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This research aims to analyze the implementation of school-based management at SMK Negeri 2 Jambi City. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study approach. This research uses interviews and documents to collect data. There were seven participants in this research, including the principal, school committee, deputy principal for curriculum, deputy principal for student affairs, school treasurer, two teachers, and students. The results of this research are that the appointment of School Based Management at SMK Negeri 2 Jambi City has been carried out well. First, starting from planning, namely student affairs arrangements from student registration to various activities that can be carried out in the student affairs department. Furthermore, curriculum management and school teaching programs are given the freedom to develop the curriculum. Furthermore, financial management and financing can be seen from the orderly determination of the school budget, the existence of financial transparency. Second, the implementation of SBM for educational staff at SMK Negeri 2 Jambi City is good because they have expertise in their respective fields. Facilities and infrastructure management can be seen from the school's efforts to provide facilities and infrastructure, maintenance and development so that it can help the teaching and learning process run smoothly. Third, the financial planning evaluation is conveyed to the school community and the school committee by holding a parent meeting. Reporting on program implementation and finances is done by making reports

This study aimed to analyze the community structure of reef fish in the small island waters of Central Bangka. The research was conducted in March 2022 in the waters of Bebuar Island, Ketugar Island, Ketawai Island, and Gusung Asam Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The coral reef survey method uses purposive sampling and the coral reef fish visual census with data analysis of abundance, diversity index, uniformity, and dominance. In-site water quality measurements included six parameters: temperature, salinity, current, brightness, depth, and pH. The results showed that coral reef cover from 44.60 - 87.00% with the medium to very good category. The abundance of reef fish from 1 to 3 individuals/m2 was dominated by 18 species of the Pomacentridae family. The reef fish diversity index ranged from 2.47 to 2.90, including the medium category. The uniformity index value ranged from 0.79 - 0.94, including the high category, indicating that the species found were evenly distributed across all stations. The dominance index value ranges from 0.07 to 0.15, including low, where no species dominates significantly and the fish are evenly distributed. Temperature, brightness, pH, and salinity are factors that support the growth of coral and reef fish. A water current speed of 0.05 – 0.20 m/s is quite helpful in cleaning coral reefs from mud and can supply oxygen. Water conditions were categorized as good and fulfilled the seawater quality standards.

Abstract If policies are not thoroughly designed, technology integration may fail. As a result, users’ perceptions of technology, especially access to digital technology, are critical for technology integration in education. This study aimed to develop and validate a scale to model factors affecting digital technology access for instructional use in Indonesian vocational schools. The study also reports the structural model of the path analysis and tests of differences based on geographical areas. A scale adapted from prior studies was established, validated, and examined for its validity and reliability. A total of 1355 responses were measurable; partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and t-test procedures were applied for the data analysis. The findings informed that the scale was valid and reliable. For the structural model, the strongest relationship emerged between motivational access and skills access, while the lowest existed between material access and skills access. However, motivational access has an insignificant effect on instructional use. The t-test results show that geographical areas were significantly different regarding all involved variables.

Abstract Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) has evolved as a valuable model for understanding teacher performances in technology use in education to support pedagogy with proper content knowledge for the success of teaching and learning. Many self-report questionnaires have been developed for TPACK. However, limited studies assessed the extension of the questionnaires for a specific context. This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire scale to assess elementary school teachers’ TPACK and the Use of the Internet (UotI). We used the scale to report TPACK’s internal relationships and TPACK with UotI. The study measured whether the model reflects transformative perspectives concerning how the domains (TPACK and UotI) interact. The initial scale consisted of 43 items, validated and assessed for reliability through some procedures; face and content validity, pilot study, and measurement model in the partial least-square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The scale was distributed to 1100 elementary school teachers. Findings inform that 40 scale items are valid and reliable for assessing teachers’ TPACK and UotI. The significant relationships of all factors support a transformative view of the scale.

This paper discusses the determination of the reliability index of the power distribution system. The reliability of the power distribution system is strongly influenced by the duration and frequency of the disturbance, causing customers not to receive electrical energy. This reliability is measured by indices called SAIFI, SAIDI, and CAIDI. The method used to calculate the failure rate required to determine the reliability indexes are the section technique and Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA). The results obtained using the FMEA method are better results. Compared to PLN's SAIFI and SAIDI standards, the Malili feeder is still quite reliable, because its value is smaller than the PLN standard. However, when compared to the IEEE standard, this Malili feeder is not categorized as reliable because the SAIFI value obtained is still higher. While for SAIDI the value is still below the IEEE standard. To improve the reliability index of this feeder, it is necessary to add a protection component to localize the fault.

This study aims to provide an empirical report to understand the key predictors of Teachers’ Social Media Use during Corona Virus Disease 2019 (TSMU Covid-19). A survey instrument adapted from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was established and validated. The instrument consisted of two sections. Section one collected demographic data, and section 2 gained data regarding performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, behavioral intention, and TSMU Covid-19. The main data were collected from 1249 teachers from 3 Indonesian provinces. The data were computed through measurement and structural model supported by Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) in PLS-SEM. The findings informed that facilitating condition emerges as the strongest predictor of teachers’ behavioral intention to use social media during Covid-19 distance education. TSMU Covid-19 was significantly predicted by behavioral intention. The findings also revealed that demographic information significantly moderates the hypothesized paths.

