Search

Pregrado T?cnico en Registro M?dico y Estad?stica de Salud

Pregrado T?cnico en Registro M?dico y Estad?stica de Salud

In recent times, the Scalar Field Dark Matter (SFDM) model (also called Fuzzy, Wave, Ultralight dark matter model) has received much attention due to its success in describing dark matter on both cosmological and galactic scales. Several challenges of the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model can be explained very easily and naturally by the SFDM model. Two of these challenges are to describe the anomalous trajectories of satellite galaxies called the Vast Polar Structure (VPOS) and to explain the Fermi Bubbles (FB) observed in our galaxy. In Phys.Rev.D103(2021)083535 an alternative explanation for VPOS was shown using the SFDM excited states, explaining the anomalous trajectories in a natural and simple way. In this work we use the same dark matter structure to show that these excited states of the SFDM can provide a very simple and natural explanation for the FB, assuming that the SFDM is a kind of dark boson. If this assumption is correct, we should see FB in several more galaxies and continue to see gamma-ray events at higher energies, these observations would take place in the near future and could be crucial to the ultimate answer to the nature of dark matter.

En a��os recientes, el estudio de la etiopatogenia de la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) ha crecido, involucrando la participaci��n de numerosas hormonas como el cortisol, prolactina y estr��genos, junto con la disfunci��n de la c��lula �� y la actividad de adipocinas como la leptina y la adiponectina, adem��s de un rol central para la obesidad y la inflamaci��n sist��mica de bajo grado. El estudio de estos aspectos es fundamental puesto que la DMG es reconocida como el desorden metab��lico m��s frecuente durante el embarazo, con cifras de prevalencia que han incrementado dr��sticamente en los ��ltimos a��os. En este sentido, a pesar de que la evidencia sustenta estos factores como causales de la DMG, a��n se carece de estrategias que permitan utilizar este conocimiento en la pr��ctica cl��nica, por lo que se requieren m��s estudios para lograr un manejo hol��stico de la paciente con DMG. Expandiendo el acervo intelectual en relaci��n al origen de la DMG se pueden establecer nuevas opciones terap��uticas para ofrecer a este grupo de pacientes. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de esta revisi��n es evaluar las nuevas propuestas fisiopatol��gicas respecto a la patogenia de la DMG.

Pregrado Licenciado(a) en Registros M?dicos y Estad?sticas de Salud

El profesor Hern��ndez Sol��s logra un acierto metodol��gico tremendo al compaginar tanto la reflexi��n sociol��gica relativa a los principios b��sicos del neoliberalismo como ideolog��a ���la teolog��a econ��mica de mercado, el individualismo filos��fico y la idea del ego��smo y c��lculo racional en la econom��a-; con un recorrido hist��rico que permite observar las condiciones temporales y acontecimientos que permitieron florecer al sentido com��n neoliberal mexicano, y toma como eje rector de su an��lisis a los grandes portavoces de ese ideario en M��xico, que el autor, con gran acierto, divide en dos grupos: uno que contaba con un prestigio acad��mico y cierto enfoque hist��rico con el cual interpretar la realidad (donde descuellan historiadores como Aguilar Cam��n y Enrique Krauze) y otro que, sin la menor solidez intelectiva, funge como repetidor de consignas y emisarios de panfletos, como si fueran productores en masa de ideas chatarra (y en ese campo el autor ubica a autores de pasquines falsificadores de la historia, como Francisco Mart��n Moreno, cuyo fin no es reabrir debates de temas del pasado, sino desprestigiar a personajes y procesos que ellos consideran precursores de cualquier viso de solidaridad o colectividad).

Additional file 1. Evaluation of the implementation of the intervention and baseline characteristics. Evaluation of each of the components of the intervention according to the participating traditional midwives and baseline characteristics of each community.

Additional file 1. Macroscopic and biochemical parameters in Tg-kl mice.

Additional file 2. R code for the analysis of our light-level geolocator data.

Additional file 1. Tables S1���S7 and Figure S1.

Additional file 2. Macroscopic and biochemical parameters in Klotho hypomorphic mice.

As part of the ORION project, the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) conducted a public dialogue exercise to gather opinions from civil society and strategic stakeholders to explore how to take them into account for the development of the next CRG strategic plan for the period 2021-2024, so to align the plan with society���s views, values and expectations. Internally, the aim of this exercise was also to promote a cultural change in the perception of Open Science throughout the CRG community. The public dialogue took place during the months of October and November 2020 and was held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This dialogue has served as an instrument to support and encourage the ORION overarching goal: to embed Open Science and Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) principles in research funding and performing organisations (RFPOs).

