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Youth Mental Health First Aid (YMHFA) trains individuals who regularly interact with youth to identify youth experiencing mental health challenges. Several studies demonstrate positive training impacts, but few assess whether the training equally impacts participants of different demographic and professional backgrounds or those who participate in different training modalities. Using a pre-post follow-up design with a comparison group, this study examined changes in participants confidence in their ability to recognize and support youth mental health needs 1 to 2 months after training. Data were collected over two years (2021-2023) from training participants (n = 480) and comparable non-participants (n = 51). The authors examined whether changes in confidence varied by participant race/ethnicity, professional role in the education or mental health fields, and training modality (online versus hybrid). Training participants confidence in supporting youth mental health increased significantly compared to non-participants. Although the training was effective for all participants, those with less mental health experience benefited more, consistent with previous research. While both in-person and hybrid training were effective, in-person training participants reported slightly higher confidence scores than virtual at follow-up. Study findings suggest that educational and social service organizations should offer this training to their staff and community members who interact with youth, prioritizing participants with less prior mental health training and delivering training through an in-person training modality when possible. However, additional research is needed to explore how aspects of in-person training, such as trainer characteristics and group dynamics, impact outcomes.

BackgroundSchool-based health centers (SBHCs) are ideal settings to address social needs of youth and families. Case managers can play a vital role in social care interventions.MethodsWe piloted a program to incorporate a Case Manager into the care team of 1 SBHC serving 2 local schools with over 900 students and their surrounding communities. This project's purpose was to evaluate program feasibility, utilization, and acceptability. Our mixed-methods evaluation included analyses of data from electronic health records, client satisfaction surveys, and staff interviews.ResultsDuring the 6-month pilot, the Case Manager served 133 clients (about one third of all SBHC clients served) through 593 contacts. Most contacts included referrals to support services (90%) and 37% addressed newcomer immigrant adjustment. All 37 respondents to the satisfaction survey during the 3-month administration period (44% response rate) reported that the Case Manager made them feel comfortable asking for help; 95% reported getting the help they needed. The 7 SBHC staff interviewed shared many program benefits, including increased time for clinical services.Implications for school health policy, practice, and equityInequities in children's health and educational achievement are influenced by structural factors. Results from our pilot program demonstrate that SBHCs may be well-positioned to deliver social care interventions and that case managers enhance the ability to deliver quality care.ConclusionsSchool-based programs to address unmet social needs are critical to supporting learning and wellness for all youth. Robust studies are needed to further test the impacts of case management in SBHCs.

There is scant research on how Asian American adolescents' resiliency relates to mental well-being in adulthood. The objective of this study was to determine the prospective associations between resiliency factors (individual, family, and school community) in adolescence and mental health outcomes in adulthood, among a national sample of Asian Americans. We analyzed data from 1020 Asian American adolescents who were followed for 14 years in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Of the resiliency factors, individual self-esteem (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 0.54, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.37-0.79) and family connectedness (AOR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65-0.93) in adolescence were found to be protective against adult mental health outcomes in logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic factors and baseline mental health. Our study identified individual and family resiliency factors which can be leveraged to help Asian American adolescents and families in cultivating better mental health.

IntroductionSchool-based health centers (SBHCs) provide health services to more than six million youth annually. When schools throughout the United States closed in spring 2020, many SBHCs were also forced to close physical operations..MethodThis study uses qualitative data collected from SBHC representatives nationwide to examine supports and challenges affecting mental health services provision during the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the provision of these services, and priorities for assessing and supporting student mental health needs in the 2021-2022 school year.ResultsPartnerships, community and stakeholder buy-in, and student access were key supports to continuous care throughout the pandemic, whereas lack of available staff and lack of in-person access to students were key challenges. Patients demonstrated increased acuity of presenting mental health problems, more immediate and complex mental health challenges, and greater co-morbidities.DiscussionSBHCs pivoted, even with limited resources, to meet students' increasing needs for mental health care.

