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Islamic finance has been facing serious challenges both in terms of credibility as a divine and value-based system and sustainability. Many authors and research institutions have been indicating the issues and suggesting reforms for some years, but one major area that could not get due attention regarding the reform agenda is the Sharı̄’ah governance system and integrating the sustainability framework into the governance related regulations. Another staggering point is that Islamic finance is moving on the path of convergence with conventional finance. It requires well thought-out conceptual and operational frameworks of governance for Islamic Financial Institutions so that the requisite regulations could be introduced and effectively implemented to keep Islamic financial services distinct from conventional services. To suggest such frameworks, this qualitative study analyses the Sharı̄’ah Governance Framework introduced by the State Bank of Pakistan in 2015, and the governance related published material. It can be termed as a case study on Islamic banks’ Sharı̄’ah governance framework and is based on structured interviews with 32 research participants including banks’ Sharı̄’ah board members, Sharı̄’ah reviewers/auditors, experienced Islamic banking practitioners, and the researchers/academics. As a case study, it is based on five research questions and many sub-questions relating to the governance framework introduced by the State Bank of Pakistan in 2015 for Islamic banking institutions in Pakistan. Based on the findings of the study, it suggests the bases, processes, and measures for the Islamic banks and other financial institutions moving to Islamic social finance and integrating it to the sustainability framework. It assigns roles to the regulators, the banks’ Sharı̄’ah boards, BODs, and senior management, and the operations and audit staff. It could become a basis for reforms in the whole process of product development and implementation and conducting business by Islamic banking and finance institutions to realize the objectives of Islamic finance as a divine, just, and value-based system.

To assess prescribing care indicators, utilization pattern, cost per prescription, cost ratios, and percent cost variation of antidepressants (ADs).A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the tertiary care hospital of Peshawar, Pakistan among major depressive disorder (MDD) outpatients from July 2019 to February 2020. The ideal standards for World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing care indicators were used. The ePharma Guide was used to calculate the cost in Pakistani rupees (Rs) and United States dollar (USD) 2021 (exchange rate: 1 USD = 154.43 Rs).A total of 296 MDD patients received 846 drugs (average 2.86; range:1-8), of which 366 were ADs (average number ADs/prescription; 1.23). About 23% (n = 68) of patients received more than one AD. Only 21 (5.7%) generic ADs were prescribed, and 346 (94.5%) ADs were prescribed from the hospital formulary list. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most prescribed ADs (67.5%). The average cost of ADs per prescription per month was 700.95 Rs (4.54 USD). Escitalopram (5.69 Rs; 0.04 USD) showed highest cost ratio and maximum percentage cost variation (468.97%).This study observed low generic prescribing, a higher prescribing trend of SSRI, wide differences in cost ratio and percentage cost variation among ADs.

