Search

Your search keyword '"Solomina, Olga N"' showing total 27 results
Start Over Author "Solomina, Olga N"
27 results on '"Solomina, Olga N"'

4. Large paleoearthquakes and Holocene faulting in the Southeastern Gorny Altai: implications for ongoing crustal shortening in Central Asia.

Author

Deev, Evgeny V., Panin, Andrey V., Solomina, Olga N., Bricheva, Svetlana S., Borodovskiy, Andrey P., Entin, Andrey L., and Kurbanov, Redzhep N.

Subjects
GROUND penetrating radar, FAULT zones, REMOTE-sensing images, EARTHQUAKES, RADIOCARBON dating, SURFACE fault ruptures
Abstract

Shrinking of intermontane basins and expansion of their flanking ranges by reverse faulting and backthrusting in two counter-dipping systems is a typical mechanism of crustal shortening and mountain building in Central Asia. This mechanism is realized along the Kurai Fault Zone (southeastern Gorny Altai). Motions on two reverse fault systems maintained thrusting of the Kurai Range and the Kubadru Uplift on the Kurai Basin sediments and caused the growth of a foreberg before the mountain front. Forberg separates narrow Aktash Basin from the Kurai Basin. The paleoearthquakes were generated by reverse faults that delineate the foreberg. Analysis of the QuickBird satellite images, drone imagery, trenching, archaeoseismological research, radiocarbon dating, dendrochronology, and previous results show that eleven large (МW = 6.5–7.6) paleoearthquakes left traces as surface ruptures along the Kurai Fault Zone: twice before 7.5 ka BP, three events between 7.5 and 5.9 ka BP (7.0, 6.3, and 5.9–5.8 ka BP), one from 5.8 to 4.6 ka BP, four more at 4.6, 3.2, 1.5, and 1.3–1.2 ka BP, and the ultimate earthquake no older than 1450–1650 AD. The time difference between large earthquakes was from 200 to 1700 years. Surface faulting occurred mainly along the northern border of the foreberg where fault scarps are progressively younger northward and the Cenozoic sediments of the Aktash Basin thus become involved into uplift. GPR data to a depth of 12 m confirm the complex structure and slip geometry of the observed surface ruptures. The fault scarps are located < 1 km from the planned route of the gas pipeline from Russia to China, and the potential seismic hazard has to be taken into account in its design and construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Glacier fluctuations during the past 2000 years

Author

Solomina, Olga N., Bradley, Raymond S., Jomelli, Vincent, Geirsdottir, Aslaug, Kaufman, Darrell S., Koch, Johannes, McKay, Nicholas P., Masiokas, Mariano, Miller, Gifford, Nesje, Atle, Nicolussi, Kurt, Owen, Lewis A., Putnam, Aaron E., Wanner, Heinz, Wiles, Gregory, and Yang, Bao

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Holocene glacier fluctuations

Author

Solomina, Olga N., Bradley, Raymond S., Hodgson, Dominic A., Ivy-Ochs, Susan, Jomelli, Vincent, Mackintosh, Andrew N., Nesje, Atle, Owen, Lewis A., Wanner, Heinz, Wiles, Gregory C., and Young, Nicolas E.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Late-Holocene advances of the Greater Azau Glacier (Elbrus area, Northern Caucasus) revealed by 14 C dating of paleosols.

Author

Solomina, Olga N, Alexandrovskiy, Alexander L, Zazovskaya, Elya P, Konstantinov, Evgeny A, Shishkov, Vasily A, Kuderina, Tatiana M, and Bushueva, Irina S

Subjects
*LITTLE Ice Age, *PALEOPEDOLOGY, *CHARCOAL, *ALPINE glaciers, *MIDDLE Ages, *GLACIERS
Abstract

