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1. Brain Imaging of the Cortex in ADHD: A Coordinated Analysis of Large-Scale Clinical and Population-Based Samples

Author

Hoogman, Martine, Muetzel, Ryan, Guimaraes, Joao P, Shumskaya, Elena, Mennes, Maarten, Zwiers, Marcel P, Jahanshad, Neda, Sudre, Gustavo, Wolfers, Thomas, Earl, Eric A, Soliva Vila, Juan Carlos, Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda, Khadka, Sabin, Novotny, Stephanie E, Hartman, Catharina A, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, Schweren, Lizanne JS, Ambrosino, Sara, Oranje, Bob, de Zeeuw, Patrick, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Rosa, Pedro GP, Zanetti, Marcus V, Malpas, Charles B, Kohls, Gregor, von Polier, Georg G, Seitz, Jochen, Biederman, Joseph, Doyle, Alysa E, Dale, Anders M, van Erp, Theo GM, Epstein, Jeffery N, Jernigan, Terry L, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Ziegler, Georg C, Zierhut, Kathrin C, Schrantee, Anouk, Høvik, Marie F, Lundervold, Astri J, Kelly, Clare, McCarthy, Hazel, Skokauskas, Norbert, O’Gorman Tuura, Ruth L, Calvo, Anna, Lera-Miguel, Sara, Nicolau, Rosa, Chantiluke, Kaylita C, Christakou, Anastasia, Vance, Alasdair, Cercignani, Mara, Gabel, Matt C, Asherson, Philip, Baumeister, Sarah, Brandeis, Daniel, Hohmann, Sarah, Bramati, Ivanei E, Tovar-Moll, Fernanda, Fallgatter, Andreas J, Kardatzki, Bernd, Schwarz, Lena, Anikin, Anatoly, Baranov, Alexandr, Gogberashvili, Tinatin, Kapilushniy, Dmitry, Solovieva, Anastasia, El Marroun, Hanan, White, Tonya, Karkashadze, Georgii, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Ethofer, Thomas, Mattos, Paulo, Banaschewski, Tobias, Coghill, David, Plessen, Kerstin J, Kuntsi, Jonna, Mehta, Mitul A, Paloyelis, Yannis, Harrison, Neil A, Bellgrove, Mark A, Silk, Tim J, Cubillo, Ana I, Rubia, Katya, Lazaro, Luisa, Brem, Silvia, Walitza, Susanne, Frodl, Thomas, Zentis, Mariam, Castellanos, Francisco X, Yoncheva, Yuliya N, Haavik, Jan, Reneman, Liesbeth, Conzelmann, Annette, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Pauli, Paul, Reif, Andreas, Tamm, Leanne, Konrad, Kerstin, Oberwelland Weiss, Eileen, Busatto, Geraldo F, and Louza, Mario R

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Biomedical Imaging, Mental Illness, Neurosciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Pediatric, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Case-Control Studies, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuroimaging, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Factors, Young Adult, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Cortical Surface Area, Cortical Thickness, Imaging, Meta-Analysis, Neuroanatomy, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

ObjectiveNeuroimaging studies show structural alterations of various brain regions in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although nonreplications are frequent. The authors sought to identify cortical characteristics related to ADHD using large-scale studies.MethodsCortical thickness and surface area (based on the Desikan-Killiany atlas) were compared between case subjects with ADHD (N=2,246) and control subjects (N=1,934) for children, adolescents, and adults separately in ENIGMA-ADHD, a consortium of 36 centers. To assess familial effects on cortical measures, case subjects, unaffected siblings, and control subjects in the NeuroIMAGE study (N=506) were compared. Associations of the attention scale from the Child Behavior Checklist with cortical measures were determined in a pediatric population sample (Generation-R, N=2,707).ResultsIn the ENIGMA-ADHD sample, lower surface area values were found in children with ADHD, mainly in frontal, cingulate, and temporal regions; the largest significant effect was for total surface area (Cohen's d=-0.21). Fusiform gyrus and temporal pole cortical thickness was also lower in children with ADHD. Neither surface area nor thickness differences were found in the adolescent or adult groups. Familial effects were seen for surface area in several regions. In an overlapping set of regions, surface area, but not thickness, was associated with attention problems in the Generation-R sample.ConclusionsSubtle differences in cortical surface area are widespread in children but not adolescents and adults with ADHD, confirming involvement of the frontal cortex and highlighting regions deserving further attention. Notably, the alterations behave like endophenotypes in families and are linked to ADHD symptoms in the population, extending evidence that ADHD behaves as a continuous trait in the population. Future longitudinal studies should clarify individual lifespan trajectories that lead to nonsignificant findings in adolescent and adult groups despite the presence of an ADHD diagnosis.

