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7 Pág., Xyricthys novacula is very popular fish species in the Balearic Islands and a main target for recreational fishing. Over the last years, spots were observed on many individuals, which seems to be progressively more common. The aim of the present study was to identify the parasite, determine its abundance in a marine protected area (MPA) and in a non-protected one with more anthropic influence, and to evaluate the antioxidant and immune responses to this parasite presence by studying biomarkers in both liver and epithelial mucus. Analysis of genetic sequences established with 98.6–98.4% certainty that the parasite is a digenean fluke Scaphanocephalus sp. An average abundance of 12.3 ± 11.3 and 1.3 ± 1.3 parasites per individual was found for the non-protected area and the MPA, respectively. The activities of lysozyme and superoxide dismutase and total immunoglobulin concentration were significantly higher in mucus of X. novacula with more parasites. Similarly, in liver, a higher parasite load is related to higher activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, whereas malondialdehyde remained similar. In conclusion, Scaphanocephalus sp. affects X. novacula, inducing an immune and antioxidant response in epithelial mucus and in liver. The potential influence of the environment on parasite transmission, prevalence and abundance require further research to determine whether it makes fish more susceptible to infections., This research was funded by Direccio ´ General de Política Universitaria ` i Recerca, Comunitat Autonoma ` de les Illes Balears AP_2021_012), by DG Pesca, Conselleria d'Agricultura i Pesca, Govern de les Illes Balears and, by the Biodibal project within the framework of the Collaboration Agreement between the University of the Balearic Islands and Red Electrica de Espana. ˜ A. Solomando was supported by an FPU contract with the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities from the Spanish Government (FPU18/04689). A. Sureda and S. Tejada were granted by the Programme of Promotion of Biomedical Research and Health Sciences, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038).

Pollution in the seas and oceans is a global problem, which highlights emerging pollutants and plastics, specifically microplastics (MPs), which are tiny (1 μm to 5 mm) ubiquitous plastic particles present in marine environments that can be ingested by a wide range of organisms. Holothurians are benthic organisms that feed on sediment; therefore, they can be exposed to contaminants present in the particles they ingest. The objective was to evaluate the effects of human activity on Holothuria tubulosa through the study of biomarkers. Specimens were collected in three different areas throughout the island of Eivissa, Spain: (1) a highly urbanized area, with tourist uses and a marina; (2) an urbanized area close to the mouth of a torrent; (3) an area devoid of human activity and considered clean. The results showed a higher presence of microplastics (MPs) in the sediments from the highly urbanized area in relation to the other two areas studied. Similarly, a higher number of MPs were observed in the digestive tract of H. tubulosa from the most affected area, decreasing with the degree of anthropic influence. Both in the sediment and in the holothurians, fibers predominated with more than 75% of the items. In the three areas, mesoplastics were analyzed by means of FTIR, showing that the main polymer was polypropylene (27%) followed by low-density polyethylene (17%) and polystyrene (16%). Regarding the biomarkers of oxidative stress, the intestine of H. tubulosa from the most impacted areas showed higher catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GRd), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels compared to the control area. The intermediate area only presented significant differences in GRd and GST with respect to the clean area. The activities of acetylcholinesterase and the levels and malondialdehyde presented similar values in all areas. In conclusion, human activity evaluated with the presence of MPs induced an antioxidant response in H. tubulosa, although without evidence of oxidative damage or neurotoxicity. H. tubulosa, due to its benthic animal characteristics and easy handling, can be a useful species for monitoring purposes.

Plastic waste and its ubiquity in the oceans represent a growing problem for marine life worldwide. Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the sea and easily enter food webs. Xyrichtys novacula L. is one of the main target species of recreational fishing in the Balearic Islands, Spain. In the present study, the quantity of MPs in gastrointestinal tracts of X. novacula from two different areas (a marine protected area (MPA) and a non-protected area) of Eivissa Island (in the Balearic archipelago) has been assessed, as well as MPs evaluation within the sediment of both areas. The results showed that over 80% of sampled individuals had MPs in their gut with an average of 3.9 ± 4.3 plastic items/individual. Eighty percent of these plastics were fibres, while the rest were fragments. Although the sediment of the non-protected area had a significant higher presence of MPs, no significant differences in the number of MPs were observed in X. novacula from both areas. The µ-FT-IR analysis showed that the main polymers in the sediments were polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP), whereas in the digestive tract of fish PC, PP, polyethylene, polystyrene and polyester. In conclusion, practically all X. novacula specimens presented MPs in their digestive tract regardless if the capture zone was in a MPAs or not. These results highlight the ubiquity of MPs in coastal marine areas, and further studies might be necessary to evaluate further implications of MP presence in this species.

