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This article aimed to systematize data on lipid metabolism parameters in various population groups of the Arctic region in the historical aspect and in modern conditions. The materials were selected using international (Web of Science and Scopus) and Russian (Cyberleninka and eLIBRARY.RU) databases. The following keywords were searched for: Arctic, lipid metabolism, risk factors. The sample included 34 works on the changes in lipid metabolism in the inhabitants of the Arctic region published between 1979 and 2023. It has been shown that the indigenous population is more likely to have a favourable blood lipid profile, with a low content of lowdensity lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides (TG), but high content of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). In zerogeneration newcomers, when their adaptation is disrupted, atherogenic dyslipidaemia often develops, while in first- and second-generation newcomers, lipid metabolism occupies an intermediate position, approaching the parameters of the indigenous population. Along with climatic and geographical conditions, socio-economic factors (dietary changes, smoking and alcohol abuse) affect the human body, leading to atherogenic dyslipidaemia, which is the basis of cardiovascular diseases. An important role in assessing lipid metabolism disorders in the Arctic is played by determining more reliable markers of atherosclerosis, namely, the content of apolipoproteins (apoA and apoB) and fatty acids consumed. The indigenous inhabitants of the North typically have a protein- and fatrich diet characterized by increased levels of omega-3 and decreased levels of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, in recent decades, low levels of both omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs have become more common. For early detection of signs of lipid metabolism disorders, we need to study not only the “traditional” parameters, i.e. total cholesterol, TG, LDL and HDL, but also apoA-I and apoB as well as omega-6 and omega-3 PUFAs in order to develop science-based diagnostic methods, differentiated wellness programmes and therapeutic measures.

Introduction. The multivariability of the clinical course of post-covid syndrome (PCS) is associated with genetic heterogeneity of the population, which leads to a high interest in the study of genotypes. Aim. To evaluate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 (Asp229Gly) polymorphism in the formation of PCS and rehabilitation potential. Materials and methods. The study included 92 patients diagnosed with PCS between the ages of 21 and 75. All patients received a comprehensive clinical, laboratory, functional examination and quality of life assessment at admission and discharge. Deoxyribonucleic acid isolation and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction were performed from whole blood using «Lytech» kits (Russia) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Formation of groups for statistical processing was carried out in accordance with the results of genetic analysis. Patients received comprehensive rehabilitation, including: climatotherapy, exercise therapy, massage, aromatherapy, respiratory therapy. Performance was assessed based on the dynamics of the studied indicators. Results and discussion. Of the 92 patients included in the study, 22 (23.9 %) were AA homozygotes, 33 (35.8 %) were GG, and 37 (40.3 %) were AG heterozygotes. By age, the groups were comparable. The gender ratio was predominantly female in all groups. According to the initial characteristics, the condition of patients with more pronounced clinical symptoms was in the group of patients with the AG genotype. All groups showed varying degrees of positive dynamics. The dependence of the severity of PCS and the effectiveness of rehabilitation on genetic predisposition was established. Different severity of initial clinical symptoms and deviations of functional parameters were revealed. Significant differences were found when assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Positive dynamics was observed in all groups, but most successfully in the AG group. This confirms the role of TLR4 in the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 and its genetic polymorphism in a wide range of manifestations of both acute COVID-19 and PCS. Conclusions. The effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients with PCS is interrelated with the genetic heterogeneity of TLR4. The heterozygous variant of the AG genotype forms more pronounced clinical manifestations of PCS, but also a higher rehabilitation potential, which contributes to the successful completion of rehabilitation. The minor allele TLR4 (Asp299Gly) G is associated with a worsening of the course of PCS. Patients with the homozygous GG genotype need a longer course of rehabilitation.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a common complication of many cardiovascular diseases. It is important to study the clinical and functional features of CHF to clarify the further prognosis of this disease due to the unfavorable course and high mortality rate. Diagnosis and treatment of CHF is an issue for doctors of various specialties, in particular when it comes to geriatric patients with multiple concomitant diseases. Various physiological and morphological transformations in the aging population contribute to heart failure. The most common type of HF in older people is HF with preserved ejection fraction. Atypical clinical symptoms of CHF are much more common in elderly people than in young people. The prevalence of HF with age is associated with a longer period of influence of damaging factors on the heart, such as arterial hypertension, metabolic stress or ischemia-related damage. Due to the unfavorable course and high mortality rate, it is important to study the clinical and functional characteristics of CHF to clarify its prognosis. However, the data available on this issue vary significantly; the mechanisms, issues of diagnosis and treatment of patients with heart failure in different age groups have not been sufficiently studied, which determined the purpose of this study ‒ to investigate the features of the clinical and functional characteristics of CHF depending on age. Material and methods. The study included 90 male and female patients with diagnosed CHF stages I-IIB, NYHA functional class I-IV, aged 40–86 years, who underwent echocardiography, general and biochemical blood tests. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 – patients of working age (women 16–54 years old and men 16–59 years old, n = 20), group 2 – patients older than working age (women 55 years and older, men 60 years and older, n = 70). Results and its discussion. According to the data obtained, the average age of all surveyed was 68.1 ± 9.8 years. The second stage of CHF prevailed in both the first and second groups of the studied categories of participants. Atypical symptoms prevailed, which creates difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment. The frequency of CHF decompensation in patients over working age, as well as the concentration of natriuretic peptide, is higher compared to the group of CHF patients of working age, which is probably due to the presence of comorbid pathology and cognitive deficit. The data obtained can be used to develop an approach to stratify the risk of CHF.

