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Jagung (Zea mays L) merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman pangan yang penting di Indonesia, khususnya di Provinsi Lampung. Upaya pengembangan tanaman jagung di Indonesia masih menemui beberapa kendala. Salah satunya serangan hama, yaitu penggerek tongkol (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) dan penggerek batang (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenne). Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu: untuk mengetahui tingkat serangan hama dan produksi pada empat varietas jagung, serta pengaruh interaksi kesehatan tanaman dan varietas terhadap produksi jagung. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Desember 2018 di Desa Purnama Tunggal, Terbanggi Besar, Lampung Tengah, Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen pengamatan di lahan. Lahan jagung ditanami empat varietas berbeda: BIMA, P-35, P-27, dan NK-6172, seluas 2 ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bobot tongkol sehat sebesar 1.325,9 g/5 tongkol dan bobot tongkol sakit sebesar 1.020,6 g/5 tongkol. Bobot pipilan sehat sebesar 938,2 g/5 tongkol dan bobot pipilan sakit sebesar 675,9 g/5 tongkol. Varietas NK-6172 memiliki produksi bobot tongkol, bobot pipilan, susut bobot pipilan, dan susut bobot tongkol jagung tertinggi. Varietas P-35 memiliki keterjadian serangan hama penggerek tongkol tertinggi (18,05%), sedangkan varietas BIMA memiliki nilai keterjadian serangan hama penggerek batang tertinggi (1,36%). Interaksi kesehatan tanaman dan varietas, tidak berbeda nyata

Background: Manufacturing and service industries in many sectors face extraordinary situations, such as excessive demands and uncertain prices during the post-pandemic period. In this situation, ordinary decision-making support is no longer suitable. Objectives: This study aims to propose new mathematical programming in the form of probabilistic dynamical optimisation that can be used for optimising integrated inventory, procurement and production planning. The problem contains multiperiod, multisupplier, multiraw material and multiproduct. Furthermore, several parameters, including prices and costs were assumed to be probabilistic with some known probability distributions. Method: The expectation of the profit was maximised in the model and the uncertain programming algorithm was used to calculate the optimal decision. The laboratory scaled computational experiments were also conducted with some randomly generated data. Results: The results showed the proposed model successfully provided the optimal decision. This included the optimal amount of each observation period and raw material parts to be sold to each supplier and stored in the inventory. It also included the optimal amount of each product brand to be produced and stored with the maximal expectation of the profit earned for the whole optimisation horizon time. Conclusion: The proposed decision-making support can be used by the decision-makers and managers in industries. Contribution: A novel decision-making support is provided, which can be used to solve integrated inventory, procurement and production with excess demand and random parameters.

To cultivate good behavior and care for the environment, SD Negeri 2 KuwasenJepara promotes proper waste disposal, but in reality, there are still many students who don't do it. The purpose of this research is to build a smart trash can to socialize waste disposal in an attractive way for students. We use a manual trash can that is integrated with the Arduino Uno. This smart trash system is able to open automatically when it detects movement within