Prophylactic use of antibiotics before surgery is evidence-based practice for prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs).To investigate adherence to and surgeons' perception of antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines.A two-phase, cross-sectional prospective study conducted in two teaching hospitals. Phase 1: 6-month audit of prescriptions to investigate adherence rate to evidence-based guidelines. The important information was collected from medical charts through a predesigned proforma. Phase 2: self-administration questionnaire was used to investigate the surgeons' perception. Descriptive statistics, independent-sample Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 21.0.A total of 866 eligible surgical cases (acute appendectomy; n = 418; 48.2%), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 278; 32.1%) and inguinal hernia (n = 170; 19.7%) were investigated. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis was prescribed in 97.5% of procedures. Out of these, 9.5% adhered to guidelines with respect to correct choice, 40% for timing, and 100% for dose and route (optimal value 100%). Most patients received ceftriaxone (n = 503; 59.5%) as prophylactic antibiotic. The questionnaire (good internal consistency; α ≥ 0.7) was filled out by 200 surgeons. More than half (69%) of participants thought that antibiotics were overused. Most surgeons perceive that poor adherence to treatment guidelines is due to poor awareness, underestimation of infection, lack of consensus, and disagreement with guidelines recommendations.Surgeons have positive perception that antibiotics should be used according to guidelines recommendations. However, we found poor treatment adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines.مراجعة استعمال المضادات الحيوية الوقائية ومدى امتثال الجراحين للمبادئ التوجيهية القياسية في الإجراءات الجراحية المعتادة في منطقة البطن.ذاكر خان، نافيد أحمد، شايستا ظفار، عاصم الرحمن، فايز الله خان، محمد صقلان، سُهيل قامران، حاضر رحمن.يُعتبر استعمال المضادات الحيوية على سبيل الوقاية قبل الجراحة من الممارسات المُسنَدة بالبيّنات للوقاية من حدوث عدوى المواضع الجراحية.هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحرّي مدى الامتثال للمبادئ التوجيهية الخاصة باستعمال المضادات الحيوية الوقائية ومنظور الجراحين في هذا الشأن.أُجريت دراسة استباقية مقطعية على مرحلتين في اثنين من المستشفيات الجامعية. المرحلة 1: مراجعة الوصفات الطبية التي حُررت على مدار 6 أشهر لتحري معدل الامتثال بالمبادئ التوجيهية المُسنَدة بالبيّنات. وجُعت المعلومات المهمة من المخططات الطبية للمرضى باستخدام استمارة مُصمَّمة مسبقاً لهذا الغرض. المرحلة 2: استخدام استبيان يُستكمل ذاتياً لتحرِّي منظور الجراحين في هذا الشأن. وقد استُخدم الإصدار 21.0 من برنامج SPSS لإجراء إحصاءات وصفية، واختبار كروسكال واليس القائم على العينات المستقلة، وتحليل الانحدار الخطي المتعدد المتغيرات.بلغ مجموع الحالات الجراحية التي تصلح للخضوع لهذه الدراسة 866 حالة، تراوحت بين استئصال الزائدة الدودية الملتهبة التهاباً حاداً (العدد=418؛ 48.2٪)، واستئصال المرارة بالمنظار (العدد= 278؛ 32.1٪)، والفتق الأُربي (العدد=170؛ 19.7٪). وقد وُصفت المضادات الحيوية الوقائية في 97.5٪ من الإجراءات الجراحية. ومن بين هذه الإجراءات الجراحية، كانت نسبة الامتثال للمبادئ التوجيهية من حيث الاختيار الصحيح، والتوقيت، والجرعة والمسار 9.5٪، و 40٪، و 100٪ على التوالي (القيمة المُثلى 100٪). وتلقى معظم المرضى دواء سيفترياكسون (العدد= 503؛ 59.5٪)، بوصفه أحد المضادات الحيوية الوقائية. وقد أجاب عن الاستبيان 200 جراح (اتساق داخلي جيد؛ α ≥ 0.7). ورأى أكثر من نصف الجراحين المشاركين في الاستبيان (69 ٪) أن هناك زيادة في استعمال المضادات الحيوية. كما رأى معظم الجراحين أن السبب وراء ضعف الامتثال بالمبادئ التوجيهية للعلاج يرجع إلى ضعف الوعي، وعدم تقدير الحجم الحقيقي للعدوى، وغياب التوافق في الآراء، والاختلاف مع التوصيات الخاصة بالمبادئ التوجيهية.لدى الجراحين منظور إيجابي بشأن ضرورة استعمال المضادات الحيوية وفقاً لما ورد في التوصيات الخاصة بالمبادئ التوجيهية، لكن لوحظ ضعف الامتثال للمبادئ التوجيهية الخاصة بالعلاج بالمضادات الحيوية الوقائية.Audit de l’antibioprophylaxie et de l’observance des lignes directrices standard par les chirurgiens dans les actes courants de chirurgie abdominale.L’usage prophylactique des antibiotiques préalablement à un acte chirurgical est une pratique fondée sur des données probantes, qui permet de prévenir les infections du site opératoire (ISO).Étudier l’observance des lignes directrices en matière d’antibioprophylaxie et le point de vue des chirurgiens sur cette pratique.Une étude prospective transversale en deux phases, a été menée dans deux hôpitaux universitaires. Phase 1 : Audit des ordonnances sur six mois, afin d’évaluer le taux de d’observance des lignes directrices fondées sur des données probantes. Les informations importantes ont été recueillies à partir des dossiers médicaux au moyen d’un formulaire conçu à cet effet. Phase 2 : un auto-questionnaire a été utilisé pour étudier le point de vue des chirurgiens. Des statistiques descriptives ont été produites, un test de Kruskal-Wallis sur échantillons indépendants et une analyse de régression linéaire multivariée ont été réalisés à l’aide du logiciel SPPS, version 21.0.Au total, 866 cas chirurgicaux répondant aux critères de l’étude ont été examinés : appendicectomies aiguës, (n = 418, soit 48,2 %), cholécystectomies laparoscopiques, (n = 278, soit 32,1 %) et hernies inguinales (n = 170, soit 19,7 %). Une antibioprophylaxie chirurgicale a été prescrite dans 97,5 % des interventions. Parmi ces dernières, le respect des lignes directrices était de 9,5 % pour le choix de l’antibiotique, de 40 % pour le moment de l’administration et de 100 % pour la dose et la voie d’administration, la valeur optimale étant 100 %. La majorité des patients ont reçu de la ceftriaxone (n = 503, soit 59,5 %) comme antibiotique prophylactique. Le questionnaire a été rempli par 200 chirurgiens, avec une cohérence interne satisfaisante (α ≥ 0,7). Plus de la moitié (69 %) des participants estimaient que les antibiotiques étaient surutilisés. La majorité des chirurgiens pensent que l’observance médiocre des lignes directrices de traitement est due à un manque de sensibilisation, à une sous-estimation de l’infection, à l’absence d’un consensus et à un désaccord avec les recommandations de ces lignes directrices.Les chirurgiens approuvent l’usage des antibiotiques conformément aux recommandations des lignes directrices de traitement. Cependant, notre étude révèle une observance médiocre de ces textes dans les traitements d’antibioprophylaxie.

Previous studies identified alarming use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in Pakistani population but its effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is still largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the association between PIMs use and HRQoL among elderly cardiac outpatients. A descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2018 to September 2018 in two outpatient departments of tertiary-care hospitals in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. The population under study were patients aged ≥ 65 years with at least one cardiovascular condition taking at ≥ 1 prescribed medication. Patients with PIMs were identified by using Beers criteria. HRQoL was assessed using EuroQoL-5 dimension (EQ-5D) and EuroQoL-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). The association of PIMs with HRQoL was analyzed using χ2 tests, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA tests. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine how HRQoL varied by PIMs use after adjusting for patient-level covariates. Of 386 elderly cardiac patients, 260 (67.4%) patients were receiving at least one PIM. Mean EQ-5D scores were significantly lower among patients with PIMs (0.51) compared to patients without PIMs (0.65) (P

Background: Most postsurgical infections can be prevented through the effective use of antimicrobial. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial prophylaxis practices and adherence to guidelines in gynecological surgeries. Methods: An audit based prospective study was carried out between February and April 2019 in the gynecological ward in a teaching hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. This study included women who had two common surgical procedures (caesarean surgery and hysterectomy), did not undergo any previous surgery and having no infection at the time of surgery. The indication, choice/selection, timing and pattern of antimicrobials were the main evaluated parameters. The required information was collected from medical records through standardized data collection proforma. Observed prescribing practices were compared with antimicrobial prophylaxis guideline. Results: A total of 264 patients (caesarean surgery n = 173 and hysterectomy n = 91) with mean age: 32.6 ± 6.3 years were recruited in the analysis. Antimicrobial was prescribed to 241 patients (91.3%). The selection and timing of antimicrobial were adhered to guidelines in 40.7% and 56.4% cases, respectively (optimal value 100%). There was a statistically significant difference between guideline recommendations and antimicrobial practice in surgical procedures (P = 0.000).The commonly prescribed antimicrobials were ceftriaxone (22.4%) and cefazolin (22%).The combination usage of antimicrobial was also observed. Conclusion: Inappropriate use of antimicrobial prophylaxis and low adherence to standard guidelines was observed. Periodic audit and awareness about standard guidelines are required for the judicial use of antimicrobials in surgery.

