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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important global public health challenge, and the burden of the disease is huge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the majority of people with this condition reside. Undiagnosed DM is more prevalent in LMICs. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors for DM in Ekiti State., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, household-based survey using a four-stage multistage sampling design and the World Health Organization (WHO)-STEPS survey manual was conducted from July to September 2020 as a part of the Ekiti State coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survey. Of the 5,145 sampled households, 4,726 individuals gave consent to participate in the survey. Out of these, 3043 had fasting plasma glucose results available and were included in the analysis., Results: There were 2257 (74.2%) women and 786 (25.8%) men. The prevalence of DM was 6.5% (6.5% in males and 6.6% in females, P = 0.946). Diabetes was found to be more prevalent among those with a secondary school education or higher (10.9%); employed in the formal sector (13.4%); separated, divorced, or widowed (8.5%); with raised blood pressure (9.3%); and who were aged 30-59 years (all P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression showed that age, education, occupation, and hypertension were all positively and significantly associated with an increased risk of DM., Conclusion: The prevalence of DM in Ekiti State is high, and its predictors include advancing age, hypertension, education, and occupation. This calls for scaling up public health interventions for controlling DM, targeting the identified risk factors among the people of Ekiti., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Oluwadiya et al.)

Background: Inappropriate health-seeking behaviour has been associated with unfavourable health outcomes. This study determined the association between socio-demographic characteristics and health-seeking behaviour and the association between health-seeking behaviour and health outcomes of patients attending the health insurance clinic of a tertiary hospital., Methods: The study was carried out between July and November 2021, involving patients who attended the NHIS clinic, of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, between 2009 and 2018. The records were reviewed, and data about their socio-demographic characteristics, the period between when symptoms started and the time of presentation in the clinic with the outcome of the patient, were extracted and analysed., Results: A total of 12,200 patients were seen within the period under review. Females were 51.1%, Yorubas were 92.0%, Christians 95.5%, 51.1% had tertiary education, and 32.5% had primary education. Looking at timely reporting, 58% reported at the clinic 48 hours after symptoms while 23% reported within 24 hours. Of those who presented within 24 hours, 13.1% were admitted compared to 2.2% of those who presented after 48 hours. The association between timeliness of reporting and outcome was statistically significant with p value < 0.05., Conclusion: The severity of the illness determined the timeliness of presentation at the Clinic despite being insured. Social and behavioural change intervention is recommended for attitudinal change to improve health-seeking behaviour., Competing Interests: The Authors declare that no competing interest exists, (Copyright © 2023 by West African Journal of Medicine.)

Background: For adequate planning of healthcare services, a good knowledge of the burden and pattern of morbidity and mortality in the community is a key requirement. This study aimed at describing the morbidity pattern among patients at a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) clinic in Southwestern Nigeria., Method: This was a cross-sectional study. Secondary data was extracted from case notes of 5,108 patients who visited the NHIS Clinic in a tertiary health facility in Southwestern Nigeria, from 2014 to 2018, using the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-2) to categorize the diseases. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0 (Released 2018; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA)., Result: Females were 2,741 (53.7%), males were 2367 (46.3%), and the mean age was 36.7±9.5 years. General and unspecified diseases were the commonest presentations. Malaria (1,268; 45.5%) was the commonest disease among the patients. Sex and age were associated with disease distribution (p-value = 0.001)., Conclusion: Public health preventive strategies and measures should be undertaken to address the priority diseases as shown in this study., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Solomon et al.)

Background: Emigration of Nigerian doctors, including those undergoing training, to the developed countries in Europe and Americas has reached an alarming rate., Objective: This study aimed at assessing the prevalence, pattern, and determinants of migration intention among doctors undergoing residency and internship training programmes in the public tertiary hospitals in Ekiti state, Nigeria., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a quantitative data collected from 182 doctors undergoing residency and internship training at the two tertiary hospitals. An adapted semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on migration intention among the eligible respondents. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate data analyses were done. The level of significance was determined at p-value < 0.05., Results: Majority (53.9%) of doctors undergoing training were between 30-39 years, and the mean age was 33.2 ± 5.7 years, male respondents were 68.1%, and 53.8% of the respondents were married. The proportion of doctors undergoing training who had the intention to migrate abroad to practice was 74.2%. A higher proportion of the internship trainees, 79.5%, intended to migrate abroad to practice while the proportion among the resident doctors, was 70.6%. Among the respondents who intended to migrate abroad to practice, 85(63%) intend to migrate abroad within the next 2 years, while the preferred countries of destination were the United Kingdom 65(48.2%), Canada 29 (21.5%), Australia 20 (14.8%) and the United States 18(13.3%). Seventy percent of respondents who intend to migrate abroad had started working on implementation of their intention to migrate abroad. The majority of the junior resident doctors, 56(72.7%), intend to migrate abroad compared with the senior resident doctors, 21(27.3%), (χ 2  = 14.039; p < 0.001). The determinants of migration intention are the stage of residency training and level of job satisfaction., Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of migration intention among the doctors undergoing training in the public tertiary hospitals in Ekiti State, Nigeria, with the majority already working on their plans to migrate abroad. Doctors undergoing training who are satisfied with their job and those who are in the senior stage of residency training programme are less inclined to migrate abroad., Recommendations: The hospital management in the tertiary hospitals should develop retention strategies for human resources for health, especially doctors undergoing training in their establishment, to avert the possible problems of dearth of specialists in the tertiary health facilities. Also, necessary support should be provided for the residency training programme in the tertiary health institutions to make transition from junior to senior residency stage less strenuous., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) is a key component of safe motherhood programs to reduce maternal mortality. It promotes active preparation and decision-making for delivery by pregnant women and their families., Objective: The study determined knowledge of danger signs and practice of BPCR among pregnant women., Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted among 400 pregnant women attending Antenatal clinic at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Semi-structured, selfadministered questionnaire was used in collecting data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, sample mean, frequency tables were done. Inferential statistics were used to test for associations between categorical variables. P-value < 0.05., Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.7±4.2, with most respondents between the age bracket of 21-30 years. About 384 (96.0%) of respondents had post-secondary or tertiary education. About 297 (74.3%) of respondents had good knowledge of warning and danger signs during pregnancy. On the overall less than half 187 (46.8%) of respondents had good practices of BPCR. Knowledge of danger signs and practice of BRCR was significantly associated with the level of education p-value <0.05., Conclusion: The study concluded that most respondents in the study area had good knowledge about the danger signs in pregnancy but their practices of birth preparedness was below average. More emphasis should be put on the practice of BPCR while educating pregnant women in health facilities and government should create enabling environment to achieve this., Competing Interests: The Authors declare that no competing interest exists., (Copyright © 2021 by West African Journal of Medicine.)