The aim of the study to assess the resistance of infectious complication pathogens to antibacterial drugs in patients after major liver resection (MLR) with or without biliary obstruction. Material and methods. A total of 105 patients were assigned to 2 groups: group 1 consisted of 53 patients (7 – with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 28 – with cholangiocarcinoma (CC), 18 – with metastases of colorectal cancer) with biliary obstruction; group 2 – 52 patients (25, 10 and 17, respectively) without biliary obstruction. Results. A microbiological examination of urine, blood, sputum, bile, pharyngeal and wound samples was performed after MLR. Conclusions. Patients with HCC and CC with biliary obstruction after MLR had infectious complications in 100.0 % of cases, patients without biliary obstruction – in 25.7%; Gram-positive microorganisms were statistically significantly more often isolated from them: Enterococcus faecalis in 17.1 % (р1,2 = 0.01); gram-negative microorganisms: Escherichia coli in 5.7 % (р1,2 = 0.05), hemolytic Escherichia coli in 5.7 % (р1,2 = 0.05), Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5.7 % (р1,2 = 0.05); fungi in 8.6 % (р1,2 = 0.04); significantly more often, Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from blood in 5.7 % (р1,2 = 0.05), Enterococcus faecium – from urine in 8.6 % (р1,2 = 0.05), Candida albicans – from wounds in 5.7 % (р1,2 = 0.05) and sputum in 8.6 % (р1,2 = 0.02).

Aim: The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of rechallenge with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) compared to chemotherapy and the predictive role of clinical parameters in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who were rechallenged. Methods: The study included 113 metastatic NSCLC patients who had initially responded to ICIs and platinum-based chemotherapy, either in combination in the first line or sequentially in the first and second line, but later experienced disease progression. Of those patients, 52 later received ICI rechallenge and 61 were exposed to chemotherapy. Results: In the rechallenge cohort, the median age was 67 years, 38 patients were men (73.1%), 26 (50.0%) had squamous cell carcinoma. Patients who underwent ICI rechallenge had longer overall survival (OS) compared to those who received chemotherapy (12.9 months vs. 9.6 months, P = 0.008). Multivariate analysis for progression-free survival (PFS) and OS revealed that poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS; PFS: P = 0.013 and OS: P = 0.037), absence of objective response during initial ICI therapy (PFS: P = 0.014 and OS: P = 0.028), and baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥ 3.8 (PFS: P = 0.001 and OS: P = 0.003) were negative predictive factors of ICI rechallenge. The three parameters were included in a risk model named as the NEO score, which stratified patients who received ICI rechallenge into two predictive groups. Patients with ECOG PS 0-1, objective response during initial ICI treatment, and NLR < 3.8 (favorable group) had longer PFS (8.6 months vs. 3.0 months, P < 0.001) and OS (16.6 months vs. 5.5 months, P < 0.001) compared to those with absence of all three markers (poor group). There was no association between the NEO score and survival outcomes in patients who did not undergo rechallenge. Conclusions: ICI rechallenge showed a survival benefit, particularly in NSCLC patients with NLR < 3.8, good ECOG PS, and objective response.