Published
2019

2. Brain Imaging of the Cortex in ADHD: A Coordinated Analysis of Large-Scale Clinical and Population-Based Samples

Author

Ontwikkelingsstoornissen Ond., Brain, Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Hoogman, Martine, Muetzel, Ryan, Guimaraes, Joao P, Shumskaya, Elena, Mennes, Maarten, Zwiers, Marcel P, Jahanshad, Neda, Sudre, Gustavo, Wolfers, Thomas, Earl, Eric A, Soliva Vila, Juan Carlos, Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda, Khadka, Sabin, Novotny, Stephanie E, Hartman, Catharina A, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, Schweren, Lizanne J S, Ambrosino, Sara, Oranje, Bob, de Zeeuw, Patrick, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Rosa, Pedro G P, Zanetti, Marcus V, Malpas, Charles B, Kohls, Gregor, von Polier, Georg G, Seitz, Jochen, Biederman, Joseph, Doyle, Alysa E, Dale, Anders M, van Erp, Theo G M, Epstein, Jeffery N, Jernigan, Terry L, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Ziegler, Georg C, Zierhut, Kathrin C, Schrantee, Anouk, Høvik, Marie F, Lundervold, Astri J, Kelly, Clare, McCarthy, Hazel, Skokauskas, Norbert, O'Gorman Tuura, Ruth L, Calvo, Anna, Lera-Miguel, Sara, Nicolau, Rosa, Chantiluke, Kaylita C, Christakou, Anastasia, Vance, Alasdair, Cercignani, Mara, Gabel, Matt C, Asherson, Philip, Baumeister, Sarah, Brandeis, Daniel, Hohmann, Sarah, Bramati, Ivanei E, Tovar-Moll, Fernanda, Fallgatter, Andreas J, Kardatzki, Bernd, Schwarz, Lena, Anikin, Anatoly, Baranov, Alexandr, Gogberashvili, Tinatin, Kapilushniy, Dmitry, Solovieva, Anastasia, El Marroun, Hanan, White, Tonya, Karkashadze, Georgii, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Ethofer, Thomas, Mattos, Paulo, Banaschewski, Tobias, Coghill, David, Plessen, Kerstin J, Kuntsi, Jonna, Mehta, Mitul A, Paloyelis, Yannis, Harrison, Neil A, Bellgrove, Mark A, Silk, Tim J, Cubillo, Ana I, Rubia, Katya, Lazaro, Luisa, Brem, Silvia, Walitza, Susanne, Frodl, Thomas, Zentis, Mariam, Castellanos, Francisco X, Yoncheva, Yuliya N, Haavik, Jan, Reneman, Liesbeth, Conzelmann, Annette, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Pauli, Paul, Reif, Andreas, Tamm, Leanne, Konrad, Kerstin, Oberwelland Weiss, Eileen, Busatto, Geraldo F, Louza, Mario R, Durston, Sarah, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Stevens, Michael C, Ramos-Quiroga, J Antoni, Vilarroya, Oscar, Fair, Damien A, Nigg, Joel T, Thompson, Paul M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Faraone, Stephen