En el contexto del cambio clim��tico para promocionar un crecimiento sostenible de la productividad, se deben aplicar estrategias que garanticen el aumento en los rendimientos, la conservaci��n de los recursos gen��ticos y la adopci��n de pr��cticas innovadoras de manejo de cultivos, que generen valor agregado e incrementen los ingresos rurales. La selecci��n participativa es una v��a sencilla, r��pida y eficiente de introducir un gran n��mero de cultivares, su efectividad ha sido probada en diversos cultivos. Los fitomejoradores desarrollan cultivares m��s productivos en condiciones ideales, pero muchas veces no se adaptan bien a las condiciones espec��ficas de los agricultores, este enfoque que se recomienda permite incrementar los rendimientos, la diversidad gen��tica en los ambientes metas y la toma de decisiones de los agricultores en las comunidades participantes. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los cultivares con mayor aceptaci��n y los criterios agron��micos m��s tenidos en cuenta. Se muestran los resultados de la selecci��n participativa de cultivares de soya en una Feria de Diversidad desarrollada en una finca del municipio Los Palacios. Con base a los criterios agron��micos considerados por los participantes, se identificaron los cultivares con mayor aceptaci��n y se determin�� el porcentaje de diversidad efectiva. Se destacaron por su buen comportamiento para la localidad los cultivares D-2101, DT-26, DT-22 y DT-20 y los caracteres con mayor grado de aceptaci��n en el momento de realizar la selecci��n fueron cantidad de granos por vaina, cantidad de vainas por planta, tama��o del grano, rendimiento, altura y la incidencia de plagas.

Las crecientes demandas de productos agrícolas deben ser satisfechas con incrementos proporcionales de la producción, una vía es el empleo de bioestimulantes, que no solo reducen los costos de producción del agricultor, sino que proporcionan un mayor respeto al medio ambiente y generan un valor añadido a los cultivos, eliminando residuos, produciendo alimentos saludables y podrían sustituir o reducir el uso de fertilizantes. Una de estas demandas en Cuba está en el arroz, por ello se desarrolló este estudio en el municipio Los Palacios, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de los bioestimulantes Biobras-16® y QuitoMax®, en el rendimiento y sus componentes de una línea avanzada de arroz y el cultivar comercial INCA LP-5, como estrategia para incrementar los rendimientos en estas condiciones edafoclimáticas, evaluándose los dos genotipos con los bioestimulantes de manera independiente y la combinación de ambos en dos etapas del cultivo, empleando dosis de 25 mg ha-1 de Biobras-16® y 50 mg ha-1 de QuitoMax®. Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo bifactorial, con ocho tratamientos de tres réplicas cada uno, se evaluaron cinco caracteres cuantitativos y los datos obtenidos se sometieron a un análisis estadístico univariado. Los resultados mostraron que el rendimiento agrícola fue superior cuando los genotipos se trataron, confirmando las potencialidades del Biobras-16® y el QuitoMax® para ser utilizados como estimuladores de este carácter en el cultivo del arroz. Las mejores respuestas se obtuvieron con la Línea 1 cuando fue tratada con QuitoMax® y con la mezcla de Biobras-16® más QuitoMax®.

Cuba es uno de los pa��ses que registra altos valores de consumo de arroz con 72 kg per c��pita al a��o, pero hasta el momento la producci��n nacional solo satisface el 50 % de las necesidades. Por esta raz��n los mejoradores de arroz trabajan, mediante diversas estrategias, en la b��squeda de nuevos cultivares que combinen buenos rendimientos y tolerancia a factores bi��ticos y abi��ticos para enriquecer la estructura varietal en el pa��s. El objetivo del trabajo es dar a conocer las caracter��sticas de un nuevo cultivar de ciclo medio obtenido por el Programa Nacional de Mejoramiento de Arroz. El cultivar ISRA LP-24 fue obtenido en la Unidad Cient��fico Tecnol��gica de Base ���Los Palacios���, mediante el empleo de hibridaciones simples de los progenitores INCA LP-4/Vietnamita 2084 y aplicando el m��todo de selecci��n por Pedigr��. El mismo, despu��s de ser caracterizado, fue evaluado en los ensayos superiores de rendimiento y posteriormente se valid�� en ��reas del Sector Cooperativo y Campesino en municipios con condiciones edafoclim��ticas diferentes. Para la caracterizaci��n se emple�� el Standard Evaluation System for Rice del International Rice Research Institute. Entre las caracter��sticas que distinguen a este nuevo cultivar se destacan: alto vigor, porte erecto, altura intermedia, ausencia de aristas, pan��culas bien emergidas, senescencia tard��a, alto peso del grano, excelentes rendimientos tanto en fr��o como en primavera, presenta 63% de granos enteros, as�� como tolerancia en campo a las principales plagas que afectan al cultivo.