Pengambilan minyak melati (Jasminum sambac) dengan metode enfleurasi telah dilakukan dengan memvariasikan waktu enfleurasi dan jenis adsorben. Metode enfleurasi dapat mencegah kerusakan minyak atsiri yang diperoleh karena dilakukan pada suhu rendah. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat jenis adsorben dan berat bunga yang tepat untuk mendapatkan minyak melati optimum. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan jenis adsorben (mentega putih dan mentega kuning) dan waktu enfleurasi (6, 10, 12, 16, dan 20 hari). Parameter yang diamati adalah rendemen, komponen minyak, densitas, aroma dan warna minyak yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adsorben mentega putih lebih efektif dibandingkan mentega kuning dengan perolehan minyak atsiri tertinggi pada waktu enfleurasi 20 hari dan jumlah bunga 230 gram dengan rendemen 8,69%. Perolehan minyak terendah dengan rendemen 5,21% menggunakan adsorben mentega kuning pada waktu enfleurasi 10 hari dengan berat bunga 115 gram. Komponen-komponen dominan yang terdeteksi dalam minyak diantaranya adalah linalool (8,82%), benzyl acetat (4,58%), hexyl salicylate (4,90%), 1-Phenanthrenecarboxylic acid (5,99%), versalide (3,14%), dan 3-phenyl-propenal (3,29%). Minyak melati yang dihasilkan berwarna kuning muda jernih dengan densitas berkisar antara 0,8821-0,8845 g/mL pada penggunaan adsorben mentega putih dan 0,8175-0,8675 g/mL dengan adsorben mentega kuning. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan rata-rata panelis menyukai aroma dan warna pada minyak melati pada perlakuan waktu enfleurasi 6, 10, dan 12 hari dengan tingkat kesukaan panelis 100% suka

A water quality monitoring system in hydroponics with a Total Dissolved Solid Sensor (TDS) equipped with the Arduino UNO microcontroller has been developed. The TDS SEN0244 sensor read the water sensitivity, which will display the value of the reading on the LCD. Furthermore, if the output is less than 2.30 Volts or 1000 ppm, the buzzer will sound once, and the dosing pump will rotate to automatically add nutrients A and B. The buzzer will sound twice if the output is more than 2.40 Volts or 1200 ppm. When reading the sensitivity of water (well water) with a water value of 400 ppm, the relevant results were obtained, namely, 1000 - 1200 ppm when 4 - 5 mL of the nutrient solution was added to water with a capacity of fewer than 6 liters. The appropriate value was obtained when testing the TDS sensor on several water samples. However, in the salt and soapy water samples, the voltage value reading was unstable or experienced an error. Implementing this system is expected to make it easier for the community, especially farmers, to cultivate hydroponic plants.

This study aimed to obtain the composition of biochar as a soil enhancer and mycorrhizal dose, which affected the nutrient uptake of cayenne plants. This experimental research was based on a separate plot design (RPT) with a basic randomized block design (RCBD). The main plot experiment was vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza or VAM (m) with three levels: mycorrhiza 10 g/plant (m1), mycorrhiza 15 g/plant (m2), and mycorrhiza 20 g/plant (m3). The subplot is biochar composition as soil enhancer (b) with three types: biochar husk 50%+25% soil+25% sand (b1), 50% sand+25% soil+25% biochar wood (b2), and wood charcoal biochar 50%+soil 25%+biochar charcoal husk 25% (b3). Each level of the VAM doses factor is combined with biochar. These nine treatment combinations and the levels were repeated thrice, accounting for 27 experimental units. The results showed that the parameters of phosphorus uptake, potassium uptake, and fresh root weight had a positive and significant relationship to the percentage of mycorrhizal infections. The combination treatment of mycorrhiza 20 g/plant and the composition of 50% husk biochar+25% soil+25% sand, 15 g mycorrhizal dose treatment with 50% wood biochar+25% soil+25% biochar rice husk and 20 g/plant are the best treatment as a planting medium.

ERADICATING ILLITERACY OF AL-QUR'AN LETTERS ON RESIDENTS AND COMMUNITY OF SCAVENGERS AT THE FINAL WASTE DISPOSAL SITE (TPA) OF KARYABARU VILLAGE, PALEMBANG. The purpose of this community service program is to overcome literacy of the Koran in the scavenger community in the garbage dumps of Karyabaru Village, Alang-alang District, Palembang City. The method used The method used in this service is participatory action research (PAR) in the form of assistance in learning. Based on this service activity, it can be concluded that the ability of learning citizens to show an increase in writing and reading hijaiyah letters, this can be seen from the results of the evaluation at each meeting, namely: (1) the ability to write and read hijaiyah letters of learning citizens who are declared complete as many as 18 (90 %) and incomplete 2 (10%). (2) the ability to write and read changes in hijaiyah letters, namely 17 (85%) learning citizens were declared complete and 3 (15%) learning citizens were declared incomplete. (3) the ability of citizens to learn to pronounce letters correctly and fluently according to their meaning 15 (75%) learning citizens were declared complete and 5 (25%) learning residents were declared not complete, and (4) the ability of residents to learn to pronounce letters that were already marked with a long and short line according to the level in tajwid, namely there are 15 (75%) learning residents who have completed and 5 (25%) learning residents are declared incomplete.