V, Shaw, Philip, Tiemeier, Henning, Bralten, Janita, Franke, Barbara, Ontwikkelingsstoornissen Ond., Brain, Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Hoogman, Martine, Muetzel, Ryan, Guimaraes, Joao P, Shumskaya, Elena, Mennes, Maarten, Zwiers, Marcel P, Jahanshad, Neda, Sudre, Gustavo, Wolfers, Thomas, Earl, Eric A, Soliva Vila, Juan Carlos, Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda, Khadka, Sabin, Novotny, Stephanie E, Hartman, Catharina A, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, Schweren, Lizanne J S, Ambrosino, Sara, Oranje, Bob, de Zeeuw, Patrick, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Rosa, Pedro G P, Zanetti, Marcus V, Malpas, Charles B, Kohls, Gregor, von Polier, Georg G, Seitz, Jochen, Biederman, Joseph, Doyle, Alysa E, Dale, Anders M, van Erp, Theo G M, Epstein, Jeffery N, Jernigan, Terry L, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Ziegler, Georg C, Zierhut, Kathrin C, Schrantee, Anouk, Høvik, Marie F, Lundervold, Astri J, Kelly, Clare, McCarthy, Hazel, Skokauskas, Norbert, O'Gorman Tuura, Ruth L, Calvo, Anna, Lera-Miguel, Sara, Nicolau, Rosa, Chantiluke, Kaylita C, Christakou, Anastasia, Vance, Alasdair, Cercignani, Mara, Gabel, Matt C, Asherson, Philip, Baumeister, Sarah, Brandeis, Daniel, Hohmann, Sarah, Bramati, Ivanei E, Tovar-Moll, Fernanda, Fallgatter, Andreas J, Kardatzki, Bernd, Schwarz, Lena, Anikin, Anatoly, Baranov, Alexandr, Gogberashvili, Tinatin, Kapilushniy, Dmitry, Solovieva, Anastasia, El Marroun, Hanan, White, Tonya, Karkashadze, Georgii, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Ethofer, Thomas, Mattos, Paulo, Banaschewski, Tobias, Coghill, David, Plessen, Kerstin J, Kuntsi, Jonna, Mehta, Mitul A, Paloyelis, Yannis, Harrison, Neil A, Bellgrove, Mark A, Silk, Tim J, Cubillo, Ana I, Rubia, Katya, Lazaro, Luisa, Brem, Silvia, Walitza, Susanne, Frodl, Thomas, Zentis, Mariam, Castellanos, Francisco X, Yoncheva, Yuliya N, Haavik, Jan, Reneman, Liesbeth, Conzelmann, Annette, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Pauli, Paul, Reif, Andreas, Tamm, Leanne, Konrad, Kerstin, Oberwelland Weiss, Eileen, Busatto, Geraldo F, Louza, Mario R, Durston, Sarah, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Stevens, Michael C, Ramos-Quiroga, J Antoni, Vilarroya, Oscar, Fair, Damien A, Nigg, Joel T, Thompson, Paul M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Faraone, Stephen V, Shaw, Philip, Tiemeier, Henning, Bralten, Janita, and Franke, Barbara