The review is devoted to the current status of artificial intelligence (AI), mathematical modeling (MM) and their combination in the analysis of cardiac dyssynchrony mechanisms and its treatment using cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Recent articles and reviews demonstrate the high promise of AI and MM in personalized medicine, but also identify existing obstacles to their implementation in clinical practice. The works discussed are devoted to a number of topical problems of clinical cardiology as follows: analysis of phenotypes of patients with cardiac dyssynchrony, search for novel prognostic factors of CRT effectiveness, pacing optimization, creation of highly accurate predictive models of response to CRT. For the first time, a review of studies is given that use combined approaches of mechanistic MM and AI. Such approaches break new ground for the application of personalized heart models both for generating realistic synthetic data (digital twins) on which AI models are trained, and as predictors that, along with clinical signs, are used in trained prognostic AI models to improve the accuracy of personalized diagnostics, predict the effectiveness and optimize treatment. The review consists of three sections focused on studies using AI, personalized MM of heart ventricles, and combined approaches (MM+AI).

The review discusses the importance of left ventricular shape analysis for diagnosis, severity assessment and prediction of treatment effectiveness in cardiac dyssynchrony. Various methods for assessing the left ventricle shape are consistently considered, starting from the sphericity index common in clinical practice, moving on to more complex and/or rare indices, then to the author's indices of left ventricular functional geometry, as well as to the methods of geometric morphometrics. The results obtained using left ventricular shape analysis in diagnostics and treatment planning are presented.

The article presents the studies on the adsorption of water-miscible oil-containing cutting fluids on the R6M5 high-speed steel surface. The fluids can be used for the shear blades of drop feeders in glass-forming machines. The dependence of the anti-corrosion and lubricating properties of cutting fluids on their adsorption on steel surfaces is determined. The survey shows the serial G-417 cutting fluid achieves the highest adsorption value and anti-corrosion effect at a volumetric dilution of 1:4000, compared to the experimental cutting fluid based on G-417 at 1:1500. Based on the tests of the experimental cutting fluid at a glass factory, the experimental lubricant has greater operating dilution (1:1300) compared to the G-417 (1:800) at the same initial oil content. The higher lubricity of the new cutting fluid can be explained by the position of the adsorption maximum for the experimental mixture. The research formulates a necessary condition for improved operating characteristics, lubricity, and anti-corrosion properties of a cutting fluid by the selection of emulsifiers and functional additives for the cutting fluid: the proximity of the concentrations for maximum adsorption capacity and operating dilution ranges (1:800 - 1:2000). Electrochemical studies show that both the G-417 and experimental lubricant have anodic mechanism of corrosion inhibition