This paper investigates the issues and challenges encountered by students obtaining distance education in Pakistan. We conducted interviews with students obtaining distance education and they were enrolled in different study programs. Qualitative interviews were conducted to understand the perception of the study participants regarding the issues and challenges faced by them in learning. Students from five distance learning programs were selected and five participants from each study program were interviewed in this study. The findings reveal that distance learning students encounter impediment in their learning due to their personal circumstances, teachers’ related issues, and due to assessment and evaluation issues. These factors negatively affect distance learners learning experiences. Based on the study findings, we provide recommendations to universities for enhancing distance learners experience.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) usage is becoming increasingly common throughout the world. This study explored the prevalence and usage pattern of CAM in patients who underwent common day-case elective operations in a general surgical department in a teaching hospital in Pakistan. A questionnaire covering socio-demographic information and CAM usage, the reasons for its use and opinions on its efficacy, was administered to participants during a 3-month study. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS (v-22.0) for descriptive statistics and chi-square testing. The questionnaire was completed by 392 patients, 216 of whom were males (55.1%). The day-case surgery most commonly performed was laparoscopic cholecystectomy (41.6%), followed by hemorrhoidectomy (24.7%). Overall, 217 patients (55.4%) reported CAM usage and 42 (19.3%) used more than one type of CAM. Other non-herbal treatments were reported by 64.5%. CAM users were more likely to be older, male and less educated (P-value

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how organizational unfairness impedes fulfilment of various needs of non-managerial employees at Islamic banks. Methodology: The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews from sixteen non-managerial employees of different fully Islamic bank branches located in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Findings: The study findings indicate that issues in the distributive, procedural and interactional justice elements of Islamic banks impedes fulfilment of basic, social, security, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs of non-managerial service employees of Islamic banks and adversely affects their wellbeing. Significance: This research contributes to the literature on organizational fairness by unpacking the ways in which issues in the organizational justice elements impeded non-managerial service employees’ life needs fulfilment. This study investigates the above-mentioned issue from the Islamic banks non-managerial employees’ perspective, which was not empirically investigated earlier. Limitations: The qualitative research findings might lack external validity or generalizability. In the future, a study could investigate this topic through survey research. Second, this research merely investigated how organizational unfairness impedes employees’ life needs. In future, a study could explore the strategies employed by the employees encountering organizational unfairness for resolving the issues relating to stress and other socio-economic aspects. Practical and Social Implications: This study findings provided an avenue to offer a number of practical implications to enhance fairness for non-managerial service employees in Islamic banks.

Objectives: Effective mitigation of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) pandemic requires true adoption of precautionary measures by the masses, that primarily depends upon their knowledge and practices behaviors. The current study aimed to assess the knowledge; practices of Pakistani residents regarding COVID-19 and factors associated with adequate knowledge and positive practices.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 15-April 2020 to 20 May 2020 among 689 Pakistanis by using a validated self-administered questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha 0.77). The questionnaire included questions on the assessment of demographics, the source of information, knowledge, and practice of COVID-19 on google forms and shared links with the WhatsApp groups, Facebook pages and other online platforms. Regression analysis was applied to find potential predictors of knowledge and practices.Results: Of 689 participants, 431 (62.6%) were male, 64.3% (n = 443) were aged n = 332) had adequate knowledge; 81% (n = 555) had positive practices regarding COVID-19 and majority (66.62%, n = 459) seek knowledge from social media. Knowledge was significantly higher (OR > 1.00, p < 0.05) among educated and higher income participants. Positive practices were significantly (OR > 1.00, p < 0.05) related to the older age (≥50 years), higher education, higher income and good knowledge regarding COVID-19.Conclusion: The study concluded that Pakistani residents had average knowledge and good practices toward COVID-19 yet there are gaps in specific aspects of knowledge, and practice that should be focused in future awareness and educational campaigns. The study recommends the ministry of health authorities to promote all precautionary and preventive measures of COVID-19-consisting of a better-organized approach to all strata of society: less privileged people, older ones and less educated people, in order to have equilibrium of knowledge about COVID-19; hence effective implementation of precautionary measures.

Genus Batracomorphus Lewis, 1834 Type species: Batracomorphus irroratus Lewis [England]., Published as part of Naveed, Hassan, Sohail, Kamran, Islam, Waqar & Zhang, Yalin, 2020, Newly reported genus Batracomorphus Lewis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) from Pakistan with description of a new species, pp. 297-300 in Zootaxa 4789 (1) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/3884676, {"references":["Lewis, R. H. (1834) Descriptions of some new genera of British Homoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1, 47 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1837. tb 03178. x"]}

Effective mitigation of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) pandemic required true adoption of precautionary measures by the masses, that primarily depends upon their knowledge and practices behaviors. The current study aimed to evaluate the knowledge; practices of Pakistani residents regarding COVID-19 and factors associated with good knowledge and positive practices. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 15-April 2020 to 20 May 2020 among 689 Pakistanis by using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Regression analysis was applied to find potential predictor of knowledge and practices. Of 689 participants, more than half had good knowledge; 80% had good practices regarding COVID-19 and majority seek knowledge from social media. Knowledge was significantly higher (OR>1.00, p< 0.05) among educated and higher income participants. Positive practices were significantly (OR>1.00, p< 0.05) related to the older age (≥50 years), higher education, higher income and good knowledge regarding COVID-19. The study concluded that Pakistani residents had good knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 yet there are gaps in specific aspects of knowledge, and practice that should be focused in future awareness and educational campaigns. The study recommends the ministry of health authorities to promote all precautionary and preventive measures of COVID-19-consisting of a better-organized approach-to all strata of society: less privileged people, older ones and less educated people, in order to have equilibrium of knowledge about COVID-19; hence effective implementation of precautionary measures.