Masa depan biofarmasi semakin cerah. Akibat mahalnya harga obat modern, maka permintaan tanaman obat meningkat di dalam dan luar negeri. Hal ini karena biofarmaka banyak digunakan di industri lain, seperti makanan, minuman, dan kosmetik. Konsumen di seluruh dunia termasuk di Indonesia bergerak menuju produk makanan dan kesehatan yang lebih sehat dengan slogan "kembali ke alam". Dengan demikian permintaan tanaman obat sebagai bahan baku industri lainnya juga meningkat. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut diperlukan suatu prediksi untuk menentukan besaran kenaikan atau penurunan jumlah produksi komoditas strategis biofarmaka untuk beberapa tahun ke depan, sehingga Memungkinkan analisis pergerakan tren dari perkembangan data sebelumnya. Saat ini belum dijumpai studi peramalan deret waktu untuk memprediksi produksi biofarmaka dengan tingkat akurasi baik. Dalam eksperimen ini kami mengusulkan model peramalan fuzzy time series berdasarkan pendekatan percentage change sebagai himpunan semesta dan frequency-based partition yang dapat memberikan tingkat akurasi peramalan yang tinggi. Prediksi difokuskan pada biofarmaka untuk empat jenis rimpang yaitu Jahe, Lengkuas, Kencur, dan Kunyit yang dinilai menjadi prioritas utama pengembangan tanaman obat di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistika tahun 1997-2020. Tujuan dari survei adalah untuk memprediksi dan menganalisa perkembangan produksi biofarmaka untuk empat jenis rimpang. Hasil prediksi menunjukan akurasi luar biasa dengan nilai Mean Absolute Percentage Error yang sangat kecil yakni Jahe 0,03%, Lengkuas 0,02%, Kencur 0,14%, dan Kunyit 0,03%. Dengan demikian hasil eksperimen ini dapat berkontribusi dan digunakan bagi pihak yang berkompeten untuk membantu dalam menentukan kebijakan strategis di masa depan. Abstract Biopharmaceuticals' future is brightening. Due to the exorbitant cost of modern treatment, the desire for medicinal herbs is growing. due to their widespread use in different industries such as food, beverages, and cosmetics. Consumers worldwide, especially in Indonesia, are gravitating towards healthier food and health goods. So the demand for medicinal plants as raw materials increases. To solve this issue, a forecast is required for the next few years on the increase or decline in production of strategic biopharmaca commodities. Currently, no reliable time series forecasting study exists for biopharmaca production. To achieve high predicting accuracy, we present a fuzzy time series forecasting model based on percentage change as a universal set and frequency-based partition. Ginger, Galangal, Kencur, and turmeric are predicted to be the most important rhizomes for biopharmaca research in Indonesia. Secondary statistics from the Central Statistics Agency for 1997–2020 This study's goal was to anticipate and analyze biopharmaca synthesis in four rhizomes. The prediction results are incredibly accurate, with Mean Absolute Percentage Error values of just 0.03%, 0.02%, 0.14%, and 0.03% for Ginger, Galangal, Kencur, and Turmeric, respectively. Thus, competent parties can use the outcomes of this experiment to help determine future strategic policies.

Abstract Background Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest causing severe damage to many cultivating plants such as corn worldwide, including Indonesia. This study was performed to obtain and identify entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) of S. litura collected from corn fields in 4 corn producing regions of Lampung, Indonesia, as well as to investigate the damage caused by this pest on corn in Lampung Province. Results Three corn fields in each region were selected for collecting soil samples. Soil samples were collected from 5 corn plant rhizospheres, at each field in six months of survey. Ten larvae of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) were laid on each soil sample as a bait, covered with a filter paper and incubated at room temperature. The emerging fungi from T. molitor cadaver were transferred onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and incubated for 7 days at room temperature. Pathogenicity test was determined against 3rd instar of S. litura larvae. Identification was performed based on the sequence of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region. Observations on the corn damage caused by S. litura were conducted at all corn producing areas in Lampung. Twelve fungal isolates were obtained causing 0–75% of mortality of S. litura. Four fungal isolates (NKPT, SKHJ, SDHJ and RAHJ), which caused mortality more than 20%, were further identified. One isolate (NKPT) was confirmed as Beauveria bassiana and the other 3 isolates (SKHJ, SDHJ and RAHJ) were Aspergillus oryzae. S. litura generally caused slight damages to the corn which was found in every observation year performed during 2010–2019. Medium plant damage was observed in 2010–2012 and 2018–2019, severe damage was found in 2011 and crop failure was recorded in 2018. Conclusions Aspergillus oryzae and B. bassiana were the EPF recorded infecting S. litura in corn in Lampung Province. This was the first report on the isolates of A. oryzae as EPF of S. litura in Indonesia. Slight damages with S. litura were always recorded in every observation year but not for those of medium and severe damages and crop failure.