Three paleosols buried in the left lateral moraines of the Greater Azau Glacier (Northern Caucasus) were identified in an excavated outcrop (43.2658 N, 42.4766 E, 2370 m a.s.l.). When the glacier was overlying the surface of the lateral moraines at this site, the thickness of the ice was 50 m and more above the valley floor. Fragments of charcoal from the uppermost soil (S1) buried 0.6 m below the surface yielded the radiocarbon date 130 ± 20 yr BP (IGANAMS-6826) (AD 1680–1939). The middle soil (S2), buried at the depth of 13 m yielded two 14C dates 320 ± 20 yr BP (IGANAMS-8127) (bark of birch) (AD 1496–1641) and 1190 ± 20 yr BP (IGANAMS-8126) (AD 774–889) (charcoal). We suggest that the soil S2 has been formed between these dates during the Medieval Warm Period and in the early Little Ice Age. The lowermost (S3) unit lying 15 m below the surface is the thickest (0.4–0.6 m), well-developed paleosol. Charcoal collected at the top of S3, yielded the date 1300 ± 20 yr BP (IGANAMS-6826) (AD 663–773), indicating a prominent glacier advance occurred shortly before this date. Two dates from the charcoal buried at the bottom of S3 (2855 ± 20 yr BP (IGANAMS-8125) and 2880 ± 20 yr BP (IGANAMS-6827) mark the beginning of a long episode of restricted glacier extent that lasted for about 1600 years. The dates at the bottom of the S3 paleosol constrain the end of glacier advance that occurred before 2800–2900 14C yr BP. The timing of most prominent advances of the Greater Azau Glacier in the past 3500 years is in general agreement with the Late-Holocene glacial chronologies in the European Alps, Scandinavia and other regions of the Northern Hemisphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. The Holocene paleoenvironmental history of Western Caucasus (Russia) reconstructed by multi-proxy analysis of the continuous sediment sequence from Lake Khuko

Author

Grachev, Alexei M, primary, Novenko, Elena Y, additional, Grabenko, Evgeniy A, additional, Alexandrin, Mikhail Y, additional, Zazovskaya, Elya P, additional, Konstantinov, Evgeniy A, additional, Shishkov, Vasiliy A, additional, Lazukova, Lyudmila I, additional, Chepurnaya, Anna A, additional, Kuderina, Tatiana M, additional, Ivanov, Maxim M, additional, Kuzmenkova, Natalia V, additional, Darin, Andrei V, additional, and Solomina, Olga N, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. The Holocene paleoenvironmental history of Western Caucasus (Russia) reconstructed by multi-proxy analysis of the continuous sediment sequence from Lake Khuko.

Author

Grachev, Alexei M, Novenko, Elena Y, Grabenko, Evgeniy A, Alexandrin, Mikhail Y, Zazovskaya, Elya P, Konstantinov, Evgeniy A, Shishkov, Vasiliy A, Lazukova, Lyudmila I, Chepurnaya, Anna A, Kuderina, Tatiana M, Ivanov, Maxim M, Kuzmenkova, Natalia V, Darin, Andrei V, and Solomina, Olga N

Subjects
SEDIMENT analysis, ACCELERATOR mass spectrometry, LAKE sediments, HOLOCENE Epoch, POLLEN, VEGETATION boundaries, OAK, LINDENS
Abstract

This paper presents new multi-proxy records of the Holocene environmental and climatic changes in the Western Caucasus revealed from a continuous sediment sequence from mountainous Lake Khuko (Caucasus State Natural Biospheric Reserve, 1744 m a.s.l.). Palaeoecological analyses of a sediment core for grain size, magnetic susceptibility, loss on ignition, and pollen allowed us to determine five principal climatic phases with several subphases since 10.5 ka BP. The age model is based on seven accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dates, supplemented by 210Pb data for the uppermost part of the sediment core. Warm periods (10.5–6.7, 6.7–5.5, 3.5–2.4, 0.8–0.5 ka BP) were characterized by high biological productivity in the lake as indicated by high organic matter content and expansion of forests, typical of modern low and middle mountain zones, as indicated by the increase in abundance of Quercus, Ulmus, Corylus, and Tilia in the pollen assemblages. Cold periods (5.5–3.5, 2.4–0.8, and 0.5 ka BP–present) are marked by a consistent decrease in organic matter content in lake deposits and possibly higher intensity of the catchment erosion. The changes in pollen assemblages (for instance peaks of Abies, Picea, and Pinus) suggested a potential elevational decline in the boundaries of vegetation belts and expansion of high-altitude woodlands. Abrupt changes in the lake ecosystem were identified between 4.2 and 3.5 ka cal BP marked by a short-term variation in sediment regime shown by variation in organic matter content, magnetic susceptibility values, and sediment grain size. This was probably caused by climatic fluctuations in the Western Caucasus region as a result of complex shifts in the ocean-atmosphere system during the 4.2 ka event. Overall, the first Holocene multi-proxy continuous lake sediment record provides new insights into the climate history in the Western Caucasus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Reply to 'Limited Late Antique cooling'

