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The article analyzes the impact of cross country skiers on the performance of swimmers. Skiing and swimming are two different sports but have similarities in their properties such as cyclical, rhythmical, and symmetrical. Skier-specific characteristics are divided into several theme areas including relationship with coach and relationship with co-athletes.

A large database on critical and subcritical flow through orifice-and cage-type chokes have been obtained in the Multiphase Flow Loop (MPFL) of Norsk Hydro Oil and Gas R&D Center in Porsgrunn, Norway. This work is an extension of the studies performed in 1999 (367 data points) by Schüller et al. (2003), making a total data set of 509 data points. The downstream separator pressure and temperature were kept at 8 bara and 50°C, respectively. The maximum upstream pressures were approximately 40 bara, giving a maximum pressure ratio of approximately 4. The Hydro models (Schüller et al. 2003) show a very good agreement for prediction of mass flow rate, both for critical and subcritical flow conditions, with an average error of absolute values of 6.2% and a standard deviation of 8.9%. Comparisons with the models of Sachdeva et al. (1986) and Perkins (1993) show that the performances of these models are not as good as the Hydro model. The Sachdeva model and the Perkins model both have average errors greater than 22%, with standard deviations greater than 25%. The Hydro models also seem to predict reasonably correctly the transition between subcritical and critical flow conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The main complications after endovascular therapy of intracranial aneurysms are aneurysm rupture and thromboembolic events. Yet, the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in follow-up of these patients also demonstrates other, rarely known complications such as aseptic meningitis and foreign body reaction., Case Presentation: A small aneurysm in the right posterior communicating artery was treated with endovascular therapy in a 65 year old woman. Two weeks after successful interventional treatment, the patient developed a headache. On MRI performed five months after intervention, vasogenic edema was seen in the vascular territory of the right internal carotid artery. The edema and the symptoms diminished without specific treatment within a year., Interpretation: The clinical and radiological presentation of this case are suggestive of a foreign body reaction, a treatable condition that radiologists and clinicians should be aware of., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2019 Liv Jorunn Høllesli et al.)

Purpose: Intra-arterial therapy (IAT) is used increasingly as a treatment option for acute stroke caused by central large vessel occlusions. Despite high rates of recanalization, the clinical outcome is highly variable. The authors evaluated the Houston IAT (HIAT) and the totaled health risks in vascular events (THRIVE) score, two predicting scores designed to identify patients likely to benefit from IAT., Methods: Fifty-two patients treated at the Stavanger University Hospital with IAT from May 2009 to June 2012 were included in this study. We combined the scores in an additional analysis. We also performed an additional analysis according to high age and evaluated the scores in respect of technical efficacy., Results: Fifty-two patients were evaluated by the THRIVE score and 51 by the HIAT score. We found a strong correlation between the level of predicted risk and the actual clinical outcome (THRIVE p = 0.002, HIAT p = 0.003). The correlations were limited to patients successfully recanalized and to patients <80 years. By combining the scores additional 14.3 % of the patients could be identified as poor candidates for IAT. Both scores were insufficient to identify patients with a good clinical outcome., Conclusions: Both scores showed a strong correlation to poor clinical outcome in patients <80 years. The specificity of the scores could be enhanced by combining them. Both scores were insufficient to identify patients with a good clinical outcome and showed no association to clinical outcome in patients aged ≥80 years.

Background: In recent years, new radiographic diagnostics have increased our knowledge about dissection of the carotid and vertebral arteries as a cause of stroke, probably an underdiagnosed condition. Carotid dissection is now considered one of the most frequent aetiologies of ischaemic stroke in patients less than 50 years of age and it accounts for 20% of all cases under the age of 30., Material and Methods: In this paper we describe clinical course and investigations in four patients who had dissection of the precerebral arteries., Results: Three patients had carotid artery dissection, one vertebral artery dissection. Three patients had ischaemic symptoms. One patient had symptoms following physiotherapy to the neck., Interpretation: Patients with craniocervical arterial dissection should be investigated with ultrasound techniques and MRI or CT; antiplatelet agents or anticoagulation therapy should be considered.