Search

[ES] El proyecto define por completo las instalaciones eléctricas de baja tensión y los diferentes cálculos que componen la instalación fotovoltaica necesaria para cumplir con las demandas de la empresa. Se trata de una empresa de cítricos situada en en La Alcudia (Valencia). Se realizará el estudio pertinente para dimensionar la instalación, incluyendo un análisis de sensibilidad con escenarios de distintas potencias para obtener la más adecuada con el objetivo de minimizar el periodo de retorno simple de la inversión teniendo en cuenta en todo momento que la instalación debe acogerse a la modalidad de autoconsumo sin excedentes y de inyección a red cero. Por lo que la instalación, finalmente, estará compuesta por un sistema antivertido, 504 módulos fotovoltaicos de 440 W unitarios, 2 inversores de 100 kW nominales cada uno, adquiriendo de esta manera una potencia nominal de 200 kW y una potencia pico de módulos de 221,76 kWp. Además, también ser realizará el cálculo y elección del tipo y sección de cables utilizados para la conexión de los módulos, así como la configuración de los strings más adecuada para las características del proyecto. Con todo esto tendremos una instalación fotovoltaica que consumirá toda la energía producida, cubriendo un 5,7% de la demanda anual de la empresa. Para los cálculos relativos a la producción de energía se tendrán en cuenta todos los datos necesarios, como la ubicación de la instalación (para la irradiación solar en dicha zona), la orientación de la cubierta donde se instalarán los módulos, así como la inclinación de los mismos. Con todo ello obtendremos unos datos de producción mucho más precisos. Para finalizar con el proyecto se realizarán los planos de la ubicación de los módulos fotovoltaicos, así como el unifilar correspondiente, el presupuesto de ejecución del proyecto, un apartado donde se analizarán las posibles subvenciones y ayudas que podría recibir el proyecto en la actualidad y un breve análisis de viabilidad económica. Además de adjuntar las fichas técnicas de todos los componentes utilizados a lo largo del proyecto con las características particulares de cada uno de ellos. Finalmente, también se incluirá un estudio básico de seguridad y salud. Y en caso de considerarse oportuno se incluiría un pliego de condiciones técnicas tanto generales como particulares del propio proyecto. Se justificará también la ubicación adecuada y la resistencia de la cubierta., [EN] The project completely defines the low voltage electrical installations and the different calculations that make up the photovoltaic installation necessary to meet the demands of the company. It is a citrus company located in L'Alcudia (Valencia). The pertinent study will be carried out to size the installation, including a sensitivity analysis with scenarios of different powers to obtain the most appropriate with the aim of minimizing the period of simple return on investment, taking into account at all times that the installation must be eligible for the modality of self-consumption without surpluses and zero grid injection. Therefore, the installation, finally, will consist of an anti-spillage system, 504 photovoltaic modules of 440 W each, 2 inverters of 100 nominal kW each, thus acquiring a nominal power of 200 kW and a peak power of 221 modules. .76 kWp. In addition, the calculation and choice of the type and section of cables used for the connection of the modules will also be carried out, as well as the configuration of the strings most suitable for the characteristics of the project. With all this we will have a photovoltaic installation that will consume all the energy produced, covering 5.7% of the company's annual demand. For the calculations related to energy production, all the necessary data will be taken into account, such as the location of the installation (for solar irradiation in said area), the orientation of the roof where the modules will be installed, as well as the inclination of the same. With all this we will obtain much more precise production data. To finish with the project, the plans for the location of the photovoltaic modules will be made, as well as the corresponding single line, the project execution budget, a section where the possible subsidies and aid that the project could currently receive and a brief economic feasibility analysis. In addition to attaching the technical sheets of all the components used throughout the project with the particular characteristics of each of them. Finally, a basic health and safety study will also be included. And if considered appropriate, a specification of technical conditions, both general and specific to the project itself, would be included. The adequate location and the resistance of the roof will also be justified.