Author

Büntgen, Ulf, Myglan, Vladimir S., Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, McCormick, Michael, Di Cosmo, Nicola, Sigl, Michael, Jungclaus, Johann, Wagner, Sebastian, Krusic, Paul J., Esper, Jan, Kaplan, Jed O., de Vaan, Michiel A. C., Luterbacher, Jürg, Wacker, Lukas, Tegel, Willy, Solomina, Olga N., Nicolussi, Kurt, Oppenheimer, Clive, Reinig, Frederick, Kirdyanov, Alexander V., Büntgen, Ulf, Myglan, Vladimir S., Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, McCormick, Michael, Di Cosmo, Nicola, Sigl, Michael, Jungclaus, Johann, Wagner, Sebastian, Krusic, Paul J., Esper, Jan, Kaplan, Jed O., de Vaan, Michiel A. C., Luterbacher, Jürg, Wacker, Lukas, Tegel, Willy, Solomina, Olga N., Nicolussi, Kurt, Oppenheimer, Clive, Reinig, Frederick, and Kirdyanov, Alexander V.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Reply to 'Limited Late Antique cooling'

Author

Büntgen, Ulf, primary, Myglan, Vladimir S., additional, Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier, additional, McCormick, Michael, additional, Di Cosmo, Nicola, additional, Sigl, Michael, additional, Jungclaus, Johann, additional, Wagner, Sebastian, additional, Krusic, Paul J., additional, Esper, Jan, additional, Kaplan, Jed O., additional, de Vaan, Michiel A.C., additional, Luterbacher, Jürg, additional, Wacker, Lukas, additional, Tegel, Willy, additional, Solomina, Olga N., additional, Nicolussi, Kurt, additional, Oppenheimer, Clive, additional, Reinig, Frederick, additional, and Kirdyanov, Alexander V., additional

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Corrigendum: Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia

Author

Ljungqvist, Fredrik C., McConnell, Joseph R., McKay, Nicholas P., Curran, Mark A. J., Shao, Xuemei, Severi, Mirko, Shanahan, Timothy M., Palmer, Jonathan G., Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, Korhola, Atte A., Diaz, Henry F., Gergis, Joëlle, Borgaonkar, Hemant P., Kimura, Katsuhiko, Van Ommen, Tas, Steig, Eric J., Grab, Stefan W., Chase, Brian M., Lara, Antonio, Stenni, Barbara, Von Gunten, Lucien, Trouet, Valerie, Gaire, Narayan P., Turney, Chris S.M., Wagner, Sebastian, Vinther, Bo M., Goosse, Hugues, Sano, Masaki, Christie, Duncan A., Morales, Mariano S., Phipps, Steven J., Fan, Ze-Xin, Moy, Andrew D., Nash, David J., Wanner, Heinz, Lorrey, Andrew M., Esper, Jan, Kaufman, Darrell S., Smerdon, Jason E., Verschuren, Dirk, González-Rouco, J Fidel, Graham, Nicholas, Viau, Andre E., Yasue, Koh, Cook, Edward R., Lézine, Anne-Marie, Villalba, Ricardo, Anchukaitis, Kevin J., Graham, Rochelle, Wahl, Eugene R., Krusic, Paul J., Luterbacher, Jürg, Braida, Martina, Solomina, Olga N., Sigl, Michael, Umer, Mohammed, White, James W.C., Kiefer, Thorsten, Rivera, Andres, Büntgen, Ulf, Mundo, Ignacio A., Prieto, Maria R., Oerter, Hans, Hanhijärvi, Sami T., Ahmed, Moinuddin, Ge, Quansheng, Buckley, Brendan M., Werner, Johannes P., Grosjean, Martin, Shi, Feng, Nicholson, Sharon E., Zorita, Eduardo, Nakatsuka, Takeshi, Asrat, Asfawossen, Mulvaney, Robert, Thamban, Meloth, McCarroll, Danny, and Neukom, Raphael

Subjects
550 Earth sciences & geology, 910 Geography & travel
Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Editorial

