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Abdominal and pelvic abscesses can occur as a consequence of surgery and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is well accepted that the primary treatment is antibiotic therapy and minimally invasive drainage. Surgical measures are typically reserved for patients with luminal perforations or those who do not respond to conservative measures. Previously available modalities of drainage involved percutaneous and computed tomography guided access. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound guided aspiration has emerged as a safe alternative for management of intra-abdominal abscesses. Since its first application for peripancreatic drainage, endoscopic ultrasound techniques and technologies have significantly evolved. Endoscopic ultrasound interventions can now be performed quickly, safely and precisely, even outside of the operating room. Multiple reports and case series demonstrate the utility for endoscopic ultrasound guided drainage of fluid collections, providing they are in close proximity to the intestinal lumen. As a result, extension of this approach’s indications has been considered. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage and stenting is an emerging approach which provides an accurate, efficient and safe alternative for the management of intra-abdominal collections. Furthermore, endoscopic ultrasound techniques may allow access to areas that are inaccessible or technically challenging with computed tomography guided or surgical approaches as illustrated in our case. Additionally, the internal nature of the access point may offer patients a more comfortable experience; and can facilitate preservation of enteral feeding routes or intestinal transit. This case demonstrated the clinical complexity that often characterizes the management of post surgical complications, particularly inflammatory collections. It further delineates the utility of Endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration techniques in the treatment of pelvic abscesses, even as a salvage therapy, where other approaches fail. EUS guided drainage should strongly be considered at multiple tiers of all treatment algorithms as a viable, and in some instances preferable therapeutic modality for patients presenting with intra-abdominal collections.

Orbital cavernous haemangiomas are most frequent intra-conal, intra-orbital primary tumor in adults. They represent 4% of all orbit tumors and 9-13% of all intracranial cavernous haemangiomas. Forty-two-year-old female came with complaints of protrusion of right eye (RE) since 3 months associated with diminution of vision, headache, and eye ache. Absolute proptometry was 28 mm OD and 20 mm OS. 2 mm of the inferior scleral show was seen in RE. Axial computed tomography (CT) showed unilaterally, moderately enhancing, homogeneous, smooth-contoured mass. The patient underwent right lateral orbitotomy with mass excision under general anesthesia. The histopathological evaluation proved it to be a cavernous haemangioma. We report a case of intra-orbital, intra-conal cavernous hemangioma occurring in a 42-year-old female presenting with proptosis. The tumor was diagnosed on CT and was removed using lateral orbitotomy approach. Patient had significant improvement in symptoms with the mild deterioration of vision.

ABSTRACTThis study conducts a comprehensive numerical investigation into enhancing thermal transfer within square enclosures filled with water-based oxide nanoparticle suspensions, subjected to central sinusoidal heating. Further flow configuration, influenced by an inclined magnetic field, is designed with a focus on enhancing thermal efficiency for engineering applications. Key innovations include the application of sinusoidal heating elements to enhance thermal performance significantly. Computational analysis supported by finite element analysis, quantifies the impact of these parameters on flow dynamics and thermal transmission, presenting a substantial advance in the understanding of nanofluid-filled enclosure thermal management. The study reveals that the undulation of the heating element plays a crucial role in the heat transfer rate, with improvements observed as undulation increases. The introduction of magnetic fields further controls flow distribution and buoyancy effects, as demonstrated by our findings that an increase in the Rayleigh number correlates with enhanced convection, dominating the cavity's thermal dynamics. Additionally, the report outlines the conditions under which the Nusselt number increases, indicating enhanced thermal performance. These insights are pivotal for designing optimized heat transfer systems and energy-efficient applications, setting a new benchmark for thermal management strategies in practical engineering contexts.