The article is devoted to the study of the efficiency of the structural elements of the solar collector in cloudy conditions with the stabilization of heat transfer due to the use of terrestrial radiation. The study involves experimental verification of theoretically obtained assumptions about the use of terrestrial radiation to improve the efficiency of the solar installation. Proposed a hybrid version of a solar installation using solar and terrestrial radiation. Based on the results of laboratory and field experimental tests, the efficiency of the offered hybrid installation is confirmed, positive results from short-term compensations of decrease in solar irradiation, e.g., due to clouds, are received. In addition to the known characteristics of heat collectors, for a hybrid installation, such a design parameter as the ratio of the heat capacity of the accumulator and the collector seems to be essential. The increase in the indicator characterizes the increase in the time of effective operation in the presence of clouds. The tests showed a significant impact on the operation of the installation of external factors such as the position of the Sun, ambient temperature, wind speed, etc. This will be taken into account in the further justification of the design of the hybrid installation and its parameters.

Curtailment of variable renewable energy increases the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), which is the tool often used to compare its profitability against traditional energy sources. Recently, the Kyushu Region of Japan had to curtail some of its solar production to meet energy balance. As many countries increase their solar energy production, curtailment will be inevitable. It is therefore important to develop methodologies to calculate it. In the case of Japan, curtailment can easily be estimated using hourly data. However, such data is unavailable in other countries. In this study, a methodology to reproduce curtailment using known periodicity and statistical data is presented. Insights were initially generated by simulating future curtailment scenarios of Kyushu to extract the factors that affect curtailment. Fourier analysis was used to identify the periodicity of demand and solar production. The Fourier representation was simplified using the identified factors. Along with statistical data, the demand and solar data were approximated and the curtailment was reproduced. Results show that curtailment can be closely reproduced using the proposed methodology on a yearly and monthly level. Further research is necessary to test the methodology for other conditions like having different climate, varying daily fluctuations, and other human-related fluctuations., The 6th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems Engineering (CPESE 2019), 20–23​ September 2019, Okinawa, Japan.

