (45.45%; n=10) and gentamicin (36.36%; n=8). From 22 L. monocytogenes isolates, 13 (59.10 %), 5 (22.73%), 3 (13.63%) and 1 (4.54%) belonged to serotypes 4b, 1/2a, 1/2b, and 3c, respectively. The genetic determinant tet M was detected in 70% of the tetracycline-resistant isolates. Out of 11 trimethoprim-resistant isolates, 27.27% isolates contained dfrD . Moreover, the ermB gene was found in 83.33% of the erythromycin-resistant isolates., Conclusion: Ampicillin and partly penicillin consider to be suitable antimicrobial agents to treat human listeriosis. Moreover, due to resistance against many antibiotics, it is necessary to continue monitoring and managing antimicrobial resistance., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2021 Heidarzadeh et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Salmonella is one of the most common causes of foodborne disease outbreaks in developing countries. Climatic factors such as temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity can directly increase the growth and spread of these pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate long-term temporal trends and seasonal patterns of Salmonella infections as well as evaluating the effects of demographic and climatic factors on the infection incidence in Yazd province, Iran during 2012-2015. The incidence of Salmonella infections was highest among patients with the age group of ≤5 years and peaked in summer, especially during June. Contrary to expectations, no significant associations were seen between the average monthly temperature, rainfall or humidity and incidence rate (IR) of salmonellosis. Interestingly, atmospheric dust hovering was significantly associated with an increased risk of salmonellosis. Transmission pathways of Salmonella spp. in communities should be considered as a complex ecological process that animal reservoirs, socio-economic factors, and lifestyle behaviors need to be addressed in future studies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Foodborne diseases are caused by indigestion of contaminated food. In some cases they may result in either hospitalization or death. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention in 2017 stated that 10% reduction in foodborne illness would prevent nearly five million illnesses every year. Approximately one out of six Americans become ill from contaminated foods or beverages every year. Another problem is drug resistance which is responsible for approximately 2 million illnesses and around 23000 dead every year. Nearly 400,000 Americans acquire antibiotic-resistant Salmonella or Campylobacter each year. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outbreak of salmonellosis and shigellosis along with their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in different provinces of Iran. Methods: Over a period of 2 years from 2015 to 2016, a total of 1055 cases in 249 outbreaks reported in 20 provinces of Iran, as a part of surveillance by the National Institute of Health (NIH). The stool samples of patients were taken and tested for Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. by conventional standard techniques. Disk diffusion was used for the antibiotic sensitivity test. Results: Of 1055 cases, 118 (11.2%) contained Shigella and 74 (7%) contained Salmonella . Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that entirely 100% of Salmonella and Shigella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin; whereas 12.2% of Salmonella and 98.2% of Shigella were resistant to cotrimoxazole. Conclusion: Our results show that there is a need for more food handling practices to minimize the exposure of consumers to Salmonella and Shigella , at all points along the distribution chain., (© 2020 Iran University of Medical Sciences.)

Lactobacilli commonly used as a probiotic and they can be isolated from various sources such as fermented foods and gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. The aims of this study were isolation and identification of lactobacilli from honey and investigation of some probiotic properties and antimicrobial effects against foodborne bacterial pathogens. A total of 88 honey samples were collected from different areas in Iran. About 1.00 g of each honey was cultured in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth and then sub-cultured on MRS agar. The isolates were assessed for probiotic potentials such as tolerance to acid and bile. Then, antimicrobial activity of isolates against seven foodborne pathogens including Listeria monocytogenes , Shigella flexneri , Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella enteritidis , Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli O157 H7 and Bacillus cereus was investigated. From 88 honey samples, 39 isolates were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing method. Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) with 29 (74.00%) isolates were dominant identified bacteria (27 L. kunkeei and two Fructobacillus fructosus ). Also, four L. plantarum, two L . paracasei, one L. brevis, one L. rhamnosus, one L. casei and one L. fermentum were identified. Two L. kunkeei isolates and one F. fructosus isolate were resistant to acid and bile salt. Two L. rhamnosus isolates and one L. paracasei isolate inhibited all pathogens (100%). This is the first study in Iran that isolated lactobacilli from honey. The FLAB especially L. kunkeei were isolated as dominated species from honey. Some lactobacilli isolates have probiotic potential and may be useful for the prevention and treatment of infections, but more investigations are needed., (© 2020 Urmia University. All rights reserved.)