Published
2019

3. Brain Imaging of the Cortex in ADHD:A Coordinated Analysis of Large-Scale Clinical and Population-Based Samples

Author

Hoogman, Martine, Muetzel, Ryan, Guimaraes, Joao P., Shumskaya, Elena, Mennes, Maarten, Zwiers, Marcel P., Jahanshad, Neda, Sudre, Gustavo, Wolfers, Thomas, Earl, Eric A., Soliva Vila, Juan Carlos, Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda, Khadka, Sabin, Novotny, Stephanie E., Hartman, Catharina A., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Schweren, Lizanne J.S., Ambrosino, Sara, Oranje, Bob, De Zeeuw Oranje, Patrick, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Rosa, Pedro G.P., Zanetti, Marcus V., Malpas, Charles B., Kohls, Gregor, Von Polier, Georg G., Seitz, Jochen, Biederman, Joseph, Doyle, Alysa E., Dale, Anders M., van Erp, Theo G.M., Epstein, Jeffery N., Jernigan, Terry L., Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Ziegler, Georg C., Zierhut, Kathrin C., Schrantee, Anouk, Høvik, Marie F., Lundervold, Astri J., Kelly, Clare, McCarthy, Hazel, Skokauskas, Norbert, O'Gorman Tuura, Ruth L., Calvo, Anna, Lera-Miguel, Sara, Nicolau, Rosa, Chantiluke, Kaylita C., Christakou, Anastasia, Vance, Alasdair, Cercignani, Mara, Gabel, Matt C., Asherson, Philip, Baumeister, Sarah, Brandeis, Daniel, Hohmann, Sarah, Bramati, Ivanei E., Tovar-Moll, Fernanda, Fallgatter, Andreas J., Kardatzki, Bernd, Schwarz, Lena, Anikin, Anatoly, Baranov, Alexandr, Gogberashvili, Tinatin, Kapilushniy, Dmitry, Solovieva, Anastasia, El Marroun, Hanan, White, Tonya, Karkashadze, Georgii, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Ethofer, Thomas, Mattos, Paulo, Banaschewski, Tobias, Coghill, David, Plessen, Kerstin J., Kuntsi, Jonna, Mehta, Mitul A., Paloyelis, Yannis, Harrison, Neil A., Bellgrove, Mark A., Silk, Tim J., Cubillo, Ana I., Rubia, Katya, Lazaro, Luisa, Brem, Silvia, Walitza, Susanne, Frodl, Thomas, Zentis, Mariam, Castellanos, Francisco X., Yoncheva, Yuliya N., Haavik, Jan, Reneman, Liesbeth, Conzelmann, Annette, Lesch, Klaus Peter, Pauli, Paul, Reif, Andreas, Tamm, Leanne, Konrad, Kerstin, Oberwelland Weiss, Eileen, Busatto, Geraldo F., Louza, Mario R., Durston, Sarah, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Oosterlaan, Jaap, Stevens, Michael C., Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni, Vilarroya, Oscar, Fair, Damien A., Nigg, Joel T., Thompson, Paul M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Faraone, Stephen V., Shaw, Philip, Tiemeier, Henning, Bralten, Janita, Franke, Barbara, Hoogman, Martine, Muetzel, Ryan, Guimaraes, Joao P., Shumskaya, Elena, Mennes, Maarten, Zwiers, Marcel P., Jahanshad, Neda, Sudre, Gustavo, Wolfers, Thomas, Earl, Eric A., Soliva Vila, Juan Carlos, Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda, Khadka, Sabin, Novotny, Stephanie E., Hartman, Catharina A., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Schweren, Lizanne J.S., Ambrosino, Sara, Oranje, Bob, De Zeeuw Oranje, Patrick, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Rosa, Pedro G.P., Zanetti, Marcus V., Malpas, Charles B., Kohls, Gregor, Von Polier, Georg G., Seitz, Jochen, Biederman, Joseph, Doyle, Alysa E., Dale, Anders M., van Erp, Theo G.M., Epstein, Jeffery N., Jernigan, Terry L., Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Ziegler, Georg C., Zierhut, Kathrin C., Schrantee, Anouk, Høvik, Marie F., Lundervold, Astri J., Kelly, Clare, McCarthy, Hazel, Skokauskas, Norbert, O'Gorman Tuura, Ruth L., Calvo, Anna, Lera-Miguel, Sara, Nicolau, Rosa, Chantiluke, Kaylita C., Christakou, Anastasia, Vance, Alasdair, Cercignani, Mara, Gabel, Matt C., Asherson, Philip, Baumeister, Sarah, Brandeis, Daniel, Hohmann, Sarah, Bramati, Ivanei E., Tovar-Moll, Fernanda, Fallgatter, Andreas J., Kardatzki, Bernd, Schwarz, Lena, Anikin, Anatoly, Baranov, Alexandr, Gogberashvili, Tinatin, Kapilushniy, Dmitry, Solovieva, Anastasia, El Marroun, Hanan, White, Tonya, Karkashadze, Georgii, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Ethofer, Thomas, Mattos, Paulo, Banaschewski, Tobias, Coghill, David, Plessen, Kerstin J., Kuntsi, Jonna, Mehta, Mitul A., Paloyelis, Yannis, Harrison, Neil A., Bellgrove, Mark A., Silk, Tim J., Cubillo, Ana I., Rubia, Katya, Lazaro, Luisa, Brem, Silvia, Walitza, Susanne, Frodl, Thomas, Zentis, Mariam, Castellanos, Francisco X., Yoncheva, Yuliya N., Haavik, Jan, Reneman, Liesbeth, Conzelmann, Annette, Lesch, Klaus Peter, Pauli, Paul, Reif, Andreas, Tamm, Leanne, Konrad, Kerstin, Oberwelland Weiss, Eileen, Busatto, Geraldo F., Louza, Mario R., Durston, Sarah, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Oosterlaan, Jaap, Stevens, Michael C., Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni, Vilarroya, Oscar, Fair, Damien A., Nigg, Joel T., Thompson, Paul M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Faraone, Stephen V., Shaw, Philip, Tiemeier, Henning, Bralten, Janita, and Franke, Barbara

