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Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the leading monogenic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, is caused by expansion of a CGG trinucleotide repeat in the 5'-UTR of the Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 (FMR1) gene. Epigenetic silencing of FMR1 results in loss of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). Although most studies to date have focused on excitatory neurons, recent evidence suggests that GABAergic inhibitory networks are also affected. To investigate human GABAergic neurogenesis, we established a method to reproducibly derive inhibitory neurons from multiple FXS and control human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines. Electrophysiological analyses suggested that the developing FXS neurons had a delay in the GABA functional switch, a transition in fetal development that converts the GABAA channel's function from depolarization to hyperpolarization, with profound effects on the developing brain. To investigate the cause of this delay, we analyzed 14 400 single-cell transcriptomes from FXS and control cells at 2 stages of GABAergic neurogenesis. While control and FXS cells were similar at the earlier time point, the later-stage FXS cells retained expression of neuroblast proliferation-associated genes and had lower levels of genes associated with action potential regulation, synapses, and mitochondria compared with controls. Our analysis suggests that loss of FMRP prolongs the proliferative stage of progenitors, which may result in more neurons remaining immature during the later stages of neurogenesis. This could have profound implications for homeostatic excitatory-inhibitory circuit development in FXS, and suggests a novel direction for understanding disease mechanisms that may help to guide therapeutic interventions.

The purpose of the article is to present the experience of foreign countries using the example of corporate cataloging in the organizational model of unifying libraries in the common library and information system COBISS and to analyze the characteristics and trends of the development of the corporate electronic catalog of this region. The methodological base of the research is based on the application of a complex of general scientific methods, including analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, and generalization. Scientific novelty. The organizational and functional aspects of corporate cataloging in the region of the Western Balkans, which were practically not covered in the Ukrainian librarianship literature, were considered and analyzed. Conclusions.The COBISS library and information system made it possible to unify the libraries of neighboring countries through the management of corporate cataloging, ordering and maintenance of common databases, and the use of a single toolkit in user service. After joining corporate cataloging, 25% of new records are created by library specialists when working with local electronic catalogs of individual libraries, and 75% of records arecopied, which indicates the efficiency of the system, significant saving of time and financial resources. Catalogers and scientists pay considerable attention to quality control of entered bibliographic records. Acquaintance with experience in the field of corporate cataloging of other countries can be useful when developing the concept and implementation of these processes in the network of Ukrainian libraries.

The relevance of the research undertaken in this article is determined by the fact that recently the concept of sustainable development has changed significantly, and from an auxiliary element ensuring the implementation of production processes, it has become a powerful tool for organizing and conducting production activities in agriculture. Grain production management, based on the use of the concept of sustainable development, is the most important direction for optimizing the production system in any developed country. The presented article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the organization and management of agricultural production in the transition to sustainable development. The necessity of using the concept of sustainable development as a basic condition for the successful development of environmentally friendly agricultural production is substantiated. The perspective directions of interaction of participants in the agricultural production system during the transition to sustainable development are considered. A system of measures adapted to the conditions of environmental management is proposed, contributing to the successful functioning of agricultural production, taking into account the basic principles of sustainable development.

The presented paper investigates the application of HEC-RAS software for modelling of urban area waterlogging by surface rainfall runoff on the Black Sea coast of Russia. The authors assess the risk of emergencies caused by rainfall of different intensities. Using a digital elevation model and an orthophotoplane obtained by airborne laser scanning and aerial photography, the territory and surface types are analyzed. The results of the study identify sensitive areas and consider the feasibility of constructing barrier structures to manage surface runoff. Data on the capacity of the existing pipe and its effect on runoff accumulation are analyzed. The study is of practical relevance for risk assessment and emergency prevention measures related to surface runoff in urban environments on the Black Sea coast.

In the article, the problem of correspondence of educational standards of higher pedagogical education and teacher professional standards in Russia is actualized. Modern understanding of the quality of vocational education suggests that in the process of education the student develops a set of competencies that will enable him or her to carry out successfully professional activities. As a part of the study of correspondence of educational and professional standards through questionnaires, the representation of employers (heads of educational institutions) about the preparedness of young teachers to the professional activity was studied. The paper presents the analysis of the results of empirical research conducted in two regions of Russia, the problem areas of teacher training are identified, which include deficits in the subject training, in skills of building interaction with the participants in the educational process, deficiencies in required professional motivation and general culture, in communication and IT skills, social infantilism.

Purpose of the study is to characterize the library funds and electronic resources of the VNLU, to consider the main provisions of the regulatory documents governing the activities of the library on the formation, management and preservation of the national information resource. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach, methods of structural-functional and comparative analysis, synthesis. Scientific novelty. The article introduces the new regulatory documents governing the work with library collections. These are national standards DSTU ISO 11799: 2018 (ISO 11799: 2015, IDT) "Requirements for the storage of archival and library materials" and DSTU ISO / TR 19814: 2018 (ISO / TR 19814: 2017, IDT) "Management of archives and libraries". These documents came into force on 01.01.2019, they were accepted by the confirmation method in English. DSTU ISO / TR 19814: 2018 (ISO / TR 19814: 2017, IDT) "Management of archives and libraries" contains guidelines and recommendations for planning, ensuring, improving the storage processes of archival and library holdings (collections); the procedure for managing collections in book depositories, reading rooms, restoration workshops, during exhibiting, and transporting documents. DSTU ISO 11799: 2018 (ISO 11799: 2015, IDT) "Information and documentation. Requirements for the storage of archival and library materials" defines the characteristics of repositories that must be maintained in libraries and archival institutions for guaranteed longterm storage of funds on various types of information carriers. Conclusions. The activity on the formation, management and preservation of the national information resource requires reliable regulatory and methodological support, the introduction into practice of new national standards of the «Information and Documentation» series, regulating activities in this direction. An important component is informing specialists about new regulatory documents in this area. Despite all the progressive adoption of these documents in Ukraine, the authors focus on the fact that difficulties for library staffarise both as through the language barrier and the ambiguity in the interpretation of terminology when working with the above national standards, harmonized with international ISO standards.