Aquest projecte consisteix en el control i simulació d'un refredador de carrosseries durant el procés de pintura del xassís exterior, a causa de les altes temperatures que estan sotmeses s'han de refredar perquè els operaris puguin treballar còmodament amb temperatures òptimes per realitzar les manipulacions durant el procés de muntatge i qualitat. Per dur a terme aquest procés, es realitza un estudi sobre els requisits necessaris segons les peticions proposades pel client tenint en compte les consignes de temperatura i humitat necessàries per realitzar el refredament i no perjudicar l'acabat d’imprimació del vehicle. Per complir amb l'estàndard de client, Rockwell s'utilitzarà com a base per a la programació i simulació de projectes mitjançant RSLogix5000, a més, analitzar i visualitzar el comportament de la instal·lació requereix la visualització d'un HMI utilitzant Intouch amb el qual podrem veure el funcionament del procés i prendre les captures de dades necessàries per a l'ajust durant la posada en marxa com en el futur per fer-ne un seguiment periòdic. El presente proyecto consta de la realización del control y simulación de un enfriador de carrocerías durante el proceso de pintado del chasis exterior, debido a las altas temperaturas que se somete a la carrocería se debe enfriar de tal modo que los operarios puedan trabajar cómodamente con temperaturas óptimas para realizar las manipulaciones durante el proceso de montaje y calidad. Para realizar dicho proceso se realiza un estudio sobre los requisitos necesarios en función de las peticiones propuestas por el cliente teniendo en cuenta las consignas de temperatura y humedad necesarias para realizar el enfriado y no perjudicar el acabado de imprimación de la carrocería. Para cumplir con el estándar del cliente se utilizará Rockwell como base para realizar la programación y la simulación del proyecto mediante RSLogix5000, además para analizar y visualizar el comportamiento de la instalación se requiere la visualización de un HMI mediante Intouch con el que podremos ver el funcionamiento del proceso y realizar las capturas de datos necesarias para el ajuste durante la puesta en marcha como en un futuro para realizar un seguimiento de las misma de manera periódica. This project consists of the control and simulation of a body cooler during the painting process of the outer chassis, due to the high temperatures that are subjected to the body should be cooled so that operators can work comfortably with optimal temperatures to perform the manipulations during the assembly process and quality. To carry out this process, a study is carried out on the necessary requirements according to the requests proposed by the customer taking into account the temperature and humidity consignments necessary to perform the cooling and not to impair the primer finish of the body. To meet the customer standard, Rockwell will be used as the basis for project programming and simulation using RSLogix5000, in addition, analyzing and visualizing the behavior of the installation requires the visualization of an HMI using Intouch with which we will be able to see the operation of the process and take the necessary data captures for adjustment during commissioning as in the future to track them periodically.

Aquaculture is a potential source of microplastics (MPs) that could be strong stressors for marine organisms. In this study, we evaluated the effects of MPs derived from aquaculture in antioxidant defences and oxidative stress markers in gills of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were distributed in three areas with different impacts: inside aquaculture cages, Control 1 (located inside Andratx harbour) and Control 2 (located in a no-anthropized area). Samples were obtained along three different time periods in May (T0), July (T60) and in September (T120). At each sampling period, mussels’ biometric measurements were taken, and tissue samples were kept frozen for biochemical determinations and to determine the intake of MPs. An increase in MPs intake was detected throughout the study, and this increase was significantly higher in samples from the aquaculture cages. Similarly, antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase) were significantly higher in samples from cages at T120. Additionally, a similar tendency was observed in glutathione-s-transferase, with a higher activity in the aquaculture cages at T60 and T120. Malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein derivates as a marker of oxidative damage were also measured and samples from aquaculture cages presented higher oxidative stress markers, mainly in T120. In conclusion, living in environments exposed to aquaculture activities at sea may imply a higher intake of MPs which in turn might cause an antioxidant response in M. galloprovincialis which is not enough to avoid oxidative damage., SI