El lenguaje forma parte del universo simb��lico del hombre, a trav��s de su avance ha sido posible la evoluci��n de la especie humana; por este motivo, se ha convertido en un tema de inter��s para la filosof��a, as�� como para otras disciplinas cient��ficas, tales como: la historia, la ling����stica, la sociolog��a, la educaci��n, entre otras, gracias a los diversos enfoques y perspectivas interdisciplinares que se pueden formar sobre su uso. En el mundo actual, determinado por la sociedad de la informaci��n, los avances en la globalizaci��n del saber, la presencia de las tecnolog��as de la informaci��n y la comunicaci��n (TIC) y las redes sociales, resulta indispensable valorar los elementos que definen el uso correcto de la lengua espa��ola, de igual forma, aquellos aspectos que tienden a la tergiversaci��n de la misma. La generaci��n centennial se ha caracterizado por modificar negativamente el lenguaje y trasladarlo al ��mbito acad��mico, modificando los patrones que definen la cultura y las relaciones sociales, pero a pesar de que estos elementos permiten codificar su propia identidad, tambi��n resultan perjudiciales a la hora del desarrollo del pensamiento cr��tico y en la producci��n de textos acad��micos.

El reci��n nacido quir��rgico es aquel que, en los primeros 28 d��as de su vida, presenta una afecci��n que requiere de una intervenci��n quir��rgica para su soluci��n. Alrededor del 2% de todos los reci��n nacidos presenta malformaciones cong��nitas, las cuales pueden ser complejas, letales, o producir incapacidades, en dependencia del diagn��stico, la evoluci��n de la enfermedad y el tratamiento aplicado. En pacientes en los que exista la sospecha de afecciones quir��rgicas, es imprescindible la evaluaci��n por un equipo m��dico multidisciplinario que incluya neonat��logos, pediatras, cirujanos pediatras y anestesi��logos, para determinar acciones generales y ex��menes dirigidos a establecer el diagn��stico y a realizar el tratamiento oportuno. Los neonatos con afecciones quir��rgicas presentan una elevada morbimortalidad en todo el mundo. Constituyen un desaf��o para los profesionales que enfrentan su atenci��n m��dica, por la vulnerabilidad e inmadurez fisiol��gica propia del reci��n nacido, la enfermedad o malformaci��n cong��nita de base, as�� como por la agresi��n que representa una intervenci��n quir��rgica en esta etapa de la vida. Entre las malformaciones cong��nitas m��s frecuentes que requieren cirug��a en el reci��n nacido est��n la atresia esof��gica, las atresias y estenosis intestinales, las malformaciones anorrectales, las hernias diafragm��ticas, entre otras. Gracias al manejo multidisciplinario, el uso de alimentaci��n parenteral, nuevas modalidades de ventilaci��n mec��nica, la aplicaci��n de novedosas t��cnicas quir��rgicas y la atenci��n de estos pacientes en centros especializados, se ha podido mejorar en la actualidad la supervivencia de los reci��n nacidos intervenidos quir��rgicamente.

El objetivo de este art��culo es apuntar cuatro pilares que sustenten el desarrollo de las investigaciones en las universidades y los centros de investigaci��n. Para su desarrollo se emple�� el m��todo de investigaci��n documental. El primer pilar est�� vinculado con desarrollar competencias humanas para la investigaci��n, el segundo con fortalecer el liderazgo en los centros de investigaci��n, el tercero con usar las TIC para el desarrollo multidisciplinario de la investigaci��n y el cuarto con promover las implicancias ��ticas dentro de la investigaci��n. Estos pilares responden a las pol��ticas fundamentales para promover la investigaci��n en las universidades, instituciones que hoy requieren recuperan su rol de promotores del desarrollo de la investigaci��n, en el contexto de celebrar el bicentenario de independencia de la regi��n latinoamericana.

We envision the use of an indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film as part of a bi-layered silicon-photonics subwavelength device to boost nonlinearity-assisted all-passive nonreciprocal behavior. The asymmetric p-polarized oblique excitation of a mode near the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) frequency, with highly-confined and enhanced normal electric field component and large absorption, allows to harness ITO's strong ultrafast nonlinear response for the generation of a notable nonreciprocal performance in the two-port element. Though limited by loss, we find the device's optimal operational point and the maximum nonreciprocal transmittance ratio attainable vs. light intensity -- including an apparent upper bound slightly over 2 --, and we perform exhaustive numerical simulations considering nonlinear processes of both anharmonic and thermal nature that validate our predictions, including steady-state and pulsed-laser excitations., 12 pages (including 5 appendices), 9 figures (4 in the main text and 5 in the appendices)

