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Стаття розглядає логіку як елемент юридичних міркувань та її застосування у процесі складання юридичних документів. Володіння мистецтвом складання юридичних документів є безцінним умінням у професійній юридичній діяльності представників різних юридичних професій, яке може забезпечити їх зрозумілість та чіткість, відповідно і належний захист прав. Невід’ємною частиною цього уміння є логіка як елемент юридичних міркувань, правильність її застосування. До елементарних правил логіки звертаються представники різних юридичних професій, робота яких пов’язана з правовими нормами та складанням юридичних документів. Юридичне міркування, пов’язане з тлумаченням нормативно-правових актів та їх застосування до справ, під час оцінки доказів і прийняття остаточних рішень, які знаходять свій вияв у юридичній документації є важливим засобом досягнення верховенства права. Завдяки особливому юридичному мисленню юристи отримують здатність розглядати будь-яку річ з конкретної, а не абстрактної точки зору. Кожен успішний юрист повинен добре володіти законами формальної та неформальною логіки, правилами оперування поняттями, судженнями, умовиводами. Логіка — це наука про те, як ми повинні міркувати, якщо наша мета – відкрити істину. Нехтування законами формальної логіки у процесі складання юридичних документів (тотожності, суперечності, виключеного третього та достатньої підстави) призводить до помилок. Відсутність необхідних вмінь може виявлятися в композиції тексту юридичних документів у вигляді помилок, що, своєю чергою, може спричинити серйозні наслідки у вигляді порушень прав та свобод людини та, як наслідок – принципу верховенства права. Знання формальної та неформальної логіки, особливостей її застосування, сприятиме розвитку умінь правильного та ефективного юридичного міркування, яке оволодіти мистецтвом складання юридичних документів – безцінним умінням у професійній юридичній діяльності представників різних юридичних професій, що є безумовним фундаментом дотримання у нашій державі прав та свобод людини, а також реалізації принципу верховенства права.

The article discusses the public diplomacy potential to reduce the socio-cultural threats of the border regions located on the western borders of Russia. The key problem in the context of the deep transformation of the post-Soviet socio-cultural landscape is that at the level of cross-border interaction, public diplomacy acquires a special meaning and significant potential. The socio-cultural proximity of local and ethnic communities of the border region significantly increases the opportunities for public diplomacy in the format of cultural exchange. Acting as a tool for achieving the global goals of the state’s foreign policy, public diplomacy can be used in the practice of resolving international conflicts and threats. For the first time, the results of sociological diagnostics of the readiness of the border territories population to participate in the implementation of public diplomacy projects, awareness of the forms of public diplomacy and the possibilities of participation in such projects and major international programs implemented in the regions, as well as the effectiveness of non-profit organizations of border regions implementing projects in the field of public diplomacy are presented. The article explores the specification of the directions and forms of public diplomacy at the regional level in the cross-border interaction of the Eurasian Union, the importance of the development of twinning relations for border cities is noted, the importance of the practice of public diplomacy, both at the level of non-profit organizations and in the form of cross-border communication of the population to reduce various socio-cultural threats inherent in the border area is emphasized. The close attention is paid to the interaction of cultures and ethnic groups of border regions, once unified ethno-cultural communities separated by state borders. The authors touch upon the socio-cultural threats of the frontier space – an invisible spatial area within which the common ethno-cultural identity of the population extends beyond the state borders. In the final part of the article the conclusions are presented on the main results and recommendations that will not only increase the effectiveness of public diplomacy projects in the border regions, but also concentrate the activities of its main actors on reducing socio-cultural threats characteristic of the western borderlands of Russia.

The impact of the active hostilities associated with Russia’s large-scale armed invasion of the territory of Ukraine on soil degradation as a result of military actions has resulted in soil damage due to heavy military armored vehicles. Debris from destroyed military equipment, ammunition, and fuel remnants lead to multi-factor damage to the soil system, causing local and global pollution and losses of soil resources. In all the studied cases, mechanical, chemical, and physical soil degradation were observed. This was manifested in changes in granulometric fractions at explosion sites, burning areas, and locations with heavy-metal contamination. Equipment incineration has resulted in an increase in the sand fraction (2.0–0.05 mm) by 1.2–1.8 times and a decrease in the clay fraction (