Author

Kirdyanov, Alexander V., primary, Solomina, Olga N., additional, Vaganov, Eugene A., additional, and Büntgen, Ulf, additional

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Ahmed, Moinuddin, Anchukaitis, Kevin J., Asrat, Asfawossen, Borgaonkar, Hemant P., Braida, Martina, Buckley, Brendan M., Büntgen, Ulf, Chase, Brian M., Christie, Duncan A., Cook, Edward R., Curran, Mark A. J., Diaz, Henry F., Esper, Jan, Fan, Ze-Xin, Gaire, Narayan P., Ge, Quansheng, Gergis, Joëlle, González-Rouco, J Fidel, Goosse, Hugues, Grab, Stefan W., Graham, Nicholas, Graham, Rochelle, Grosjean, Martin, Hanhijärvi, Sami T., Kaufman, Darrell S., Kiefer, Thorsten, Kimura, Katsuhiko, Korhola, Atte A., Krusic, Paul J., Lara, Antonio, Lézine, Anne-Marie, Ljungqvist, Fredrik C., Lorrey, Andrew M., Luterbacher, Jürg, Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, McCarroll, Danny, McConnell, Joseph R., McKay, Nicholas P., Morales, Mariano S., Moy, Andrew D., Mulvaney, Robert, Mundo, Ignacio A., Nakatsuka, Takeshi, Nash, David J., Neukom, Raphael, Nicholson, Sharon E., Oerter, Hans, Palmer, Jonathan G., Phipps, Steven J., Prieto, Maria R., Rivera, Andres, Sano, Masaki, Severi, Mirko, Shanahan, Timothy M., Shao, Xuemei, Shi, Feng, Sigl, Michael, Smerdon, Jason E., Solomina, Olga N., Steig, Eric J., Stenni, Barbara, Thamban, Meloth, Trouet, Valerie, Turney, Chris S.M., Umer, Mohammed, van Ommen, Tas, Verschuren, Dirk, Viau, Andre E., Villalba, Ricardo, Vinther, Bo M., von Gunten, Lucien, Wagner, Sebastian, Wahl, Eugene R., Wanner, Heinz, Werner, Johannes P., White, James W.C., Yasue, Koh, Zorita, Eduardo, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Ahmed, Moinuddin, Anchukaitis, Kevin J., Asrat, Asfawossen, Borgaonkar, Hemant P., Braida, Martina, Buckley, Brendan M., Büntgen, Ulf, Chase, Brian M., Christie, Duncan A., Cook, Edward R., Curran, Mark A. J., Diaz, Henry F., Esper, Jan, Fan, Ze-Xin, Gaire, Narayan P., Ge, Quansheng, Gergis, Joëlle, González-Rouco, J Fidel, Goosse, Hugues, Grab, Stefan W., Graham, Nicholas, Graham, Rochelle, Grosjean, Martin, Hanhijärvi, Sami T., Kaufman, Darrell S., Kiefer, Thorsten, Kimura, Katsuhiko, Korhola, Atte A., Krusic, Paul J., Lara, Antonio, Lézine, Anne-Marie, Ljungqvist, Fredrik C., Lorrey, Andrew M., Luterbacher, Jürg, Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, McCarroll, Danny, McConnell, Joseph R., McKay, Nicholas P., Morales, Mariano S., Moy, Andrew D., Mulvaney, Robert, Mundo, Ignacio A., Nakatsuka, Takeshi, Nash, David J., Neukom, Raphael, Nicholson, Sharon E., Oerter, Hans, Palmer, Jonathan G., Phipps, Steven J., Prieto, Maria R., Rivera, Andres, Sano, Masaki, Severi, Mirko, Shanahan, Timothy M., Shao, Xuemei, Shi, Feng, Sigl, Michael, Smerdon, Jason E., Solomina, Olga N., Steig, Eric J., Stenni, Barbara, Thamban, Meloth, Trouet, Valerie, Turney, Chris S.M., Umer, Mohammed, van Ommen, Tas, Verschuren, Dirk, Viau, Andre E., Villalba, Ricardo, Vinther, Bo M., von Gunten, Lucien, Wagner, Sebastian, Wahl, Eugene R., Wanner, Heinz, Werner, Johannes P., White, James W.C., Yasue, Koh, and Zorita, Eduardo

Abstract

Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between ad 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period ad 1971–2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years.