A subdiffusion problem in which the diffusion term is related to a stable stochastic process is introduced. Linear models of these systems have been studied in a general way, but non-linear models require a more specific analysis. The model presented in this work corresponds to a non-linear evolution equation with fractional time derivative and a pseudo-differential operator acting on the spatial variable. This type of equations has a couple of fundamental solutions, whose estimates for the L_p-norm are found to obtain three main results concerning mild and global solutions. The existence and uniqueness of a mild solution is based on the conditions required in some parameters, one of which is the order of stability of the stochastic process. The existence and uniqueness of a global solution is found for the case of small initial conditions and another for non-negative initial conditions. The relationship between Fourier analysis and Markov processes, together with the theory of fixed points in Banach spaces, is particularly exploited. In addition, the present work includes the asymptotic behavior of global solutions as a linear combination of the fundamental solutions with L_p-decay., 37 pages

We study the problem of a temporal discontinuity in the permittivity of an unbounded medium with Lorentzian dispersion. More specifically, we tackle the situation in which a monochromatic plane wave forward-travelling in a (generally lossy) Lorentzian-like medium scatters from the temporal "half-space interface" that results from an abrupt temporal change in its plasma frequency (while keeping its resonance frequency constant). In order to achieve momentum preservation across the temporal discontinuity, we show how, unlike in the well-known problem of a nondispersive discontinuity, the second-order nature of the dielectric function now gives rise to two shifted frequencies. As a consequence, whereas in the nondispersive scenario the continuity of the electric displacement D and the magnetic induction B suffice to find the amplitude of the new forward and backward wave, we now need two extra temporal boundary conditions. That is, two forward and two backward plane waves are now instantaneously generated in response to a forward-only plane wave. We also include a transmission-line equivalent with lumped circuit elements that describes the dispersive time-discontinuous scenario under consideration., 13 pages (including four appendices), 9 figures (including 2 figures in the appendix section)

In this paper we obtain bounds for integer solutions of quadratic polynomials in two variables that represent a natural number. Also we get some results on twin prime numbers. In addition, we use linear functionals to prove some results of the mathematical analysis and the Fermat's last theorem., The article has 13 pages and a graph

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-lup-10.1177_09612033211061475 for Something new about prognostic factors for lupus nephritis? A systematic review by Esther Rodr��guez-Almaraz, Elena Guti��rrez-Sol��s, Elena Rabad��n, Paola Rodr��guez, Loreto Carmona, Enrique Morales and Mar��a Galindo in Lupus

In light of the first observation of the semileptonic decay $B^{0}_{s}\to K^{-}��^{+}��_��$ by the LHCb collaboration, we revisit the determination of the CKM parameter $|V_{ub}|$ from exclusive semileptonic $B$-meson decays. A controlled theoretical input on the Standard Model $B\to��$ and $B_{s}\to K$ vector and scalar form factors from Lattice QCD in the large $q^{2}$ region, in combination with experimental measurements of the differential $B\to��\ell��_{\ell}$ and $B^{0}_{s}\to K^{-}��^{+}��_��$ branching ratio distributions, has allowed us determine $|V_{ub}|=3.86(11)\times10^{-3}$ and $|V_{ub}|=3.58(9)\times10^{-3}$ from the analyses of the individual decay channels, respectively, and $|V_{ub}|=3.68(5)\times10^{-3}$ from a simultaneous analysis of both decays, which is only a $1.4\%$ error and differs by $1.8��$ with respect to the value from inclusive determinations $|V_{ub}|=4.25(12)^{+15}_{-14}(23)\times10^{-3}$. Our results are based on the use of Pad�� approximants to the participating form factors, highlight the importance of the decay $B_{s}\to K����_��$ in complementing the traditional $B\to��\ell��_{\ell}$ one in the exclusive determination of $|V_{ub}|$, and allow obtain, to the best of our knowledge, the first correlated results for the $B\to��$ and $B_{s}\to K$ vector and scalar form factors. We hope that our study strengthens the case for precise measurements of the differential $B_{s}\to K\ell��_{\ell}$ decay rate with a finer resolution of the $q^{2}$ bins, as it would definitely allow achieving more conclusive results for $|V_{ub}|$., 16 pages, 10 figures