The crystal structure of the new ternary ThNi6Si6 and UNi6Si6 intermetallic compounds has been investigated by means of both single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction followed by Rietveld refinement. Both compounds adopt the tetragonal CeNi6Si6-type structure, crystallizing in the space group P4/nbm (No. 125) (Pearson’s symbol tP52). This prototype is a ternary defect-derivative of the binary NaZn13-type. A group-theoretical analysis carried out in this work illustrates the structural relationship occurring among the aristotype NaZn13-type, the partially disordered CeNi6Si6 and the fully ordered YNi6Si6 hettotype crystal structures.Zero-field low-temperature electrical resistivity data show a metallic behaviour for both materials. DC magnetic measurements from room temperature down to 2 K reveal diamagnetic behaviour for ThNi6Si6, indicating that Ni atoms do not carry any magnetic moment. On the other hand, the effective magnetic moment per formula unit for UNi6Ni6 is found to be µeff = 3.07(1) µB, suggesting a trivalent (U3+) or tetravalent (U4+) state for U atoms with partial delocalization of 5 f electrons. No magnetic ordering down to 2 K is seen in UNi6Si6. No superconducting transition was detected, neither in UNi6Si6 nor in ThNi6Si6 in the available temperature interval (2 K ≤ T ≤ 300 K).

Within the 9th European Framework programme, since 2021 EUROfusion is operating five tokamaks under the auspices of a single Task Force called ‘Tokamak Exploitation’. The goal is to benefit from the complementary capabilities of each machine in a coordinated way and help in developing a scientific output scalable to future largre machines. The programme of this Task Force ensures that ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST and JET (since 2022) work together to achieve the objectives of Missions 1 and 2 of the EUROfusion Roadmap: i) demonstrate plasma scenarios that increase the success margin of ITER and satisfy the requirements of DEMO and, ii) demonstrate an integrated approach that can handle the large power leaving ITER and DEMO plasmas. The Tokamak Exploitation task force has therefore organized experiments on these two missions with the goal to strengthen the physics and operational basis for the ITER baseline scenario and for exploiting the recent plasma exhaust enhancements in all four devices (PEX: Plasma EXhaust) for exploring the solution for handling heat and particle exhaust in ITER and develop the conceptual solutions for DEMO. The ITER Baseline scenario has been developed in a similar way in ASDEX Upgrade, TCV and JET. Key risks for ITER such as disruptions and run-aways have been also investigated in TCV, ASDEX Upgrade and JET. Experiments have explored successfully different divertor configurations (standard, super-X, snowflakes) in MAST-U and TCV and studied tungsten melting in WEST and ASDEX Upgrade. The input from the smaller devices to JET has also been proven successful to set-up novel control schemes on disruption avoidance and detachment.

In 2021 JET exploited its unique capabilities to operate with T and D–T fuel with an ITER-like Be/W wall (JET-ILW). This second major JET D–T campaign (DTE2), after DTE1 in 1997, represented the culmination of a series of JET enhancements—new fusion diagnostics, new T injection capabilities, refurbishment of the T plant, increased auxiliary heating, in-vessel calibration of 14 MeV neutron yield monitors—as well as significant advances in plasma theory and modelling in the fusion community. DTE2 was complemented by a sequence of isotope physics campaigns encompassing operation in pure tritium at high T-NBI power. Carefully conducted for safe operation with tritium, the new T and D–T experiments used 1 kg of T (vs 100 g in DTE1), yielding the most fusion reactor relevant D–T plasmas to date and expanding our understanding of isotopes and D–T mixture physics. Furthermore, since the JET T and DTE2 campaigns occurred almost 25 years after the last major D–T tokamak experiment, it was also a strategic goal of the European fusion programme to refresh operational experience of a nuclear tokamak to prepare staff for ITER operation. The key physics results of the JET T and DTE2 experiments, carried out within the EUROfusion JET1 work package, are reported in this paper. Progress in the technological exploitation of JET D–T operations, development and validation of nuclear codes, neutronic tools and techniques for ITER operations carried out by EUROfusion (started within the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme and continuing under the Horizon Europe FP) are reported in (Litaudon et al Nucl. Fusion accepted), while JET experience on T and D–T operations is presented in (King et al Nucl. Fusion submitted).