The teacher is one of the dominant factors that is important in formal education. To improve the quality of education, one of the requirements is to improve the quality of educators, namely teachers. Teachers are part of a system that largely determines education. There are many things that improve a teacher's performance. One of them is teaching experience. With this teacher can have various kinds of skills, expertise and abilities needed in teaching and learning activities. Likewise, it will also be discussed with further education about teacher competencies. The time used by the teacher when teaching is still lacking in discipline, it can be seen that the compilation of class hours has begun, the teacher is still late in class. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship of teacher teaching experience with professional competence in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 3 Palembang. This type of research is a type of quantitative research. Data collection techniques are done by questionnaire, and documentation. The questionnaire was used by researchers to see how the teaching experience and competence of professional teachers is. The data analysis technique in this study used a t-questionnaire to seek knowledge about teaching experiences with PAI professional teacher competencies in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 3 Palembang or not. The results of this study are that there is a significant relationship between teaching experience with professional competence using the formula "product moment conversations" in Microsoft Excel, namely t-table 10.4157≥0.8597. Then the alternatives received in other words contained between the significance of teaching experience with PAI's professional competence at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 3 Palembang.

Front Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 11 No. 2 Desember Tahun 2021

Front Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 11 No. 1 Juni Tahun 2021

This study describes how the Workforce management evaluation at Adinda Parinring Makassar kindergarten is specifically the implementation of the management of the teaching staff. To obtain answers to these problems, the authors use three methods of data collection; Observations, interviews and documentation. In field research the author uses observation and interview instruments. Qualitative data processing and data analysis techniques that I use are; Data reduction, data discovery and data verification. The samples in this study were all educators in Adinda Parinring Makassar kindergarten. The results of the study show that the evaluation and follow-up of educators in Adinda Parinring Kindergarten are conducted regularly, ie every week and at the end of each semester.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mendeskripsikan tentang penanaman nilai karakter disiplin dan tanggung jawab. Metode penelitian ini adalah menggunakan penelitian kualitatif akan dianalisis atau disimpulkan. Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil pencatatan dari guru dan kepala sekolah dalam penanaman nilai karakter disiplin dan tanggung jawab. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu mengklasifikasikan, menggabungkan, menafsirkan, dan menyimpulkan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, peran guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam penanaman nilai karakter siswa adalah sebagai: 1) Pengajar, 2) Pembimbing, dan 3) Mengarahkan, dan 4) Mengembangkan wawasan pemahaman siswa tentang karakter disiplin dan tanggung jawab, 5) Berpartisipasi mengerakkan siswanya untuk mematuhi peraturan sekolah, 6) Memberikan contoh kepada siswanya untuk disiplin baik di sekolah maupun lingkungan masyarakat. Kedua, 1) karakter disiplin dan tanggung jawab siswa sudah ada pada diri siswa dari awal siswa mendaftar di sekolah, 2) Mengadakan sosialisasi, 3) Diarahkan, 4) Direalisasikan. Ketiga, Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam penanaman nilai karakter disiplin dan tanggung jawab ialah: 1) Lingkungan siswa, 2) Teman sekolah, 3) Masih ada guru terlambat datang ke sekolah, dan 4) Guru tidak masuk kelas hanya memberi tugas kepada siswa.

Beton merupakan salah satu bahan konstruksi yang telah umum digunakan untuk bangunan gedung, jembatan, jalan, dan lain-lain. Kelemahan beton sebagai bahan konstruksi adalah kuat lentur yang rendah dan sifatnya yang getas. Perbaikan kelemahan sifat beton tersebut bisa dengan menambahkan serat (fiber) dalam adukan beton. Bahan campuran beton antara lain yaitu semen, agregat halus, agregat kasar, air dan bahan tambah lainnya (zat adiktif, serat). Pada penelitian ini bahan tambah yang digunakan adalah serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit (STKKS). Tujuan Penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh penambahan serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit terhadap kuat lentur beton pada setiap variasi serat. Proses pengelolahan serat yaitu serat direndam dan dibilas menggunakan 10% larutan NaOH selama 12 jam kemudian dikeringkan didalam oven, panjang serat yang digunakan 40 mm. Variasi persentase serat dengan mengurangi berat volume semen di dalam campuran adalah 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. Hasil Kuat lentur rata-rata yang dihasilkan pada tiap-tiap variasi serat yaitu 0% (3,51 Mpa), 5% (4,18 Mpa), 10% (4,09 Mpa), 15% (4,53 Mpa), dan 20% (4,62 Mpa). Dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan serat pada campuran beton menunjukkan kenaikan terhadap kuat lentur beton pada titik persentase serat 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%, bila dibandingkan dengan beton normal (0%).

