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15. Betulin-Based Thermoplastics and Thermosets through Sustainable and Industrially Viable Approaches: New Insights for the Valorization of an Underutilized Resource

Author

Curia, Silvio, primary, Dautle, Savanna, additional, Satterfield, Barry, additional, Yorke, Kelly, additional, Cranley, Cameron E., additional, Dobson, Brittany E., additional, La Scala, John J., additional, Soh, Lindsay, additional, Gordon, Melissa B., additional, and Stanzione, Joseph F., additional

Published
2019
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17. CO2 process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel.

Author

Yadav, Geetanjali, Fabiano, Leonard A., Soh, Lindsay, Zimmerman, Julie, Sen, Ramkrishna, and Seider, Warren D.

Subjects
ALGAL biofuels, FATTY acid methyl esters, OMEGA-3 fatty acids, CARBON dioxide, DIETARY supplements, ECONOMIC efficiency
Abstract

Algae‐to‐biodiesel processes are hindered by high costs and low energy return on investment.1,2. Herein, three foci in research improve algae‐to‐biodiesel processes by: (1) reducing high installation and energy costs in the CO2 sequestration, cultivation, and harvesting stages; (2) improving oil extraction and biodiesel generation; and (3) increasing utilization of the proteins in lipid‐extracted biomass (e.g., for animal feed), as well as the omega‐3 fatty acids for nutraceuticals and food supplements. A process is introduced that uses carbon dioxide to aid in all three of these foci. CO2 is used first in the form of microbubbles to lyse algae cell walls, releasing triglyceride oils. CO2 also aids with transesterification of these triglycerides using methanol. At low temperatures (353.15–368.15 K) and intermediate pressures (5–10 MMPa), carbon dioxide causes methanol to dissolve partially in the triglyceride phase and triglyceride to dissolve partially in the methanol phase, increasing the transesterification reaction rate. Due to the nondestructive nature of these processes, other metabolites can also be harvested providing improvements in both mass and economic efficiency with an overall sharp reduction in the modeled price of biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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19. Time-dependent life cycle assessment of microalgal biorefinery co-products

Author

Montazeri, Mahdokht, Soh, Lindsay, Perez-Lopez, Paula, Zimmerman, Julie B, Eckelman, Matthew J, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC )

Subjects
[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, life cycle assessment, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, fractional productivity, microalgal biofuel, co-product valorization
Abstract

International audience; Microalgae can serve as a highly productive biological feedstock for fuels and chemicals. The lipid fraction has been the primary target of research, but numerous assessments have found that valorization of co-products is essential to achieve economic and environmental goals. The relative proportion of co-products depends on the biomolecular composition of algae at the time of harvesting. In the present study, the productivity of lipid, starch, and protein fractions were shown through growth experiments to vary widely with species, feeding regime, and harvesting period. Four algae species were cultivated under nitrogen-replete and -deplete conditions and analyzed at 3-day intervals. Dynamic growth results were then used for life cycle assessment using the US Department of Energy's GREET model to determine optimal growth scenarios that minimize life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, eutrophication, and cumulative energy demand (CED), while aiming for an energy return on investment (EROI) greater than unity. Per kg of biodiesel produced, C. sorokiniana in N-replete conditions harvested at 12 days was most favorable for GHG emissions and CED, despite having a lipid content of

Published
2016

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