The R23Cu7Mg4 (R = Ca, Eu) intermetallics, studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, were found to be isostructural with the Yb23Cu7Mg4 prototype (hP68, k4h2fca, space group P63/mmc), forming a small group inside the bigger 23:7:4 family, otherwise adopting the hP68-Pr23Ir7Mg4 crystal structure. The observed structural peculiarity is connected with the divalent character of the R component and with a noticeable volume contraction, resulting in the clear clustering of title compounds inside the whole 23:7:4 family. The occurrence of fragments typical of similar compounds, particularly Cu-centered trigonal prisms and Mg-centered core–shell polyicosahedral clusters with R at vertices, induced the search of significant structural relationships. In this work, a description of the hexagonal crystal structure of the studied compounds is proposed as a linear intergrowth along the c-direction of the two types of slabs, R10CuMg3 (parent type: hP28-kh2ca, SG 194) and R13Cu6Mg (parent type: hR60-b6a2, SG 160). The ratio of these slabs in the studied structure is 2:2 per unit cell, corresponding to the simple equation, 2 × R10CuMg3 + 2 × R13Cu6Mg = 2 × R23Cu7Mg4. This description assimilates the studied compounds to the {Ca, Eu, Yb}4CuMg ones, where the same slabs (of p3m1 layer symmetry) are stacked in a different way/ratio and constitutes a further step towards a structural generalization of R-rich ternary intermetallics.

The roles of the molecularly assisted ionization (MAI), recombination (MAR) and dissociation (MAD) reaction chains with respect to the purely atomic ionization and recombination processes were studied experimentally during detachment in low-confinement mode (L-mode) plasmas in JET with the help of experimentally inferred divertor plasma and neutral conditions, extracted previously from filtered camera observations of deuterium Balmer emission, and the reaction coefficients provided by the ADAS, AMJUEL and H2VIBR atomic and molecular databases. The direct contribution of MAI and MAR in the outer divertor particle balance was found to be inferior to the electron–atom ionization (EAI) and electron–ion recombination (EIR). Near the outer strike point, a strong atom source due to the D2+-driven MAD was, however, observed to correlate with the onset of detachment at outer strike point temperatures of Te,osp=0.9–2.0 eV via increased plasma-neutral interactions before the increasing dominance of EIR at Te,osp< 0.9 eV, followed by increasing degree of detachment. The analysis was supported by predictions from EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations which were in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations.

Measurements of the ion currents to and plasma conditions at the low-field side (LFS) divertor target plate in low-confinement mode plasmas in the JET ITER-like wall materials configuration show that the core plasma density required to detach the LFS divertor plasma is independent of the hydrogenic species protium, deuterium and tritium, and a 40 %/60 % deuterium–tritium mixture. This observation applies to a divertor plasma configuration with the LFS strike line connected to the horizontal part of the LFS divertor chosen because of its superior diagnostic coverage. The finding is independent of the operational status of the JET cryogenic pump. The electron temperature (Te) at the LFS strike line was markedly reduced from 25 eV to 5 eV over a narrow range of increasing core plasma density, and observed to be between 2 eV and 3 eV at the onset of detachment. The electron density (ne) peaks across the LFS plasma when Te at the target plate is 1 eV, and spatially moves to the X-point for higher core densities. The density limit was found approximately 20 % higher in protium than in tritium and deuterium–tritium plasmas.

The disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is multi-organ and involves almost all organs and systems. Myalgias and arthralgias and, in particular, back pain are common symptoms of COVID-19 and can be observed both at the onset of the disease and in the postcovid period. The causes of muscle and joint damage include both systemic inflammation and direct viral injury. Traditionally, musculoskeletal pain is treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, using this drug class in patients with COVID-19 requires caution due to the presence of comorbid diseases and possible complications of viral infection. The review discusses clinical variants and pathophysiological mechanisms of joints and muscles damage in patients with COVID-19 and treatment tactics for patients with musculoskeletal pain.

For JET L-mode plasmas in low-recycling conditions (electron temperature at the outer strike point, Te,ot≳30eV), SOLPS-ITER simulations agree within the error bars for the experimental profiles at the low-field side (LFS) divertor target. The peak Balmer-α (Dα) emission in the LFS divertor agrees within the error bars of the KS3 filterscope diagnostic, but is approximately 30% lower than the peak value of the KT1 spectrometer. Simulations have been performed with fluid, kinetic, and hybrid models for the neutrals. The large fluid-kinetic discrepancies of more than a factor 2 are successfully corrected by using a hybrid fluid-kinetic approach, for which kinetic atoms are transferred to the fluid population when the local Knudsen number of the atom becomes smaller than a user-defined transition Knudsen number Knt. The hybrid-kinetic discrepancies are limited to a few % for Knt≤100. When increasing the upstream density to high-recycling conditions, at the onset of detachment (Te,ot≈5eV), the simulations predict more than a factor 2 lower peak ion saturation current to the LFS divertor than the experiments. Also the Dα emission is underpredicted with approximately a factor 2. For these high-recycling conditions, the fluid-kinetic discrepancies are limited to maximum 50%, which are again corrected by using the hybrid approach.