Amidst to current Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the international pharmaceutical federation stated that pharmacists being a part of the healthcare system had a crucial role in the management cycle of COVID-19 outbreak. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of community pharmacists, to snapshot their current preparedness and awareness regarding COVID-19. An online survey was conducted among a sample of 393 community pharmacists from two provinces; Punjab and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during a period of strict lockdown (10th to 30th April 2020). A validated (Cronbach alpha= 0.077) self-administered questionnaire comprised of five sections (Demographics, source of information, knowledge, attitude, and practice) was used for data collection. Logistic regression was applied to find potential factors associated with good knowledge, attitude, and practice by using SPSS version 21. Of total 393 participants, 71.5% (n=281) had good knowledge, 44% (n=175) had positive attitude and 57.3% (n=225) had good practice regarding COVID-19. Social media (45.29%, n=178) was reported as the main source to seek information regarding COVID-19. Results revealed that the age of ≥26 years, Ph.D. degree level, and good knowledge were the substantial determinants (P5 years, hold a Ph.D. degree, good knowledge and good attitude had higher odds of good practice compared to reference categories (P

Epora Walker, 1857 Epora Walker, 1857: 145. Type species: Epora subtalis Walker, 1857 by original designation. Distribution: China; India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Philippine; Sri Lanka; Vietnam; Pakistan. Remarks: This genus has been adequately redescribed by Men et al. (2011). It can be distinguished by narrow pronotum with strongly oblique lateral areas; posterior margin of vertex concave; narrow forewing with many oblique transverse veins., Published as part of Sohail, Kamran, Webb, Mick & Zhang, Yalin, 2020, Newly recorded genera in the planthopper family Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Pakistan with redescription of Epora montana Distant, pp. 281-286 in Zootaxa 4763 (2) on pages 281-282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4763.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/3758177, {"references":["Walker, F. (1857) Catalogue of the Homopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society London, 1, 141 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1857. tb 00966. x","Men, Q. L., Feng, J. N. & Qin, D. Z. (2011) The planthopper genus Epora Walker (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae) from China with description of one new species. Zootaxa, 2803 (1), 32 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2803.1.3"]}

Zema Fennah, 1956 Zema Fennah, 1956: 500. Type species: Zema gressitti Fennah, 1956, by original designation; Wang & Liang, 2007: 62., Published as part of Sohail, Kamran, Webb, Mick & Zhang, Yalin, 2020, Newly recorded genera in the planthopper family Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Pakistan with redescription of Epora montana Distant, pp. 281-286 in Zootaxa 4763 (2) on page 284, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4763.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/3758177, {"references":["Fennah, R. G. (1956) Fulgoroidea from southern China. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 (28), 441 - 527.","Wang, R. - R. & Liang, A. - P. (2007) Taxonomic study of the genus Zema Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae) from China. Zootaxa, 1436 (1), 61 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1436.1.4"]}

Zema gressitti Fennah, 1956, new record to Pakistan (Figs 18 ���23) Zema gressitti Fennah, 1956: 502, Fig. 16; Wang & Liang, 2007: 63, Figs 1, 3���11. Remarks: Wang & Liang (2007) provided a detailed description of this species based on specimens from China. Material examined: Pakistan, 2&male;&male;, Punjab Province, Kalar Kahar 32��46���59��� N 72��42���00��� E, 643 m, 4-vii- 2017, coll. Hassan Naveed (NWAFU); 2&male;&male;, 2&female;&female;, Pakistan, Punjab Province, Jhika Gali, 9.ix.1971, nymph on Coriaria nepalensis Wall. (Coriariaceae) (BMNH). Distribution: China, Nepal, Pakistan (Punjab) Remarks: This species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus, Z. montana Wang & Liang, 2007, from China, by the shorter median carina of vertex (in basal 2/3 rather than throughout length of vertex), asymmetrical periandrium and aedeagal process bifurcate at mid length of aedeagus (rather than distally)., Published as part of Sohail, Kamran, Webb, Mick & Zhang, Yalin, 2020, Newly recorded genera in the planthopper family Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Pakistan with redescription of Epora montana Distant, pp. 281-286 in Zootaxa 4763 (2) on pages 284-285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4763.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/3758177, {"references":["Fennah, R. G. (1956) Fulgoroidea from southern China. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 (28), 441 - 527.","Wang, R. - R. & Liang, A. - P. (2007) Taxonomic study of the genus Zema Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae) from China. Zootaxa, 1436 (1), 61 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1436.1.4"]}