Ophioderma hendleri sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3455BEAC-DF5D-460A-89A8-A70B9A080BB4 Figs 1���4, 5 A���D; Table 1 Ophioderma sp. ��� Granja-Fern��ndez et al. 2014: 135���137, fig. 7A���F; 2015a: 41���42; 2017: 172���175. Diagnosis Radial shields covered by granulation. Adoral shields naked, as long as broad. Up to 11 arm spines, dorsalmost the shortest and blunt, ventralmost the largest and robust. In vivo coloration, disc dark brown and mottled with small white spots, ventral margin beige and brown; arms dark brown with transverse white bands. Etymology This species is named after Dr. Gordon Hendler, an eminent ophiuroid taxonomist, curator of echinoderms at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Material examined Holotype MEXICO ��� 1 spec.; Chipehua, Oaxaca, 16��1��49.90˝ N, 95��21��33.70˝ W; 21 m; 5 Nov. 2011; R. Granja leg.; under rocks; ICML-UNAM 18315. Paratypes COSTA RICA ��� 6 specs; Coco Island; 19���28 Feb. 1994; Gordon Hendler leg.; MZUCR-ECH 321. MEXICO ��� 2 specs; Zacatoso, Ixtapa, Guerrero; 17��39��15.00˝ N, 101��37��19.00˝ W; 9.1 m; 1 Jun. 2012; R. Granja leg.; under rocks; ICML-UNAM 10582 ��� 1 spec.; Chahu��, Oaxaca; 15��45��02.90˝ N, 96��07��23.43˝ W; 6.5 m; 14 Jan. 2017; R. Granja leg.; under rocks, 27��C; ICML-UNAM 18316 ��� 2 specs; Tijera, Oaxaca; 15��41��15.12˝ N, 96��26��31.47˝ W; 9 m; 29 Jan. 2016; D. Rangel and R. Granja leg.; under rocks, 27��C; ICML-UNAM 18317 ��� 1 spec.; Frente a Llano Grande, Oaxaca; 16��14��30.26˝ N, 98��27��04.64˝ W; 20 m; 1 Feb. 2016; Rebeca Granja leg.; sediment under rocks, 27��C; ICML-UNAM 18318 ��� 1 spec.; La Jeringa, Cacaluta Island, Oaxaca; 15��43��10.92˝ N, 96��09��39.91˝ W; 9���14 m; 26 Jan. 2016; D.Rangel and R. Granja leg.; sediment under rocks; ICML-UNAM 18319 ��� 2 specs; Punta Lobos, Esp��ritu Santo Island, Gulf of California; 24��28��29.06˝ N, 110��17��20.65˝ W; 15���17 m; 28 Oct. 2016; R. Granja leg.; under rocks, 28��C; ICML-UNAM 18320 ��� 3 specs; San Diego Norte, Gulf of California; 25��12��15.48˝ N, 110��41��41.64˝ W; 13 m; 29 Oct. 2016; R. Granja leg.; under rocks, 29��C; ICML- UNAM 18321 ��� 1 spec.; San Mateo Norte, Gulf of California; 25��22��43.54˝ N, 110��59��34.26˝ W; 12 m; 31 Oct. 2016; R. Granja leg.; under rocks, 29��C; ICML-UNAM 18322 ��� 10 specs; Isla San Diego, Gulf of California; 25��12��12.78˝ N, 110��41��40.14˝ W; 10���11 m; 31 Aug. 2008; F. Sol��s and Sol��s-Wolfowitz leg.; under rocks; ICML-UNAM 18323 ��� 5 specs; El Peruano, Guaymas, Sonora, Gulf of California; 27��54��30.06˝ N, 110��58��10.68˝ W; 12 m; 12 Aug. 2011; C. S��nchez leg.; under rocks, ICML-UNAM 18324 ��� 1 spec.; La Lobera, Bah��a de La Paz, Gulf of California; 24��36��56.39˝ N, 110��24��00.57˝ W; 7 m; 2 Mar. 2010; F. Sol��s leg.; under rocks, ICML-UNAM 18325 ��� 1 spec.; Isla Larga (estaci��n Este), Marietas Islands; 20��41��08.00˝ N, 105��34��00.00˝ W; 9 m; 22 Mar. 1996; F. Sol��s and C. Nepote leg.; under rocks; ICML-UNAM 18326 ��� 1 spec.; Los Islotes, Bah��a de La Paz, Gulf of California; 24��35��00.00˝ N, 110��25��00.00˝ W; 18.3 m; 28 Apr. 1997; H. Cort��s leg.; sediment under rocks; ICML-UNAM 18327. PANAMA ��� 2 specs; Panama; 24 Jun.���23 Jul. 1872; Hassler expedition leg.; MCZ OPH-116. Other material See: Supplementary material. Holotype description DD = 14.8 mm; 5 arms, AL = 69.1 mm. Disc flat, nearly circular. Dorsal disc densely covered by rounded, small granules, slightly separated from each other; granule density 113 mm-2. Granules at periphery of disc and on base of arms slightly larger than on central part of disc. Radial shields covered by granules (Fig. 1A). Interradii covered with granulation, similar to periphery and base of arms (Fig. 1B). Four genital slits in each interradius (Fig. 1B); proximal genital slits oval, in contact with distal part of oral shield and with 1 st LAP; distal genital slits rounded, elongated, placed between 5 th and 6 th arm segment and close to margin of disc, surrounded by granulation and numerous, elongated and imbricated scales next to side of lateral arm plates (Fig. 1B). Oral shields slightly broader than long, rounded triangular, with convex obtuse proximal angle, straight to convex distal edge, obtuse lateral angles. Madreporite with central, circular, shallow depression, located in distal part of oral shield. Adoral shields naked, as long as broad, triangular and completely separated from each other. Jaws bear 8���9 oral papillae on each side: LyOs small, 2 �� as long as broad, angled upwards; AdShSp largest, rounded; 2��AdShSp elongated and narrow; LOPas 4���5 conical and pointed, slightly