The fundamental problem in electronic cooling systems is the implementation of a cavity such that it can be used to provide localized cooling to specific components, such as CPUs or GPUs, enhancing their performance and longevity. It can also be used in microfluidic devices for controlled drug delivery, where precise control of fluid flow is crucial. The present article numerically explores the free convection non-Newtonian Casson hybrid nanofluid phenomena that occur within an H-shaped cavity while heated from the middle. The heating efficiency and heat flow in a cavity are influenced by perpendicular hot walls that connect two vertical closed channels. A numerical solution is obtained by implementing the Galerkin finite element method to solve the partial differential equation. The numerical outcomes are depicted on the contour of streamlines and isotherms for different parameters in the following ranges: 0.1 ≤ η ≤ 0.4, 0.005≤ϕhp≤0.020, 0.1 ≤ γ ≤ 2, and 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106 at fixed Pr = 6.2. In addition, line graphs show rate of heat transfer within the enclosure using the average Nusselt number for these parameters. Increased aspect ratios (η = 0.4) result in a minimal rate of heat transfer enhancement, whereas decreasing η leads to a significantly higher average Nusselt number and maximum heat transfer within the cavity. The convective rate of heat transfer increases with the presence of hybrid nanoparticles inside an H-shaped cavity for all Rayleigh numbers. The rotation of the Casson hybrid nanofluid also rises as the volume ratio of nanoparticles increases. For a fixed aspect ratio (A.R) of 0.1, the heat dissipation is 6.91% at a lower ϕhp value of 0.005 at a fixed Ra value of 105. However, it increases to 7.072% for a higher ϕhp value of 0.02 at Ra = 105. With increasing Ra number, ϕhp, and γ, the number NuAve increases.

The present study communicates with the thermal analysis of an incompressible micropolar fluid by considering two different prescribed conditions corresponding to two different surfaces. On the porous surface of two different stretchable sheets, the unsteady flow problem of a micropolar fluid is explored by taking the variable impacts of the magnetic field. For both considered sheets, the prescribed thermal analysis is carried out with the contribution of joule heating, viscous dissipation, and radiation. Two prescribed cases of surface temperature and heat flux are discussed for linear stretched surface. Similarly, prescribed cases of exponential surface temperature and exponential heat flux are investigated for the case of an exponential stretchable surface. An effective technique of bvp4c in MATLAB is utilized to numerically tackle the governing equations of the problem. Both the distributions of temperature and velocity and the field of microrotation are graphically scrutinized relative to different geometries and several pertinent parameters. This study of thermal analysis with prescribed conditions elucidates that for an exponential surface, three distributions of flow phenomenon (temperature, microrotation, velocity) manifest more prominent results in comparison to the stretchable surface with linear velocity.

Abstract Peristaltic flow through an elliptic channel has vital significance in different scientific and engineering applications. The peristaltic flow of Carreau fluid through a duct with an elliptical cross-section is investigated in this work . The proposed problem is defined mathematically in Cartesian coordinates by incorporating no-slip boundary conditions. The mathematical equations are solved in their dimensionless form under the approximation of long wavelength. The solution of the momentum equation is obtained by applying perturbation technique ( $$W_e^2$$ W e 2 as perturbation parameter) along with a polynomial solution. We introduce a new polynomial of twenty degrees to solve the energy equation. The solutions of mathematical equations are investigated deeply through graphical analysis. It is noted that non-Newtonian effects are dominant along the minor axis. It is found that flow velocity is higher in the channels having a high elliptical cross-section. It is observed from the streamlines that the flow is smooth in the mid-region, but they transform into contours towards the peristaltic moving wall of the elliptic duct.

Abstract The fractional operator of Caputo-Fabrizio has significant advantages in various physical flow problems due to the implementations in manufacturing and engineering fields such as viscoelastic damping in polymer, image processing, wave propagation, and dielectric polymerization. The current study has the main objective of implementation of Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative on the flow phenomenon and heat transfer mechanism of trigonometric non-Newtonian fluid. The time-dependent flow mechanism is assumed to be developed through a vertical infinite plate. The thermal radiation’s effects are incorporated into the analysis of heat transfer. With the help of mathematical formulations, the physical flow system is expressed. The governing equations of the flow system acquire the dimensionless form through the involvement of the dimensionless variables. The application of Caputo-Fabrizio derivative is implemented to achieve the fractional model of the dimensionless system. An exact solution of the fractional-based dimensionless system of the equations is acquired through the technique of the Laplace transform. Physical interpretation of temperature and velocity distributions relative to the pertinent parameters is visualized via graphs. The current study concludes that the velocity distributions exhibit an accelerating nature corresponding to the increasing order of the fractional operator. Moreover, the graphical results are more significant corresponding to the greater time period.

