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This systematic review synthesizes research on school-based crisis intervention protocols, descriptions, and evaluations. We performed a comprehensive literature search, and 60 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. We found an overwhelming lack of evaluation studies (n = 3), suggesting that interventions are being administered post-crises without evaluation. The most frequently named crisis intervention model was the Prevent/Prepare, Reaffirm, Evaluate, Provide and Respond, and Examine (PREPaRE) model (n = 6). All evaluation studies in the sample were observational, and most adopted qualitative methods of evaluation. Future studies are needed to evaluate crisis interventions to measure the fidelity, reliability, and effectiveness of such interventions.

Author(s): Rebeccah L. Sokol [sup.1] , Lea Marineau [sup.2] , Marc A. Zimmerman [sup.3] [sup.4] [sup.5] , Laney A. Rupp [sup.3] [sup.5] , Rebecca M. Cunningham [sup.3] [sup.4] [sup.6] , [...], The objective of this study was to assess parents' firearm storage behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and characterize reasons why some parents made their firearms more accessible during this time. In June-July 2020, the study team conducted the FACTS National Survey-a cross-sectional, web-based, survey of 2,924 parents and their teens (ages14-18) regarding firearm-related practices. We weighted descriptive analyses to be nationally representative of parents of teens in the United States. We utilized qualitative thematic analysis to identify parents' reasons for making firearms more accessible. Five percent of firearm-owning parents of teens reported making their firearms more accessible during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reasons why parents increased the ease of firearm access included: (1) Increased civil unrest and riots; (2) Threat of home invasion and/or crime victimization; (3) Fear of panic and the unknown; and (4) Easier access and greater protection, threat unspecified. Some parents-largely motivated by fear-chose to store firearms in a more accessible manner during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to protect their family against possible external threats. Understanding the fear that motivates parents' decisions regarding storage practices might aid interventions focused on harm reduction and safer storage.

Author(s): Rebeccah L. Sokol [sup.1] , Marc A. Zimmerman [sup.2] [sup.3] , Laney Rupp [sup.2] [sup.3] , Justin E. Heinze [sup.2] , Rebecca M. Cunningham [sup.3] [sup.4] , Patrick M. [...], To describe and identify the correlates of firearm purchasing at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among US families with teenagers. In June-July 2020, we conducted a national survey of 2924 parents and their teenagers in the US. We report results from this survey to describe firearm purchasing behaviors following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate correlates of purchasing. Between the beginning of the pandemic and July 2020, 10% of households with teenagers purchased a firearm, and 3% became first-time firearm-owning households. Among firearm-owning households, firearm storage was associated with purchasing such that households that stored at least one firearm loaded and unlocked were more likely to purchase a firearm (OR: 2.02[1.07-3.79]) compared to households that stored all firearms unloaded and/or locked. Firearms purchased at the beginning of the pandemic were more likely to go to homes where at least one firearm was stored loaded and unlocked, which may contribute to increased risk for teen firearm injury and death.

The reduction in motor vehicle crash deaths is often used as an example that public health interventions can also prevent firearm-related deaths. The authors of this commentary note that while motor vehicles are not intended to produce injury, injury is the intended purpose of firearms and discuss how this difference presents a challenge to a public health approach to reduce firearm-related deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study described the complexity of service need co-occurrence among foster care-involved families and identified prevalent patterns of needs to inform future evidence-based service planning research. We utilized state administrative child maltreatment records, and restricted data to cases where the child entered foster care in 2019 and the caseworker indicated the presence of at least one need from the Family Assessment of Needs and Strengths (FANS; n = 1631). We extracted all unique combinations of needs (i.e., needs profiles), and we used association rule mining to identify patterns within these profiles. A total of 780 unique needs profiles emerged among the 1631 cases, which we condensed into 78 patterns. Although the variability and complexity of needs profiles makes evidence-based service planning difficult, the present analysis mapped prevalent needs patterns to guide future research intended to assist caseworkers in this task. Identification of maltreatment determinants among families involved in foster care, and future research into the needs within different needs patterns that might undermine treatment effectiveness, may result in a better balance between parsimonious service plans and a full consideration of co-occurring service needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]