Background The consumption of omega-3 fatty acids has many beneficial effects for human health, but the intake of foods rich in these fatty acids is not enough to achieve the recommended quantity per person and per day, and their direct addition in foods cause oxidation and unacceptable rancidity and off-flavor. Taking account of all these aspects, this study was aimed to develop stable microcapsules of fish oil (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) and lycopene (antioxidant) and to investigate their effect on different spreads. Results The inclusion of different proportions of lycopene in fish oil did not show great benefits in the quality characteristics of emulsions and microcapsules. After the addition of fish oil and fish oil + lycopene microcapsules to dry-cured ham and cheese spreads, no significant differences were found in the proximal composition and oxidative stability, whereas fatty acids composition and sensory analysis were influenced. The eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids content increased with the fish oil content in both products, but it decreased significantly after storage in the cheese spreads. Addition of microcapsules did not significantly influence on quantitative-descriptive and acceptability sensory analyses in dry-cured spreads, but it negatively affected the flavor of cheese spreading creams. Conclusion There is no need to add antioxidants to improve the stability of the fish oil microcapsules in the present study, which are appropriate as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid vehicles to enrich meat-derived spreading creams. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Meat and meat products are important sources of high-quality proteins, some vitamins, and minerals, but their lipid profile is sometimes put in question. Some approaches have been suggested to impr...

Nowadays, microplastics (MPs) and adsorbed pollutants are considered a global thread to marine ecosystems. This study describes the effects of pollutants and MPs ingestion on fish brains through the assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers and monoaminergic neurotransmitters using gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) as fish model. Juveniles were experimentally exposed to three different dietary treatments for 90 days: Control treatment (C) consisted of standard feed; Virgin treatment (V) contained feed enriched with 10% of MPs; and Exposed treatment (E) consisted of feed with 10% of MPs that were exposed to seawater in an anthropogenically impacted area for 2 months in order to enrich the plastic with the pollutants within the water column. Sampling was made at the start of the experiment (T0), at the end of the dietary treatments (T90) and after a posterior detoxification period of 30 days (T120). Results evidenced that a MPs and pollutants enriched diet increases the activity of some of the oxidative stress biomarkers (e.g. CAT and GST), and it was shown for the first time alterations on dopaminergic and serotonergic system activity on seabream brains, indicating potential neurofunctional effects associated to MPs and pollutants ingestion. In addition, results showed a tendency to recover enzymatic and brain monoaminergic neurotransmitter levels after a 30-day detoxification period. In conclusion, MPs and pollutants exposure for 90 days induced oxidative stress and changes on monoaminergic activity in the brain of S. aurata., Funding was provided by the research project “Plásticos derivados de la acuicultura: impactos y efectos en las redes tróficas marinas” (ACUIPLASTIC), with reference number CTM2017-88332-R and funded by the Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, en el marco del Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016, from the Spanish Government. LIMIA aquaculture station provided the installations and collaborated in the ACUIPLASTIC project. E. Álvarez, B. Ríos, M. Compa and J.M. Valencia provided laboratory and sampling support. A. Solomando was supported by an FPU Fellowship from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities from the Spanish Government (FPU18/04689). A. Sureda was granted by the Programme of Promotion of Biomedical Research and Health Sciences, Instituto de Salud Carlos III [CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038].

The quantification of fatty acids (FA) in meat products is frequently carried out by two-stage methylation procedures followed by long gas chromatography (GC) runs. This work aimed to simplify this methodology by means of a one-stage transmethylation method and a fast GC run, evaluating the influence of sample preparation, reagents and type of heating on the amount of FA in different meat products and optimizing a fast GC-FID (flame ionization detector) run. This allowed to establish the optimum combination of parameters (methanol + chlorotrimethylsilane, lyophilized samples and oven heating) to achieve the quantification of the highest possible amount of FA and to reduce the time of GC run from 60 to 10 min. The quality evaluation of this method obtained satisfactory results. Thus, the quantification of FA in meat products was achieved in a straightforwardly and quickly way by using a one-stage transmethylation procedure followed by a fast GC-FID run.