separated; IPa reduced, elongated and pointed; TPa pair at apex of jaw, elongated, robust and pointed, slightly separated. vT similar in shape and slightly larger than TPa. Four teeth: ventralmost broader than long, quadrangular but with rounded borders; dorsalmost pointed, slender and smallest. One OPRSp, large and pointed at each side, visible within buccal cavity. Granules covering oral plates and below adoral shields larger than those on dorsal disc and interradii (Fig. 1 C���D). Dorsal base of arms covered by granules and with approximately 11 oval scales, located laterally at first 3 dorsal arm plates (Fig. 1E). Dorsal arm plates 3 �� broader than long, rectangular, overlapping; proximal edge straight, distal edge slightly concave with rounded lateral edges (Fig. 1F). Distalmost dorsal arm plates smaller, longer than broad, triangular. First ventral arm plate small, broader than long, with rounded edges; in contact with adoral shields. Second ventral arm plate quadrangular, as broad as long (Fig. 1C). Next ventral arm plates slightly longer than broad, quadrangular; proximal margin truncate and distal edge convex (Fig. 1G). Distalmost ventral arm plates wider distally, with a tapering proximal angle. Paired rounded depressions between most proximal ventral arm plates (Fig. 1B). LAPs conspicuous, semicircular, broader than long (Fig. 1H). LAP with up to 11 arm spines. First and 2 nd LAP with 3 arm spines; 3 rd with 4 arm spines; 4 th with 5; 5 th with 6; 6 th with 7; 7 th with 8; 8 th with 9; 9 th��� 30 th arm plates with 10���11 arm spines; 35 th with 9 spines; 40 th��� 50 th with 8; 60 th with 7; 70 th with 6; 75 th with 5; 80 th with 4;>80 th with 3 arm spines. Arm spines with blunt tip; length approximately �� of LAP. Dorsalmost arm spine shortest, blunt; ventralmost arm spine longest and more robust, as long as 1 arm segment, almost in contact with tentacle scale of succeeding joint (Fig. 1H). Two tentacle scales; adradial tentacle scale ovoid, approximately ���� length of ventral arm plate; abradial tentacle scale slightly shorter, subtriangular (Fig. 1G). General coloration dark brown (dry specimen) (Fig. 1I). Dorsal side: disc dark brown and mottled with small white spots; middle of margin on each interradius of disc bearing white spot (Fig. 1A); arms dark brown with small black spots only observed microscopically and with every 5���6 arm plates with transverse white bands, located between distal part of ventral plate and proximal part of next arm plate (Fig. 1F, I). Ventral side: interradii, center and proximal part beige, margin dark brown with some beige marks (Fig. 1B). Jaw beige but oral shields can display brown color (Fig. 1C). Ventral arm plates beige, but that on tip of arms dark brown with some beige transversal lines (Fig. 1G). LAPs dark brown with some beige marks; arm spines dark brown and generally beige color on base and tip (Fig. 1H). Disarticulated ossicles Specimen analyzed: 1 spec., paratype ICML-UNAM 18323 (DD = 15 mm, AL = 80.8 mm). Radial shield (external view) irregularly triangular, with convex proximal margin, incised abradial edge with projection, convex to straight distal edge and irregular adradial edge, series of 8 pores on median to proximal margin (which are covered/overlapped by disc scales and granules in intact animal) (Fig. 2 A��� B), most proximal ones deepest. Center of distal portion of radial shield covered in intact animal. Outer surface of stereom is open mesh of pores and small knobs (Fig. 2C). Dorsal arm plate slightly arched and somewhat rectangular, 3�� as wide as long; proximal margin convex and distal margin straight, 1 spur on proximal portion of external surface (Fig. 2D). Ventral arm plate as long as wide, quadrangular with proximal side truncated and pointed spur, lateral sides concave forming border of tentacle pore (Fig. 2E). LAP D-shaped, 2�� as high as wide, with 8 spine articulations sunken in notches of distal edge (Fig. 2 F���G). Ventral portion of LAP projecting ventro-proximalwards and ventro-distal tip projecting ventralwards (Fig 2F). Ventro-proximal margin with condyle (Fig. 2F). Proximal edge of LAP with 2 prominent and elongated spurs, protruding and modifying central-proximal edge (Fig. 2F), between spurs and across remaining proximal margin discernible band of different stereom structure (Fig. 2F). Outer surface finely meshed with relatively large polygonal knobs (Fig. 2I). Inner surface of LAP with continuous ridge on proximal edge, and at ventro-distal margin 2 spurs matching those on external surface (Fig. 2H), and 3 pores just below center. Spine articulations