Introduction: Flow dynamics due to the peristaltic pumping has been the topic of great interest for the researchers. But numerical and analytical analyses for the peristaltic motion are limited where flow domain is deformed real-time. Research on peristalsis has a limitation where theoretical aspects of walls motion are considered, neglecting the real time deformation of the walls.Objectives: This paper aims to propose a more reliable and accurate numerical methodology for peristaltic motions to address the above-mentioned challenge. Stream traces, velocities, and pressure drops along the tube is to be visualized more accurately.Methods: In present study a finite volume based dynamic mesh motion method is adopted to analyze the peristaltic motion of a non-Newtonian Quemada fluid in an axisymmetric channel. The walls and interior domain of the channel is dynamically deformed for a sinusoidal wave traveling on boundary.Results: Simulation of unsteady flow behavior for time t=0s to 2s and amplitude ratio Φ=0.2,0.4,and0.6. predicts fluid trapping phenomenon. Rotation of fluid particles is more prominent for higher amplitude ratios. Pressure gradient increases with increasing amplitude ratios.Conclusion: A novel dynamic mesh method is proposed for peristaltic pumping. It provides more accurate and more physical results for stream traces; pressure drops and velocities along the tube. A limited case of the study validates the theoretical and analytical results already presented in literature; hence the method is reliable.

Nanofluids with their excellent thermophysical properties strengthen the thermal performance of an ordinary fluid. Due to the efficacious thermophysical characteristics of nanofluids, the aim of the present study is to discuss the three distinct viscosity models for an incompressible Jeffrey nanofluid relative to its oscillatory oblique stagnation point flow. Three different viscosity models namely Brinkman model, Einstein model, and Reynolds model are discussed to scrutinize the thermophysical attributes of (TiO2-Kerosene oil) nanofluid. The unsteady magnetized flow problem of Jeffrey nanofluid is deliberated over an oscillatory medium corresponding to different frames of references namely fixed frame and moving frame. The thermal analysis is evaluated with the involvement of heat absorption/generation and radiation effects. In both frames of reference, the non-dimensional equations are numerically handled via an efficient technique of bvp4c. The fluid velocity and temperature distribution are graphically compared regarding three distinct viscosity models with numerous pertinent parameters. In the context of all viscosity models, both the distributions of velocity and temperature exhibit excellent behavior in the fixed and moving frame of reference. This study exhibits that the parameter that portrays the ratio of relaxation to retardation times deteriorates the flow field in the fixed frame for all viscosity models.

The study focuses on the instability of local linear convective flow in an incompressible boundary layer caused by a rough rotating disk in a steady MHD flow of viscous nanofluid. Miklavčič and Wang's (Miklavčič and Wang, 2004) [9] MW roughness model are utilized in the presence of MHD of Cu-water nanofluid with enforcement of axial flows. This study will investigate the instability characteristics with the MHD boundary layer flow of nanofluid over a rotating disk and incorporate the effects of axial flow with anisotropic and isotropic surface roughness. The resulting ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are obtained by using von Kàrmàn (Kármán, 1921) [3] similarity transformation on partial differential equations (PDEs). Subsequently, numerical solutions are obtained using the shooting method, specifically the Runge-Kutta technique. Steady-flow profiles for MHD and volume fractions of nanoparticles are analyzed by the partial-slip conditions with surface roughness. Convective instability for stationary modes and neutral stability curves are also obtained and investigated by the formulation of linear stability equations with the MHD of nanofluid. Linear convective growth rates are utilized to analyze the stability of magnetic fields and nanoparticles and to confirm the outcomes of this analysis. Stationary disturbances are also considered in the energy analysis. The investigation indicates the correlation between instability modes Type I and Type II, in the presence of MHD, nanoparticles, and the growth rates of the critical Reynolds number. An integral energy equation enhances comprehension of the fundamental physical mechanisms. The factors contributing to convective instability in the system are clarified using this approach.

Abstract The current work deals with the oblique stagnation point flow phenomenon of a rate-type Maxwell fluid with the significance of the Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory. The Cattaneo-Christov theory is illustrated through the modified form of Fourier’s and Fick’s laws. The steady magnetized flow mechanism is observed in two dimensions through a stretchable convective Riga plate. In the mass and heat transfer analysis, the consequences of chemical reactions and thermal radiation are also incorporated. With the contribution of relevant dimensionless quantities, the setup of dimensionless equations is acquired which further takes the form of nonlinear equations. The physical significance of the numerous parameters on different features of the flow phenomenon is graphically exhibited. The interesting physical quantities are computed and numerically evaluated relative to the pertinent parameters. This study reveals that the thermal relaxation time parameter lowers the rate of heat transfer, and the thermal Biot number enhances the rate of heat transport. Moreover, the Deborah number minimizes the flow field of both tangential and axial velocities.