Dokumentu honek Portugaleteko Los Llanos kirolguneko eguzki-instalazio fotovoltaiko baten diseinua eta dimentsionamendua garatzea izan du helburu. Kasu honetan, isolatutako eguzki-instalazioek eta sarera konektatutako autokontsumorako eguzki-instalazioek eskainitako alternatibak aztertuz kirolgunerako aukerarik egokiena zehaztu da. Izan ere, autokontsumorako eguzki-instalazio baten diseinua eta dimentsionamendua aurrera eraman da, non sorturiko soberakinak saltzen diren. Hasteko, kirolgunearen eremu geografikoaren azterlanetan eguzki-panelen kokapen posibleak ikertu eta aukeratu dira. Baita eremu geografikoaren irradiazioari erreparatu zaio ere, kirolguneak eguzki-instalazio posible bat edukitzeko potentziala berretsiz. Lan honen barruan eguzki-instalazio fotovoltaikoa osatzen duten osagai nagusiak aukeratzeko alternatiben analisia planteatu da, eguzki-panelak edota inbertsorea aukeratzeko hala nola. Ondoren, isolatutako eguzki-instalazioaren bideragarritasuna aztertu da. Muturreko kasu hau aztertzerakoan eta urritik otsailerako kontsumoa ekoiztea ezinezkoa dela ikusita, sarera konektatutako eguzki-instalazio baten diseinua eta dimentsionamendua planteatu da. SketchUp programa erabilita, kirolgunearen 3D eredua diseinatu da eta horri esker itzalen analisia egitea posible izan da. Gainera, eguzki-panelek urteko garai desberdinetan duten portaera eta inbertsorearen sarrera-irteera parametroen arabera, eguzki-instalazio fotovoltaikoaren dimentsionamendua garatu da. Errentagarritasunaren analisiari esker, proiektu hau errealitatera eramango balitz 25 urtetan 39.844,16 €-ko irabazia lortuko litzateke. Izatez, 2020. urtean Los Llanoseko kirolgunean eguzki-instalazio fotovoltaikoa egin izan balitz, 6.744,10 €-ko irabazia lortuko zen urte horretako gastuekin alderatuta. Bukatzeko, arriskuen analisian eman daitezkeen arrisku posible batzuk planteatu dira, arazo hauei aurre egiteko kontingentzia-plan bat diseinatuz. Este documento ha tenido como objetivo desarrollar el diseño y dimensionamiento de una instalación solar fotovoltaica en el complejo deportivo Los Llanos de Portugalete. En este caso, analizando las alternativas ofrecidas por las instalaciones solares aisladas y las instalaciones solares de autoconsumo conectadas a la red, se ha determinado la opción más adecuada para el complejo deportivo. De hecho, se ha llevado a cabo el diseño y dimensionamiento de una instalación solar de autoconsumo en la que se venden los excedentes generados. Para empezar, en los estudios del ámbito geográfico del complejo deportivo se han investigado y seleccionado las posibles ubicaciones de paneles solares. También se ha atendido a la irradiación del ámbito geográfico, confirmando el potencial de la zona deportiva para disponer de una posible instalación solar. Dentro de este trabajo se plantea un análisis de alternativas para seleccionar los principales componentes que componen la instalación solar fotovoltaica, como son los paneles solares o el inversor. Posteriormente se ha analizado la viabilidad de la instalación solar aislada. A la hora de analizar este caso extremo y ante la imposibilidad de producir el consumo de octubre a febrero, se ha planteado el diseño y dimensionamiento de una instalación solar conectada a la red. Utilizando el programa SketchUp se ha diseñado el modelo 3D del complejo deportivo, que ha permitido el análisis de sombras. Además, según los parámetros de comportamiento de los paneles solares en las diferentes épocas del año y de entrada y salida del inversor, se ha desarrollado el dimensionamiento de la instalación solar fotovoltaica. Gracias al análisis de rentabilidad, si este proyecto se trasladara a la realidad se obtendría un beneficio de 39.844,16 € en 25 años. De hecho, si en el año 2020 se hubiera realizado una instalación solar fotovoltaica en el complejo deportivo de Los Llanos, se habría obtenido una ganancia de 6.744,10 € respecto a los gastos ese año. Finalmente, se plantean una serie de posibles riesgos en el análisis de riesgos, diseñando un plan de contingencia para hacer frente a estos problemas. This document has aimed to develop the design and dimensioning of a photovoltaic solar installation in Los Llanos sports complex in Portugalete. In this case, by analysing the alternatives offered by isolated solar installations and self-consumption solar installations connected to the grid, the most suitable option for the sports complex has been determined. In fact, the design and dimensioning of a self-consumption solar installation has been carried out in which the generated surpluses are sold. To begin with, in the studies of the geographical scope of the sports complex, it has been investigated and selected possible locations of solar panels. The irradiation of the geographical area has also been addressed, confirming the potential of the sports area to have a possible solar installation. Within this work, an analysis of alternatives is proposed to select the main components that make up the photovoltaic solar installation, such as the solar panels or the inverter. Subsequently, the feasibility of the isolated solar installation has been analysed. When analyzing this extreme case and faced with the impossibility of producing the consumption from October to February, the design and dimensioning of a solar installation connected to the grid has been considered. Using SketchUp program, the 3D model of the sports complex has been designed, which has allowed the analysis of shadows. In addition, according to the parameters of behavior of the solar panels in the different times of the year and of input and output of the inverter, the dimensioning of the photovoltaic solar installation has been developed. Thanks to the profitability analysis, if this project were to be translated into reality, a profit of €39,844.16 would be obtained in 25 years. In fact, if a photovoltaic solar installation had been carried out in 2020 in the sports complex of Los Llanos, a profit of €6,744.10 would have been obtained compared to the expenses of that year. Finally, a series of possible risks are posed in the risk analysis, designing a contingency plan to address these problems.