Published
2013

22. Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia

Author

PAGES-2k-Network, Ahmed, Moinuddin, Anchukaitis, Kevin J., Asrat, Asfawossen, Borgaonkar, Hemant, Braida, Martina, Buckley, Brendan M., Büntgen, Ulf, Chase, Brian M., Christie, Duncan A., Cook, Edward R., Curran, Mark A. J., Diaz, Henry F., Esper, Jan, Fan, Ze-Xin, Gaire, Narayan P., Ge, Quansheng, Gergis, Joëlle, González-Rouco, J Fidel, Goosse, Hueghes, Grab, Stefan W., Graham, Nicholas, Graham, Rochelle, Grosjean, Martin, Hanhijärvi, Sami T., Kaufman, Darrell S., Kiefer, Thorsten, Kimura, Katsuhiko, Korhola, Atte A., Krusic, Paul J., Lara, Antonio, Lézine, Anne-Marie, Ljungqvist, Fredrik C., Lorrey, Andrew M., Luterbacher, Jürg, Masson-Delmotte, Valerie, McCarroll, Danny, McConnell, Joseph R., McKay, Nicholas P., Morales, Mariano S., Moy, Andrew D., Mulvaney, Robert, Mundo, Ignacio A., Nakatsuka, Takeshi, Nash, David J., Neukom, Raphael, Nicholson, Sharon E., Oerter, Hans, Palmer, Jonathan G., Phipps, Steven J., Prieto, Maria R., Rivera, Andres, Sano, Masaki, Severi, Mirko, Shanahan, Timothy M., Shao, Xuemei, Shi, Feng, Sigl, Michael, Smerdon, Jason E., Solomina, Olga N., Steig, Eric J., Stenni, Barbara, Thamban, Meloth, Trouet, Valerie, Turney, Chris S.M., Umer, Mohammed, Van Ommen, Tas, Verschuren, Dirk, Viau, Andre E., Villalba, Ricardo, Vinther, Bo M., von Gunten, Lucien, Wagner, Sebastian, Wahl, Eugene R., Wanner, Heinz, Werner, Johannes P., White, James W.C., Yasue, Koh, Zorita, Eduardo, PAGES-2k-Network, Ahmed, Moinuddin, Anchukaitis, Kevin J., Asrat, Asfawossen, Borgaonkar, Hemant, Braida, Martina, Buckley, Brendan M., Büntgen, Ulf, Chase, Brian M., Christie, Duncan A., Cook, Edward R., Curran, Mark A. J., Diaz, Henry F., Esper, Jan, Fan, Ze-Xin, Gaire, Narayan P., Ge, Quansheng, Gergis, Joëlle, González-Rouco, J Fidel, Goosse, Hueghes, Grab, Stefan W., Graham, Nicholas, Graham, Rochelle, Grosjean, Martin, Hanhijärvi, Sami T., Kaufman, Darrell S., Kiefer, Thorsten, Kimura, Katsuhiko, Korhola, Atte A., Krusic, Paul J., Lara, Antonio, Lézine, Anne-Marie, Ljungqvist, Fredrik C., Lorrey, Andrew M., Luterbacher, Jürg, Masson-Delmotte, Valerie, McCarroll, Danny, McConnell, Joseph R., McKay, Nicholas P., Morales, Mariano S., Moy, Andrew D., Mulvaney, Robert, Mundo, Ignacio A., Nakatsuka, Takeshi, Nash, David J., Neukom, Raphael, Nicholson, Sharon E., Oerter, Hans, Palmer, Jonathan G., Phipps, Steven J., Prieto, Maria R., Rivera, Andres, Sano, Masaki, Severi, Mirko, Shanahan, Timothy M., Shao, Xuemei, Shi, Feng, Sigl, Michael, Smerdon, Jason E., Solomina, Olga N., Steig, Eric J., Stenni, Barbara, Thamban, Meloth, Trouet, Valerie, Turney, Chris S.M., Umer, Mohammed, Van Ommen, Tas, Verschuren, Dirk, Viau, Andre E., Villalba, Ricardo, Vinther, Bo M., von Gunten, Lucien, Wagner, Sebastian, Wahl, Eugene R., Wanner, Heinz, Werner, Johannes P., White, James W.C., Yasue, Koh, and Zorita, Eduardo

Abstract

Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between ad 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period ad 1971–2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years.