Abstrak Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 10 No. 2 Desember Tahun 2020

Back Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 10 No. 2 Desember Tahun 2020

Front Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 10 No. 2 Desember Tahun 2020

Abstrak Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 10 No. 1 Juni Tahun 2020

Front Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 10 No. 1 Juni Tahun 2020

Back Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 10 No. 1 Juni Tahun 2020

Front Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 9 No. 2 Desember Tahun 2019

Back Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 9 No. 2 Desember Tahun 2019

This study focuses on the position of the traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) as academic reference at Sharia and Law Faculty (FSH) and the Theology and Islamic Studies Faculty of State Islamic University of North Sumatra (Medan). The discussion will be elaborated into four problems of the study, namely: 1) How is the traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) as academic reference in syllabus?; 2) How is the traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) as academic reference in lecturers’ book teaching?; 3) How is the traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) used in teaching and learning process?: 4) How is the traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) as academic reference among students of Sharia and Law Faculty (FSH) and Theology and Islamic Studies Faculty (FUSI)? This study uses qualitative method with data collection which covers the interview, observation, and a documentary study. The data analysis was conducted on Miles and Huberman. The study concludes that the traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) was used as scientific reference in syllabus and lecturers’ book teaching. In teaching and learning process, the traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) was used as reference but many students did not read and understand it. It is due to their educational background commonly from public schools. In addition, most of the students used the traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) as reference in their thesis. Traditional Islamic book (kitab kuning) that was used as academic reference including tauheed, Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence), tafseer (exegesis), ḥadiṡ (Prophet Muhammad’s words), ‘Ulūmul Qur’ān and ‘ulūmul ḥadīṡ.

This research was conducted by treating edible oil industry wastewater used Multi Soil Layering (MSL) method. The MSL reactor was built from a 200x120x200 cm concrete basin. Andisol soil was mixed with sawdust and fine charcoal at each ratio 5:1:1 based on dry weight as an impermeable layer. The flow rate variations were 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 L/m2.day. The observed pollutant parameters were BOD, COD, TSS, oil/fat, and pH. The results showed that MSL reactor was effective to decrease the pollutant content of edible oil industry wastewater. The reactor could reduce concentration of effluent parameters below standard except for oil/fat parameters at high flow rates. In the effluent was found BOD 0.66-14.22 mg/L, COD 5-69 mg/L, TSS 9-26 mg/L, and oil/fat 2-9 mg/L. The flow rate had an effect on reduction efficiency of BOD, COD, TSS, and oil/fat but did not effect pH as all flow rate could raise pH 6.37-6.95 became pH 6.99-7.24. The lower the flow rate the higher the reduction efficiency. The reduction efficiency at flow rates 250 and 1500 L/m2 days for BOD were 99% and 86%, COD were 96% and 71%, TSS were 88% and 77%, and oil/fat were 80% and 60%.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengolah air limbah industri minyak goreng menggunakan metoda Multi Soil Layering (MSL). Reaktor MSL dibuat dari beton berbentuk bak ukuran 200x120x200 cm. Tanah andisol dicampur dengan serbuk gergaji dan arang halus pada rasio masing-masing 5:1:1 berdasarkan berat kering sebagai penyusun lapisan impermeable. Variasi laju alir yaitu 250, 500, 1000, dan 1500 L/m2.hari. Parameter pencemar yang dianalisis meliputi BOD, COD, TSS, minyak/lemak, dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reaktor MSL sangat efektif untuk menurunkan kandungan zat pencemar limbah cair industri minyak goreng. Reaktor dapat mereduksi konsentrasi parameter outlet sampai dibawah baku mutu yang distandarkan kecuali untuk parameter miyak/lemak pada perlakuan laju alir tinggi. Pada effluen didapatkan nilai BOD 0,66-14,22 mg/L, COD 5-69 mg/L, TSS 9-26 mg/L, dan minyak/lemak 2-9 mg/L. Laju alir berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi reduksi BOD, COD, TSS, dan minyak/lemak, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap pH dimana semua perlakuan laju alir dapat menaikkan pH 6,37-6,95 menjadi pH 6,99-7,24. Makin rendah laju alir maka makin tinggi efisiensi reduksi. Efisiensi reduksi pada laju alir 250 dan 1500 L/m2 hari untuk BOD adalah 99% dan 86%, COD 96% dan 71%, TSS 88% dan 77%, dan minyak/lemak 80% dan 60%.