Epora montana Distant, 1912, new record to Pakistan (Figs 1 ���17) Epora montana Distant, 1912: 185. Epora subtalis Melichar, 1914: 51, junior synonym of E. subtalis Epora montana Distant, 1916: 48, 51. Redescription Figs (1���17) Moderately large, body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewing): male 6.9���7.0 mm (n=2); female 7.1���7.2 mm (n=2). General color ochraceous; vertex, frons, pronotum, mesonotum and abdomen ochraceous or yellowish; compound eyes and ocelli yellowish; tegmina and veins pale ochraceous; legs ochraceous with spines on hind legs black tipped. Head in facial view with frons elongate longer in middle than width with rigid median and lateral margins; lateral margins subparallel slightly curved below antennae; frontoclypeal suture distinct slightly incised, slit like processes on anteclypeus; rostrum short, three segmented, not reaching hind coxae; first antennal segment short, ring shaped, second segment subglobose larger than first segment. Head, in dorsal view (incl. eyes), narrower than pronotum, slightly produced in front of eyes; vertex with distinct central longitudinal carina broader at level of base than middle anteriorly arched and thickened; lateral margins parallel and rigid, posterior margin concave, sharply raised; disc slightly incised, median carina not approaching anterior margin. Compound eyes large, oval; ocelli small. Pronotum with two median carina not reaching anterior margins, lateral carina not parallel curved towards anterior margin; short lateral carina on both sides between compound eyes and tegula; anterior margin of pronotum arched, posterior margin notched and excavated; pronotum at level of base wider than vertex. Mesonotum with three distinct carina; median carina straight reaching apical margin, lateral carina arched reaching posterior margin; pro and mesonotum longer in midline than vertex. Front wing hyaline concave in apical margin, posterior margin straight; costal margin with 14-15 obliquely transversely veinlets with apical and sub apical elongate narrow cells. Sc+R vein bifurcate at basal quarter, Cu 1 forking at basal ��, M vein joining nodal line, claval vein reached middle of clavus; hind wing transparent. Hind leg with 3 lateral tibial spines, spinal formula is 6-5-2. Male genitalia (Figs 11���15): Pygofer in profile quadrangular. In lateral view, anal segment elongate, tubular not reaching apex of aedeagus; lateroapical angles roundly produced, anal foramen in apical 1/4. Aedeagus long tubular, membranous basally curved, medially narrow slightly wider towards apex; apically with spine like processes directed caudally and two spines like processes laterally (one short and one long) directed towards anal segment. Periandrium short well developed with several processes; single short process arising in middle of aedeagus curving ventromesad bifurcating into two short diverging spine-like branches and 3 long processes directed posteriorly one on left and two on right side of aedeagus. Aedeagus with lobe like process near bent on ventral aspect. Gonostyle symmetrical, longer than wide laterally apically convex; dorsally with triangular process in distal half and with hook-like sclerotized processes directed posteriorly. Corpus connective tubular curved medially. Female genitalia (Figs 16, 17): In lateral view anal segment short, in dorsal view slightly round apically, anal style small and short. First valve (gonophyses VIII) saw like with 6 stout teeth���s on dorsal margin; ventrally with few small teeth���s. Second valve (gonophyses XI) triangular shape slightly sclerotized basally wider apically joined; third valve (gonoplace) membranous with 6 apical sclerotized stout teeth centrally curved projecting dorsally. Material examined: 1&female; (Syntype), India, Nilgiri Hills, Hampson, Distant Coll. 1911-383, NHMUK 013588135 (BMNH); 1&male;, Calcutta, 22.v.1907, Distant Coll. 1911-383, NHMUK 013588136 (BMNH). 2&male;&male;, 2&female;&female;, Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Munjai, District Upper Dir 35��9'55.89"N 72��2'48.54"E, 1840m, 19-vi-2018, coll. Kamran Sohail (NWAFU). Distribution: India, Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) Remarks: This species was described from an unknown number of specimens (syntypic) with the following data: ���Nilgiri Hills (Hampson)���. The single syntype in BMNH is figured together with an associated male. This species was treated as a junior synonym of E. subtilis by Melichar (1914) but Distant (1916) separated them by size and wing venation and recorded E. montana as a valid species. Here, we distinguish the two species based on shape of the head, being shorter in E. montana, from Borneo (syntypes in BMNH), by its shorter head. This comparison is made with the original figure of E. subtilis (Walker, 1857: 146, Pl. 7, Fig. 3) as the syntype in the BMNH and Hope Department, Oxford are without heads., Published as part of Sohail, Kamran, Webb, Mick & Zhang, Yalin, 2020, Newly recorded genera in the planthopper family Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Pakistan with redescription of Epora montana Distant, pp. 281-286 in Zootaxa 4763 (2) on page 282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4763.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/3758177, {"references":["Distant, W. L. (1912) Descriptions of new genera and species of Oriental Homoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History London, Series 8, 9, 181 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931208693118","Melichar, L. (1914) Monographie der Tropiduchinen (Homoptera). Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereins in Brunn, 53, 1 - 145.","Distant, W. L. (1916) Rhynchota 6 (Homoptera: Appendix). In: The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 17 - 145.","Walker, F. (1857) Catalogue of the Homopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society London, 1, 141 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1857. tb 00966. x"]}

Sohail, Kamran, Webb, Mick, Zhang, Yalin (2020): Newly recorded genera in the planthopper family Tropiduchidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Pakistan with redescription of Epora montana Distant. Zootaxa 4763 (2): 281-286, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4763.2.10

Quality of life is an important patient-reported outcome in the care of older patients with chronic diseases owing to aging-associated limited physical activity and poor health status. The current study aimed to evaluate health-related quality of life and its predictors among elderly cardiac outpatients.A descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2018 to October 2018 in outpatient departments of a tertiary-care hospital. The population under study were patients aged ≥65 years with at least 1 cardiovascular condition. The EQ-5D-3L (Euro QOL) and Barthel index were used to measure the quality of life and performance of activities of daily living, respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed by using SPSS version 21.Of a total of 386 patients, 198 patients (51.3%) reported impairment in the mobility domain, and 70.5% (n = 272) of patients indicated impairment in the depression domain. Mann-Whitney tests revealed EQ-5D scores, and visual analogue scale scores significantly differed by hospital admissions (P = .001), fall history (P0.001), and activities of daily living (P .001). Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed that EQ-5D index value and visual analogue scale score were significantly lower among patients who had comorbidities and who were exposed to polypharmacy (5-9 medications) (P.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, self-reported health (P = .006) and performance of activities of daily living (P .001) were reported as influencing factors on health-related quality of life.Findings indicated poor quality of life among older patients with cardiovascular diseaese or heart diseases in Pakistan. Measures should be taken to improve patients' perception and to enhance awareness regarding the importance of doing daily living activities as a predictor of good quality of life.