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of nerve compression. The first attack usually occurs in the second or third decade of life. In the majority of cases, HNPP is associated with a mutation at chromosome 17 p11.2-12 comprising the gene encoding peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22). Here we present a case report of a 43-year-old male with HNPP confirmed by DNA testing. The patient complained of recurrent episodes of bilateral foot extensor muscles weakness and/or hyperesthesia on the outer surface of the hands and forearms, which started after a prolonged posture maintaining and without evident precipitating factors. We also describe typical clinical, electrophysiological, and nerve ultrasound characteristics of the disease.

In today ‘s world, back pain is a heavy burden and leads to a decrease in the working capacity, quality of life of people. The choice of tactics of treatment of pain in a back is defined by the pain reason: nonspecific pain, the specific pain caused by serious diseases or a compression of a root. The most frequent cause of back pain is nonspecific pain due to myofascial, muscular-tonic syndrome, facet syndrome, and sacral-iliac joint dysfunction in lower back pain. The article presents clinical symptoms of these syndrome, as well as techniques of neuroorthopedic examination, which allow to detect one or more abrasions of back pain. To prevent acute non-specific pain, it is recommended to prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and muscle relaxants. Along with pharmacological treatments, treatment of patients with back pain should be more comprehensive and include cognitive-behavioral therapy and kinesiotherapy. Determination of the source of back pain in neuroorthopedic examination makes it possible to carry out local therapy in stages using blockages with local anesthetics and glucocorticoids. In case of insufficient effectiveness of blockades, it is possible to carry out radiofrequency denervation of facet joints or sacral-iliac). Clinical and neuroorthopedic examination of a patient with back pain with identification of sources of pain, analysis of the causes that led to its development, adequate treatment and recommendations to prevent repeated exacerbations can significantly reduce the risk of chronization of back pain and improve the quality of life of patients.

The first results of investigation of edge localized modes (ELMs) in the Globus-M2 tokamak using the Doppler backscattering method are presented in this paper. Specifically, ELMs that are initiated by sawtooth crashes in the H-mode are discussed. The goal of this paper is study plasma turbulence behaviour during ELMs and to showcase what ELM characteristics can be obtained using Doppler backscattering (DBS). An increase of the poloidal rotation velocity during an ELM burst and a decrease in the inter-ELM periods was observed. The effect of ELMs on the plasma turbulence was investigated and estimated to span around 6 cm inside the separatrix. This is to do with the fact that the sawtooth crashes which are responsible for initiating the ELMs take place in the core plasma. Additional experiments with standard reflectometry indicate that ELMs develop 3 cm inside the separatrix where the pedestal region is believed to be in Globus-M2. The direction of the expansion of the ELMs from the inner plasma region to the edge was determined and the velocity was estimated to be around 8 km s ^−1 . During a single ELM burst a series of filament structures were found in the peripheral DBS channels. In an attempt to understand the processes involved modelling of the reaction of the DBS signals to filaments was done using the BOUT ++ and IPF-FD3D full-wave codes, and the cases for both linear and nonlinear scattering were considered. The results show that the presence of nonlinear scattering during ELMs can lead to an overestimation of the measured velocity values in the region of filament existence near the separatrix.

Забезпечення фінансової безпеки є ключовим завданням менеджерів та власників підприємств всіх форм власності, оскільки від неї залежить його подальший розвиток та фінансова стійкість. Методологічною базою дослідження послужили праці вітчизняних науковців, які розкривають понятійно-категоріальний апарат з питань фінансової безпеки підприємства. У дослідженні, відповідно до поставленої мети, проаналізовані та систематизовані наукові підходи до визначення поняття «фінансова безпека підприємства», виділені їх особливості. За результатами проведеного дослідження авторами було запропоновано уточнену класифікацію підходів до виявлення суті дефініції «фінансова безпека підприємства» за змістом формування. Отримані результати мають значну практичну цінність і можуть бути використані власниками або керівниками компаній для удосконалення політики розвитку підприємства та підвищення ефективності управління ним.

