Search

An integral step in kefir production technology is the use of kefir grains, but in some cases it is necessary to maintain their population at the plant. A convenient method is freezing, but with direct freezing, kefir grains lose activity and some microorganisms die off. The use of substances with cryoprotective properties can help preserve kefir grains under direct freezing conditions. The study has examined three environments that have the potential to protect the symbiosis of kefir grains under subcryoscopic conditions: skim sterile milk, gelatin and a sterile solution of 30 % sucrose, and one environment that is stressful – sterile distilled water. At previous stages of research, it was proven that sharp defrosting aggravates the stress phenomena of the bacterial community, in particular, promotes the death of surface lactococci which leads to dysbacteriosis of the symbiosis. The work used for the first time a periodic scheme for defrosting kefir grains in a protective environment; the methods of visual and organoleptic assessment have been applied, the studies of microbiological and physico-chemical parameters of milk after fermentation of kefir starter with kefir grains have been conducted. Milk changes have been carried out using the technology of cultivating kefir grains with daily passages. It is accepted that if based on a set of indicators kefir grains from the experimental groups within 7 days correlate with the indicators detected for the control group, which was not subjected to freezing, then it is accepted that the kefir grains have completely restored viability. If this does not happen, a conclusion is drawn that the symbiosis has not been restored. As a result of the research, the prospects for using the studied substances as protective media have been proven and the need to construct specialized cryoprotective media for direct freezing of kefir grains in order to create your own kefir culture banks has been substantiated. The approach will reduce the use of bacterial substitutes for kefir like direct fermentation starters.

This paper explores hybrid texts as a special type of text that forms within ‘inter-discourse interaction’ and relates to the ‘convergence of discourses’. The analysis focuses on the interaction between avant-garde art and political discourses, which have been in close contact since the 20th century and have common typological features. The main methods used in this study are the linguistic pragmatic method, the linguistic poetic method, and discourse analysis. The article proposes a definition of hybridization and hybrid texts while distinguish­ing between the linguistic, genre, multimodal, and multimedia types of hybridization. Special cases of language hybrids are onomatopoeic hybrids, which are based on the sounds of hostili­ties; hybrid words formed with a hyphen or a connecting vowel; bifocal semantic hybrids; and hybrid syntactic constructions. Genre hybridization occurs in avant-garde art and poetic manifestos, decrees, and declarations. Multimodal hybrids include artistic-political texts in which a combination of codes (verbal, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, etc.) co-exists with a com­bination of various types of discourse. At the same time, each of the elements of a multimodal hybrid message refers simultaneously to both artistic and political reality. The multimedia type of hybridization includes texts that use innovative technologies and new media channels while combining several information transfer channels. This way, a new system of relation­ships is built and the possibility arises to create a new ‘total work of art’.

The concentrations of PM2.5 in the surface atmosphere over the territory of the city and over the water area of the Yenisei River are accessed and compared. It is shown that pollution over the river is lower than over the territory of the city for periods from several days to two years, with rare exceptions. This pattern persists during periods of unfavorable meteorological conditions and during pollution of the urban atmosphere by the smoke of forest fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]