Sohail, Kamran, Huang, Weijian, Zhang, Yalin (2020): A new species of the genus Kodaianellissus Wang, Bourgoin & Zhang (Hemiptera: Issidae) with morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa 4731 (2): 270-274, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4731.2.6

Hemisphaeriinae Melichar, 1906 Kodaianellini Wang, Zhang & Bourgoin, 2016, Published as part of Sohail, Kamran, Huang, Weijian & Zhang, Yalin, 2020, A new species of the genus Kodaianellissus Wang, Bourgoin & Zhang (Hemiptera: Issidae) with morphological and molecular data, pp. 270-274 in Zootaxa 4731 (2) on page 271, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4731.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3637887, {"references":["Melichar, L. (1906) Monographie der Issiden. (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 3, 327.","Wang, M. L., Zhang, Y. L. & Bourgoin, T. (2016) Planthopper family Issidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha): linking molecular phylogeny with classification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 105, 224 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.08.012"]}

Kodaianellissus gibbusis Kamran, Huang et Zhang, sp. nov. Description: Length of male (from apex of head to tip of forewing, N=3) 5.5���6.0 mm. Vertex and frons yellowish brown, anterior margin of frons black with small yellow spots, lateral margins yellowish with brown markings. Clypeus yellowish. Eyes greyish with tanned bands. Gena and antennae brown. Pronotum yellowish, mesonotum light brown. Abdomen dark brown dorsally. Tegmina, legs and longitudinal veins brown, cross veins yellowish. Disc of vertex rectangular, 1.9 times wider than long, centrally and laterally carinate, two rounded markings near lateral margins. Posterior margins concave, anterior margins slightly curved in mid line at apex, lateral margins slightly transverse (Fig. 1D). Frons slightly globose, broader behind the eyes (Fig. 1C), median carina obvious, lateral margins slightly straight, concavely truncated behind eyes, obliquely narrow near clypeus (Fig. 1C). Clypeus with distinct brown transverse strips (Fig. 1C). Large compound eyes (Figs. 1C, D). Gena smooth, oblique in lateral view (Fig. 1B). Pronotum longer than vertex centrally, anterior margin convex, strongly carinate; posterior margin truncate, central carina yellowish, two black incisions near median carina on the disk (Fig. 1D). Mesonotum as long as pronotum, two brown spots near lateral margins and near base on each side of the disc, posterior one obviously smaller than apical one. Tegmina, distinctly longer than wide, ScP+R vein forked near base, ScP+RA vein long reaching &frac13; costal margin, RP vein very long, exceeding 1/3 of costa distad at outer margin of tegmina. MP vein bifurcate near basal �� long surpassing, MP 1+2 and MP 3+4 sinuate at apical margin. Cu forked at apical &frac13;, Pcu and A 1 combine at basal half of clavus (Fig. 1E). Hind wing fully developed tri-lobed. Lobe Pcu-A 1 distinctly longer than wide; A 2 lobe narrower distad at &frac13; of Pcu-A 1, A 2 lobe simple, longer not forked (Fig. 1F). Hind tibiae with two lateral spines, spinal formula 8-7-2. Male genitalia. Anal segment in dorsal view (Fig. 1H) rectangular, longer than wide, laterally straight, slightly convex at basal half, anal foramen short, located in basal half (Fig. 1H). Anal tube in lateral view long, convex at posterior &frac13;, ventral margins slightly prominent (Fig. 1G). Pygofer in lateral view, long and slender with parallel anterior and posterior margins (Fig. 1G). Genital styles rectangular, widest at basal &frac13;, caudoventrally rectangular slightly curved near base of capitilum at posterior margin, dorsolaterally provided with hump-like processes near base of capitulum (Fig. 1J). Capitilum very long, tubular, apically sclerotized slightly bent directed anteriorly, posterior margin with lobe-like process (Fig. 1J). Aedeagus in lateral view elevated at both sides, divided into two lobes, dorsolateral lobe slightly membranous in apical portion, centrally convex. Sharp sclerotized spines directed dorsad on each side of ventral apical part (Fig. 1K). In ventral view, periandrium is long U-shaped, somewhat symmetrical, dorsolateral margins twisted in distal half, pair of long hooks arising in distal half directed downwards (Fig. 1I). Type materials: Holotype: &male; Rawlakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan, 33��51���32.18���N, 73�� 45���34.93���E, 1628 m, 14-vii-2018, coll. Kamran Sohail. Paratypes 2&male;&male;, same data as holotype. Female: Unknown. Etymology: Latin word ��� gibbus ��� means hump, referring to hump-like processes near base of capitilum on dorsolateral side. Host plants: Unknown. Diagnosis: Kodaianellissus gibbusis sp. nov. can be differentiated from K. intorqueus by characters mentioned in the key. Remarks: Phylogenetic analyses of 5 species of Hemisphaeriinae, including two out-groups (Gelastyrella litaoensis and Darwallia barbata), based on ML and BI analyses of nucleotide sequence data of two genes, yielded almost same topologies with strong support (Fig. 2). The molecular analyses (Fig. 2) with morphological characters indicates its placement into the Kodaianellissus., Published as part of Sohail, Kamran, Huang, Weijian & Zhang, Yalin, 2020, A new species of the genus Kodaianellissus Wang, Bourgoin & Zhang (Hemiptera: Issidae) with morphological and molecular data, pp. 270-274 in Zootaxa 4731 (2) on pages 271-273, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4731.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3637887