Background: Despite extensive literature on school-based health center (SBHC) characteristics and outcomes, their quality of care has not been examined nationally. Standardized quality metrics can inform health care delivery and improvement. Methods: SBHC national performance measures (NPMs) were developed by reviewing measures from national child health quality initiatives and engaging stakeholders in a consensus-building process. NPMs were pilot-tested with 73 SBHCs and SBHCs nationally subsequently reported data. Results: Five NPMs were selected including the percentage of clients annually who received at least one--(1) well-child visit, whether administered in the SBHC or elsewhere; (2) risk assessment; (3) body mass index screen with nutrition and physical activity counseling; and, if age-appropriate, (4) depression screening with follow-up treatment plan; and (5) chlamydia screening among sexually active clients. SBHCs experienced challenges with reporting during pilot-testing, particularly related to extracting data from electronic health records, and identified strategies to address challenges. Approximately 20% of SBHCs nationally voluntarily reported data during the initial year. Implications for School Health: Standardized performance measures can help SBHCs monitor and improve care delivery and demonstrate effectiveness compared to other child health delivery systems. Conclusion: Ongoing data collection will help examine whether measure adoption drives quality improvement for SBHCs nationwide.

Background: School-based health centers (SBHCs) provide health care to vulnerable youth. The purpose of the study was to identify characteristics of youth who use SBHCs with the highest frequency to understand their health needs and receipt of health services. Methods: This study examined cross-sectional survey data from adolescents in 3 urban school districts (n = 2641) to identify the characteristics of youth who use SBHCs with high frequency (10+ visits). Analyses included calculations of simple frequencies and percentages, chi-square tests of significance and multivariate regression. Results: High-frequency SBHC users were more likely to have seriously considered attempting suicide (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.2), be sexually active (AOR: 6.8), and have been victimized at school (AOR: 2.2) compared to their peers who did not use the SBHC. High-frequency SBHC users were also significantly more likely than their peers to report "always" getting mental health (AOR: 7.0) and sexual health (AOR: 6.6) care when needed, and having talked with a health care provider about their moods/feelings (AOR: 3.1) and how school is going (AOR: 3.2) in the past year. Conclusions: These findings hold important relevance to demonstrating the value of SBHCs in increasing vulnerable youth's access to health care, particularly in urban settings.

Telehealth is a growing model of delivering health care. School-based health centers (SBHCs) provide access to health care for youth in schools and increasingly use telehealth in care delivery. This article examines the recent growth of telehealth use in SBHCs, and characteristics of SBHCs using telehealth, including provider types, operational characteristics, and schools and students served. The percentage of SBHCs using telehealth grew from 7% in 2007-2008 to 19% in 2016-2017. Over 1 million students in over 1800 public schools have access to an SBHC using telehealth, which represents 2% of students and nearly 2% of public schools in the United States. These SBHCs are primarily in rural communities and sponsored by hospitals. This growing model presents an opportunity to expand health care access to youth, particularly in underserved areas in the United States and globally. Further research is needed to fully describe how telehealth programs are implemented in school settings and their potential impacts.

Adolescents exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have unique developmental needs that must be addressed by the health, education, and social welfare systems that serve them. Nationwide, over half of adolescents have reportedly been exposed to ACEs. This exposure can have detrimental effects, including increased risk for learning and behavioral issues and suicidal ideation. In response, clinical and community systems need to carefully plan and coordinate services to support adolescents who have been exposed to ACEs, with a particular focus on special populations. We discuss how adolescents' needs can be met, including considering confidentiality concerns and emerging independence; tailoring and testing screening tools for specific use with adolescents; identifying effective multipronged and cross-system trauma-informed interventions; and advocating for improved policies.

BackgroundBullying and victimization are ongoing concerns in schools. School health centers (SHCs) are well situated to support affected students because they provide crisis intervention, mental health care, and broader interventions to improve school climate. This study examined the association between urban adolescents' experiences of school-based bullying and victimization and their use of SHCs.MethodsData was analyzed from 2063 high school students in 5 Northern California school districts using the 2009-2010 California Healthy Kids Survey. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were used to measure associations.ResultsStudents who were bullied or victimized at school had significantly higher odds of using the SHCs compared with students who were not, and were also significantly more likely to report confidentiality concerns. The magnitude of associations was largest for Asian/Pacific Islander students, though this was likely due to greater statistical power. African American students reported victimization experiences at approximately the same rate as their peers, but were significantly less likely to indicate they experienced bullying.ConclusionsFindings suggest that SHCs may be an important place to address bullying and victimization at school, but confidentiality concerns are barriers that may be more common among bullied and victimized youth.