Investment decisions in renewable energies are known to be influenced by many diverse drivers, e.g. social, political, geographic, economic and psychological. Non-comprehensive models are problematic since missed interactions might introduce bias. We implement a robust modelling approach by (1) using a large data set with 1.4 million solar installations and (2) three different machine learning algorithms (deep neural networks, gradient boosting, random forests). Generalized linear models serve as baseline and comparison. A high prediction accuracy can be achieved on the county level with deep neural networks (adjusted R2 = 0.86) and gradient boosting (adjusted R2 = 0.87). The most important drivers are population per county, followed by type of urbanisation and social variables like unemployment, with varying degree of importance for the different machine-learning algorithms. Our approach points out both differences and agreements across methods and therefore a higher confidence in their interpretation.

— The article presents the calculation method based on the heat and humidity parameters of the units direct and indirect-evaporative cooling in air conditioning systems in buildings are analyzed various technical diagrams. On the basis of experimental and theoretical studies established the benefits of schemes based on indirect-evaporative cooling. The processes of heat and humidity of air treatment, demonstrate the benefits of solar installations with devices indirect evaporative-type compared to conventional solutions.

[ES] En este trabajo se abordará el estudio de una instalación eléctrica mediante energía solar para el autoconsumo de una vivienda aislada. Dicho estudio investigara diferentes tipos de instalaciones posibles para las características requeridas por el usuario. Para ello se realizaran los cálculos técnicos precisos para la ejecución de cada una de las diferentes posibilidades aplicando la normativa vigente (BOE del 6 de abril de 2019). Para finalizar se elaborarán una serie de presupuestos y un estudio de viabilidad para el diseño propuesto., [EN] The following final grade work tries to approach the design of an electrical installation by means of solar energy for the self-consumption of an isolated house. In order to elaborate the design the different possible alternatives for the characteristics required by the user are studied, proceeding later to the accomplishment of the precise technical calculations and design of the different parts of the installation for the execution of the same one. An exhaustive budget and a feasibility study for the proposed design will also be prepared. For all this, we will have an understanding of the operation of each of the parts that make up the self-supplying solar photovoltaic installation as well as its components, and everything will be determined by applying the regulations in force (BOE of 6 April 2019)., [CA] El següent treball de final de grau tracta d'abordar el disseny d'una instal·lació elèctrica per mitjà d'energia solar per a l'autoconsum d'una vivenda aïllada. Per a elaborar el disseny s'estudien les diferents alternatives possibles per a les característiques requerides per l'usuari, procedint posteriorment a la realització dels càlculs tècnics precisos i disseny de les distintes parts de la instal·lació per a l'execució de la mateixa. També s'elaborarà un exhaustiu pressupost i un estudi de viabilitat per al disseny proposat. Per a tot això, es compta amb la comprenssió del funcionament de cada una de les parts que conformen la instal·lació solar fotovoltaica d'autoabastiment així com dels seus components, i es determinarà tot aplicant la normativa vigent (BOE del 6 d'abril de 2019).

The influence of changes in the average daily temperature and air humidity on the efficiency of an Absorption Bromistolithium Refrigeration Machine on solar energy for the purposes of conditioning and condensation of moisture from air is studied. The analysis of thermodynamic cycles with various circuit solutions of an Absorption Bromistolithium Refrigeration Machine is carried out. The values of the minimum temperature of the heating source are obtained, at which fresh water can be obtained for the cities of Dubai, Singapore and Chongqing

The article considers the parameters of the solar installation, the angle of inclination and the area of the solar collectors, which affect the efficiency of its operation. The results of the studies made it possible to establish their relationship. В статье рассматриваются параметры солнечной установки, угол наклона и площадь солнечных коллекторов, влияющие на эффективность ее работы. Результаты проведенных исследований позволили установить их взаимосвязь.