Abstract In a porous medium, we have examined sinusoidal two-dimensional transport enclosed porous peristaltic boundaries having an Eyring Powell fluid with a water containing $$\text{Al}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$$ Al 2 O 3 . The determining momentum and temperature equations are solved semi-analytically by using regular perturbation method and Mathematica. In present research only free pumping case and small amplitude ratio is studied. Mathematical and pictorial consequences are investigated for distinct physical parameters of interest like porosity, viscosity, volume fraction and permeability to check the effects of flow velocity and temperature.

The fundamental cause of coronary heart disease is thought to be atherosclerosis. Blood flow in arteries under plaque formation is widely studied using both experimental and theoretical methods in literature. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of non-Newtonian blood flow in an idealized stenosed artery. Non-Newtonian behavior of blood flow is assumed by Casson and Quemada fluid models. An analysis is performed for four forms of stenosis, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, which are defined by a narrowing of the artery's diameter. The mathematical model for non-Newtonian fluid transport is presented in the form of highly nonlinear coupled partial differential equations. A finite-volume approach is used to solve the system of equations numerically. The solutions are obtained using a hybrid mesh with hexahedron and tetrahedron control volumes. Numerical solutions are validated first with experimental results from the literature for a Newtonian fluid, and then the results are extended to non-Newtonian fluid models. It can be observed that the non-Newtonian nature of the fluid model influences flow dynamics and is a significant aspect to consider for arteries with small diameter. The velocity and pressure drop rise as the degree of stenosis develops. Wall shear is substantially larger in stenotic passages and severity of stenosis is directly related with this increasing behavior.

The scrutinization of entropy optimization in the various flow mechanisms of non-Newtonian fluids with heat transfer has been incredibly enhanced. Through the investigation of irreversibility sources in the steady flow of a non-Newtonian Willaimson fluid, an analysis of entropy generation is carried out in this current work. The current study has an essential aspect of investigating the heat transfer mechanism with flow phenomenon by considering convective-radiative boundary conditions. A horizontal MHD channel is assumed with two parallel plates to develop a mathematical model for the flow phenomenon by considering the variable viscosity of the fluid. The contribution of physical impacts of thermal radiation, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation is interpolated in the constitutive energy equation. The complete flow of the current analysis is established in the form of ordinary differential equations which further take the form of the dimensionless system through the contribution of the similarity variables. A graphical scrutinization of the physical features of the flow phenomenon in relation to the pertinent parameters is proposed. This study reveals that the higher magnitude of radiation parameter and Brinkman number dominates the system's entropy. Moreover, the temperature distribution experiences an increasing mechanism with improved conduction-radiation parameter at the lower plate.

The study of blood flow through stenotic arteries is more important as the existence and progression of stenosis may lead to severe damage. The current study aims to analyze and understand the non-Newtonian nature of blood flow through the multi-stenosed artery of an elliptical cross-section. The Carreau fluid model accounts for the non-Newtonian nature of blood. The mathematical equations are transformed to dimensionless form, and assumptions of mild stenosis are employed to reduce the non-linearity of the mathematical model. The perturbation method via polynomial technique is utilized to solve the resulting equations by considering We2 as the perturbation parameter. The results of the velocity and wall shear stress are examined graphically. It is found that stenosis severity substantially impacts flow velocity in the narrower portion of the artery. The stenosis growth strongly affects the flow velocity and wall shear stress in the stenotic region. The non-Newtonian effects are found to dominate along the minor axis. This fact assures that the conduit’s narrower cross-section strengthens the fluid’s non-Newtonian behavior. It is observed that the non-Newtonian fluid has a smaller velocity than the Newtonian fluid. Moreover, non-Newtonian fluid has a different nature along the minor and major axes, but Newtonian fluid has the same behavior.