The range of methods for assessing the quality of grain and its technological properties in cereal crops, of oat in particular, is extremely limited. The available methods are labor-intensive and not always sufficiently informative. The variety of modern processing methods dictates the necessity in searching for more universal and informative assessment methods. Cereal crop breeding also requires high-speed and low-cost methods for assessing grain quality. The present work is a methodological study that uses a limited set oat accessions from the genetic collection of VIR, differing by geographical origin and contrasting technological properties, with an aim of developing a new grain quality assessment method and testing new methods for analyzing technological properties. The resulting criteria are compared with each other and with more traditional indicators. New systems for assessing the technological properties of grain of naked and covered oat have been proposed. A new method of sedimentation analysis for cereal crops is proposed. The diversity of the oat protein complex is exemplified in the results of sedimentation analysis, and of the carbohydrate complex – in the results of its testing by a micro-visco-amylograph. The variety of interactions between oat grain storage substances and wheat material during joint processing is shown by assessing the rheological properties of the dough mixture using a farinograph. The obtained results can be recommended for the assessment for breeding purposes, as well as for obtaining complete information about the quality of oat grain for the purpose of its further processing.

Background. Currently, the pathophysiological mechanisms of acute damage to organs and systems caused by coronavirus infection have been studied quite fully, but the mechanisms underlying the clinical manifestations of long COVID have not yet been accurately described. The mechanisms of persistence of a number of symptoms in patients who have had COVID-19 and the role of systemic inflammation and endotoxemia markers in it remain a understudied aspect and a promising direction for further studying.The aim of the study. To assess the markers of systemic inflammation, endotoxin-releasing systems, intestinal permeability and endothelial dysfunction in patients with long COVID at the stage of health resort treatment.Methods. The study included 32 patients who had recovered from coronavirus infection and were undergoing health resort treatment in the pulmonology department of the I.M. Sechenov Academic Research Institute for Physical Therapy, Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation. We also selected a control group (n = 20). All patients underwent peripheral blood analysis to detect the levels of markers of systemic inflammation, endotoxin-releasing systems, intestinal permeability, endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstrictor agents: C-reactive protein (CRP), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LPB), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), zonulin, bactericidal/ permeability-increasing protein (BPI), vasopressors of angiotensin 2 and endothelin (EDN1).Results. Patients who had recovered from coronavirus infection had a statistically significant increase in the levels of CRP (3.4 [2.56; 4.0] mg/l), LBP (18.46 [14.0; 25.5] ng/ml), tPA (0.07 [0.02; 0.32] ng/ml), angiotensin 2 (133.3 [63.0; 503.7] pg/ml) and a decrease in the level of BPI (1576 [276; 3588] pg/ml) (p < 0.05).Conclusion. A statistically significant increase in markers of systemic inflammation, endotoxinemia, and vasoconstrictor agents in patients with long COVID indicates an imbalance in endotoxin-binding and endotoxin-releasing systems in patients who have had coronavirus infection. Further study of the described markers is necessary to improve approaches to long-term personalized therapy for this category of patients.

Aim: to develop a model for predicting preeclampsia (PE) based on the clinically most significant differentially expressed plasma microRNAs.Materials and Methods. A prospective observational comparative study was conducted with 62 women, divided into two parallel groups: 32 patients with PE and 30 clinically healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancy. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed blood plasma microRNAs using next generation sequencing (NGS).Results. Calculation of risk ratios for PE development allowed to identify 14 plasma microRNAs that influence the development of PE pathology. PE-associated microRNAs hsa-miR-103a-3p, hsa-miR-451a and hsa-miR-516a-5p have a high diagnostic value when combined to assess their blood plasma expression level in early pregnancy stages.Conclusion. The developed prognostic model can be applied to pregnant women at risk for PE development, which may further reduce obstetric complications and improve perinatal outcomes.

INTRODUCTION. Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is the least studied anxiety disorder, as patients present with comorbid mood disorders. Finding effective treatment methods for GAD is of the utmost importance; therefore, it is essential to develop novel medicinal products for GAD. Proper clinical programme design is key to obtaining reliable data on the effectiveness and safety of a medicinal product. Currently, the Russian Federation lacks methodological guidelines for clinical studies of these medcinal products, and there is a need for developing such guidelines.AIM. This review aimed to assess the possibility of applying the methodological approaches described in international guidelines to Russian clinical trials to develop medicinal products for GAD.DISCUSSION. Having analysed the main provisions of the Guideline on the clinical investigation of medicinal products indicated for generalised anxiety disorder by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the authors of this review outlined the main stages of clinical development and the methodology for using clinical data to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medicinal products for GAD. Clinical development programmes for these medicinal products should take into account research staging and mandatory long-term safety and additive effect assessments. This review highlights aspects of selecting the design, population, and primary and secondary endpoints for a clinical trial. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of comorbidities in patients.CONCLUSION. The provisions set forth in the EMA guideline can inform the development of national guidelines for studying medicinal products for GAD.