ventralwards increasing in size (Fig. 2G). Lobes with weak sigmoidal fold, tilted, curved, slightly joined on proximal margin by 3 or 4 knobs; ventral lobe smaller than dorsal lobe (Fig. 2J). Proximal vertebrae almost round, as wide as long, with large aboral muscle flange and smaller oral muscle flange (Fig. 2L). Distal face of vertebrae with large muscle flanges, with typical zygospondylous articulation (Fig. 2K). Tentacle scale longer than wide, with scale-like surface (Fig. 2M). Spines with scale-like surface and blunt tip (Fig. 2N). Dental plate consists of several pieces, 1 st piece bears 2 TPas on small round socket and 1 wide tooth socket, while rest of pieces with single tooth socket per piece (4 in total), none of sockets penetrate plate (Fig. 2O). Oral plates as long as high, abradial face with muscle fossa highly triangular, almost covering whole surface (Fig. 2P), adradial face in middle part with foot basin (Fig. 2Q). Paratype variations Large specimens showed some differences in morphology compared to small ones (Figs 1, 3���4). Large individuals have granules and scales on the base of the arms (Fig. 1E), but in the smallest specimens (DD = ~ 2���4 mm) the scales are covered by granules (Fig. 4B). The scales begin to appear as the animal grows; therefore, in specimens with DD = 4���6 mm there are up to 3 elongated scales to either side of the base of the arms (Fig. 3B), and with a DD = 7 mm there are up to six scales; the number of scales in larger specimens reaches 11 (Fig. 1E). Additionally, large individuals have numerous scales located on the distalmost part of the interradii (Fig. 1B) but in the smallest specimens (DD = 3���6 mm) these scales are not evident, and instead, only granules are present (Figs 3 F���G, 4F���G). In specimens larger than DD = 7 mm, a row of elongated scales in the distal genital slits is evident. Finally, in the smallest specimens the adoral shields are completely covered by granules, which disappear as the animal grows, and individuals with DD = 5 mm tend to have totally or partially covered adoral shields. Some specimens can have beige specks on the LAPs, the arm spines and the tentacle scales. Moreover, some specimens from the Gulf of California (Mexico) have a large white spot in the center of the dorsal disc. It is important to note that in vivo coloration (Fig. 5 A���D), generally conserved in all preserved specimens (Figs 1, 3���4), can be used as a distinctive character in the field. Habitat and distribution Widely distributed in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Ophioderma hendleri sp. nov. has been collected in the Mexican Pacific from the Gulf of California (in the States of Sonora and Baja California Sur), Jalisco, Michoac��n, Guerrero and Oaxaca as well as in Revillagigedo, Mar��as and Marietas Islands. In Costa Rica it has been collected from Murci��lago, Ca��o, and Cocos Islands; in Panama from Pearl Islands; and finally, in Colombia from the localities La Parguera and La Ro��osa Rock (see: Supplementary material). The northernmost locality of its distribution is off San Francisquito Bay (Gulf of California, Mexico; 28�� N) and the southernmost point is La Ro��osa Rock, Colombia (3�� N). Due to its distribution, O. hendleri sp. nov. can be considered as a species with a Panamic affinity, suggesting that, similar to other ophiuroids (e.g., Ophiocoma aethiops L��tken, 1859 and Ophiocomella alexandri (Lyman, 1860)), its distribution may extend to northern Peru, where a transitional zone between the Panamic and the Peruvian Provinces is located (Granja-Fern��ndez & Hooker 2020), but more sampling effort is needed to confirm its presence or absence in this area. The species inhabits depths between 0.40��� 37 m. Ophioderma hendleri sp. nov. is mostly collected under rocks, burrowed in the sediment and it is common to find it associated with coral and rocky reefs (Granja-Fern��ndez et al. 2014). Remarks Ophioderma hendleri sp. nov. is one the most widely distributed ophiodermatids in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and it is of interest to note that although it has been collected since 1936, it has been misidentified in all the reviewed collections as O. variegatum or O. panamense (see Discussion). In previous works, Granja-Fern��ndez et al. (2014, 2015a, 2017) mentioned the presence of Ophioderma sp. 1, which actually corresponds to O. hendleri sp. nov.; therefore, these records are considered to be this species. In our revision of the specimens, we did not observe any differences in the morphological characters from different geographical areas, suggesting