Abstract

Objective: Neuroimaging studies show structural alterations of various brain regions in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although nonrepli-cations are frequent. The authors sought to identify cortical characteristics related to ADHD using large-scale studies. Methods: Cortical thickness and surface area (based on the Desikan–Killiany atlas) were compared between case subjects with ADHD (N=2,246) and control subjects (N=1,934) for children, adolescents, and adults separately in ENIGMA-ADHD, a consortium of 36 centers. To assess familial effects on cortical measures, case subjects, unaffected siblings, and control subjects in the NeuroIMAGE study (N=506) were compared. Associations of the attention scale from the Child Behavior Checklist with cortical measures were determined in a pediatric population sample (Generation-R, N=2,707). Results: In the ENIGMA-ADHD sample, lower surface area values were found in children with ADHD, mainly in frontal, cingulate, and temporal regions; the largest significant effect was for total surface area (Cohen’s d=20.21). Fusiform gyrus and temporal pole cortical thickness was also lower in children with ADHD. Neither surface area nor thickness differences were found in the adolescent or adult groups. Familial effects were seen for surface area in several regions. In an overlapping set of regions, surface area, but not thickness, was associated with attention problems in the Generation-R sample. Conclusions: Subtle differences in cortical surface area are widespread in children but not adolescents and adults with ADHD, confirming involvement of the frontal cortex and highlighting regions deserving further attention. Notably, the alterations behave like endophenotypes in families and are linked to ADHD symptoms in the population, extending evidence that ADHD behaves as a continuous trait in the population. Future longitudinal studies should clarify individual lifespan trajectories that lead to

Published
2019

4. La disminución volumétrica del núcleo caudado derecho como fenotipo neuroanatómico del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad pediátrico. Un análisis morfométrico fronto-caudado por resonancia magnética estructural

Author

Soliva Vila, Juan Carlos, Tomás, Josep, Vilarroya Oliver, Óscar, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Psiquiatria i de Medicina Legal