Key to species of Kodaianellissus 1. Male anal segment in dorsal view with straight apical and dorsolateral margins; aedeagus with pair of hooks directed downwards in ventral view........................................................ Kodaianellissus gibbusis sp. nov. - Male anal segment in dorsal view slightly convex in apical margin, laterally with two convex angles; aedeagus with pair of hooks directed outwards in ventral view (Wang et al., 2017, figs 4, 8, 11).................... Kodaianellissus intorqueus, Published as part of Sohail, Kamran, Huang, Weijian & Zhang, Yalin, 2020, A new species of the genus Kodaianellissus Wang, Bourgoin & Zhang (Hemiptera: Issidae) with morphological and molecular data, pp. 270-274 in Zootaxa 4731 (2) on page 271, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4731.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3637887, {"references":["Wang, M. L., Bourgoin, T. & Zhang, Y. L. (2017) New Oriental genera in the family Issidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Zootaxa, 4312 (2), 355 - 367. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.2.10"]}

Stirellus viridulus (Pruthi) ( Figs. 3, 4) Paternus viridula Pruthi, 1930: 42 Paternus viridulus Metcalf, 1967: 2350 Stirellus viridulus Khatri & Webb 2010: 1–47 Measurements. Body length (including forewing): male 3.3–3.6 mm. Material examined. 8&male;, 13&female;, Pakistan, Punjab, July 2016, Coll. Hassan Naveed. 2&male;, 4&female;, Pakistan, Punjab, August 2018, Coll. Hassan Naveed. Distribution. Pakistan, India., Published as part of Naveed, Hassan, Shah, Bismillah, Sohail, Kamran & Zhang, Yalin, 2020, Review of the leafhopper genus Stirellus Osborn & Ball, 1902 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of two new species from Pakistan, pp. 479-485 in Zootaxa 4722 (5) on page 481, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4722.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3609714, {"references":["Pruthi, H. S. (1930) Studies on Indian Jassidae (Homoptera). Part I. Introduction and description of some new genera and spe- cies. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11 (1), 1 - 68, pls. 1 - 5.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1967) General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle VI. Cicadelloidea. Part 10. Section III. Euscelidae. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Washington, D. C., pp. 2075 - 2695.","Khatri, I. & Webb, M. D. (2010) The Deltocephalinae leafhoppers of Pakistan (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Zootaxa, 2365 (1), 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2365.1.1"]}

Stirellus lahorensis (Distant) (Figs. 1, 2) Volusenus lahorensis Distant, 1918: 72 Stirellus peshawarensis Mahmood, Sultana & Waheed, 1973: 80 Paternus jhokensis Ahmed & Aziz, 1988:805 Stirellus lahorensis Khatri & Webb 2010: 1–47 Measurements. Body length (including forewing): male 3.09–3.53 mm. Material examined. 16&male;, 9&female;, Pakistan, Punjab, 2016, Coll. Hassan Naveed. 4&male;, 2&female;, Pakistan, Punjab, 2017, Hassan Naveed. 7&male;, 3&female;, Pakistan, Punjab, 2018, Hassan Naveed. Distribution. Pakistan, India, Iran., Published as part of Naveed, Hassan, Shah, Bismillah, Sohail, Kamran & Zhang, Yalin, 2020, Review of the leafhopper genus Stirellus Osborn & Ball, 1902 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of two new species from Pakistan, pp. 479-485 in Zootaxa 4722 (5) on page 480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4722.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3609714, {"references":["Distant, W. L. (1918) Rhynchota, Homoptera: Appendix. Heteroptera: Addenda. In: Shipley, A. E. & Marshall, A. K. (Eds.), The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, 7, pp. 1 - 210.","Mahmood, S. H., Sultana, S. & Waheed, A. (1973) Two new species of Stirellus Osborn and Ball (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from West Pakistan. Pakistan Journal Zoology, 4 (1), 79 - 84.","Ahmed, M. & Aziz, A. (1988) Two new species of grassland leafhoppers (Cicadellidae: Homoptera) in lower Sind, Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 4 (6), 805 - 811.","Khatri, I. & Webb, M. D. (2010) The Deltocephalinae leafhoppers of Pakistan (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Zootaxa, 2365 (1), 1 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2365.1.1"]}

Naveed, Hassan, Shah, Bismillah, Sohail, Kamran, Zhang, Yalin (2020): Review of the leafhopper genus Stirellus Osborn & Ball, 1902 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of two new species from Pakistan. Zootaxa 4722 (5): 479-485, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4722.5.6

