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Six varieties of green leafy vegetables, namely, Amaranthus hybridus, Corchorus olitorius, O. gratissimum, Talinum triangulare, Telfaria occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina were estimated in their raw, steamed and boiled forms for their mineral compositions. The effect of two different cooking methods (steaming i.e. water blanching and boiling) on fresh leafy vegetables were also evaluated. The mineral contents of fresh leaves of the vegetables were determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence techniques (EDXRF). The results from EDXRF analysis of mineral contents of the six leafy vegetables revealed that fresh, steamed and boiled C. olitorius had the highest quantity of K (133.5, 131.5 and 91.2 mg/100 g) and Zn (28.9, 28.4 and 21.4 mg/100 g) respectively. The fresh, steamed and boiled T. occidentalis had the highest quantity of Ca (124.2, 122.2 and 80.3 mg/100 g), Na (102.2, 100.6 and 71.1 mg/100 g) and Mg (324.5, 319.2 and 225.5 mg/100 g) respectively, while the fresh, steamed and boiled A. hybridus had the highest quantity of Fe (48.6, 47.7 and 29.1 mg/100 g) respectively. The results of percentage loss of mineral composition revealed that almost 40 % of minerals in boiled vegetables was lost, while the amount lost in steamed vegetables was < 2 %. The results obtained from evaluation of sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio showed that all fresh and steamed leafy vegetables have the same values but the boiled leafy vegetables gave different values. The results have shown that vegetables could serve a better source of some important minerals that can contribute qualitatively to the nutritional need of humans. Based on the results from the processing of vegetables, we suggest that the daily nutritional needs can better be acquired by consuming the steamed processed vegetables rather than consuming the boiled processed vegetables, which would also probably reduce high blood pressure diseases.

There are sex-related differences in the epidemiology, presentation, diagnostic testing, and management of ischemic heart disease in women compared with men. The adjusted morbidity and mortality are persistently higher, particularly in younger women and Blacks. Women have more angina but less obstructive coronary artery disease, which affects delays in presentation and diagnosis and testing accuracy. The nonbiological factors play a significant role in access to care, ischemic heart disease management, and guideline adherence. Future research focus includes sex-specific outcomes, characterization of the biological differences, and implementation science around quality of clinical care.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Health inequities continue to exist globally especially when it comes to surgical and anesthesia services. Due to the lack of physician anesthesiologists in low- and middle-income countries, there has been an increase in the number of medical mission trips. Although these volunteers are attempting to fulfill a need they must be mindful and remember to adhere to ethical principles as they work collaboratively with host institutions. We will review the ethical dilemmas inherent in anesthesia mission trips. RECENT FINDINGS Physician volunteers for medical missions may cause significant harm to patients and host communities if they do not work in tandem with host institutions. SUMMARY Medical missions fulfill acute medical needs and have the opportunity to make a positive contribution to host communities by fulfilling local needs and supporting educational efforts for local providers.

Older individuals encounter the greatest racial/gender biases. It is unknown whether younger generations, who often lead culture shifts, have racial and gender biases against older populations. Using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk’s crowdsourcing, we identified how an individual’s race and gender are associated with perceptions of individuals aged mid-60s. Participants were asked to rate photograph appearances on Likert Scale (1–10). Interactions between participant and photograph race and gender were assessed with mixed effects models. Delta represents rating differences (positive value higher rating for Whites or women, negative value higher rating for African-Americans or men). Among 1563 participants (mean 35 years ± 12), both non-Hispanic White (WP) and all Other race/ethnicity (OP) participants perceived African-American photos as more trustworthy [Delta WP -0.60(95%CI–0.83, − 0.37); Delta OP − 0.51(− 0.74,-0.28), interaction p = 0.06], more attractive [Delta non-Hispanic White participants − 0.63(− 0.97, − 0.29); Delta Other race/ethnicity participants − 0.40 (− 0.74, − 0.28), interaction p

Spreads are made from plant oil and similar to margarine but with lower fat. In this study, Bambara spreads (BS) were made from pre-treated Bambara groundnuts using two different methods which are ...

