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This scoping review examines known associations between potential traumatic experiences and mental health outcomes among adolescent refugees. Little is known about the type and severity of traumatic experiences among adolescent refugees and whether the type and severity of these experiences are associated with poor mental health. Five electronic databases were searched to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles. Inclusion criteria were: 1) trauma was the predictor variable of the article, 2) at least one of two selected mental health conditions (depression and anxiety) was an outcome variable of the study, 3) the quantitative relationship between trauma and mental health was discussed; 4) participants of the study were adolescent refugees or asylum seekers; 5) the article was published between January 1, 2011 and August 30, 2020; 6) and written in English. Adolescents aged 12-18 of all genders were included in this review. Of 3319 potentially relevant articles identified, 11 articles were included. All the included studies employed a cross-sectional study design. Adolescent refugees experienced a variety of traumatic events, such as physical and sexual violence, war-related events, natural disasters, migration-related events, and verbal and emotional abuse. The review found a positive association between trauma exposure and poor mental health outcomes of depression and anxiety in all included studies across diverse adolescent refugee populations. The findings suggest that effective intervention strategies should be implemented to meet the needs of children and adolescent refugees as a vulnerable group in the host community as they adjust to the language, cultural, and school barriers and to support overall growth and development., Author(s): Solomon D. Danga [sup.1] , Babatope O. Adebiyi [sup.1] , Erica Koegler [sup.2] , Conran Joseph [sup.3] , Nicolette V. Roman [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/00h2vm590, grid.8974.2, 0000 0001 [...]

Borate glass systems have been extensively studied for practical applications in optical display devices by virtue of their peculiar luminescence efficiency. However, the attainment of high emission from borate glass materials via apposite control of rare earth ions (REIs) contents remains a topical issue in Material Physics. In this paper, we report the influence of REIs (Dy3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+) on multiple-colour emission of magnesium sodium borate (MSB) glasses fabricated by using the conventional melt-quenching method. These glasses were optically characterized via X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-VIS-NIR and Photoluminescence techniques. The XRD pattern confirms the amorphous nature of the as-prepared glasses. The absorption spectra disclosed several absorption bands at 347 nm (6H15/2 → 6P7/2) for Dy3+, 393 nm (7F0 →5L6) for Eu3+ and 403 nm (6H5/2 →6P5/2) assigned for Sm3+ respectively. Also, the emission spectra radiate at 463 nm (4F9/2 → 6F11/2 + 6H9/2), 612 nm (5D0 → 7FJ) and 599 nm (4G5/2 → 6H7/2) for Dy3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+ correspondingly, wherein Dy3+ emits blue, yellow, and red light, Eu3+ emits red light and Sm3+ emits reddish-orange light. Finally, 1.0 mol% content of Dy3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+ in MSB glasses was found to be optimal and hence considered the best optical host for colour display devices.

Research on adolescent refugee resilience is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of adaptation to resettlement areas and integration into a new country. However, the current literature does not provide clear evidence on the determinants of resilience factors and the association between traumatic experiences and resilience among adolescent refugees. Four electronic databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Inclusion criteria for articles were (i) potential traumatic experience was the independent variable and resilience was an outcome variable of the study, (ii) association between traumatic experiences and resilience was reported, (iii) participants of the study included adolescent refugees or asylum seekers and (iv) to be peer-reviewed publications based on primary data, written in English and published between 1 January 2010 and 20 January 2022. Eight articles were included in this scoping review. The review found that most of the included studies identified individual, relational/family and contextual/cultural factors as determinants of resilience. However, there were inconsistencies in the association between traumatic experiences and resilience. This review suggests that intervention strategies implemented among adolescent refugees should focus on enhancing individual, family/relational, and cultural/social factors to protect adolescents from possible poor mental health consequences after exposure to trauma.

Mohammed Ebrahim Rike,1 Mengistie Diress,2 Baye Dagnew,2 Mihret Getnet,2 Abbul Hasano Kebalo,1 Derese Sinamaw,3 Damtew Solomon,1 Yonas Akalu2 1Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Oromia, Ethiopia; 2Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia; 3Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Amhara, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Mohammed Ebrahim Rike, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia, Tel +251920071361, Email zakiziaa9@gmail.comIntroduction: Hypertension is rising globally and is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. It affects people of different groups; however, owing to a rise in a sedentary lifestyle it is more prevalent among long-distance truck drivers. However, the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among truck drivers in Ethiopia is not known. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among long-distance truck drivers in Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 415 long-distance truck drivers selected by systematic random sampling technique at Modjo dry port from May 15 to 30, 2021. The data were collected and entered into Epi-data 4.6 then it was exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were executed. The odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed. In the final model, a variable with a p ≤ 0.05 was declared as a predictor of hypertension.Results: The prevalence of hypertension among long-distance truck drivers in Ethiopia was 34.7%. The odds of hypertension was higher among drivers who were ≥ 45 years old [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.32; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 2.16, 8.62], obese [AOR= 5.12; 95% CI: 1.33, 19.8], alcohol drinkers [AOR=3.05; 95% CI: 1.27, 7.31], and cigarette smokers [AOR= 3.74; 95% CI: 1.64, 8.51]. Drivers who had regular physical exercise were less likely [AOR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.63] to have hypertension than drivers with no physical activity.Conclusion: More than a third of the participants in Ethiopia had hypertension. Higher age, obesity, absence of rest between driving, short sleep duration, smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical inactivity were significantly associated with hypertension. Therefore, health education on lifestyle modifications, sleep habits, and the importance of rest breaks between driving should be considered to prevent hypertension and further complications.Keywords: hypertension, long-distance truck drivers, Ethiopia