Subjects
Morphometry, ADHD, Ciències de la Salut, 159.9, MRI
Abstract

Introducción: El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es altamente prevalente en la infancia. El paradigma neurobiológico dominante sostiene que la disfunción nuclear del TDAH es un déficit de las funciones ejecutivas, cuyos loci neurobiológicos serían los circuitos fronto-subcorticales descritos por Alexander. Objetivos: Determinar y comparar (1)los volúmenes de las regiones prefrontales y (2) de los núcleos caudados, así como de la cabeza y del cuerpo de estos últimos, y los respectivos patrones de simetría en el grupo de controles sanos y en el grupo TDAH. Hipótesis: Existen anomalías morfométricas en las regiones prefrontales y/o en los núcleos caudados y/o en las regiones integrantes de éstos en los pacientes con TDAH. Métodos: Se realiza un diseño caso-control retrospectivo ex post facto, con sendas muestras de 39 sujetos en edad pediátrica diagnosticados de TDAH de acuerdo con el DSM-IV-TR y 39 controles sanos. Se idea y aplica un nuevo método de segmentación diferencial manual del núcleo caudado. Asimismo se realiza un análisis morfométrico manual de las regiones prefrontales. Los análisis estadísticos se realizan con ANOVAs. Resultados: Nuestros resultados confirman nuestra hipótesis ya que muestran: (1) una disminución del volumen total así como del volumen del cuerpo, del núcleo caudado derecho, respecto del grupo control; (2) unos patrones de simetría diferentes en ambos grupos y (3) un volumen normal de ambas regiones prefrontales. Discusión: La comparación y examen de estos hallazgos a la luz de los obtenidos en otros estudios morfométricos de los núcleos caudados y de las regiones prefrontales en el TDAH nos hace concluir que, a nuestro juicio, en el TDAH pediátrico existe evidencia suficiente para afirmar que el volumen total del núcleo caudado derecho esta disminuido en TDAH. La disminución del volumen total del núcleo caudado derecho refuerza así la hipótesis que considera al núcleo caudado implicado en la fisiopatología del TDAH, que se apoya sobre una considerable evidencia procedente de la genética, la neuroanatomía funcional, la neuroquímica, la neurofarmacología y los modelos animales. Conclusión: Existe evidencia suficiente para considerar la disminución volumétrica del núcleo caudado derecho como un rasgo del fenotipo neuroanatómico de TDAH pediátrico. Esta disminución podría obedecer a la disminución del volumen del cuerpo del núcleo caudado derecho., Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent in the pediatric population. The main neurobiological paradigm asserts that key ADHD dysfunction is a executive function deficit whose neuroanatomical loci would be the fronto-subcortical circuits described by Alexander. The general purpose of this study is to elucidate whether there are structural anomalies in the prefrontal regions and caudate nuclei that are implicated in the ADHD neurobiology, as it has been stated by several research groups, although the result have been widely discordant. Objective: To determine and compare the prefrontal, total caudate nucleus, body caudate nucleus and head caudate nucleus volumes and the patterns of symmetry in the ADHD and the control groups. Hypothesis: There are morphometric anomalies in the prefrontal regions and/or in the caudate nuclei and/or in the caudate regions in the ADHD group. Methods: An ex post facto retrospective case-control study was designed. 2 samples of 39 subjects in the pediatric age of ADHD diagnosed according to DSM-IV-R and normal controls were employed. A new method of manual caudate segmentation was designed and applied. A manual morphometric analysis of the prefrontal regions was conducted. The statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Results: The results confirm our hypothesis. They show: (1) a decreased right total and body caudate body volume; (2) different patterns of symmetry in both groups and (3) a normal prefrontal volume. Discussion: The comparison of our results with those of the other morphometric studies that has examined the prefrontal regions and/or the caudate nuclei in ADHD suggests that there is enough scientific evidence to assert that the right total caudate nucleus volume is diminished in the pediatric ADHD. This fact bolsters the hypothesis that considers the caudate nucleus is involved in ADHD pathophisiology. This hypothesis relies on a considerable amount of evidence coming from genetics, functional neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neuropharmacology and animal models. Conclusion: There is enough evidence to support the decreased volume of the right caudate nuclei as a fenotypical treat of pediatric ADHD. This fact could be accounted for a diminished body volume.

Published
2007

5. La Disminución volumétrica del núcleo caudado derecho como fenotipo neuroanatómico del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad pediátrico : un análisis morfométrico fronto-caudado por resonancia magnética estructural

Author

Tomàs, Josep, Vilarroya Oliver, Óscar, Soliva Vila, Juan Carlos, Tomàs, Josep, Vilarroya Oliver, Óscar, and Soliva Vila, Juan Carlos