Gambier is a potential plant in West Sumatra with production about 17,160 tonnes in 2014. It will be released about 4,290,000 L of unutilized wastewater from that production which is dumped around production area. The wastewater odor is acidic with pH of 3-4 and contaminating the surrounding environment. Tannin content of the wastewater is high enough so it is good to be used as a dye. The research objective was to utilize wastewater of gambir as a dye in some types of batik fabrics. Variations of treatment in this study were 4 types of fabrics: cotton, silk, viscose and dobby, and addition of mordant metal Al2(SO4)3, CaO, and FeSO4. The result showed that the color direction of the fabrics varied from light brown, brown to blackish brown. Viscose fabric provided the highest color strength, followed by dobby fabrics. Silk and cotton fabrics produced non significant color strength. The test results of color fastness to washing in 40°C, light, and rubbing were generally good to excellent value (4-5). Test result of tear strength when compared with fabric blank showed that dyeing with gambir not reduce the fabric tear strength.ABSTRAKGambir merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang cukup banyak di Sumatera Barat dengan produksi tahun 2014 sekitar 17.160 ton. Dari produksi tersebut akan menghasilkan limbah cair sekitar 4.290.000 L yang dibuang di sekitar area produksi dan belum dimanfaatkan. Limbah cair tersebut berbau asam dengan pH 3-4 dan berpotensi mencemari lingkungan sekitarnya. Kandungan tanin dari limbah cair ini cukup tinggi sehingga sangat baik untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna. Tujuan penelitian adalah memanfaatkan limbah cair gambir sebagai pewarna pada beberapa jenis kain batik. Penelitian ini memvariasikan perlakuan penggunaan 4 jenis kain yaitu kain katun, kain sutera, kain viskos, dan kain dobi, dengan penambahan logam mordan Al2(SO4)3, CaO, dan FeSO4. Hasil penelitian didapatkan arah warna kain bervariasi dari coklat muda, coklat sampai coklat kehitaman. Jenis kain viskos memberikan intensitas warna paling tinggi, diikuti dengan kain dobi. Kain sutera dan kain katun memberikan intensitas yang tidak berbeda nyata. Hasil uji ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian 40oC, sinar matahari, dan gosokan pada umumnya bernilai baik sampai baik sekali (nilai 4-5). Hasil pengujian ketahanan sobek kain bila dibandingkan dengan kain blanko memperlihatkan bahwa pencelupan dengan gambir tidak menurunkan kekuatan sobek kain.

Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) is one of main commodities in West Sumatra Province where most of the products are exported in raw gambier form. Many benefits that can be derived from gambier, but there is no diversify of this product. The research was aimed to use gambier as natural dyes in batik fabric and to see the quality of the batik that had been dyed. The study was conducted by varying the type of fabric (silk, cotton, and rayon) and the type of mordant or color fixer namely lime (CaO), alum (Al2(SO4)3), and ferous salt (FeSO4). The fabrics which had been dyed were tested color direction, color fastness of washing, light, rubbing, moreover acid and alkaline perspiration. The results showed that the color direction was brownish with different color darkness depending on the type of mordant used. The results of testing on color fastness were good to excellent averagely. In term of the type of fabric, from the three types of fabric used, silk gave the best result in terms of color fastness of washing and perspiration of acid and alkaline with average test results was good to excellent (scale 4-5). The use of different types of mordant had not given significant effect on testing of color fastness to light and rubbing. ABSTRAKGambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) merupakan salah satu komoditi unggulan Provinsi Sumatera Barat dimana hampir sebagian besar produknya diekspor dalam bentuk gambir mentah. Sangat banyak manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari gambir, namun belum ada hilirisasi produk ini di dalam negeri. Tujuan penelitian adalah menggunakan gambir sebagai pewarna alam pada kain batik dan melihat kualitas kain batik yang telah diwarnai. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan jenis kain (sutera, katun, dan rayon) dan jenis mordan atau pembangkit warna yaitu kapur (CaO), tawas (Al2(SO4)3), dan tunjung (FeSO4). Kain yang telah diwarnai dilakukan pengujian arah/beda warna, ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian, sinar, gosokan, dan keringat asam dan basa. Hasil penelitian didapatkan warna ke arah kecokelatan dengan ketuaan warna yang berbeda-beda tergantung jenis mordan yang digunakan. Hasil pengujian ketahanan luntur warna rata-rata adalah baik sampai baik sekali. Bila ditinjau dari jenis kain, maka dari tiga jenis kain yang digunakan, kain sutera memberikan hasil terbaik dari segi ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian, serta keringat asam dan basa dengan rata-rata hasil pengujian baik sampai baik sekali (skala 4-5). Penggunaan jenis mordan yang berbeda tidak memberikan pengaruh pada pengujian ketahanan luntur warna terhadap sinar dan gosokan.

Research on ion Cr(VI) adsorption by using adsorbent from waste activated sludge crumb rubber industry has been done with static method (batch). The samples were fresh activated sludge solid waste of crumb rubber industry and carbonized sludge continued by KOH activated. Parameter were studied including solution pH, contact time, and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. The results reveal that the crumb rubber industrial waste activated sludge contained high silica and alumina, there were 49.02% and 16.498% respectively, so it can be used as an adsorbent. The adsorbent exhibited good adsorption potential at pH 1 for the KOH activated sludge adsorbent and pH 2 for the fresh sludge adsorbent, with 120 minutes optimum contact time and 70 mg/L initial concentration for each adsorbent type. Adsorption data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacities of 2.075 mg/g and 2.232 mg/g for KOH activated sludge adsorbent and fresh sludge adsorbent respectively.ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang adsorbsi ion Cr(VI) dengan menggunakan adsorben dari limbah padat lumpur aktif industri crumb rubber telah dilakukan dengan metode statis (batch). Sampel yang digunakan adalah limbah padat lumpur aktif industri crumb rubber segar dan lumpur yang dikarbonisasi serta diaktivasi dengan KOH. Parameter yang dipelajari yaitu pH awal larutan, waktu kontak, dan konsentrasi ion Cr(VI). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa limbah padat lumpur aktif industri crumb rubber mengandung silika dan alumina yang tinggi yaitu 49,0% dan 16,5%, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben. pH optimum adsorben untuk lumpur diaktivasi yaitu pada pH 1 dan lumpur segar pada pH 2. Waktu kontak optimum yaitu 120 menit dan konsentrasi ion Cr(VI) optimum 70 mg/L untuk masing-masing adsorben. Data sesuai dengan isotherm Langmuir dengan kapasitas serapan maksimum terhadap ion Cr(VI) 2,075 mg/g untuk adsorben lumpur diaktivasi dengan KOH dan 2,232 mg/g untuk adsorben lumpur segar.