Itik (Anas plathyrynchos domecticus) merupakan salah satu jenis unggas yang banyak dibudidayakan, terutama sebagai penghasil telur. Produk telur diketahui bermanfaat dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan protein hewani bagi masyarakat di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh peternak itik petelur, terutama di Kabupaten Brebes adalah pakan, keterbatasan pengetahuan tentang pemeliharaan itik, permintaan telur asin oleh konsumen yang tinggi yang tidak diiringi oleh peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas telur yang diproduksi itik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sistem pemeliharaan itik secara intensif dan ekstensif terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas telur. Variabel kualitas telur meliputi bobot badan, produksi dan bobot telur, adapun variable kualitas telur terdiri atas pH dan tinggi albumen, pH dan diameter yolk, indeks kuning telur (IKT), dan Haugh Unit (HU). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pembandingan 2 populasi, yaitu antara itik yang dipelihara dengan sistem intensif dan ekstensif, masing-masing menggunakan itik sebanyak 25 ekor. Data yang didapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t (t student test) pembandingan dua perlakuan. Analisis hasil penelitian menunjukkan, itik yang dipelihara dengan sistem intensif berbeda nyata dengan sistem ektensif, serta memiliki kuantitas dan kualitas telur yang lebih tinggi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemeliharaan itik secara intensif dapat meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas telur itik, lebih tinggi dibanding itik yang dipelihara secara ekstensif. Pemeliharaan itik secara intensif direkomendasikan dapat diaplikasikan oleh para peternak lokal di Kabupaten Brebes dengan pemanfaatan sumber bahan pakan lokal yang mudah diperoleh, murah, dan aman sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan peternak.

Setiap periode SMK NU Ma’arif 2 Kudus melaksanakan program penyaluran bantuan kepada peserta didiknya yang kurang mampu. Dalam memberikan bantuan tersebut perlu dilakukan seleksi bagi para calon penerima. Permasalahan yang dihadapi panitia adalah seleksi dilakukan dengan menunjukpara peserta didik secara langsung dan acak sehingga mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan siapa yang sebenarnya berhak menerima bantuan. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dan mendapatkan calon yang berhak menerima serta mencapai standar yang diinginkan, maka diperlukan Sistem Seleksi Calon Penerima Bantuan Siswa Miskin (BSM) menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) sebagai pendukung keputusan.Metode SAW mencari penjumlahan terbobot berdasar pada kriteria penilaian yang telah ditentukan. Kriteria yang digunakan dalam sistem ini yaitu;jumlah penghasilan orang tua, nilai rata-rata rapor, jumlah kerabat/ saudara. Dari hasil pengujian sistem ini diperoleh luaran berupa perankingan nilai akhir mulai dari yang terbesar hingga terkecil. Hasil analisa perbandingan sistem ini dengan sistem lama terkait tingkat keakuratannya adalah 18 dari 30 siswa (60%) pada sistem lama, sedangkan sistem baru adalah 30 dari 30 siswa (100%). Hasil kuesioner terkait uji kelayakan sistem Seleksi Calon Penerima BSM menggunakan Metode SAWini sangat mudah digunakan (Perceived Ease Of Use) dengan nilai akhir 86,3%, dan sangat bermanfaat (Perceived Of Usefulness) dengan nilai akhir 88,3%.Penerapan sistem ini berkontribusi bagi SMK NU Ma’arif 2 Kudus dalam melaksanakan program penyaluran dana BSM secara optimal, transparan, tepat sasaran, dan berkeadilan serta dapat dijadikan sebagai pendukung keputusan bagi pemangku kepentingan. Abstract Every period SMK NU Ma’arif 2 Kudus carries out educational aid distribution programs to students who are less fortunate. In providing this assistance, it is necessary to select prospective recipients. The problem faced by the committee is that the selection is carried out by directly and randomly appointing students so that they have difficulty determining who is actually entitled to receive assistance. To overcome this problem and get candidates who are entitled to receive and achieve the desired standards, it is necessary to apply the eligibility selection of students receiving educational assistance using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method as decision support. The SAW method seeks a weighted addition based on predetermined assessment criteria. The criteria used in this system are; the amount of parents' income, the average value of report cards, the number of relatives / relatives. From the test results of this system, the output is in the form of a ranking of the final values ranging from largest to smallest. The results of the comparative analysis of this system with the old system regarding the level of accuracy are 18 out of 30 students (60%) in the old system, while the new system is 30 out of 30 students (100%). The results of the questionnaire related to the feasibility test of the application for selection of students receiving educational assistance using the SAW Method are very easy to use (Perceived Ease Of Use) with a final value of 86.3%, and very useful (Perceived Of Usefulness) with a final value of 88.3%. The contribution to SMK NU Ma’arif 2 Kudus in this study was the making of an application to find out the eligibility of student beneficiaries using the SAW method. This can assist the committee in implementing the education aid fund distribution program in an optimal, transparent, on target and equitable manner and can be used as decision support for stakeholders.