Mobile phones remain a largely untapped resource in the ongoing challenge to address Female Sex Worker (FSW) health, including HIV prevention services, in India. An important step towards designing effective mobile phone-based initiatives for FSWs is clarifying the contextual influences of mobile phone solicitation on sexual risk behavior. In this paper, we extend previously identified associations between mobile phone solicitation and condom practices by examining whether this association is moderated by sex work pay and offer key considerations for future research and implementation. Specifically, we conducted an analysis among 589 Indian FSWs, where FSWs who did not use mobile phones to solicit clients had the lowest mean sex work pay (INR 394/ USD 6.54) compared to FSWs who used both mobile and traditional strategies (INR 563/ USD 9.34). Our analysis indicate low paid FSWs who used mobile phones concurrently with traditional strategies had 2.46 times higher odds of inconsistent condom use compared to low paid FSWs who did not use mobile phones for client solicitation. No such effect was identified among high paid FSWs. These findings also identified group level differences among FSWs reporting different mobile phone solicitation strategies, including violence, client condom use and HIV status. Our results indicate that low pay does moderate the association between mobile phone solicitation and condom practices, but only among a sub-set of low paid FSWs. These findings also demonstrate the utility of classification by different mobile phone solicitation strategies for accurate assessment of sexual risk among mobile phone soliciting FSWs. In turn, this paves the way for novel approaches to utilize mobile phones for FSW HIV prevention. We discuss one such example, a mobile phone-based rapid screening tool for acute HIV infection targeting Indian FSWs.

Introduction: Molecular docking facilitates the exploration of interactions between bioactive alkaloid compounds and target proteins, offering insights into potential binding modes and affinity, crucial for drug discovery and understanding molecular mechanisms. Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus), renowned for its bioactive alkaloid compounds, emerges as a promising candidate for novel agents in diabetes management. Aim: To study the computational methods, including in-silico molecular docking, to elucidate the interactions between bioactive alkaloids from C. roseus and a Type-2 diabetic target protein. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study conducted in 2022 at the Department of Research, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Tamil Nadu, India. The research took place from July to October 2022. Computational techniques, particularly in-silico molecular docking, were utilised to analyse the binding affinities and potential mechanisms of action of bioactive alkaloids from C. roseus against a target protein associated with Type-2 diabetes. The study employed established computational protocols and software tools to predict and evaluate the binding interactions between the alkaloids and the target protein. Results: The analysis suggests Vinblastine, Ajmalicine, and Vindolinine from C. roseus as potential diabetes therapeutics. Vinblastine binds strongly to Human Pancreatic Alpha-Amylase (HPA), hinting at glucose metabolism regulation. Ajmalicine and Vindolinine also interact significantly with HPA, implying antidiabetic potential. Additionally, the present study findings suggest a potential role of Reserpine in modulating HPA activity and supporting its antihypertensive effects. Conclusion: In conclusion, the analysis highlights the potential of C. roseus compounds like Vinblastine, Ajmalicine, and Vindolinine in managing diabetes by interacting with HPA, indicating their potential as antidiabetic agents. Additionally, Reserpine's effect on HPA activity suggests a role in hypertension management. These findings emphasise the therapeutic potential of natural compounds from C. roseus for diabetes and related conditions, warranting further clinical investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mamo A, Assefa T, Negash W, et al. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2022;14:73-85 The authors have advised there are errors in the author list on page 73. The correct author list is: Ayele Mamo,1 Tesfaye Assefa,2 Wogene Negash,2 Yohannes Tekalegn,3 Biniyam Sahiledengle, 3 Zinash Teferu,3 Mesud Mohammed,1 Damtew Solomon,4 Habtamu Gezahegn,4 Kebebe Bekele,5 Demisu Zenbaba,3 Alelign Tasew,3 Anwar Tahir,2 Fikreab Desta,3 Tadele Regasa,4 Abulie Takele Melku,3 Zegeye Regassa,2 Daniel Atlaw4 Read the original article

Background: Addressing health inequality with sexual and reproductive health requires an understanding of unmet need within a range of populations. This review examined the methods and definitions that have been used to measure unmet need, and the populations most frequently assessed. Methods: Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Health Management and Policy Database (HMIC)) were searched for studies that described quantitative measurement of unmet need within sexual and/or reproductive health between 2010 and 2021. A narrative synthesis was then undertaken to ascertain themes within the literature. Results: The database search yielded 19,747 papers; 216 papers were included after screening. 190 studies assessed unmet reproductive health need, of which 137 were analyses of trends among people living in low/lower-middle income countries; 181 used cross-sectional data, with only nine analyses being longitudinal. Eighteen studies analysed unmet sexual health need, of which 12 focused on high and upper-middle income populations. 16 papers used cross-sectional analyses. The remaining 10 studies examined unmet need for a combination of sexual and reproductive health services, eight among populations from upper-middle or high income countries. All were cross-sectional analyses. 165 studies used the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) definition of unmet need; no other standardised definition was used among the remaining papers. Discussion: There is a significant focus on unmet need for contraception among women in low income countries within the published literature, leaving considerable evidence gaps in relation to unmet need within sexual health generally and among men in particular, and unmet reproductive health need in high income settings. In addition, using an increased range of data collection methods, analyses and definitions of unmet need would enable better understanding of health inequality in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]