Front Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 9 No. 1 Juni Tahun 2019

Back Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 9 No. 1 Juni Tahun 2019

Natural dyes re-extraction of raw gambier was used as a dye on cotton yarn. Al2 (SO4)3, FeSO4 and CaO was used as a mordant with post-mordanting method. Dyeing process was done through a few stages; re-extracting of raw gambier, bleaching of cotton yarn, dyeing with gambier solution extract, mordanting with post-mordanting method, and finishing. Dyeing process was carried out at temperature of 30, 50, and 70⁰C with dyeing time 5, 15, and 25 minutes. Analysis of tannin content and particle size was conducted on raw gambier, gambier solution extract and remaining of dyeing solution. Cotton yarn which had been dyed with extracts of gambier evaluated its tensile strength, elongation, shrink yarn, intensity, color direction, and color fastness. The result showed that the hidhest color streght was obtained at 70⁰C dyeing and 25 minutes dyeing time using CaO mordant. Color fastness to 40⁰C washing with the use of CaO modant was good (4). The value of rubbing and light fastness was good until very good (4-5) for all treatments. All treatments with the same mordant shown to have similar of color direction visually, however quantitatively each of sample had a different significant on intensity and direction of colors.ABSTRAKPewarna alam gambir digunakan sebagai pewarna pada benang katun melalui ekstraksi ulang dari gambir asalan. Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4 dan CaO digunakan sebagai mordan dengan metoda pasca mordanting. Proses pencelupan dilakukan melalui tahapan; ekstraksi ulang gambir asalan, pengelantangan benang katun, pencelupan dengan larutan ekstrak gambir, pemordanan dengan metoda pasca mordanting, dan finishing. Proses pencelupan dilakukan pada suhu 30, 50 dan 70⁰C dengan lama pencelupan 5, 15 dan 25 menit. Analisis kadar tanin dan ukuran partikel dilakukan terhadap gambir asalan, larutan ekstrak gambir dan larutan sisa pencelupan. Benang katun yang telah diwarnai dengan ekstrak gambir dievaluasi kekuatan tarik, mulur, mengkeret benang, intensitas, corak dan ketahanan luntur warnanya. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa intensitas warna tertinggi terdapat pada pencelupan 70⁰C dan waktu pencelupan 25 menit dengan menggunakan mordan CaO. Ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian 40⁰C dengan penggunaan mordan CaO bernilai baik (4). Nilai ketahanan luntur warna terhadap penyeterikaan dan sinar matahari adalah baik sampai sangat baik (4-5) untuk semua pelakuan. Semua perlakuan dengan mordan yang sama terlihat mempunyai arah warna yang sama secara visual, namun secara kuantitatif masing-masing memiliki perbedaan intensitas dan arah warna yang cukup signifikan.

This study aims to elaborate the structural model of factors affecting access to digital technology in the context of vocational school teachers (VSTs) based on their geographical areas (urban and suburban). We used surveys for data collection; the instrument was translated, piloted, and validated. For the analysis, we utilized two partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) main procedures, measurement, and structural model. Effect sizes (f[superscript 2]) and coefficient determination (R[superscript 2]) supported the relationship assessment of the structural model. The validity and reliability of the scale (urban and suburban) were valid and reliable based on the measurement model. Nine significant relationships were confirmed, perceived by urban and suburban teachers respectively. Meanwhile, one hypothesis was rejected. Urban teachers perceived stronger correlations than suburban teachers. By elaborating on the proposed model's path analyses, this research can enhance the understanding of access to digital technology, especially in the context of vocational education in developing countries.