One of the Central Java Provincial Government programs is to reduce the number of people living in poverty. The Central Java Provincial Government target in 2020 was to lower poverty rate to below ten percent. Therefore, it is necessary to determine factors affecting the poverty rate in Central Java. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the Human Development Index, total population, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDRP), and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the poverty rate in regencies/municipalities in Central Java. The study on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the poverty rate in Central Java Province has never been carried out. This study was different from the previous studies. This study used panel data regression by using 2018-2020 data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS). In this study, the result of the best model selection was the random effect model. The result of this study indicated that Human Development Index (HDI) had a negative and significant effect, total population had a positive and insignificant, GRDP had a negative and significant effect, and the impact of Covid-19 pandemic had a positive and significant effect on the poverty rate. Keywords: Impact of Covid-19, Human Development Index, Population, Poverty Rate, Gross Regional Domestic Product.

Perkembangan jumlah Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) program Government to Government (G to G) Jepang bidang perawat (nurse) dan perawat orang berusia lanjut (care worker) mengalami naik turun dari tahun 2008 hingga 2018. Untuk dapat menganalisis jumlah PMI yang mengalami naik turun dengan mengukur perkembangan jumlah PMI saat ini dan memprediksikan kondisi tersebut pada masa mendatang, maka diperlukan model prediksi. Dalam penelitian ini diterapkan model fuzzy time series dengan menggunakan algoritme average-based length. Penentuan panjang interval yang efektif dapat mempengaruhi hasil prediksi yaitu dapat meningkatkan keakuratan yang tinggi dalam fuzzy time series. Hasil proses prediksi PMI program G to G Jepang tahun 2019 bidang nurse diperoleh 43.3, bidang care worker diperoleh 300 dan bidang keseluruhan diperoleh 325. Hasil uji kinerja prediksi PMI program G to G Jepang, menggunakan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) adalah 24.27% untuk bidang nurse dengan nilai akurasi prediksi 20–50% termasuk dalam kriteria “wajar”, bidang care worker 11.29% dengan nilai akurasi prediksi 10–20% termasuk dalam kriteria “baik”, sedangkan untuk bidang keseluruhan diperoleh 8.41% dengan nilai akurasi prediksi MAPE

This study aims to improve students’ ability in identifying topic sentence in a text through context ability and pragmatic reference. This study is classroom action research. The researcher used test as a research instrumenT. The research procedure was implemented in two cycles adopted from Kemmis model. Each cycle consist of plan, action, observation, and reflection. The result shows that context ability and pragmatic reference can enhance students ability in indentifying topic sentence in a text.