Physico-chemical parameters and microbial contents of Ogun River at Magodo area, Lagos were investigated in relation to its safety for consumption. Water samples were weekly collected between August and December, 2016 at three equi-distance intervals for analysis on physico-chemical parameters, total bacterial count and biochemical tests following standard recommended procedures. Mean concentrations of the physico-chemical parameters were found in ranges for pH (6.68 ± 0.15 - 6.86 ± 0.21), temperature (26.78 ± 0.14 – 26.92 ± 0.31), electrical conductivity (355.40 ± 101.93 – 456.40 ± 115.77), total dissolved solids (166.80 ± 48.08 - 215.00 ± 54.29), dissolved oxygen (7.06 ± 0.01 - 7.08 ± 0.02), biochemical oxygen demand (25.59 ± 0.03 - 25.64 ± 0.01), chemical oxygen demand (98.75 ± 0.03 - 98.84 ± 0.02), total hardness (345.80 ± 1.28 - 349.40 ± 3.87), total alkalinity (9.28 ± 0.02 - 9.33 ± 0.02), nitrate (0.27 ± 0.00 - 0.28 ± 0.00), sulphate (0.55 ± 0.05 - 0.62 ± 0.00) and chloride (68.84 ± 0.77 - 74.97 ± 1.23). Total colony forming unit (Cfu) of bacteria in the river was found highest in descending order Centrimide Agar (CA) > Mac-Conkey Agar (MCA) > Plate Count Agar (PCA) > Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) at the first and second serial dilution respectively. Biochemical tests showed the presence of Staphylococcus species, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus sp., Salmonella sp. and Baccillus sp. in the river. Variations in the microbial load and physico-chemical parameters in Ogun River as a result of different human activities around the river was found within the standard limits which makes the River safe for human consumption. Key words: River Ogun, microbial load, bacterial count, biochemical tests Trop.

The formation and stabilization of multiple bonds between a lanthanide cation and an anionic p-block element fragment are challenging, and only a few examples of such terminal complexes have been reported to date. Notably, all reported synthetic routes to lanthanide-imido moieties employed deprotonation as the key formation step. In the present report, we describe the generation of a Ce(IV) imido complex by a trimethylsilyl group transfer pathway. Experimental and computational evidence supports an equilibrium proceeding by a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution mechanism.

Chemical oxidation of cerium complexes can be unpredictable because of labile metal–ligand bonds leading to ligand redistribution. The use of tripodal frameworks such as silyl-substituted tren ligands (NN′3 = [N(CH2CH2N(SiMe2tBu))3]3–) and a tris(hydroxylaminato) ligand, [((2-tBuNO)C6H4CH2)3N]3– (TriNOx3–), has been shown to mitigate ligand redistribution effects to allow access to tetravalent cerium complexes with different apical ligands. In the current work, the coordination chemistry of CeIV with the related tripodal atrane3– (H3atrane = [N(CH2C(CH3)2OH)3]) ligand framework was examined. A series of CeIV(atrane) complexes with supporting chloride, silylamide, and aryloxide ligands were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The solution-state behaviors of these complexes were studied using 1H and diffusion-ordered (DOSY) NMR spectroscopies. The electrochemical stabilization of the CeIV cation within the atrane3– framework was examined. Our results showed that a combination of suitable...

Background Race influences medical decision making, but its impact on advanced heart failure therapy allocation is unknown. We sought to determine whether patient race influences allocation of advanced heart failure therapies. Methods and Results Members of a national heart failure organization were randomized to clinical vignettes that varied by patient race (black or white man) and were blinded to study objectives. Participants (N=422) completed Likert scale surveys rating factors for advanced therapy allocation and think‐aloud interviews (n=44). Survey results were analyzed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariable regression to identify factors influencing advanced therapy allocation, including interactions with vignette race and participant demographics. Interviews were analyzed using grounded theory. Surveys revealed no differences in overall racial ratings for advanced therapies. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression selected no interactions between vignette race and clinical factors as important in allocation. However, interactions between participants aged ≥40 years and black vignette negatively influenced heart transplant allocation modestly (−0.58; 95% CI , −1.15 to −0.0002), with adherence and social history the most influential factors. Interviews revealed sequential decision making: forming overall impression, identifying urgency, evaluating prior care appropriateness, anticipating challenges, and evaluating trust while making recommendations. Race influenced each step: avoiding discussing race, believing photographs may contribute to racial bias, believing the black man was sicker compared with the white man, developing greater concern for trust and adherence with the black man, and ultimately offering the white man transplantation and the black man ventricular assist device implantation. Conclusions Black race modestly influenced decision making for heart transplant, particularly during conversations. Because advanced therapy selection meetings are conversations rather than surveys, allocation may be vulnerable to racial bias.

We present first-principle calculations of structural, electronic, and optical properties of zinc-blende (z) B x Al y Ga 1 - x - y N quaternary alloy, using alchemical mixing of plane-wave pseudopotentals method based on density functional theory (DFT). Generalized gradient approximation (GGA) is used to describe exchange–correlation potential coupled with the Perdew, Burk and Ernzerhof (PBE) flavour. The calculated structural properties, equilibrum lattice constant and bulk modulus are in excellent agreement with available theoretical and experimental data. The bandgaps obtained depend on alloying concentrations x and y. The bandgap and density of states (DOS) are in good agreement with available theoretical data. The optical spectra obtained are given in the energy range of 0–8 eV. The results obtained in this calculation indicate that z - B x Al y Ga 1 - x - y N alloy is a desirable material for manufacturing of deep ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs).

Oxidation of in situ generated CeIII(atrane) (atrane = [N(CH2C(CH3)2O)3]3–) with iodine or FcBArF afforded the novel cationic tetravalent cerium salts [CeIV(atrane)(thf)3][I3] and [CeIV(atrane)(thf)3][BArF], both of which showed coordination by three THF molecules.