Summary: 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an essential compound in the biosynthesis of heme, playing a critical role in various physiological processes within the human body. This review provides the thorough analysis of the latest research on the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic benefits of 5-ALA in managing metabolic disorders.The ability of 5-ALA to influence immune response and inflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, antioxidant system, mitochondrial functions, as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, is mediated by molecular mechanisms associated with the suppression of the transcription factor NF-κB signaling pathway, activation of the transcription factor Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) system leading to the formation of heme-derived reaction products (carbon monoxide, ferrous iron, biliverdin, and bilirubin), which may contribute to HO-1-dependent cytoprotection through antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, it regulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, uncoupling proteins UCP1 and UCP2, glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT2, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c in relevant tissues. Randomized controlled trials have confirmed the effects of 5-ALA on glucose control in both prediabetic and diabetic patients, noting its safety and tolerability, as well as the safety of its combined use with oral hypoglycemic agents. Only minor side effects have been reported. However, the impact of 5-ALA on markers of systemic inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and dyslipidemia was not evaluated in these studies. At the same time, preparations of 5-ALA may potentially be effective not only in the treatment of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but also in other conditions associated with systemic inflammation, oxidative or nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.It has been concluded that the promising advancement of formulations containing 5-ALA may pave the way for new strategies in preventing and treating these diseases, with subsequent preclinical and clinical trials likely to follow.

In recent years, the use of probiotics in dermatology and cosmetology has been demonstrating a notable rise, offering both preventive and therapeutic benefits for the skin. The intestinal microbiota plays crucial roles, including enzymatic degradation of dietary fiber, starch, proteins, and fats, as well as the synthesis of vitamins B, K, nicotinic acid, amino acids, and various metabolites. The use of multicomponent probiotics composed of strains of the genus Bacillus is a promising way to optimize the positive effects of these microorganisms in dermatological and cosmetic practice and avoid their undesirable effects.

The article presents the results of a study of the peculiarities of the information security culture of students of technical universities. The relevance is due to the globalization of digital technologies penetrating into all spheres of human life, both socio-political, state, professional and personal, which clearly determines the need for the formation and development of an information security culture. This issue is especially relevant in relation to students of technical universities – future specialists in the engineering industry, since they will work with technical systems and information that may be subject to various threats in the field of information security. The effectiveness of programs for the formation and development of an information security culture is largely determined by the study of the features and specifics of the manifestation of its components (technical, cognitive, behavioral, and value-semantic). The study was carried out in the form of a ascertaining experiment using the author's diagnostic questionnaire "The level of information security culture". 781 students of the Volga branch of MADI took part in the study. Based on the highlighted structure of the information security culture, the study established the specific features of the formation of its components among students of a technical university, namely, the results of the study revealed insufficient fixation in the minds of students of a technical university of the values of information security culture, a low level of patterns of safe behavior, with the general development of technical literacy in the digital space.