This analysis deals the steady and the incompressible MHD fluid flow by sinusoidal walls of a hexagonal cavity with a cylindrical obstacle at the center. Finite element method (FEM), a numerical modeling method is used to examine the heat transfer and fluid flow controlled by the energy equation, the continuity equation and Navier-Stokes equations, which are converted to dimensionless form through suitable parameterization, which are tackled by finite element method. The temperature distribution and velocity fields are displayed for various parameters which are Richardson number, Hartmann number, Reynolds number, velocities’ amplitudes ratio, temperatures’ amplitudes ratio and phase deviation. This graphical study shows good convergent results of temperature and velocity for variation of involved parameters. At the end, the significant effects of the heat transfer rate are discussed in terms of the Nusselt number.

Jeffrey fluids have found vast applications in industries and engineering along with their rheological properties. This article investigates the heat and fluid flow within the frame of the nonlinear thermal radiation and non-Fourier heat flux model on Jeffrey nanofluid over an inclined permeable stretched cylinder through saturated porous medium. In addition, non-uniform heat generation/absorption, nonlinear thermal radiation, thermal stratification, and homogeneous/heterogeneous reactions are accounted. Porous medium is characterized through nonlinear Darcy-Forchheimer relation. Shooting method is employed in conjunction with Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method to solve nonlinear ODEs. The effects of flow variables involved in velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are deliberated through graphs. It is evident from obtained results that the temperature field rises with thermal radiation parameter and space dependent heat generation/absorption parameter. Local Nusselt number has same enhancing attitude towards the thermal relaxation time (0.7443≤−Nˆuz(Rez)−12≤0.7857 for0.2≤δe≤0.6) and thermal stratification parameter (0.7239≤−Nˆuz(Rez)−12≤0.7689for0.2≤S1≤0.6). The exactness of the solution and F′(ξ) variation is verified by comparison with already published literature. The computed results are of great interest in cooling of nuclear reactors. Viscoelastic stuff are generally employed in mats, car shields, computer hard drives and other protective paddings. Synthetic materials can work as the lubricant for an osteoarthritic joint.

The engineers are fascinated in fluid flows and heat transfer in engineering optics and devices. For such purposes, fluid flows are computed in different geometries. The engineers normally look for reduced heat transfer, enhanced cooling rate and reduced friction drag. Thus, the focus of the present article is to undertake the flow of viscous or Newtonian fluid through joined cavities which is very important in many engineering fields. The Navier-Stokes equations are operated for studying behavior of flow, while Fourier's law of heat conduction is employed for the analysis of heat flow in connected cavities. The consequences show that high pressure, lowest velocity and high temperature are observed at the thin connection of cavities.

This research culminates the arterial blood flow analysis through distinct stenotic regions. Four different forms of stenotic regions are woven together in present study, i.e. triangular, trapezoidal, overlapping (w-shape) and composite formations. The four reviewed stenotic formations are first time considered in such numerical analysis. The considered problem is modeled for an elliptical cross-sectional artery by means of cartesian coordinate system. The governing coupled Partial differential equations are decoded numerically over this elliptical cross-section by using free source CFD software Open-FOAM. A precisely refined and proper mesh is generated for each arterial stenotic segment. A high magnitude of flow profile with some minor disruptions is observed near the origin of stenotic sections of artery. Pressure profile also has high values near the sharp corners of stenotic regions. Some expected irregularities in the flow profile are observed near the origin of stenotic regions as it happens in most of the real-life stenosed artery blood flow problems.