Gambier is an extract obtained from heat extraction of leaves and twigs of gambier plant followed by compression, sedimentation, and the formed paste is moulded and then dried. According to West Sumatra in figures, total production of gambier in West Sumatera in 2012 reached 14,220 tons. From the amount would be produced approximately 5,688,000 liters of liquid waste per year. The gambier waste is a by product of gambier production process which is untapped. High tannin content in the liquid waste is a dye that can be used as a textiles dye. The purpose of the research was to utilize liquid waste from gambier production process to dye silk and cotton fabrics with liquid waste treatment which was not stabilized or stabilized with mordant lime (CaCO3), alum Al2(SO4)3, and tunjung (FeSO4). The results of the research showed that dyeing with liquid waste by using different mordant would generate different colors. Silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with waste, whether stabilized or not stabilized and mordanted with lime, alum, and tunjung generated a reddish brown color, bright yellow, and moss green respectively. When compared between silk and cotton, color absorption on silk was better. It could be seen from the darker color for the same treatment. The analysis results of color fastness to washing 40°C, the bright day light, and heat pressing generally ranged between good to excellent (scale 4-5).ABSTRAKGambir adalah getah yang diperoleh dari ekstraksi panas daun dan ranting tanaman gambir yang diikuti pengempaan, sedimentasi, dan pasta yang terbentuk dicetak lalu dikeringkan. Menurut Sumatera Barat dalam angka, total produksi gambir Sumatera Barat selama tahun 2012 mencapai 14.220 ton. Dari jumlah tersebut akan dihasilkan lebih kurang 5.688.000 liter limbah cair per tahun. Limbah gambir merupakan hasil samping dari proses produksi gambir yang belum dimanfaatkan. Kandungan tanin yang tinggi dalam limbah cair ini merupakan bahan pewarna yang dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna tekstil. Tujuan penelitian adalah memanfaatkan limbah cair proses produksi gambir untuk pewarna kain sutera dan kain katun dengan perlakuan limbah cair yang tidak distabilkan dan yang distabilkan dengan mordan kapur (CaCO3), tawas Al2(SO4)3, dan tunjung (FeSO4). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencelupan dengan limbah cair menggunakan mordan yang berbeda menghasilkan warna yang berbeda pula. Kain sutera dan katun yang diwarnai dengan limbah, baik yang tidak distabilkan ataupun yang distabilkan menghasilkan warna coklat kemerahan untuk yang dimordan dengan kapur, kuning cerah untuk yang dimordan dengan tawas, dan hijau lumut yang dimordan dengan tunjung. Bila dibandingkan antara sutera dan katun, maka penyerapan warna pada sutera lebih baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari warna yang lebih tua untuk perlakuan yang sama. Hasil pengujian ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian 40oC, terhadap sinar terang hari, dan terhadap penekanan panas umumnya berkisar antara baik sampai dengan baik sekali (skala 4-5).

Front Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 8 No. 1 Juni Tahun 2018

Back Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 8 No. 1 Juni Tahun 2018

Back Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 7 No. 2 Desember Tahun 2017

Front Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 7 No. 2 Desember Tahun 2017

Fuel crisis of oil and gas that are faced currently requires a thought to look for an alternative energy. The objective of this study was to observe the effect of organic waste addition on reactor performance and to increase the production of biogas as an alternative renewable energy. The wastewater used was the wastewater from agglomeration of soy pulp in tofu industry, while the solid waste used was a mixture of organic waste from household and market waste. The study was conducted by fermenting the wastewater and organic waste together with sample volume 300 ml. The reactors were operated semi-continuously with substrate feeding every two weeks. The treatment used in this study were mass comparison of organic waste and wastewater (0:100)%; (5:95)%; (10:90)%; (20:80)%; (30:70)%; and (40:60)%. The results showed that the addition of organic waste affected the reactor performance and the amount of biogas produced. Anaerobic co-fermentation of wastewater from tofu industry and organic waste produced biogas more than fermentation of wastewater without organic waste. The highest amount of biogas was obtained in the treatment of organic waste addition as much as 30% with average volume of biogas was 728 ml in steady state condition.ABSTRAKKrisis bahan bakar minyak dan gas yang dihadapi saat ini memerlukan pemikiran untuk mencari energi alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengaruh penambahan sampah organik terhadap kinerja reaktor anaerobik dan meningkatkan produksi biogas sebagai salah satu energi alternatif terbarukan. Limbah cair yang digunakan adalah limbah cair dari penggumpalan bubur kedelai pada industri tahu, sedangkan sampah organik yang digunakan adalah gabungan sampah organik dari rumah tangga dan sampah pasar. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mendigestasi limbah cair industri tahu dan sampah organik secara bersama-sama dalam reaktor anaerobik dengan volume sampel 300 ml. Reaktor dioperasikan secara semi kontinyu dengan pengumpanan substrat setiap dua minggu sekali. Perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah perbandingan massa sampah organik dan limbah cair yaitu (0:100)%; (5:95)%; (10:90)%; (20:80)%; (30:70)%; dan (40:60)%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan sampah organik mempengaruhi kinerja reaktor dan jumlah biogas yang dihasilkan. Fermentasi anaerobik limbah cair industri tahu dan sampah organik menghasilkan biogas lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan fermentasi limbah cair industri tahu tanpa sampah organik. Jumlah biogas terbanyak diperoleh pada perlakuan penambahan sampah organik 30% dengan volume biogas rata-rata 728 ml pada kondisi tunak.

Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb) contains tannin compounds that can be used as a dye for textile products. Tannins are complex compounds in plant tissues when reacted with certain metal ions will form a specific colour. Result of strength and colour direction depend on dyeing condition and kind of fixator in fixation process. Purpose of the research to decide a right of dyeing condition and kind of fixator which were desired in order to produce colour variation, colour strength value, and a good colour fastness. The dyeing was conducted in hot condition (60-70ºC) in room temperature (27-30ºC) with fixator Al2(SO4)3, CaO,, and FeSO4. Result of the research was found a colour direction that was variative enough on silk fabrics started from yellow, golden yellow, brownish red, brown, moss green until blackish green. The optimum condition was obtained in hot dyeing (60-70ºC), kind of fixator CaO that produced intensity and higher darkness colour (K/S value) as high as 19.174 and colour fastness of washing 40oC, bright light and heat pressure was good and very good (4-5).ABSTRAK Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) mengandung senyawa tanin yang dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna pada produk tekstil. Tanin merupakan senyawa komplek pada jaringan tumbuhan yang bila direaksikan dengan ion-ion logam tertentu akan membentuk warna yang spesifik. Intensitas dan arah warna kain yang dihasilkan sangat ditentukan oleh kondisi saat pencelupan dan jenis fiksator pada proses fiksasi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan kondisi pencelupan yang tepat dan pemilihan jenis fiksator yang diinginkan dalam menghasilkan variasi warna, nilai intensitas dan ketahanan luntur warna yang baik. Pencelupan dilakukan dalam suasana panas (60-70ºC) dan pada suhu kamar (27-30ºC), dengan pembangkit warna (fiksator) Al2(SO4)3 (tawas), CaO(kapur tohor) dan FeSO4 (tunjung). Hasil penelitian didapatkan arah warna yang cukup variatif pada kain sutera mulai dari kuning, kuning keemasan, merah kecoklatan, coklat, hijau lumut sampai hijau kehitaman. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada pencelupan panas (60-70ºC), jenis fiksator CaO yang menghasilkan intensitas dan ketuaan warna lebih tinggi (nilai K/S) sebesar 19,174 dan ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian 40ºC, sinar terang hari dan penekanan panas bernilai baik sampai sangat baik (4-5).

Oil palm shell waste is a solid waste that is generated from processing of palm oil. This waste can be utilized as charcoal briquettes that can be used as an alternative energy to increase the added value. The research purpose to obtain charcoal briquettes of palm shell waste that technically meet requirement of fuel quality. The treatments of the research were carbonization temperature (4000C, 5000C and 6000C) and carbonization time (2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours). The charcoal powder was mixed with adhesive amylum 5% and moulded in cylinder form with diameter 3 cm and height 7 cm. The obtained briquettes was analyzed the quality consisted of water content, ash content, carbon content, volatile matter content, sulfur content, calorific value, density and compressive strength. Based on analysis result and data processing were found that carbonization temperature and time very significantly effected on the quality of charcoal briquettes. The best charcoal briquette in term of its calorific value was obtained from treatment of charcoal temperature 600oC and charcoal time 2 hours with characteristics of the water content 2.92%, ash content 5.83%, carbon content 7021.76 cal/g, density 0.97 g/cm3 and compressive strength 7.08 kg/cm2. This charcoal briquettes met the quality requirement for wood charcoal briquette according to Indonesia National Standard 01-6235-2000.ABSTRAKLimbah tempurung kelapa sawit merupakan limbah padat yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan kelapa sawit. Untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah, maka limbah ini dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi briket arang yang dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu sumber energi alternatif. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan briket arang tempurung kelapa sawit yang secara teknis dapat memenuhi persyaratan kualitas bahan bakar. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu suhu pengarangan (400OC, 500O C dan 600OC) dan waktu pengarangan (2 jam, 3 jam, dan 4 jam). Arang serbuk dicampur dengan perekat amylum 5% dan dicetak berbentuk silinder dengan diameter 3 cm dan tinggi 7 cm. Briket yang dihasilkan dianalisis mutunya yang meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, kadar karbon, kadar zat terbang, kadar sulfur, nilai kalor, kerapatan dan kekuatan tekan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pengolahan data diperoleh bahwa suhu dan waktu pengarangan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kualitas briket arang. Briket arang yang terbaik ditinjau dari nilai kalornya diperoleh dari perlakuan suhu pengarangan 600oC dan waktu pengarangan 2 jam dengan karakteristik kadar air 2,92%; kadar abu 5,83%; kadar karbon 72,93%; kadar zat terbang 18,31%; kadar sulfur negatif; nilai kalor 7021,76 kal/g; kerapatan 0,97 g/cm3 dan kekuatan tekan 7,08 kg/cm2. Produk briket arang ini memenuhi syarat mutu briket arang kayu sesuai Standar Nasional Indonesia 01-6235-2000.

This study was aimed to explore ornaments on the Traditional Acehnese House (TAH) in Banda Aceh. Data were obtained by direct survey and interview methods to TAH and owners, carpenters, and community leaders. Secondary data were obtained from literatures, manuscripts, and museums. Ornaments on the TAH are dominated by elements from flora more than fauna. Other ornaments are dominated by clouds, stars, mountains, curved lines, straight lines and geometry. Few numbers of ornaments from fauna were also influenced by the Islam regulation.