The article presents the results of the analysis of neological units obtained by continuous sampling from the Russian political blogs, the authors of which are not professional politicians, but they support the current political course of the Russian Federation. These new words show changes in society thus becoming a way of creative understanding of the real world. Neologisms belong to the category of words that have high linguistic activity, which is conveyed by their expressiveness and axiology. The appearance of lexical nominations is an act of giving value to the objects they reflect introducing them into the space of social relevance. Having examined the features of political blogs an important component of which are comments to them, the authors identified 65 neological units, which were divided into four semantic groups: neologisms-toponyms; neologisms-antroponyms; neologisms-ethnonyms; neologisms denoting real or potential opponents of the Russian Federation. The analysis showed the agonism of Russian political blogs in which any opponent of the course of the Russian Federation is endowed with exclusively negative characteristics and is an object of ridicule. The positive evaluation can be traced only in a small number of neologisms-nicknames denoting foreign supporters of the Russian Federation or the first person of the state. All neological units under study, except for neologisms-toponyms, denote a person or group of people and are nouns. Having analyzed the word formation methods of the neological units under study, the authors identified affixation, telescoping and metathesis as the most productive models. Neological units formed with the help of telescopy have a pronounced negative connotation due to their uncertain semantic meaning. The analysis made it possible not only to identify new units and their evaluation in Russian political blogs but also to determine their role in the blog text, which consists in the verbal destruction of anyone who does not share the point of view of the blog’s author.

The prevalence rate of dry eye syndrome varies from 6.5 to 95 %. Diagnostic criteria are based on different methods and/or their combinations and are characterized by heterogeneity.The aim of the study. To identify the risk factors for the development of dry eye syndrome in order to create a technology for early diagnosis of the degree of the disease in young people without concomitant ocular and general somatic pathology.Materials and methods. Fifty patients aged 24 [22; 27] years were examined. We carried out an ophthalmological examination, including autorefractometry, visometry, biomicroscopy, the Norn test, a survey using the author’s questionnaire, and an assessment of the degree of dry eye syndrome using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Three study groups were formed: control group (OSDI = 0–13 points); group 1 – patients with OSDI = 14–22 points; group 2 – patients with OSDI > 22 points.Results. When examining presented independent variables, screen time had the highest normalized importance (100 %), followed by tear film breakup time (58.4 %), smoking (24.3 %), night shifts (22.5 %) and using soft contact lenses (11.1 %). The technology for early diagnosis of the degree of dry eye syndrome is implemented on the basis of a multilayer perceptron, the percentage of incorrect predictions during its training process was 8.0 %. The structure of the trained neural network included 8 input neurons (the value of screen time and tear film breakup time, the presence or absence of smoking, night shifts and/or the use of soft contact lenses), two hidden layers containing 3 and 2 units, respectively, and 3 output neurons.Conclusion. The proposed neural network has no difficulties in assessing the early diagnosis of the severity of dry eye syndrome and can be used in clinical practice.

Purpose: Immunodeficiency conditions, which are characterized by reduced immune activity that promotes the development of chronic diseases, are needed for efficient monitoring. A promising area of monitoring and early diagnosis of immunodeficiency diseases is the determination of metabolic biomarkers in the blood. Methods: In this work, we identified a set of lipid biomarkers of immunodeficiency states by performing high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) analysis of blood plasma samples from mice and processing them with bioinformatics approaches. Potential biomarkers were selected through statistical analysis and further validated by MS/MS. Conclusions: As a result, 15 lipids were confirmed and selected as potential biomarkers of immunodeficiency states. The selected biomarkers can be further studied and serve as promising targets for the early diagnosis of immunodeficiency diseases.

The objective: to assess changes in the data on drug resistance of M. tuberculosis for 2015-2021 and compare it with data for 2012-2014.Subjects and Methods. Using continuous sampling, the frequency of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB DR) was studied in isolates from 151 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and isolates from 805 extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) patients, who were treated at the clinic of St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology in 2015-2021. The results were compared with similar data for 2012-2014 which was published in 2016.Results. In 2015-2021 versus 2012-2014, the overall frequency of MTB DR decreased by 4.2% in pulmonary tuberculosis patients (from 90.1 to 85.9%) and by 2.9% in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients (from 80.2 to 77.4%). The structure of MTB DR in pulmonary tuberculosis changed insignificantly, the frequency of MDR decreased from 42.5 to 36.5%, and XDR (as per the definitions before 2022) remained the same – 39.5%. In extrapulmonary tuberculosis, the structure of MTB DR deteriorated due to lower frequency of MDR (from 66.3 to 48.3%) and higher frequency of XDR (from 3.2 to 19.0%, p