Masyarakat Indonesia tergolong masyarakat tutur dwibahasawan. Bagi sebagian masyarakat hal yang biasa menggunakan campur kode bahkan alih kode karena bahasa pertamanya ialah bahasa daerah dan bahasa keduanya yakni bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan alih kode dan campur kode yang terjadi dalam kegiatan jual beli serta faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kejadian tersebut. Data penelitian ini adalah berupa variasi bahasa yang digunakan oleh pedagang kaki lima di Jalan Perjuangan, Kota Cirebon saat melakukan transaksi jual beli antara penjual dan pembeli. Adapun sumber penelitian yakni pedagang kaki lima yang berada di Jalan Perjuangan, Kota Cirebon yang berada di sekitar empat lokasi berbeda. Dalam kenyataan sehari-hari, ternyata bahwa ragam bahasa lebih cenderung memakai alih kode dan campur kode. Penggunaan campur kode dan alih kode dalam percakapan antara penjual dan pembeli berfungsi sebagai pengakrab dan mempermudah dalam berkomunikasi. Dengan demikian, campur kode dan alih kode sering terjadi dan digunakan saat berkomunikasi dalam transaksi jual beli.

ABSTRAK Survai dilakukan di lahan PT Great Giant Pineapple (PT GGP), Terbanggi Besar Lampung Tengah, dari Mei hingga Juni untuk mengetahui kepadatan symphylid pada empat ekosistem dalam area tersebut, yaitu ekosistem nanas, pisang, jambu biji, dan lidahbuaya yang berukuran 5–20 ha. Pada masing-masing ekosistem, empat plot sampel yang berukuran 0,2–0,8 ha, diambil untuk penentukan titik sampel. Titik sampel ditentukan secara sistematis di salah satu titik pada garis diagonal plot sampel (14,2 m dari titik pojok plot sampel). Pada setiap titik sampel dilakukan pendataan kepadatan populasi symphylid (dikoleksi menggunakan perangkap umpan), berat serasah, dan pH tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan populasi symphylid tertinggi berada pada ekosistem jambu biji. Kepadatan populasi symphylid pada ekosistem nanas terhitung cukup tinggi sedangkan pada ekosistem pisang dan lidahbuaya rendah. Kepadatan populasi symphylid pada ekosistemjambu biji, pisang, nanas, dan lidahbuaya dipengaruhi oleh berat serasah dan/atau pH tanah.  Kata kunci : symphylid, ekosistem, serasah, pH tanah

The oil palm replanting program is becoming of importance for the next decade as some of oil palm plantations are reaching the productivity peak. This research was aimed to select the priority of oil palm replanting strategy with respect to the related factors and impacts to the share holders of PIR Trans and KPPA plantation of PT. AGROWIYANA , and to identify key success indicators of replanting model. A discriptive research methodoligy was carried out using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving multi stakeholders of PT. AGROWIYANA . Results of this research indicated that financial is considered as the most important factor for replanting implemention with the total cutting using standard technology as chosen replanting strategy. The funding scheme through intensive fund rising IDAPERTABUN needs to be well prepared to involve more farmer groups.Keywords: PT. AGROWIYANA , Replanting Strategy

Diapause of larvae of the white stem borers, Scirpophaga innotata (Walker), is interesting and can be terminated by exposing them in a certain low thermoperiod, so that the brain is activated to initiate the production of prothoracotropic hormone (PITH). In this case water is strongly suggested responsible for stabilizing this low thermoperiod by mechanism of buffering (capture and release) heat.

To know daily periodicity attendance of rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorius F.) in response to sixth-day-decaying crab, an experiment was conducted in four consecutive days in May 1997 in Gamping, Special Territory of Yogyakarta. The experiment consisted of 17 treatments and 3 replications arranged in randomized completely block design. Seventeen hourly observations (treatments) were made on rice bugs attendance on the decaying crab by direct counting as well as the relative humidity and temperature from 5 am to 9 pm. The result of the experiment showed that the peaks of rice bug attendance were from 10 am to 6 pm, while the highest one was at 5 pm (20 rice bugs).