The prevalence of an innovative type of development based on environmental component is confirmed by the presence in the Strategy and Concept of Sustainable Development of Russia, the Concept of Sustainable Development of Rural Areas, the National Assessment of the progress of the Russian Federation in the transition to sustainable development. However, in Russia there is a lack of sufficient understanding of the role of innovation in solving environmental problems, and the system of innovation policy measures noticeably lags behind developed countries, and even some developing countries. Currently, the situation with solving environmental problems based on an innovative approach in Russia remains extremely acute. The modern innovative orientation of the world development makes it necessary to revise the content of the strategy in Russia in order not to lose its place in the world and take a more significant position there. Intensive development of grain production in the first half of the twentieth century became an objective condition for the transition of most grain-producing countries to innovative and progressive management schemes. The formed vector of ecological production based on an innovative approach in the organization of grain farming has provided significant results.

The study provides nomenclatural history, morphological characteristics and taxonomy of Cocconeis baicalensis and C. skvortzowii described by B.V. Skvortzov from Lake Baikal. The lecto- and epitypification of the names are made, based on the K.I. Meyer and A.P. Skabichevsky materials, ensuring compliance with current nomenclatural standards. The morphological traits of these species were thoroughly examined using light microscopy (LM) nd scanning electron microscopy (SEM), leading to refined diagnoses and the clarification of previously confused synonymy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the experience of informing about current standards in librarianship in Ukraine. This work is carried out by Ivan Fedorov Book Chamber of Ukraine, The State Scientific and Technical Library of Ukraine, Yaroslav Mudryi National Library of Ukraine, VI Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, the Maksymovych Scientific Library of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, which regularly prepare lists of existing standards in librarianship, information and archival affairs, publishing. The analysis showed that each of these lists has its own peculiarities, all of them differ in their content, the method of grouping standards, the completeness of providing information about documents, and design. In 2019, these materials were supplemented by the annotated bibliographic index «Standards for Librarianship and Related Sectors», compiled as part of scientific work by the V. I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine Institute of Library Science. An annotated bibliographic index was prepared for methodological assistance in working with normative documents and can be useful to a scientist and a professional in library, archival, and publishing. The publication contains a description of state and interstate standards in force in Ukraine as of November 1, 2019. The preparation of the index was carried out in order to inform librarians about current standards, as well as provide information on the availability of these publications in the VNLU funds for their effective use in practice and study. The index consists of 4 sections. The index includes more than 30 new national standards, which were prepared on the basis of the International Organization for Standardization international standards and began to operate in Ukraine from the beginning of 2019.

Under microwave (MW) irradiation at 150 °C in toluene and in the presence of nucleophiles (DMAP, triphenylphosphine and tetrahydrothiophene) 1‐substituted 1‐ethynyl‐2‐vinyldi‐ and tetrahydroisoquinolines undergo [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement providing pyrrolo[2,1‐b][3]benzazepines in good yields. The replacement of toluene with acetonitrile directs the rearrangement towards the formation of 7,11b‐dihydro‐6H‐pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinolines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of methods for protecting the structures of external walls from corrosion under the influence of the aggressive production environment is an urgent task. The author has developed lightweight polymer silicate shungizite concrete (LPSC) for external walls of buildings with acidic humid gas environments. Exterior wall structures made of this material do not need to be protected by paint and varnish coatings. The properties of LPSC were investigated. The research results showed that the proposed material in its physical and mechanical properties meets the requirements for the material of outer walls. The material has been found to be highly corrosion resistant. Previously, the author presented the results of research of thermal conductivity of LPSC for exterior walls in laboratory conditions. The results of study of temperature and humidity conditions of the wall fragment of the proposed material in natural conditions are given in this article. The studies carried out confirmed the possibility of using the material proposed by the author for the outer walls of buildings with acidic humid-gas production environments.

The article deals with the problem of sustainable concept development of the regional agro-industrial complex (AGC). A reasonable and objective approach to this problem using the knowledge of regularities of socio-ecological-economic systems development and the study of divergent environmental factors and internal environment enables developing effective management decisions of strategic and tactical nature of the selection tools sustainable agriculture development. The formal presentation of the agro-industrial complex's main stability characteristics allows providing a comprehensive assessment of its condition to justify a particular structural model of the sustainable development strategy of AGC with changes in the level of exposure to environmental parameters.

The article presents the results of empirical research on perception of teachers from military engineering university about the features of didactic testing and on methodologies of diagnostics used by experienced and young teachers. It also presents the results of the survey on students’ learning motivation according to the achievement goal theory. Students have been identified as being oriented towards mastery goal, and concentrate on getting new knowledge and skills that lead to professional and personal growth. It has been proved possible to develop methods for determining the effectiveness of pedagogical action and communicative interaction between the teacher and the student using didactical criterion- oriented testing. One of the goals is to assess teacher’s performance as a factor influencing students’ cognitive activity, their results and motivation. The method of formalization by mathematical means of the modeling process and representation of criterion-oriented testing results as a communicative task of interaction between the teacher and the student is described. Prospects for use of theoretical bases, ideas and methods of educational evaluation in criterion-oriented testing and in verifying teachers’ achievements are discussed.