Objective: To evaluate the effect of staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic on serum 25(OH)D levels in children permanently residing in Ryazan. Methods: The study included 279 children aged 2 to 17, who were divided into two groups: in Group 1, serum 25(OH)D level was tested before the COVID-19 pandemic, while in Group 2, it was assessed during a pandemic. Results: The median serum 25(OH)D level in children of Group 1 was 1.4 times higher than in Group 2 (22.8 ng/ml vs. 16.6 ng/ml, p=0.004). The share of children with vitamin D (VD) deficiency during the pandemic home stay increased 1.4 times, while the percentage of children with optimal VD status decreased by three times. A statistically significant decrease in the median serum 25(OH)D during the pandemic was observed in children aged 2-3 years and 4-6 years (p

Background. Acne is a common, complex and multifactorial inflammatory disease that results from a variety of causes. Acne therapy is an urgent problem of dermatocosmetology. The clinical manifestations of dermatosis can be alleviated, and its long-term consequences can be prevented by early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment, affecting multifaceted all parts of the pathogenesis. Aims. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the use of monotherapy of 0.1% adapalene cream (Adaclean) with combined external therapy of 0.1% adapalene cream (Adaclean) with 20% azelaic acid cream (Azix-Derm) in the treatment of mild to moderate acne. Methods. Under our supervision at the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Cosmetology and Regenerative Medicine of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Rost of the State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, the clinics “Ekaterininskaya” and “MIR-O-MED” there were 50 patients aged 12 to 50 years (18 (36%) men and 32 (64%) women) with mild and moderate acne. Patients with comedonal acne, in the absence of multiple inflammatory elements, which made up group 1 of observation (n = 16), were prescribed Adaclean cream, 1 time per day (evening) against the background of skin care. In the group with mild to moderate papulo-pustular acne and post-inflammatory changes (group 2, n = 34), patients were prescribed a combination of 0.1% adapalene cream and 20% azelaic acid cream (Adaclean (evening) and Azix-Derm (morning)). The follow-up period was 6 months. Results. Total clinical remission after 6 months therapy was achieved in 70% of cases, a significant improvement — in 28%, improvement — in 2%. In patients with a comedonal form of acne against the background of monotherapy with Adaclean cream, clinical recovery was obtained in 44% of patients, a significant improvement — in 50%, and an improvement — in 6%. In patients from the group of papulo-pustular acne of mild to moderate severity, after 3 months the use of complex therapy Adaclean and Azix-Derm noted almost complete relief of the inflammatory process; after 6 months therapy clinical recovery was recorded in 58%, significant improvement — in 36%; 6% showed partial improvement, which is associated with irregular use of drugs and skin care products. After 6 months combined treatment was able to achieve regression of dyschromia in 18–46% of patients, atrophic scars — in 5–22%, which significantly improved the results of therapy and made it possible to achieve a good cosmetic effect. Conclusion. The combined use of drugs for external use of adapalene (Adaclean) and AK (Azix-Derm) in the treatment of papulo-pustular acne of mild and AK (Azix-Derm) in the treatment of papulo-pustular acne of mild and moderate severity can significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment, achieve a stable clinical effect and remission of the disease, as well as improve the quality of life of patients.

У статті проаналізовано міжнародний досвід використання методів і засобів телереабілітації онкологічних пацієнтів із раком молочної залози. На основі виконаного аналізу сформовано комплекс методичних вимог до створення сучасних інформаційно-технологічних засобів телереабілітації та їх застосування.