This paper investigates impact of two dimensions of brand equity i.e., brand image and brand awareness on the consumption patterns of h.al¯al/h. ar¯am products when the consumers are aware of the Islamic Work Ethics (IWE) of the entity or firm from which they are buying the product. The data were collected from 307 respondents through online surveys and self-administered questionnaires based on a five-point Likert scale. Correlation and regression analyses were carried out to examine the effect of the dimensions of brand equity on consumption patterns of consumers. The findings suggest that both dimensions of brand equity have a positive impact on consumption patterns of consumers as found by regression analysis. The moderating effect of IWE was tested by multiple regression for the two dimensions of brand equity and it was found that IWE of the branding entity increases the strength of the relationship between the dimensions of brand equity and the consumption of the consumers. There are implications for marketers and policy makers. They should keep in mind that Muslims prefer h. al¯al products and thus stress upon the importance of including h. al¯al branded products in their list of promoted brands. The main contribution of this paper is that it examines how the IWE of the chosen firm ultimately affect the consumption of h. al¯al/h. ar¯am products. The paper also provides managerial implications.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for a number of cardiovascular diseases. Proper management of hypertension may require both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Non-pharmacological interventions help reduce the daily dose of antihypertensive medication and delay the progression from prehypertension to hypertension stage. Non-pharmacological interventions include lifestyle modifications like dietary modifications, exercise, avoiding stress, and minimizing alcohol consumption. Nutritional requirements of hypertensive individuals can be addressed through adopting either the DASH diet or through traditional Mediterranean diet. These dietary guidelines promote the consumption of fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy products, and food rich in K+, Mg+2, Ca+2, and phosphorus. Restriction of Na+ intake has the greatest role in lowering the blood pressure. The DASH diet alone has the effect equal to that of a single drug therapy. After dietary modifications, exercise and weight loss are the second major intervention for hypertension management. Avoiding stressful lifestyle, depression, and anxiety also help to reduce elevated blood pressure. Minimizing alcohol intake also favors the blood pressure reduction. However, lifestyle modification is a dynamic process and requires continuous adherence. It is a multi-factorial approach targeting more than one intervention. However, 6-12-month lifestyle modifications can be attempted in stage-1 hypertensive patients without any cardiovascular complication, in the hope that they may be sufficiently effective to make it unnecessary to use medicines.

Formibelle vladimiri sp. nov. Sohail & Zhang Description (male). Length: &male; 4.6 mm (n=1). Coloration (&male;): Dark brown to black. Metope black, lateroapical margins yellow or white. Genae black, with yellowish transverse stripe below the scape. Clypeus black, rostrum dorsally yellow apically brown. Eyes greyish brown. Antennae black having whitish sensory plate organs on and near the apical lobe. Coryphe yellow with black markings. Pronotum black. Mesonotum yellow with black markings or spots. Tegmina reddish brown with distinct large bluish spot on each side, wing base and lateral margins black. Abdominal tergites laterally and genital segments black. Tergite III (below the elytra) dirty white or ivory, and VI���VII medially yellow or brown. Anal segment black. Sternites black except segment III which has dirty white or ivory posterior margin. Abdominal sternites IV���VIII dorsomedially with dirty white or ivory bands. Legs black ventrally yellowish or white. Metope convex centrally without keels, slightly concave near anterior margins of coryphae, longer than wide widest between antennae narrower towards clypeus (Figs 1, 4). Antennae long, short scape. Pedicel long tubular with short rounded apical process, flagellum long (Fig. 3, 4). Large compound eyes with relatively small nearly round area (callus) near base of antennae (Fig. 4). Rostrum reaching hind coxae (Fig. 4). Coryphe wider than long with black markings lacking carina deeply incised with strongly elevated yellow lateral margins, anterior margin convex posterior margin straight (Figs 2, 3). Pronotum wider than coryphe without keels extended transversely beyond eyes anterior and posterior margins straight. Mesonotum as long as pronotum without keels weakly grooved wider centrally, anterior margin straight (Figs 2, 3). Elytra short saddle-shaped reaching tip of fourth abdominal segment with obscure venation (Figs 1, 2). Abdomen centrally concave, posterior margin convex or raised (Figs 1, 2). Legs long not foliate with one lateral spine in basal one third and five apical spines on hind tibia. Tarsomere I and II each with two spines lateroapically, ventrally with short thick pad like structures. Tarsomere I twice the length of tarsomere II. Male genitalia. In lateral view, pygofer longer than wide; both anterior and posterior margins of pygofer concave in middle, wider in basal third (Fig. 5). Anal tube oval in dorsal view, in lateral view tubular, narrower anteriorly and tapering posteriorly (Figs 7, 5). Epiproct short (Fig. 7). Phallobase narrowing to apex in lateral view and looks like woodpecker head (Fig. 9, 10). Aedeagus with a pair of hooks directed ventrally versus latero-externally (Figs 8, 9). Genital style long wider in apical half, posteriorly convex at apex smoothly curved towards base. Anterior margin of style concave near base of capitulum with hump-like processes dorsolaterally. Capitulum of style very long conical, apically and laterally spinose dentated ventrally (Fig. 6). Female: Unknown. Remarks. Formibelle vladimiri sp. nov. is close to Formiscura indica Gnezdilov & Viraktamath, 2011 but can be readily differentiated by its convex coriphe, two distinct large bluish spots on forewing, oval anal tube (in dorsal view) and gonostylus with hump-like processes on dorsolateral margin under the capitilum. This species is also similar to Asarcopus palmarum Horv��th, 1921 in having convex coryphe but can be differentiated by carination on vertex; shape and spots of forewing; medially concave abdomen and male genitalia. Host plants: Unknown. Type material: Holotype: &male;, Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Swat, 35��13'21.76"N, 72��25'32.93"E, 2993.39 m, 5 vii 2018, sweeping grasses, coll. Kamran Sohail. Etymology. This new species is named after Vladimir M. Gnezdilov (Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, St Petersburg, Russia) for his valuable contribution to the taxonomy of the family Caliscelidae., Published as part of Sohail, Kamran, Usman, Muhammad, Naveed, Hassan & Zhang, Yalin, 2019, New Oriental genus in the tribe Caliscelini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Caliscelidae) from Pakistan, pp. 57-62 in Zootaxa 4691 (1) on pages 58-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4691.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3527071, {"references":["Gnezdilov, V. M. & Viraktamath, C. A. (2011) A new genus and new species of the tribe Caliscelini Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Caliscelidae: Caliscelinae) from southern India. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrif t, 58 (2), 235 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 201100026"]}