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus and can develop just at the prediabetes stage. As DPN progresses and, in the absence of its adequate treatment, leads to worse quality of life and its shorter expectancy in patients. The paper discusses current clinical guidelines for the examination and management of patients with DPN, diagnostic methods, and pathogenetic treatment of this disease.

Low back pain (lumbodynia) is a most common reason for seeking medical care and a most common of disability. The review presents current clinical guidelines for the management of patients with acute nonspecific lumbodynia. The diagnosis of acute nonspecific lumbodynia is based on clinical findings and, in most cases, requires no instrumental studies. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are most effective in reducing pain. Additional therapies, such as therapeutic exercises, manual therapy, massage, acupuncture, etc., are discussed. There are data on the use of B vitamins, Milgamma® in particular, in acute non-specific lumbalgia.

Estimates for 2D distributions of electron density, ne, and temperature, Te, have been obtained using reflection-corrected tomographic reconstructions of deuterium Balmer line emission in the JET divertor. The solutions are obtained by a two-dimensional Monte Carlo optimization model, based on intensity ratios of the Balmer Dα, Dγ and Dε emission and the ADAS photon emission coefficients with additional constraints provided by line-integrated spectroscopic measurements of ne and Te. Synthetic benchmarks utilizing EDGE2D-EIRENE simulation outputs yield reproduction of reference ne and Te distributions within 25% with statistical error estimates of 5–15%. Experimental analysis of an L-mode ne ramp shows extension and movement of the outer divertor high-ne region with ne,div up to 1.5 × 1020 m−3 from the outer strike point to above the X-point and decrease of the divertor Te to the range of 0.5–1.0 eV within 25% agreement with the line-integrated measurements. Comparison between the local estimates and their corresponding line integrals suggests underestimation of ne and Te by up to 75% and 50%, respectively, due to the geometric effects of line integration.

Experiments in JET-ILW Ohmic confinement mode plasmas show that the line-averaged detachment onset density in deuterium discharges is approx. 10% lower than in hydrogen discharges. The magnitude of the isotope effect on the detachment onset density depends on the divertor geometry, the magnetic configuration and the throughput of the sub-divertor/divertor cryopump system. Simulations with the edge fluid code EDGE2D-EIRENE revealed that the pumping of neutral gas within the JET divertor is effective near the outer divertor target only. The studies show that the magnitude of the isotope effect is determined by the molecular pressure in the sub-divertor pumping plenum.According to the simulations, operating in vertical configurations or closer proximity of the strike point increases the molecular pressure (and thus throughput) in front of the outer pumping plenum by up to 15% compared to the horizontal configuration, thus producing a stronger isotope effect on the detachment onset density. Similarly, EDGE2D-EIRENE predicts that plasma, hence neutral, redistribution due to E × B drifts in favourable BT configurations (ion B × grad(B) towards the divertor) decreases the throughput. The total decrease of the throughput reduces the isotope effect on the detachment onset density, and decreases the detachment onset density for both isotopes.

The disease caused by COVID-19 is multi-organ and involves almost all organs and systems. Myalgias and arthralgias and back pain are common symptoms of COVID-19 and can be observed both at the onset of the disease and in the postcoid period. The cause of muscle and joint damage is both systemic inflammation and direct damage by the virus. Musculoskeletal pain can be observed both at the onset of the disease and in the post-COVID period. Traditionally, musculoskeletal pain is treated with NSAIDs, however, the use of this group of drugs in patients with COVID-19 requires caution as to comorbidity and possible complications of viral infection. The article discusses clinical variants and pathogenetic mechanisms of damage of joints and muscles against the background of COVID-19 infection as well as treatment tactics for patients with skeletal muscle syndrome.

Trapping carbon dioxide within usable chemicals is a promising means to mitigate climate change, yet electrochemical C–C couplings are challenging to perform. Here, the authors prepared iron oxyhydroxides on nitrogen-doped carbon that efficiently convert carbon dioxide to acetic acid.