Abstract

Consultable des del TDX, Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzada, Introducción: El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es altamente prevalente en la infancia. El paradigma neurobiológico dominante sostiene que la disfunción nuclear del TDAH es un déficit de las funciones ejecutivas, cuyos loci neurobiológicos serían los circuitos fronto-subcorticales descritos por Alexander. Objetivos: Determinar y comparar (1)los volúmenes de las regiones prefrontales y (2) de los núcleos caudados, así como de la cabeza y del cuerpo de estos últimos, y los respectivos patrones de simetría en el grupo de controles sanos y en el grupo TDAH. Hipótesis: Existen anomalías morfométricas en las regiones prefrontales y/o en los núcleos caudados y/o en las regiones integrantes de éstos en los pacientes con TDAH. Métodos: Se realiza un diseño caso-control retrospectivo ex post facto, con sendas muestras de 39 sujetos en edad pediátrica diagnosticados de TDAH de acuerdo con el DSM-IV-TR y 39 controles sanos. Se idea y aplica un nuevo método de segmentación diferencial manual del núcleo caudado. Asimismo se realiza un análisis morfométrico manual de las regiones prefrontales. Los análisis estadísticos se realizan con ANOVAs. Resultados: Nuestros resultados confirman nuestra hipótesis ya que muestran: (1) una disminución del volumen total así como del volumen del cuerpo, del núcleo caudado derecho, respecto del grupo control; (2) unos patrones de simetría diferentes en ambos grupos y (3) un volumen normal de ambas regiones prefrontales. Discusión: La comparación y examen de estos hallazgos a la luz de los obtenidos en otros estudios morfométricos de los núcleos caudados y de las regiones prefrontales en el TDAH nos hace concluir que, a nuestro juicio, en el TDAH pediátrico existe evidencia suficiente para afirmar que el volumen total del núcleo caudado derecho esta disminuido en TDAH. La disminución del volumen total del núcleo caudado derecho refuerza así la hipótesis que considera al núcleo caudado implicado en la fisiopatología del, Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent in the pediatric population. The main neurobiological paradigm asserts that key ADHD dysfunction is a executive function deficit whose neuroanatomical loci would be the fronto-subcortical circuits described by Alexander. The general purpose of this study is to elucidate whether there are structural anomalies in the prefrontal regions and caudate nuclei that are implicated in the ADHD neurobiology, as it has been stated by several research groups, although the result have been widely discordant. Objective: To determine and compare the prefrontal, total caudate nucleus, body caudate nucleus and head caudate nucleus volumes and the patterns of symmetry in the ADHD and the control groups. Hypothesis: There are morphometric anomalies in the prefrontal regions and/or in the caudate nuclei and/or in the caudate regions in the ADHD group. Methods: An ex post facto retrospective case-control study was designed. 2 samples of 39 subjects in the pediatric age of ADHD diagnosed according to DSM-IV-R and normal controls were employed. A new method of manual caudate segmentation was designed and applied. A manual morphometric analysis of the prefrontal regions was conducted. The statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Results: The results confirm our hypothesis. They show: (1) a decreased right total and body caudate body volume; (2) different patterns of symmetry in both groups and (3) a normal prefrontal volume. Discussion: The comparison of our results with those of the other morphometric studies that has examined the prefrontal regions and/or the caudate nuclei in ADHD suggests that there is enough scientific evidence to assert that the right total caudate nucleus volume is diminished in the pediatric ADHD. This fact bolsters the hypothesis that considers the caudate nucleus is involved in ADHD pathophisiology. This hypothesis relies on a considerable amount of evidence coming from genetics

Published
2007

7. Subcortical Brain Volume, Regional Cortical Thickness, and Cortical Surface Area Across Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD Working Groups.