The paper is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of hardiness as an integral characteristic of teacher potential. The topicality of this problem is determined by the fact that in the process of socialization and personal development, each person faces the need to overcome certain life difficulties: psychological crises, stressful situations, the effects of external social negative factors, and many others. Moreover, due to specific features of psychic processes, an individual always strives to overcome difficulties in the most effective and least burdensome way. Not only the psychological well-being of a person, but also the harmonious existence of the whole society depends on the choice of one or another method of coping behavior (constructive or destructive). The paper presents the results of a study of the interrelationship between the level of subjective control, the spheres of motivation and needs, values and meaning of a person's personality and the development level of a person's hardiness. The paper contains the results of the theoretical and methodological analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the research topic; the results of a comprehensive diagnosis of the level of hardiness development of a person and hardiness in different life situations; specific features of subjective control, the spheres of motivation and needs, values and meaning of an individual's personality and their relationship with the hardiness development level. It has been proved that people with different levels of hardiness have: different levels of subjective control (in people with a high level of hardiness, the level of subjective control is higher); a different value and meaning frame of an individual's personality (hierarchy and structure of teacher values and meanings depends on the level of hardiness); different levels of positive and negative motivation (motivation for success and motivation for failure). The conclusions have been drawn that hardiness has its own structure and turns out to be a key personality variable, mediating the influence of external (stressful) factors on a person, as well as on the success of activity.

This article presents the first case of VEXAS syndrome identified in the Russian Federation as well as characteristics of currently known clinical manifestations and treatment approaches. The clinical observation described is an impressive example of how the identification of a new pathogenic mutation can change the understanding of the classification, diagnosis and treatment of previously known immunoinflammatory diseases. Thus, in refractory forms of relapsing polychondritis, neutrophilic dermatosis, atypical forms of vasculitis, inflammatory joint diseases or undifferentiated systemic inflammatory syndrome, especially when associated with macrocytic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, VEXAS syndrome should be suspected and genetic testing should be performed to exclude the autoinflammatory nature of the existing condition.

The paper is devoted to onomastic nomination as an actual problem in linguistics. The article analyzes nominations of military operations in which French units participated at different times. The nominations were selected from authentic memoirs and documents written by French military personnel, as well as from materials presented on the official website of the French Ministry of Armed Forces. Classifications of the names of military operations are proposed in accordance with their structural organization and subject of reference. The quantitative relationship of onyms within each classification is established and explained. Cases of onymization of appellative lexical units in the category of military operations are described. The mechanisms of motivation for onomastic nominations of military operations are identified and their impact potential is revealed. It has been established that the source of motivation for the names of military operations can be historical and geographical facts, metaphorical or metonymic change of appellative vocabulary, and its symbolization. Using the methods of component analysis of onyms and stylistic analysis of microcontexts of their use, it is shown that the connotative semes of the studied nominations are represented in microcontexts by describing the historical facts that underlie onyms, or stylistic means: metaphor, metonymy, lexeme-symbol, antithesis, irony. Based on the results obtained, the prospects for further research are identified.

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), a disorder of the synovium, subchondral bone, and cartilage that affects the entire joint, constitutes approximately 12% of all cases of symptomatic osteoarthritis. This review summarizes the pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie the positive influence of chondroitin sulphates (CSs) on PTOA as means of preventive and therapeutic treatment. Mechanisms of PTOA development involve chondrocytes undergoing various forms of cell death (apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and/or necrosis). Chondroitin sulphates are a class of glycosaminoglycans that improve the structure and function of cartilage and subchondral bone, which is associated with their ability to decrease the activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK, and up-regulate Nrf2. Standardized small fish extract (SSFE) is an example of the drugs that can attenuate NF-κB-mediated systemic inflammation, potentially helping to reduce joint inflammation and cartilage degradation, improve joint function, and alleviate pain and disability in patients with these conditions.

The combination of hypertension and chronic kidney disease is a stage of the cardiovascular-renal-metabolic continuum and associated with adverse cardiovas­cular and renal outcomes. Epidemiological aspects, accessible screening algorithm within outpatient monitoring, availability of modern cardiac and renal protective strategies make it possible to select this high-risk group as a priority for the implementation of effective targeted primary prevention and maintaining the trend of reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the medium- and long-term.