Published
2013

23. Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia

Author

Ahmed, Moinuddin, Anchukaitis, Kevin J., Asrat, Asfawossen, Borgaonkar, Hemant P., Braida, Martina, Buckley, Brendan M., Büntgen, Ulf, Chase, Brian M., Christie, Duncan A., Cook, Edward R., Curran, Mark A.J., Diaz, Henry F., Esper, Jan, Fan, Ze-Xin, Gaire, Narayan P., Ge, Quansheng, Gergis, Joëlle, González-Rouco, J. Fidel, Goosse, Hugues, Grab, Stefan W., Graham, Nicholas, Graham, Rochelle, Grosjean, Martin, Hanhijärvi, Sami T., Kaufman, Darrell S., Kiefer, Thorsten, Kimura, Katsuhiko, Korhola, Atte A., Krusic, Paul J., Lara, Antonio, Lézine, Anne-Marie, Ljungqvist, Fredrik C., Lorrey, Andrew M., Luterbacher, Jürg, Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, McCarroll, Danny, McConnell, Joseph R., McKay, Nicholas P., Morales, Mariano S., Moy, Andrew D., Mulvaney, Robert, Mundo, Ignacio A., Nakatsuka, Takeshi, Nash, David J., Neukom, Raphael, Nicholson, Sharon E., Oerter, Hans, Palmer, Jonathan G., Phipps, Steven J., Prieto, Maria R., Rivera, Andres, Sano, Masaki, Severi, Mirko, Shanahan, Timothy M., Shao, Xuemei, Shi, Feng, Sigl, Michael, Smerdon, Jason E., Solomina, Olga N., Steig, Eric J., Stenni, Barbara, Thamban, Meloth, Trouet, Valerie, Turney, Chris S.M., Umer, Mohammed, van Ommen, Tas, Verschuren, Dirk, Viau, Andre E., Villalba, Ricardo, Vinther, Bo M., von Gunten, Lucien, Wagner, Sebastian, Wahl, Eugene R., Wanner, Heinz, Werner, Johannes P., White, James W.C., Yasue, Koh, Zorita, Eduardo, Ahmed, Moinuddin, Anchukaitis, Kevin J., Asrat, Asfawossen, Borgaonkar, Hemant P., Braida, Martina, Buckley, Brendan M., Büntgen, Ulf, Chase, Brian M., Christie, Duncan A., Cook, Edward R., Curran, Mark A.J., Diaz, Henry F., Esper, Jan, Fan, Ze-Xin, Gaire, Narayan P., Ge, Quansheng, Gergis, Joëlle, González-Rouco, J. Fidel, Goosse, Hugues, Grab, Stefan W., Graham, Nicholas, Graham, Rochelle, Grosjean, Martin, Hanhijärvi, Sami T., Kaufman, Darrell S., Kiefer, Thorsten, Kimura, Katsuhiko, Korhola, Atte A., Krusic, Paul J., Lara, Antonio, Lézine, Anne-Marie, Ljungqvist, Fredrik C., Lorrey, Andrew M., Luterbacher, Jürg, Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, McCarroll, Danny, McConnell, Joseph R., McKay, Nicholas P., Morales, Mariano S., Moy, Andrew D., Mulvaney, Robert, Mundo, Ignacio A., Nakatsuka, Takeshi, Nash, David J., Neukom, Raphael, Nicholson, Sharon E., Oerter, Hans, Palmer, Jonathan G., Phipps, Steven J., Prieto, Maria R., Rivera, Andres, Sano, Masaki, Severi, Mirko, Shanahan, Timothy M., Shao, Xuemei, Shi, Feng, Sigl, Michael, Smerdon, Jason E., Solomina, Olga N., Steig, Eric J., Stenni, Barbara, Thamban, Meloth, Trouet, Valerie, Turney, Chris S.M., Umer, Mohammed, van Ommen, Tas, Verschuren, Dirk, Viau, Andre E., Villalba, Ricardo, Vinther, Bo M., von Gunten, Lucien, Wagner, Sebastian, Wahl, Eugene R., Wanner, Heinz, Werner, Johannes P., White, James W.C., Yasue, Koh, and Zorita, Eduardo