Author

Boedhoe PSW, van Rooij D, Hoogman M, Twisk JWR, Schmaal L, Abe Y, Alonso P, Ameis SH, Anikin A, Anticevic A, Arango C, Arnold PD, Asherson P, Assogna F, Auzias G, Banaschewski T, Baranov A, Batistuzzo MC, Baumeister S, Baur-Streubel R, Behrmann M, Bellgrove MA, Benedetti F, Beucke JC, Biederman J, Bollettini I, Bose A, Bralten J, Bramati IE, Brandeis D, Brem S, Brennan BP, Busatto GF, Calderoni S, Calvo A, Calvo R, Castellanos FX, Cercignani M, Chaim-Avancini TM, Chantiluke KC, Cheng Y, Cho KIK, Christakou A, Coghill D, Conzelmann A, Cubillo AI, Dale AM, Dallaspezia S, Daly E, Denys D, Deruelle C, Di Martino A, Dinstein I, Doyle AE, Durston S, Earl EA, Ecker C, Ehrlich S, Ely BA, Epstein JN, Ethofer T, Fair DA, Fallgatter AJ, Faraone SV, Fedor J, Feng X, Feusner JD, Fitzgerald J, Fitzgerald KD, Fouche JP, Freitag CM, Fridgeirsson EA, Frodl T, Gabel MC, Gallagher L, Gogberashvili T, Gori I, Gruner P, Gürsel DA, Haar S, Haavik J, Hall GB, Harrison NA, Hartman CA, Heslenfeld DJ, Hirano Y, Hoekstra PJ, Hoexter MQ, Hohmann S, Høvik MF, Hu H, Huyser C, Jahanshad N, Jalbrzikowski M, James A, Janssen J, Jaspers-Fayer F, Jernigan TL, Kapilushniy D, Kardatzki B, Karkashadze G, Kathmann N, Kaufmann C, Kelly C, Khadka S, King JA, Koch K, Kohls G, Konrad K, Kuno M, Kuntsi J, Kvale G, Kwon JS, Lázaro L, Lera-Miguel S, Lesch KP, Hoekstra L, Liu Y, Lochner C, Louza MR, Luna B, Lundervold AJ, Malpas CB, Marques P, Marsh R, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Mataix-Cols D, Mattos P, McCarthy H, McGrath J, Mehta MA, Menchón JM, Mennes M, Martinho MM, Moreira PS, Morer A, Morgado P, Muratori F, Murphy CM, Murphy DGM, Nakagawa A, Nakamae T, Nakao T, Namazova-Baranova L, Narayanaswamy JC, Nicolau R, Nigg JT, Novotny SE, Nurmi EL, Weiss EO, O'Gorman Tuura RL, O'Hearn K, O'Neill J, Oosterlaan J, Oranje B, Paloyelis Y, Parellada M, Pauli P, Perriello C, Piacentini J, Piras F, Piras F, Plessen KJ, Puig O, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Reddy YCJ, Reif A, Reneman L, Retico A, Rosa PGP, Rubia K, Rus OG, Sakai Y, Schrantee A, Schwarz L, Schweren LJS, Seitz J, Shaw P, Shook D, Silk TJ, Simpson HB, Skokauskas N, Soliva Vila JC, Solovieva A, Soreni N, Soriano-Mas C, Spalletta G, Stern ER, Stevens MC, Stewart SE, Sudre G, Szeszko PR, Tamm L, Taylor MJ, Tolin DF, Tosetti M, Tovar-Moll F, Tsuchiyagaito A, van Erp TGM, van Wingen GA, Vance A, Venkatasubramanian G, Vilarroya O, Vives-Gilabert Y, von Polier GG, Walitza S, Wallace GL, Wang Z, Wolfers T, Yoncheva YN, Yun JY, Zanetti MV, Zhou F, Ziegler GC, Zierhut KC, Zwiers MP, Thompson PM, Stein DJ, Buitelaar J, Franke B, and van den Heuvel OA

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Human Development physiology, Humans, Male, Organ Size, Psychopathology, Research Report, Systems Analysis, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity physiopathology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity psychology, Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis, Autism Spectrum Disorder physiopathology, Autism Spectrum Disorder psychology, Cerebrum diagnostic imaging, Cerebrum pathology, Cerebrum physiopathology, Neuroimaging methods, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder diagnosis, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder physiopathology, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder psychology
Abstract

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The authors sought to directly compare these disorders using structural brain imaging data from ENIGMA consortium data., Methods: Structural T 1 -weighted whole-brain MRI data from healthy control subjects (N=5,827) and from patients with ADHD (N=2,271), ASD (N=1,777), and OCD (N=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. The authors examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults, using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex, and site (and intracranial volume for subcortical and surface area measures)., Results: No shared differences were found among all three disorders, and shared differences between any two disorders did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Children with ADHD compared with those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller intracranial volume than control subjects and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared with adult control subjects and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific differences were observed across different age groups and surface area differences among all disorders in childhood and adulthood., Conclusions: The study findings suggest robust but subtle differences across different age groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific intracranial volume and hippocampal differences in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness differences in the frontal cortex in adults, support previous work emphasizing structural brain differences in these disorders.

Published
2020
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