Modern conditions of the economic development based on market principles require significant changes in the system of economic governance both at national and regional levels, including in the management of inter-industry complexes, one of the most effective tools of which is the state governance. Investment and innovation policy is one of the most influential government economic methods of management of backbone enterprises in the region. The aim of state investment and innovation policy is primarily the creation of competitive environment and provision of structural changes and economic growth by improving the investment climate in the country, the development and intensification of the investment process, targeting investments in the priority sectors and programs. The importance of innovation potential in the socio-economic development of the country and regions is due primarily to the fact that the current conditions of industrial development and, as a result, the state’s and region’s economy, need a manufacturing application of innovative technologies as an indispensable condition to improve the competitiveness of the country and inter-industry complexes, among others. Providing the implementation of innovative technologies in production processes is one of the main duties of the state in the implementation of innovation policy. Thus, public authorities, both at national and regional levels, should create conditions for incentives of innovative activity, facilitating the rapid implementation of innovations in the production of specific products. The success of such processes is possible only by joint industrial, commercial, and banking capital into structures that are able to produce high-tech products, such as technopolis, technology parks, technological clusters, etc. Investments are the material basis of innovative processes. Activisation of investment activity, increased investments from all sources, and their effective use in innovation activities is a prerequisite for the sustainable economic development of Ukraine. The multidisciplinary nature of the economy indicates the need to use the relative interchangeability of the main types of productive resources in order to manage them most effectively within the enterprise, industry, and region. The quantitative measure of interchangeability of resources can be determined by establishing the functional dependence of their influence on the efficiency of production. Mathematical apparatus for the translation of multi-dimensional quantities in a comparable view is developed on the basis of existing modifications of production functions. It is determined that effective management of the development of the innovative potential of regional SES is carried out with the help of information support, which helps to obtain the synergy effect taking into account the following features: the complexity of the use of resources; complementarity of resources; interchangeability of resources. In connection with this, an interchangeability of resources has been proposed, which allows determining the variants of potential levels in the production of a certain volume of production in order to manoeuvre the resources in regional SES, which will ensure effective management of potential in general and innovative potential in particular.

Objective. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of chromium disilicide and titanium nitride nanoparticles on the expression level of genes encoding important regulatory factors (IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGFBP4, IGFBP5, SNARK/NUAK2, CD36, and PECAM1/CD31) in mouse liver for evaluation of possible toxic effects of these nanoparticles.

We have studied the effect of chromium disilicide and titanium nitride nanoparticles on the expression level of genes encoding important regulatory enzymes and factors (NAMPT, UPS7, E2F8, FAS/TNFSF6, TBX3, and IL13RA2) in mouse liver for evaluation of possible toxic effects of these nanoparticles. It was shown that treatment of mice by titanium nitride nanoparticles (20 nm; 20 mg with food every working day for 2 months) led to up-regulation of the expression of NAMPT, FAS, TBX3, and IL13RA2 genes and to down-regulation of USP7 and E2F8 genes in the liver tissue. Changes for TBX3 and IL13RA2 genes were more significant than for other genes. Furthermore, treatment of mice by chromium disilicide nanoparticles (45 nm; 20 mg with food every working day for 2 months) led to more significant changes in the expression of USP7, E2F8, FAS, and TBX3 genes in comparison to the effect of titanium nitride nanoparticles. At the same time, effect of titanium nitride nanoparticles on the expression of NAMPT gene in the liver tissue was stronger as compared to chromium disilicide nanoparticles. Additionally, treatment of mice by chromium disilicide nanoparticles did not change significantly the expression of IL13RA2 gene in the liver. The present study demonstrates that chromium disilicide and titanium nitride nanoparticles had variable effects on the expression of most studied genes in a gene specific manner, which possibly reflect genotoxic activities of studied nanoparticles, but molecular mechanisms of observed changes in gene expressions warrant further investigation.

COVID 19 is a litmus test for TNCs in the field of social responsibility. A scientific and methodological approach to determining the level and activation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of business in the national economy in the form of a three-dimensional matrix model of positioning the level of development of CSR of business units in the coordinate system: social, environmental and economic components of CSR has been developed. The methods used in the study, the construction of the Gibbs Triangle and the method of taxonomy to determine the most influential aspects of GRI reporting (G4), allowed to propose a CSR monitoring system for key business performance indicators. The results of the analysis of this study allow distinguishing five areas of responsibility: the necessary level of responsibility - for statutory obligations, the developed level - active charitable and sponsorship, high level - responsibility to internal and external stakeholders, strategic - focus on the social investment state level, as well as synergetic - a comprehensive combination of all components of the CSR. In conclusion, the level and activation of corporate social responsibility of industrial enterprises in the form of a three-dimensional matrix model of positioning the level of development of business units in the coordinate system: social, environmental, and economic components, has been determined to develop alternative scenarios to justify management decisions.