that intraspecific variation in O. hendleri sp. nov. is not related to its distribution. On the other hand, it is very notable that this species in most cases presents the same color pattern (dorsal side dark brown, ventral side beige and arms with transversal lines; Figs 1, 3���5), with some exceptions (see Paratype variations). This is in contrast to other Ophioderma species such as O. panamense or O. variegatum, which can display a great variety of colors (green, yellow, pink, etc.; Nielsen 1932; Ziesenhenne 1955). This species is commonly found at the same localities as O. panamense and other ophiuroids such as Ophiactis simplex (Le Conte, 1851), Ophiactis savignyi (M��ller & Troshel, 1842), Ophiocoma aethiops, Ophiocomella alexandri, Ophionereis annulata (Le Conte, 1851), Ophiothela mirabilis Verrill, 1867 and Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) spiculata Le Conte, 1851. It is one of the most conspicuous Ophioderma species of the Eastern Tropical Pacific and it is always hiding under small and medium-sized rocks and in sediment of median size of rocky and coral reefs (Fig. 5 A���B). Its abundance has not been quantified, but using scuba diving, in an hour of sampling effort of all the species of ophiuroids at one locality, a total of 5��� 6 specimens were found, a smaller number compared to O. panamense (8��� 12 specimens). It tends to be gregarious, and it is very common to find at least two specimens occupying the same space. Field notes denote that O. hendleri sp. nov. has been found in waters with a bottom temperature of 27���29��C., Published as part of Granja-Fern��ndez, Rebeca, Pineda-Enr��quez, Tania, Sol��s-Mar��n, Francisco Alonso & Laguarda-Figueras, Alfredo, 2020, Ophioderma hendleri sp. nov. (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiodermatidae) and its congeners from the Eastern Pacific, pp. 11-41 in European Journal of Taxonomy 729 on pages 14-23, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.729.1187, http://zenodo.org/record/4326611, {"references":["Granja-Fernandez R., Herrero-Perezrul M. D., Lopez-Perez R. A., Hernandez L., Rodriguez-Zaragoza F. A., Jones R. W. & Pineda-Lopez R. 2014. Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific. Zookeys 406: 101 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 406.6306","Hendler G. 2018. Armed to the teeth: a new paradigm for the buccal skeleton of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Contributions in Science 526: 189 - 311.","Lutken C. F. 1859. Additamenta ad Historiam Ophiuridarum. Beskrivelser af de fra Vestindien og Central Amerikas Vestkyst hidtil beckjendte Slangestjerner. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter 2: 75 - 169.","Lyman T. 1860. Descriptions of new Ophiuridae, belonging to the Smithsonian Institution and to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 7: 193 - 204, 252 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4822","Granja-Fernandez R. & Hooker Y. 2020. Revisiting the diversity and distribution of the ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Peru. Zootaxa 4766 (4): 539 - 556. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.4.2","Granja-Fernandez R., Herrero-Perezrul M. D., Lopez-Perez A., Hernandez-Morales A. & Rangel-Solis P. D. 2015 a. A literature review of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Pacific coast of Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 63 (2): 37 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / RBT. V 63 I 2.23127","Granja-Fernandez R., Rodriguez-Troncoso A. P., Herrero-Perezrul M. D., Sotelo-Casas R. C., Flores- Ortega J. R., Godinez-Dominguez E., Salazar-Silva P., Alarcon-Ortega L. C., Cazares-Salazar A. & Cupul-Magana A. L. 2017. Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Central Mexican Pacific: an updated checklist including new distribution records. Marine Biodiversity 47: 167 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 016 - 0459 - 4","Nielsen E. 1932. Ophiurans from the Gulf of Panama, California and the Strait of Georgia. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening 91: 241 - 346.","Ziesenhenne F. C. 1955. A review of the genus Ophioderma Muller and Troschel. In: Allan Hancock Foundation for Scientific Research (eds) Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock: 185 - 201. University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles.","Verrill A. E. 1867. V. Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. No. 2. Notes on the echinoderms of Panama and West Coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 1 (2): 251 - 322."]}