Aims: The efficacy of three isolates of endophytic Penicillium species that have shown significant suppressive effect on root rotting fungi in our previous study were further evaluated in pots and field plot experiments for their effect on root diseases of okra, induction of systemic resistance and physiochemical properties of okra fruit. Methods and Results: Aqueous suspensions of endophytic Penicillium and Pseudomonas monteilii were applied in pots and field plots using okra as test plant. Data on the fungal infection of roots, plant growth, plant resistance markers like polyphenol, salicylic acid and antioxidant status of plant were determined. These isolates significantly suppressed root diseases and induced systemic resistance via increasing level of resistance markers, polyphenol and salicylic acid besides improving antioxidant activity of Penicillium and P. monteilii‐treated plants as compared to control plants. GC‐MS analysis of n‐hexane extract of mycelium of P. nigricans revealed the presence of 15 different volatile compounds. Conclusions: Endophytic Penicillium and P. monteilii have potential against root‐infecting fungi of okra and can improve plant growth and yield. Significance and Impact of the Study: Endophytic Penicillium species and P. monteilii can suppress root rotting fungi by direct mechanism or induction of systemic resistance in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks have been used as antibacterial agents because of their effective antibacterial properties. In this research, nanocomposites of copper (II)- benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid metal–organic framework with iron oxide [Cu-MOF@Fe3O4] were prepared via a simple hydrothermal route. X-ray analysis reveals the crystallinity of the structure while FTIR analysis confirms the existence of Cu-based MOFs functional group. Cu-MOF@Fe3O4 scans using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) reveal irregular clusters of cubic particles fused with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum of Cu-MOF@Fe3O4 provides the evidence of elemental composition by showing the peaks of iron, oxygen, copper and carbon. Using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition assays, the antimicrobial activity of the Cu-MOF and Cu-MOF@Fe3O4 against E. coli and B. subtilis were evaluated. The antibacterial results have shown that the Cu-MOF@Fe3O4 has higher antibacterial performance against E. coli as compared with B. subtilis as compared to Cu-MOF, Fe3O4 and ligands only. On the other hand, the Cu-MOF@Fe3O4 composites exhibit excellent antifungal potential when compared to the ligand, commercial nanoparticles, Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, iron oxide, Cu-MOF. The exploration of antibacterial mechanism revealed that the Cu-MOF@Fe3O4 composite favors slow release of metal ions and prolonged biocidal effect.

The effect of body acceleration on the pulsatile flow of blood through the elliptical artery having stenosis at the multiple positions of its wall is investigated in the current study. The artery is inclined at angle θ with horizontal, and blood is considered as Casson fluid. The mathematical model is processed into non-dimensional form and simplified using assumptions of mild stenosis. The analytical solution of mathematical equations is obtained in the elliptic bounded domain by employing the perturbation technique with Womersley frequency as a perturbation parameter and validated through case comparison with the previous study. The impacts of external acceleration, stenosis height, shape, gravitational acceleration, yield stress, and inclination angle on the flow velocity, flow rate, wall shear stress, and flow resistance are analyzed. It is found that body acceleration, gravitational acceleration, and inclination angle increase the flow rate and diminish the frictional resistance. The more significant yield stress and stenosis height enhance the flow resistance and reduce the flow rate. Moreover, fluid has higher velocity in the case of the non-symmetric shape of stenosis compared with the symmetric form.

Abstract Nanofluids with their augmented thermal characteristics exhibit numerous implementations in engineering and industrial fields such as heat exchangers, microelectronics, chiller, pharmaceutical procedures, etc. Due to such properties of nanofluids, a mathematical model of non-Newtonian Casson nanofluid is analyzed in this current study to explore the steady flow mechanism with the contribution of water-based Aluminum oxide nanoparticles. A stretchable surface incorporating variable thickness is considered to be the source of the concerning fluid flow in two-dimension. An exponential viscosity of the nanofluid is proposed to observe the fluid flow phenomenon. Different models of viscosity including Brinkman and Einstein are also incorporated in the flow analysis and compared with the present exponential model. The physical flow problem is organized in the boundary layer equations which are further tackled by the execution of the relevant similarity transformations and appear in the form of ordinary nonlinear differential equations. The different three models of nanofluid viscosity exhibit strong graphical and tabulated relations with each other relative to the various aspects of the flow problem. In all concerned models of the viscosity, the deteriorating nature of the velocity field corresponding to the Casson fluid and surface thickness parameters is observed.

Abstract Entropy interpretation with a descriptive heat generation analysis is carried out for the heated flow between two homocentric and sinusoidally fluctuating curved tubes. A novel peristaltic endoscope is considered for the first time inside a curved tube with evaluation of heat transfer and entropy. This flexible and novel endoscope with peristaltic locomotion is more efficient for endoscopy of complex mechanical structures and it is more comfortable for patients undergoing the endoscopy of a human organs. A comprehensive mathematical model is developed that also completely evaluates the heat transfer analysis for this novel endoscope. Certain and systematic computations are performed with the help of Mathematica software and exact mathematical as well as graphical solutions are obtained. Entropy has a lower rate that is almost zero entropy in the central region of these two curved tubes, but maximum entropy is noted near the sinusoidally deformable walls of both the endoscope and channel.