Abstract

Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions during the past one to two millennia. The most coherent feature in nearly all of the regional temperature reconstructions is a long-term cooling trend, which ended late in the nineteenth century. At multi-decadal to centennial scales, temperature variability shows distinctly different regional patterns, with more similarity within each hemisphere than between them. There were no globally synchronous multi-decadal warm or cold intervals that define a worldwide Medieval Warm Period or Little Ice Age, but all reconstructions show generally cold conditions between ad 1580 and 1880, punctuated in some regions by warm decades during the eighteenth century. The transition to these colder conditions occurred earlier in the Arctic, Europe and Asia than in North America or the Southern Hemisphere regions. Recent warming reversed the long-term cooling; during the period ad 1971–2000, the area-weighted average reconstructed temperature was higher than any other time in nearly 1,400 years.

Published
2013

26. Glacier fluctuations during the past 2000 years

Author

Jomelli, Vincent, Koch, Johannes, Owen, Lewis A., McKay, Nicholas P., Nesje, Atle, Miller, Gifford, Yang, Bao, Wanner, Heinz, Wiles, Gregory, Kaufman, Darrell S., Geirsdottir, Aslaug, Masiokas, Mariano, Putnam, Aaron E., Solomina, Olga N., Bradley, Raymond S., and Nicolussi, Kurt

Subjects
13. Climate action, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 910 Geography & travel

27. Holocene glacier fluctuations

Author

Solomina, Olga N., Bradley, Raymond S., Hodgson, Dominic A., Ivy-Ochs, Susan, Jomelli, Vincent, Mackintosh, Andrew N., Nesje, Atle, Owen, Lewis A., Wanner, Heinz, Wiles, Gregory C., and Young, Nicolas E.

Subjects
13. Climate action, Holocene Geologic Period, Geomorphology, Climatic changes, Paleoclimatology, Glaciers
Abstract

A global overview of glacier advances and retreats (grouped by regions and by millennia) for the Holocene is compiled from previous studies. The reconstructions of glacier fluctuations are based on 1) mapping and dating moraines defined by ¹⁴C, TCN, OSL, lichenometry and tree rings (discontinuous records/time series), and 2) sediments from proglacial lakes and speleothems (continuous records/time series). Using 189 continuous and discontinuous time series, the long-term trends and centennial fluctuations of glaciers were compared to trends in the recession of Northern and mountain tree lines, and with orbital, solar and volcanic studies to examine the likely forcing factors that drove the changes recorded. A general trend of increasing glacier size from the early–mid Holocene, to the late Holocene in the extra-tropical areas of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) is related to overall summer temperature, forced by orbitally-controlled insolation. The glaciers in New Zealand and in the tropical Andes also appear to follow the orbital trend, i.e., they were decreasing from the early Holocene to the present. In contrast, glacier fluctuations in some monsoonal areas of Asia and southern South America generally did not follow the orbital trends, but fluctuated at a higher frequency possibly triggered by distinct teleconnections patterns. During the Neoglacial, advances clustered at 4.4–4.2 ka, 3.8–3.4 ka, 3.3–2.8 ka, 2.6 ka, 2.3–2.1 ka, 1.5–1.4 ka, 1.2–1.0 ka, 0.7–0.5 ka, corresponding to general cooling periods in the North Atlantic. Some of these episodes coincide with multidecadal periods of low solar activity, but it is unclear what mechanism might link small changes in irradiance to widespread glacier fluctuations. Explosive volcanism may have played a role in some periods of glacier advances, such as around 1.7–1.6 ka (coinciding with the Taupo volcanic eruption at 232 ± 5 CE) but the record of explosive volcanism is poorly known through the Holocene. The compilation of ages suggests that there is no single mechanism driving glacier fluctuations on a global scale. Multidecadal variations of solar and volcanic activity supported by positive feedbacks in the climate system may have played a critical role in Holocene glaciation, but further research on such linkages is needed. The rate and the global character of glacier retreat in the 20th through early 21st centuries appears unusual in the context of Holocene glaciation, though the retreating glaciers in most parts of the Northern Hemisphere are still larger today than they were in the early and/or mid-Holocene. The current retreat, however, is occurring during an interval of orbital forcing that is favorable for glacier growth and is therefore caused by a combination of factors other than orbital forcing, primarily strong anthropogenic effects. Glacier retreat will continue into future decades due to the delayed response of glaciers to climate change.

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results