School-based health centers (SBHCs) provide a variety of health care services to youth in a convenient and accessible environment. Over the past 40 years, the growth of SBHCs evolved from various public health needs to the development of a specific collaborative model of care that is sensitive to the unique needs of children and youth, as well as to vulnerable populations facing significant barriers to access. The SBHC model of health care comprises of on-school site health care delivery by an interdisciplinary team of health professionals, which can include primary care and mental health clinicians. Research has demonstrated the SBHCs impacts on delivering preventive care, such as immunizations; managing chronic illnesses, such as asthma, obesity, and mental health conditions; providing reproductive health services for adolescents; and even improving youths academic performance. Although evaluation of the SBHC model of care has been complicated, results have thus far demonstrated increased access to care, improved health and education outcomes, and high levels of satisfaction. Despite their proven success, SBHCs have consistently faced challenges in securing adequate funding for operations and developing effective financial systems for billing and reimbursement. Implementation of health care reform (The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act [P.L. 111-148]) will profoundly affect the health care access and outcomes of children and youth, particularly vulnerable populations. The inclusion of funding for SBHCs in this legislation is momentous, as there continues to be increased demand and limited funding for affordable services. To better understand how this model of care has and could further help promote the health of our nations youth, a review is presented of the history and growth of SBHCs and the literature demonstrating their impacts. It may not be feasible for SBHCs to be established in every school campus in the country. However, the lessons learned from the synergy of the health and school settings have major implications for the delivery of care for all providers concerned with improving the health and well-being of children and adolescents.

Retraction is a mechanism for eliminating and correcting serious problems in the scientific literature and increasing awareness among members of the scientific community about unreliable literature. The objectives of this study were to identify the characteristics and reasons for retraction, analyze citations, and describe the scientific, altmetrics, and technological impacts of hematology retracted papers. Retracted papers were searched using the hematology category of the Web of Science database. The search yielded 101 retracted papers in WoS. Statistics methods such as frequency, mean, interquartile range (IQR), and Pearson's Correlation were used for data analysis. The findings showed the retracted papers were published in 28 different hematology journals. The majority of retracted documents were in Article type (n = 81). The mean time interval of the retracted papers from the first publication to retraction was 50.83 months. The largest number of retracted papers belonged to the United States (n = 46). The most frequently reported reason for retraction was misconduct (n = 55). The findings of this study provide a landscape into the characteristics and citations of retracted papers before and after retraction in addition to the scientific, technological, and altmetrics impacts of hematology retracted papers in the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the mental health risk profile and health utilization behaviors of adolescent school-based health center (SBHC) users and nonusers and discuss the role that SBHCs can play in addressing adolescent health needs. Methods: The sample included 4640 students in grades 9 and 11 who completed the California Healthy Kids Survey between fall 2000 and spring 2005 at 4 high schools in Alameda County, California. Chi-squared tests of significance and multivariate logistic regression were used to compare characteristics of SBHC users and nonusers and identify demographic, health status, and behavioral characteristics predictive of SBHC use. Results: Controlling for demographic variables and general health status, students who reported frequent feelings of sadness, trouble sleeping, suicide ideation, alcohol or marijuana use, the recent loss of a close friend or relationship, or other difficult life event were significantly more likely to seek SBHC services than their peers. Neither health insurance status nor a student's "usual" source of health care was predictive of general SBHC use, but being on public assistance or having no insurance was predictive of a student seeking SBHC mental health services. Conclusions: These findings suggest that SBHCs are able to attract students with the most serious mental health concerns and can play an important role in meeting needs that might otherwise go unmet. The provision of SBHC mental health services in particular may fill a need among adolescents with public or no insurance. (Contains 3 tables.)

Objectives. We describe the impact of school health centers in Alameda County, California, on adolescents' access to care and their mental and physical health outcomes. Methods. We used a multimethod evaluation of 12 school health centers to track data on clients (n=7410), services, and provider-reported outcomes; client pre--post surveys (n=286); and student focus groups (n=105 participants). Results. School health centers were the most commonly reported source of medical (30%), family planning (63%), and counseling (31%) services for clients. Mental health providers reported significant improvements (P Conclusions. School health centers increase access to care and improve mental health, resiliency, and contraceptive use. (Am J Public Health. 2010; 100:1597-1603. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.186833)

We conducted this scoping review of common errors identified by editors and reviewers of biomedical manuscripts. Errors includes items that a reviewer or editor might identify as needing correction. The errors were categorized by section of the manuscript: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and References. After screening 87 published studies, 16 papers were selected for data extraction. Of these 16 studies, the most frequently represented disciplines were Medicine (n = 5), Radiology (n = 2), and Psychiatry (n = 2). The most reported common errors included inappropriate study design, inadequate sample size, poor statistical analysis, and unclear and inadequate description of methods. Abstracts not reflecting the content of the paper were the most frequent general common error in biomedical manuscripts. The findings of this study offer one perspective on common errors in biomedical manuscripts and might be a useful guide for novice authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]