В статті запропонована математична модель гібридної енергосистеми з відновлюваними джерелами енергії Отримані рівняння моделі відображають динаміку керування енергосистеми при перерозподілі потоків енергії. In the article the mathematical model to develop a hybrid power system, which provides consumers with electric and heat energy from four sources of excess accumulation of partial and cheap energy. It was proposed block diagram of a hybrid power system in the central part of the grid, renewable battery power or heat. Based on the proposed scheme were drawn up structural equation model mathematical distribution of energy flows, including the cost of energy. The equations models reflect the dynamics of power management reallocate energy flows through the presence of control parameters αi(t) and redistribution of energy recruiting particles kij(t).

Представлен обзор систем мониторинга солнечных фотоэлектрических станций и установок – как сетевых, так и автономных – на территории РФ. Актуальность такого рода мониторинга определяется задачами проектирования, а также достаточно сложными и неоднородными с позиций развития солнечной энергетики климатическими условиями России. Рассмотрены методы и инструменты, используемые для проведения мониторинга. Предложены элементы регламента и перечень задач мониторинга. Описаны результаты расчетов по предложенной инженерной методике прогнозирования производительности ФЭУ. Проведена верификация среднемесячных данных NASA SSE о падающей солнечной радиации, используемых в качестве исходных параметров в расчетной методике. На основе экспериментальных данных подтверждена адекватность использования предложенной инженерной методики для прогноза производительности фотоэлектрических установок. Выявлены основные факторы, которые вносят наиболее весомый вклад в погрешность расчетов. Представлены выявленные в процессе мониторинга автономной фотоэлектрической системы аспекты, имеющие существенное значение для работы системы мониторинга и установки в целом. Предлагается создать на территории России сеть фотоэлектрических установок, оснащенных системами мониторинга для обработки и обмена информацией, формирования единого регламента измерений и разработки рекомендаций по установке ФЭС в различных географических условиях страны. The paper presents an overview of monitoring systems for grid connected and stand-alone solar photovoltaic power plants and installations on the territory of the Russian Federation. The monitoring relevance is determined by design objectives and by quite complex and heterogeneous from the standpoint of solar energy development climatic conditions of Russia. The methods and tools used for monitoring are reviewed. Elements of regulation and the list of monitoring tasks are proposed. The results of calculations on the proposed method of engineering prediction performance for PV installations are described. Verification of the monthly average incident solar radiation data from NASA SSE which are used as the initial parameters in the calculation methodology is carried. On the basis of experimental data the adequacy of using engineering technique for performance prediction of photovoltaic installations is confirmed. The main factors that make the most significant contribution to the calculation error are revealed. The main aspects that had been identified during the photovoltaic system monitoring and essential to operation of the monitoring system and the whole installation are presented. We propose to create a network of PV systems in Russia equipped with monitoring systems for processing and exchange of information, formation of unified measurement rules and to develop the recommendations for setting of PV systems in various geographical conditions of the country Габдерахманова Татьяна Сергеевна, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник, Объединенный институт высоких температур РАН, г. Москва; tts_91@mail.ru. Зайцев Сергей Иванович, канд. физ.-мат. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, научно-исследовательская лаборатория возобновляемых источников энергии, Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, г. Москва; gna1957@mail.ru. Киселева Софья Валентиновна, канд. физ.-мат. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, научно-исследовательская лаборатория возобновляемых источников энергии, Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, г. Москва; k_sophia_v@mail.ru. Тарасенко Алексей Борисович, младший научный сотрудник, Объединенный институт высоких температур РАН, г. Москва; a.b.tarasenko@gmail.com. Шакун Владимир Петрович, специалист, научно-исследовательская лаборатория возобновляемых источников энергии, Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, г. Москва; a-wee@yandex.ru. T.S. Gabderakhmanova1, tts_91@mail.ru, S.I. Zaytsev2, gna1957@mail.ru, S.V. Kiseleva2, k_sophia_v@mail.ru, A.B. Tarasenko1, a.b.tarasenko@gmail.com, V.P. Shakun2, a-wee@yandex.ru Joint Institute of High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation