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The urban railway in the City of Banda Aceh and the surrounding areas is currently being proposed by the Aceh Provincial Government through the Department of Transportation of Indonesia. The presence of this rail transport mode is expected to change the travel behavior of the commuter. As such, people who use private vehicles may shift to public transport mode, thereby reducing congestion, noise, and pollution. The objective of this study is to determine factors and indicators—related to rail transport—that are important to the community. This study was conducted to provide information on the urban railway planning of the City of Banda Aceh. The principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized in this study. The results analysis of the study shows that the most significant variable influencing the public on the urban railway for Banda Aceh City is land use (19.09%). The indicator that is important to the community under the land use factor includes the property used as railway (0.911), land use used as railway (0.907), adjacent land used as railway infrastructure (0.876), and adjacent property used as railway infrastructure (0.861). Overall, the respondents positively perceived the urban railway planning of Banda Aceh City and accepted the city's rail transport plan.

Lhokseumawe City has several roads, including: Medeka Street, Trade Street, Suka Ramai Street and others. This road is one of the local roads with a length of 0.56 km which has an important role in supporting the development of the trade and services sector in the region. However, improper use of parking spaces and street vendors causes traffic jams along most of the road. This research was conducted to find out how much the influence of side obstacles that cause disruption of road traffic flow so that the performance of the road is not in accordance with the requirements. This road performance analysis uses the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI) method, Permen PU No. 19 of 2011 and Permen No. 34 of 2006 concerning roads. There are two data needed in this research, primary data and secondary data, primary data needed are side barriers, data recorded on observations are pedestrians (PK), vehicle parking (PK), In and out of vehicles (KM) and vehicles running slow (TOS). While for secondary data the data needed is a location map, Qanun number 1 of 2014 concerning the Regional Spatial Planning (RT / RW) of Lhokseumawe City. From data collection and processing for three days, namely Sunday, Monday and Thursday, the highest data was obtained on Monday, 10 September 2018 at 17:30 - 18:30 West Indonesia Time, namely the side barriers on all observation days were very high.

This study aims to determine the level of awareness of workers and project personnel, that is, Company Employees, Supervision Consultants, and Owner and analyze the application of OSHMS in the project of Preservation and Road Widening Project of Takengon City Road - SP. Uning - Uwaq. Data analysis was carried out based on indicators that were grouped into 5 (five) OSHMS dimensions and data processing techniques were carried out by observation and 2 (two) questionnaire stages, that is, questionnaire stage l (one) with direct interviews (open) addressed to key informants and questionnaires 2 (two) directed to all Personnel on the project location. It shows that the majority of human resources at the project location have implemented the OSHMS in accordance with the stipulated provisions and project personnel have been excellent, namely 91.6% of respondents answered the analysis based on the dimensions of responsibility and company commitment has been done, 92.5% of respondents answered that the analysis based on the dimensions of policy and K3 discipline has been implemented, 93.7% of respondents answered that analysis based on dimensions K3 communication and training had been carried out, 94.8% of respondents answered that the analysis based the dimensions of the inspection and investigation of work accidents had been carried out, and 94.8% of respondents answered the analysis based on the evaluation dimensions. It can be proven by the existence of various K3 programs, company commitments, APO Procurement, OSH training, health examination services, and Safety promotions that have been carried out at the project site.

Urban bus reform so-called Trans Koetaradja (TK) is regarded as a potential urban transport policy aiming at alleviating autos traffic congestion and mitigating highly private mode dependency in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The new bus system proposed by the Government has been operated since early 2018, and it remains free of fare services due to subsidy provide by the Government as the bus corridors have been expanded the budget getting escalating year by year. To reduce the burden of subsidies, the Government intends to drop monetary aid by applying full fare for the bus. However, declining the subsidy could affect bus ridership, especially low-income households whose captive riders may not afford the ticket. It hypothesizes that the travel cost budget (TCB) has significantly influenced the ability to pay for a particular household to afford the bus fare. The TCB for this study defines the maximum amount of money allocated by a specific family for their transportation within a month. Therefore, this study is aiming at exploring factors that effecting the households' transportation expenditures, taking into account household life stages (HLS) among TK' bus users. The use of revealed preference data obtained in 2019, the regression analysis of the ordinary least square (OLS) method, was used to calibrate and teste the exogenous variables across HLS. To simplify, the HLS in this study is segmented as early, middle, and established HLS. The distribution of TCB across HLS revealed that the share of transport expenditure on average to their monthly income had shared about 10-11 %. The finding from the OLS indicates that the variables of the female gender, monthly income, and the number of owned motorcycles have significant contributions to the TCB. The most significant finding is the impact of monthly income on the TCB across HLS. It exhibited early, and middle HLS has shown more spending share on income compared to the established HLS

The construction of medium and infrastructure of transportation has to be followed by the population growth. The trend to divide a regency / city into new separate one was perceived from the theorem of public welfare. This perception generates a big problem throughout Indonesia. Central Bureau of Statistics (2015) stated that the most populous city after Banda Aceh and Lhokseumawe is Langsa. Population of the city increased after the expansion in Langsa in term of motor vehicle. The congestion emerges at the peak hours, between 7.30 to 8.30 AM, 12.30 to 1.30 PM and 3.30 to 4.30 PM IWST. To anticipate this problem, the government of Langsa city in 2015 constructed a new road in the northern area, when the eastern area is not as effective since the width of the road is varied and it needs substantial cost for the construction. On the other hand, the existing road (national road) aquire longer travel time to access the office, education and shopping centre. Therefore, author was interested to observe these 3 (three) road, which generate a result stating that the time required to travel in the existing road is 1.15 hours and 0.03 hours in the alternative road for each one-way travel. The aimof this research is to analyze the benefit for road users by applying consumer surplus method and the public perception in terms of economy based on the Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC), saving of travel time and economic feasibility study based on Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Persen Value (NPV), Economy Internal Rate Return (EIRR) and sensitivity analysis.

Reuse of reclaimed asphalt pavement material (RAP) is an alternative which applicated for potential enough on the roughness of the road. RAP material can be reused by adding the asphalt and the new aggregate according of the mixture composition so that it is expected will be obtained the quality as planned. One of the efforts made in improving the quality of asphalt mixture RAP material is using a modified asphalt with additional material, such as styrofoam. The use of styrofoam into the asphalt is expected to improve the technical properties of a mixture. The purpose of this research is to know the comparative characteristics of hot mix asphalt (asphalt concrete) type AC-WC that uses RAP material with additional asphalt pen. 60/70 and asphalt pen. 60/70 substitution in the styrofoam by 8%, 10% and 12% against the weight of asphalt based on levels of asphalt left on the material. The initial stages of this study is to conduct an examination of the physical properties of RAP material, then manufacturing a specimen with variations of the addition of asphalt and aggregate new levels based on the job mix diesign (JMD) Bina Marga Aceh (2013). Based on research results, parameter values marshall on all types of asphalt mixture with new aggregate as well as RAP materials and the use of 100% asphalt pen. 60/70 additional or different types of asphalt on OAC has fulfilled the technical specifications defined by the Bina Marga (2014). Best stability values obtained on asphalt mixture using RAP material with additional asphalt pen. 60/70 with 12% styrofoam substitution on OAC JMD Bina Marga Aceh, that amounted to 3,308.72 kg, the lowest value stability retrieved on asphalt mixture using a new aggregate based on the results of Department of Bina Marga Aceh on OAC i.e. of 983.94 kg.

Background: Public Transport (PT) is commonly recognized as a valid transport policy to reduce car and motorcycle users in many developing countries. In emerging countries such as Indonesia, a city like Banda Aceh has not run-away from the influences of impecunious public transportation services such as insufficient quality of services. The need for public transport reforms in achieving efficiency and sufficiency is under consideration by the Government as a way to mitigate severe private mode dependency. Therefore, Stated Preference (SP) survey was conducted in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, where the so-called bus reform policy Trans Koetaradja runs under trial as a case study. This investigation looks at Banda Aceh citizens’ intentions to Trans Koetaradja bus reform policy in terms of the public approval. Methods: The questionnaires were distributed to the public within three lines of Trans Koetaradja. Utilizing psychometric data collected from SP survey, we construct four factors representing psychological determinants (i.e., appropriateness of the policy, private mode dependency, the consciousness of problem private mode in society, and inhibition of freedom of movements). Due to the characteristics of the methods for evaluating public’ intentions, we retain that this kind of unobserved variable analysis could be accomplished by applying multivariate latent variable modeling. Aims: This work aims to propose a Structural Equation Modeling of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (SEM-CFA) for analyzing the effects of citizens intents related to subjective an individuals’ indicators on the psychological factors that might abridge the judgments about numerous characteristics towards the bus reform policy. Results: The empirical findings show that some latent factors offer explanatory power for bus reform policy acceptance. Latent variables, including “perceived appropriateness of the policy” and “awareness of problem private mode in society” appear to be the most significant direct causes leading to the acknowledgment of the effect of the acceptance of the proposed policy. Conclusion: However, the effect of latent variables of “private mode dependency” and “inhibition of freedom of movement/less accessibility of the bus” reveals negative determinants to the acceptance of the policy.

This research is located in Takengon - Uwak City boundary section. The benefit of this research is to figure out the proper type of road construction for investment based on financial feasibility with respect to Vehicle Operational Cost (VOC), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The data used in this study was secondary data obtained from related institutions. The research method used in this research was economic indicators with two scenarios, that is; 1. Road improvement with no handling/ existing (Do Nothing), and 2. Road improvement. From the calculation results, it was obtained the price of construction and maintenance for each shoulder of the road construction, that is, the shoulder using Material Class B was IDR 5.493.388.958, the material class B shoulder with Geocel IDR. 4.946.201.289, and road construction using concrete IDR. 6.162.438.275. The saving of VOC produced was IDR. 23,006,00. The results of the economic analysis performed for the three types of construction with the Net Present Value (NVP) method resulted in Road Construction by Shoulder Using Materials Class B and Geocell is the best alternative to make an investment because it produces the largest NPV Value, that is, NPV=IDR 1,808,869,588,00. The highest BCR value is BCR = 1.49, with IRR value = 14.855%

The segmented road of Bireuen-Takengon has often damaged in apart of its pavement structure due to the area of flexible pavement structure taken place upon an expansive soil that leads to depreciation caused by the influence of changes in the water level. The aim of this research method was to analyze the characteristics of the base soil underlying the pavement and to analyze the flexible pavement structure in the widening of the road. The observed area was Sta.70+175 s/d Sta.74+925 which taken place in Bener Meriah regency, sub-district of Timang Gajah. The results of USCS clarification show that the road of basal soil is included in the MH and OH with a PI value of 25.42%, LL 64.25% with a potential level of development and activity belonging to the medium-high category and also having mineral types of Illite. From the analysis of KENPAVE software, the design of flexible pavement structures is based on data planning that has a maximum stress and deflection value, on the base soil, of 0.1814 kg/cm2 and 0.0585 cm respectively. Moreover, based on Job mix data the maximum value of stress and deflection is 0.2444 kg/cm2 and 0.0585 cm respectively in which both of two stress and deflections are within the allowable limit; which both of two stress and deflections are within the allowable limit; 7.8 kg/cm2 and 2.5 cm. The evaluation results of both data are feasible to be used as an improved design on the pavement as the pressure generated by the weight of the road pavement structure is 1.949 kg/cm2, while the swell pressure that occurs on subgrade is 1.805 kg/cm2. Hence, The flexible pavement structure on the road segment is still able to reduce the swell potential on expansive soil.

The good quality of road surface layers are strongly influenced by the materials used such as the aggregate composition, asphalt, and filler. Fine Aggregate from Jamur Ujung is a local aggregate that can be found in Bener Meriah District. It has not been utilized maximally due to its porosity and high aggregate absorption. This research is conducted to see improvement of the characteristics that can be done to the asphalt mixture using the fine aggregate from Jamur Ujung. It is expected that this aggregate is feasible to be used as an asphalt mixture material in accordance to the specifications set by Bina Marga. This research was conducted by producing test objects (specimen) to determine the optimum asphalt content using standard aggregate from Lepung Baleuh, Kuta Cot Glie, Aceh Besar District, then the test object with combination of standard fine aggregate mixture with fine aggregate of Jamur Ujung with the variation percentage respectively by 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% at 5.35%, 5.87% and 6.35% asphalt content in the mixture of AC-WC. The results of this study show the mixture that meets specifications that represent all Marshall characteristics is a mixture with substitution of 50% fine aggregate of Jamur Ujung at 5.87% asphalt content with a stability value of 1355.90 Kg. Results of this research also show that fine aggregate of Jamur Ujung can be used as road construction project especially for asphalt concrete work (AC-WC).

Transportasi merupakan salah satu sektor yang mengalami kemerosotan seiring dengan laju pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat. Kemampuan masyarakat membeli kendaraan pribadi menjadi penyebab ketergantungan pada moda transportasi pribadi di Banda Aceh. Keterbatasan prasarana jalan dan tingginya permintaan perjalanan menyebabkan kemacetan dan naiknya angka kecelakaan. Strategi handal yang telah berhasil meminimalkan dampak negatif kemacetan adalah perpindahan dari moda transportasi pribadi ke moda umum. Langkah ini telah ditempuh di Jakarta dan dipromosikan/diterapkan di kota-kota lain di Indonesia, termasuk Banda Aceh yaitu Trans Koetaradja (TK). Untuk memastikan kebijakan ini tepat sasaran bagi pengguna/masyarakat maka kajian dari bawah (harapan masyarakat) perlu dilakukan guna menangkap dan merumuskan informasi-informasi penting dari para pengguna Trans Koetaradja. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi masyarakat terhadap kebijakan TKdengan studi kasus pada koridor 1 (Pusat Kota – Darussalam). Metode pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah Stated Preference (SP) dengan jumlah 150 responden secara acak bertingkat ( stratified random sampling ). Kuesioner SP berisikan informasi tentang sosial-ekonomi, perilaku perjalanan, dan persepsi responden. Pemodelan yang digunakan adalah Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) yang parameter regresinya dikalibrasi menggunakan software Lisrel 9.2.Hasil model empiris menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan kausal yang signifikan antara variabel sosial-ekonomi, perilaku perjalanan terhadap laten determinan akseptasi publik kebijakan TK. Hasil menyimpulkan bahwa variabel laten sangat signifikan menentukan penerimaan kebijakan TK. Kata kunci: Trans Koetaradja, Persepsi, Indikator, Laten Variabel, MIMIC, Akseptasi Abstract Transportation is one of the deteriorating sectors along with the economic growth in the society. The ability of people to purchase private vehicles is a major caused of private mode-dependency in Banda Aceh. The limitations of road infrastructure and the increasing demand to travel caused traffic congestion and increasing in the number of accidents. A well recognized policy that has succeeded in mitigating the negative impact of traffic congestion is shifting their means of transport from the private mode to the public transportation. This step has been taken in Jakarta and promoted and implemented in other cities in Indonesia, including Banda Aceh, namely Trans Koetaradja (TK). To ensure that this policy is effective for the public, a bottom up study is needed in order to capture and formulate important information from TK users. Therefore, this study aims to examine public perceptions in terms of public acceptance toward TK policy, and taken corridor 1 (City Center - Darussalam) as a case study. The data collection method used is the Stated Preference (SP) with a number of 150 respondents collected by using stratified random sampling. The SPquestionnaire contains information about socio-economics, travel behavior, and perceptions of respondents. The modeling used is the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) whose regression parameters are calibrated using Lisrel 9.2 software. The results of the empirical model show that there is a significant causal relationship among socio-economic variables, travel behavior and the latent determinants of public acceptability towards TK policy. The results conclude that latent determinants are crucially significant in determining the acceptance of TK policy. Keywords: Trans Koetaradja, Perception, Indicators, Latent Variables, MIMIC, Acceptability

Most of the filler material is a natural product such as rock ashes that increasingly limited and possesses high economic value. The further innovations in filler substitute by using alternative materials are demanded such as waste saw dust to become economical and unlimited resources. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of sawdust and Portland cement as a filler over AC-WC aggregate mixture characteristics. Further, sawdust and the Portland cement includes as the substitution. The filler substitution sawdust and Portland cement respectively amounted to 75% ASK - 25% SP, 50% ASK - 50% SP, 25% ASK - 75% SP and 0% ASK - 100% SP. Moreover, the experiment produced Substitution of 6.1% KAO for 75% sawdust - 25% Portland cement, Substitution of 6% for 50% sawdust - 50% Portland cement, Substitution of 5.85% for 25% sawdust - 75 % Portland cement and Substitution of 5.31% for 0% sawdust - 100% Portland cement. The best resulted KAO found in 0% sawdust substitution and 100% portland cement with 5.31%. The high-grade stability value with 30 minutes of regular water immersion is 1300,38 kg within 0% ash of sawdust substitution and 100% of Portland cement. The lowest stability value with 30 minutes of regular water immersion is 1056.09 kg within 75% sawdust substitution and 25% of Portland cement. The sawdust and portland cement durability value accomplished the Bina Marga 2014 specification (≥ 90%). The ANOVA test proved the addition of sawdust and portland cement in the asphalt mixture affects the stability value of the regular water immersion.

Cause of occurrence damage and decrease of road pavement strength is low strength and durability in a mixed layer (AC-WC). To overcome this problem, it is necessary to improve the quality of road pavement in aggregate, filler, and asphalt composition. Filler serves to isolate the cavities between the aggregate particles so as to increase the density of the mixture. In general, the filler of stone ash has been used. However, it is important to find for other alternative materials which utilizing waste materials such as dregs of bagasse. The content of silica (SiO2) in ashes of bagasse is very high, 42.47%, thus it is expected to improve the quality of asphalt mixture. This study aims to determine the effect of using ashes of bagasse over the characteristics of mixed laston layer (AC-WC) with the addition of bagasse ash from 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. This study refers to the 2010 Bina Marga Specification Revision 3 Year 2014. The results show that the addition of ash of bagasse has increased stability value. In general, the characteristic values that meet the requirements are found in the composition of 50% filler ash of bagasse asphalt at 5.87%, VIM value of 4.61%, VMA 18.41%, flow 3.17 mm and stability is 1344 , 04 kg.

Cow Feces is alleged impact on damage to highways that can weaken the ability of the asphalt viscosity and cause small holes in the asphalt. This study, the substitution polymer used is a waste material Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) on the AC-WC which were soaked with cow feces. This study aims to determine the effect of immersion duration of cow feces on the durability of concrete asphalt mixture using asphalt pen. 60/70 with substitution grated PET polymer waste 5%, 7%, 9% with asphalt pen 60/70 weight ratio, as well as determine the effect of plain water immersion and cow feces with a variation of 30 minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours on the stability of asphalt modification with PET. The results, value asphalt optimum 5.52%, the best stability values without substitution with palin water immersion cow feces is 1136,49 kg, the best stability for PET on a percentage of 9%, is 2092,01 kg. The value of durability without substitution with plain water immersion is 92,64% by soaking into coe feces, the value of the durability of the PET percentage variation is 99,72%, and has met the prescribed Bina Marga specifications 2014 which ≥ 90%. The best percentage of PET polymer addition in this study was 9% because it has the best stability and durability value

here was an urgent need to accelerate the project duration in project MYC WIL.I-2C, however, inconsistent policy towards the predefined specification was taken by using 10% Buton Natural Asphalt Rubber (BNA-R), whereas the specification should be 20% BNA-R. The objective of this research is to compare the strength performance between BNA-R 1 10% and BNA-R 1 20%, compared to BNA-R1 0% (pen.60/70). The lab analysis was done in Jalan Raya Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. The method that were used are Marshall method and durability at optimum asphalt content by using wet method. The results showed that stability value of BNA-R without substitutes was 1164 kg, BNA-R 10% was 1440 kg, and the highest was found in BNA-R 20% i.e. 1462 kg. Durability value without substitutes was 105.17%, whereas, durability of BNA CR 1 10% was 101.14% and BNA CR 1 20% was 100.81%. All Marshall parameters in BNA-R with and without substitutes, including stability, flow, MQ, density, VIM, VMA and VFA were still fulfill the specification set by the Directorate General of Highways (Bina Marga) rev 3 in 2014 and interim 3 rev 2 in 2015.

Basically, aggregate is the one of pavement capacity. The determining of fine aggregate Sabang has low quality because the value absorption is 4.45% greater than 3%. The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of gum rosin substitution on asphalt penetration 60/70 with fine aggregate sabang for Marshall characteristics.The trial method is Marshall method by using dry process. Based on the research results the value of optimum bitumen is 5.87%. from the research result it can be concluded that if the greater value of aggregate then the weight from those type of aggregate is smaller so the weight of the type of maximum mixture become small, whereas the smaller value of aggregate porosity then the weight of the type from those aggregate is larger so that the weight of the maximum type mixture became much larger. The percentage aggregate variation (AHS 50%:AHI 50%), (AHS 75%:AHI 25%), and (AHS 100%:AHI 0%). The results showed the value stability is lower, when percentage of fine aggregate sabang more excessively. The best value stability is 50% of fine aggregate sabang and 50% and aggregate from Aceh Besar. The utilizing of value percent fine aggregate sabang that excess is poor in quality, because binding strength not efectif. One way anova show the value of density, VIM, VMA, VFA, Stability Flow and Marshall shows is F count is larger than the value F table and the value of sig. smaller than the value of , it’s means Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning is influential.

Better capabilities of a vehicle (higher speeds, larger payloads) allows freight operators to perform "transport efficiency" (carrying goods as much as possible in one way that will provide benefits). This problem affects the cumulative equivalent standard axle (CESA) plan, which will experience a shift (Plans of CESA are reached before the service Period of the construction ends). The study is located on the eastern route of Aceh Province, especially on Lambaro-Pidie border. The purpose of this research was to know the relation of vehicle load with time, how to design pavement age and residual CESA value, in the service lifespan (time) of construction (10 years). The data used in this study was secondary data obtained from relevant agencies. The method used in this research was descriptive by doing comparison analysis to the relationship that happened. The data analysis and simulation were conducted in 3 scenarios, where Scenario 1 refers to the design data, Scenario 2 refers to the actual average daily traffic and the standard axle, and Scenario 3 refers to the actual LHR and actual axle load (Weigh in measurement results Motion-WIM). From the results of this study, it is known to simulate vehicle loads with time, Scenario 1 is y = 1,0794x - 2171,3, Scenario 2 y = 0,4935x2 - 1987,9x + 2E+06, and Scenario 3 y = 0,8605x2 - 3466,3x + 3E+06. The result of simulation lifespan of pavement design and CESA value, it is known that pavement design lifespan has decreased on average by 3.5 years, and CESA residual value is 42,138,92 thousand ESA.

Puddle is one of the damaging effects that can reduce the quality of pavement. The quality of road construction with asphalt pavement is determined by its stability, flexibility, and durability which are the determinants of the quality of pavement. In this research, Buton Rock Asphalt (BRA) was used as an alternative to improve the performance of asphalt mixture that can be impacted by the mentioned determinants. BRA is Asphalt Buton type 5/20 grain Asbuton type which has penetration value 5 mm and bitumen content of 20%. The aim of this research was to measure the best percentage of BRA level from percentage of BRA substitution (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) as filler and Marshall mix parameter value of Pen 60/70 asphalt with the best BRA Substitution on immersion water with variation of immersion time 30 minutes, 24 hours. Based on Marshall test result with BRA substitution, percentage variation obtained the best stability at 50%, BRA percentage was 1450,78 kg, density 2,45 gr / cm3, VIM equal to 4,17%, VMA equal to 21,76%, VFA equal to 80, 86% and 2.5 mm of flow, and Marshall Quentient of 583.40 kg / mm. This suggested that the use of BRA as a filler substitute material at 50% percentage was the best percentage of BRA substitution with the highest stability value and it met the requirements of other Marshall parameters. The best stability value without substitution with a muddy water bath was 1098.95 kg, with the best BRA substitution of 1476.34 kg. This indicated that the use of BRA as a filler substitute material had an effect on increasing the stability value of AC-WC asphalt mixture to muddy water immersion.

Road infrastructure is very important and is a key enabler for the economy. If the road infrastructure was damaged or had various problems such as sliding, the movement of goods and passengers will be hampered and delayed to the acceleration of development in the local area. The landslide and movement of groundwater is a problem that often occurs repeatedly on some streets. Therefore, it is necessary to study the strengthening of the slopes at the bottom of the road construction with retaining wall. This study aims to analyze slope stability by getting numbers Safety Factor (FK). The analysis is used to analyze the stability of slopesusing the finite element method with the help of software Plaids, The scope of this review includes the calculation of slope stability at the national road from Banda Aceh - Medan Sta. 83 + 185 Mount Selawah. The results of slope stability analysis on the existing condition by using Plaxis software at the point of a review is not safe (FK lower than 1.25). Thus, it is done handling the retaining wall, installation of anchors. Based on the analysis of slope stability after being given the strengthening of the slopes with a retaining wall and the installation of anchors using Plaxis software under the influence of traffic load in an unsafe condition (FK lower than 1.25). Then additional handling is done by changing the angle of the slope so that the value of the safety factor (FK) greater than 1.25.

Flexible Pavement often experience an early collapse resulting from high temperatures and heavy loads in the field. One way to overcome the damage, by using added materials to modify the asphalt. In this study the added ingredients used were Buton Granular Asphalt (BGA) as an asphalt and aggregate substitution on AC-WC mixture and utilization of ash waste of palm kernel shell (APKS) as filler substitution material. The purpose of this research is to know the comparison of AC-WC mixture’s characteristics with and without BGA and APKS as substitution materials. The first step of this research was to examine the physical properties of bitumen and aggregate, then made the specimens for determination of Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) either without or with variations of BGA percentage of 4%, 6% and 8%. After OAC using the BGA acquired then OAC were varied to OAC-0,5; OAC and OAC+0,5 for subsequent test specimens with APKS filler and portland cement respectively 50% of total filler’s weight by Marshall method. Based on the result of this research, OAC value obtained in the mixture without BGA and APKS was 5,31%, whileeffective asphalt content value with BGA and APKS substitution obtained at 6,54% atlevel of 8% BGA. The Marshall’scharacteristic values using APKS and BGA tended to be better than those without BGA and APKS. Stability value of asphalt mixture without substitution was 1,602.84 kg while using BGA and APKS was 2,223.93 kg. Value of density, flow and VFA increased with increasing asphalt content in the mixture, while VIM, VMA and MQ value decreased. The durability value of AC-WC mixture with effective BGA was 95.90%, while the durability value without BGA and APKS was 92.76%. Durability value without and with substitution of BGA and APKS hadfulfilled requirement that was greater than 90%.

Growth and development of the city or region has implications for the increasing needs of the population. With the increase of population requirement, it will also increase the demand of travel in the form of increased movement activity of people and goods in a region or city, where the activity of this movement absolutely requires adequate transportation facilities and infrastructure both in quality and quantity. This study aims to determine the amount of time cost savings and operational costs of vehicles on alternative roads Krueng Meusagop-Teupin Mane. The data obtained in the form of primary data and secondary data. Primary data are traffic volume and speed data. While secondary data in the form of image data planning, location map, and cost budget plan data. Based on the result of the research, it is found that the operational cost savings of vehicle (BOK) if traffic flow passes Jalan Krueng Meusagop - Teupin Mane Rp 458 / vehicle for passenger car, Rp 1.723 / vehicle for bus and Rp 1.416 / vehicle for truck with BKBOK obtained in the 25th year is Rp. 1,009,412,291,578. while the savings of travel time value obtained if the traffic flow passes through Jalan Krueng Meusagop - Teupin Mane is Rp 21,877 / vehicle for passenger car, Rp 193.229 / vehicle for bus and Rp 24,048 / vehicle for truck with the value of time obtained in year the 25th of Rp. 993.214.592.528.Therefore, the construction of Krueng Meusagop - Teupin Mane Road is very feasible to be built for the achievement of regional development from isolation and also become an alternative way of society from the central region of Aceh if the road in Bireuen City will be congestion.

Lambaro - Batas Pidie is a highway that located in Aceh Besar District, and has important function as a national highway. This highway is connecting from Aceh Besar District to Pidie District, started from Ingin Jaya District to Lembah Seulawah District. There is pavement damage that needs overlay activity in the highway, so the pavement is needed to maintain. This study is performed to find the overlay thick of pavement by using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) and Benkelman Beam (BB) tools. Overlay thick design is based on Design of Overlay Thick of Flexible Pavement by Deflection Method (Pd T-05-2005-B). The segment of this study is in Jalan Lambaro - Batas Pidie highway, the data that taken is from the same point between FWD and BB. This is from STA 14+250 to STA 16+300. To design the overlay, this investigation need the testing result deflection of FWD and BB, then the value result is corrected. After the obtain corrected deflection value, the next process is calculating uniformty factor (FK), representative deflection (Dsbl ov), design deflection (Dstl ov), overlay thick (Ho), factor of overlay thickness (Fo), and corrected overlay thick (HT). The result of this study is the overlay thick from FWD and BB, it is 7 cm for FWD and 9 cm for BB. From the study result, the conclution is the FK value is under 30% and used overlay pavement is concrete asphalt layer with 2,000 MPa Resilient Modulus and minimum stability of Marshall Value is 800 kg.

The Babahrot - Blangkejeren road of a segment is one of the most frequently affected by a landslide due to its location in the range of hills in Aceh Province. The road is the only one facilities to connect between both cities, and it is the only one to access for crop trading as well other plantation. The impact of landslide causes disconnection from Gayo Lues to South West Aceh or vice versa. Therefore, it is necessary to study the slope reinforcement at the bottom of the road construction with retaining wall counterfort type. This study aims to analyze slope stability by obtaining reasonable Safety Factor (SF). The method used is Fellenius Method and combining modeling using the Geoslope software. The Fellenius calculation employed static seismic load. Meanwhile, the Geoslope Program utilized either with or without static seismic load. The static analysis was carried out based on Indonesian Seismic Zone map (2004) for 50 years (coefficient 0.229). The scope of the analysis was a calculation of slope stability includes calculating slope stability on STA 13 + 885. The result of slope stability analysis on the existing using gdry and gwet with the Geo Slope software both without and by using static seismic load on STA 13+885 is unsafe. Thus, handling the existing is needed. The counterfort of retaining wall is considered to use for alternative slope stability construction. The result of slope stability analysis using Counterfort has safety factor greater than 1,5, if additional handling is done by changing slope angle lower than 20°.

Economy of the community which will develop around the project sides that which on 7 sub-districts that are Simpang Mamplam, Pandrah, Jeunib, Peulimbang, Peudada, Jeumpa and Juli sub-district that are the area of superior commodity land on 7 sub-districts with surplus producer. The purpose of this research is to know how much benefit obtained from regional development and producer surplus of this road construction and and evaluate economic feasibility based on Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). Scope of this research is scenario which covers plantation, agriculture, and farm sector that guided by plan of spatial pattern on Bireun District in 2012-2032 and this research was conducted in 7 sub-district which is in construction plan site of road Krueng Meusagop – Teupin Mane. Scenario results for 20 years since the road opened (2020-2040) economic benefits and advantages gained on the plantation area is Rp. 790.074.000.000,-, in the agriculture sector is Rp. 753.843.376.000,- and in farm sector is Rp. 455.340.741.000,-. Based on the economic evaluation of this road construction with a 20-year analysis period is meet the economic feasibility standards on the discount rate of 10% BCR value is 1,32 and NPV value is Rp. 89.228.473.000,-, discount rate of 12% BCR value is1,06 NPV value is Rp. 14.409.843.000,-.while on the discount rate 15% BCR value is 0,77.

The Langsa City is connected to the Lhokseumawe city which is both of the city is the most strategic area for the central business and trading activities. To support the connection between the cities, the transportation infrastructure and public transport play very important role. In this case, jumbo minibus and terminal building are needed to evaluate to gain the better level of service public transport. Therefore, the goal of this study is to evaluate the level of service of the jumbo minibus as the most convenience to serve Langsa City - Lhokseumawe route by using standard service indicator approach. The data were collected using onboard survey and off-board survey. Collected data then use to analyze and assess the level of service of this public transport. Level of service assessment of public transport which used in this study refers to the indicators which issued by Directorate General of Land Transportation. The form of the level of service is consist of several indicator such as load factor in peak hour, load factor in an off-peak hour, travel speed, headway of travel time, services time, frequency, number of the vehicle in operation, waiting time for passengers, the beginning, and end of time served. The result from the analysis shows that the total value obtained from all indicators is about 20. Based on the Directorate General of Land Transportation approach is recommended that the level of service of the jumbo bus is in good criteria. However, some parameters are still classified as less good criteria. Thus, it needs to improve some indicators of the level of service by considering less significant criteria.

The addition of the existing heap on the ground interface will affect the ability of subgrade to accept the burden of the embankment and other charges on it. The inability of subgrade in accepting the load will result in a decrease in the vertical deformation and collapse. The analysis was conducted on the National Roads Banda Aceh-Medan KM. 83 + 135 of the Seulawah. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the brunt of the height of the pile (H Critical) have exceeded the carrying capacity of the subgrade. The analysis was performed by using Plaxis software. The implementation method used in the analysis based on the modeling of the pile height variations by reducing the height of the pile with a certain interval gradually until a critical height (H Critical) heap that causes the achievement of maximum decrease of 2.5 cm. The modeling result demonstrates that when the consolidation of the soil embankment on condition of Hheap soil = 6 m, Hheap soil= 5.4 m, Hheap soil = 4.8 m could able to reduce the height of the soil embankment by 10%, 20%, and 30%, and considered in an unsafe condition. While when the soil embankment consolidation reduce by 40% (H heap soil = 3.6 m) showing in a safe condition. This result shows that the forces acting on the pile-soil could not hold the load so that the interface is about to collapse.

The construction project has a target of either completion time or cost, as well as road construction projects. Projects that are delayed due to rework are at risk both to the owner and beneficiary if the project is a means and infrastructure used by the community. Rework greatly affects the performance and productivity of workers in the field. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine what dominant factors that cause the occurrence of rework and know the work that often the occurrence of rework. The research method is descriptive with quantitative technique. Samples were taken from the population and determined by using Slovin formula, and it obtained as many as 51 companies. Random sampling is adapted to select respondent that representing the target companies. The result of analysis shows that the dominant factor caused the occurrence of rework namely lack of control with the value of frequency index (FI) 0.80; weather (FI value 0.79); an overcrowded schedule (FI value 0.78); wrong decision (FI value 0,78); lack of field information (FI value 0.78); lack of knowledge of specification (FI value of 0.73); and less experienced workers (FI value of 0.68). Interpretation of scores sometimes got 6 factors of rework, for example, less equipment with a value of FI 0.49; design changes with FI value of 0.49; local conditions (project disruption) with an FI value of 0.49; number of overtime work with value of FI 0,47; detail is not clear with value of FI 0,45; and lack of constructability with FI value of 0.45. While the frequent activities of rework are the widening of pavement and road shoulders, granular pavement and concrete pavement cement, asphalt pavement, and a returning of minor conditions and work.

This study aims to measure the values of passenger car unit (PCU) at a four-legged roundabout based on the time occupancy data in complex traffic operation. Within mixed traffic, the PCUs are needed as a equivalency factor to convert various type of vehicles to a standard unit. The unit of PCU was used to determine capacity and level of service of specific the traffic condition. The composition of vehicles going through the intersection, mostly varies and each type of vehicles tends to have diverse effects on capacity and level of services. Consequently, a conversion factor from various vehicles to a standard vehicle is required. The data of this study was collected using a drone at the investigated roundabout at one of the major roundabouts in Aceh Besar, Aceh province, Indonesia. The method used was the vehicle's time occupancy, in which calculated from the average time required by each vehicle to pass through the roundabout area. The results show that the PCU values obtained is 0.16 for motorcycle, 0.59 for rickshaw, 1.07 for pickup, 1.91 for a medium vehicle, and 3.76 for the heavy vehicle. These results should be utilized for converting various type of vehicles into PCUs to estimate capacity and level of services, especially at the roundabout trafict. This results may be suitable to revise the Indonesian Traffic Code, named Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual 1997, and useful for ongoing national-level efforts to upgrade the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual.

Ownership of motorcycles as an alternative mode of choice is an affordable and economical increase along with the convenience offered by many dealers. However, there is no precise model to describe Vehicle operational cost (BOK) information of motorcycles based on the use of fuel oil. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of the speed of two-wheeled vehicles to the consumption of fuel oil based on the type of motorcycle (manual or automatic), determine the appropriate model and as reference data for transportation feasibility studies especially for motorcycle. The research conducted on the main road of Banda Aceh City with five different mean speed to reach 50 km distance. The result analysis is done by using SPSS program with linear or nonlinear regression. Model of the influence of the speed of two-wheeled vehicles to the consumption of fuel oil (BBM) based on the type of motorcycle for manual Y = 0,598 + 0,003X, for automatic that is Y = 0,427 + 0,099X-0,004X2 + 0,00003750X3. The result shows that the manual saw a tendency of linear increase for the use of fuel oil for each average speed. Motorcycle automatic is an upside trend that the greater the speed, the smaller the use of oil fuel volume, especially at the speed of 40 km/hour and 50 km/hour seen a significant decrease and increased at speeds above 50 km/hour. This study can be a recommendation to choose an efficient motor vehicle from BOK based on the use of fuel oil.

Krueng Aceh River which is flow passes the center of Banda Aceh city. Krueng Aceh River become an integral part for the growth and development of Banda Aceh City, which has a strategic role in support urban activity and has enormous beauty potential in shaping image of the city and improving the quality of open space in Banda Aceh City. Krueng Aceh river is an element of public spaces that can be a basis for development of waterfront city. In arrangement and development of riverside as waterfront city area is not running maximally and worried not accordance with the direction from Spatial Plan. The utilization of the space on the Krueng Aceh River is not well organized and maximal. This research purpose is to identify how to utilize the space of waterfront area of Krueng Aceh river on the Spatial plan of Banda Aceh City in 2009-2029, formulate a structuring optimization strategy and development of waterfront area of Krueng Aceh river as the waterfront city area of Banda Aceh. Method used is descriptive method with combination research approach (mixed method) where the qualitative data supported by quantitative data processing. Method used to measurement is Likert Scale also data analysis by SWOT analysis on the primary and secondary data. Results of SWOT analysis obtained three alternative strategies which are: 1) Issuing regulation in form of local regulation as derivative from the Spatial Plan of Banda Aceh City in 2009-2029 which reinforces riverside function of Krueng Aceh River to become waterfront area and implement it as guidelines and consequent, 2) Optimize the utilization of space on waterfront area of Krueng Aceh area by arranging and developing the area, 3) Improve management and control in arrangement and developing waterfront area of Krueng Aceh river.

The mountainous terrain with the road conditions on the slopes and the foot of the mountains that have a large service area and large slope of land when the rain of water overflows from the slopes of the mountains with a very large water debit flow and speed is high enough, the water flowing along the long road , resulting in disruption of traffic activity as well as damage to road construction and equipment. A large fold discharge and a high speed result in disruption of traffic activity and damage to road construction and equipment. This study aims to analyze the check dam spacing to minimize flow velocity to provide the required solution of road drainage in response to high flow velocity problems. The research used descriptive method for collecting secondary data and primary data as evaluation material, calculation refers to hydrology and hydraulics calculation system for open channel. The research was conducted on the road batas Kota Takengon-batas Bener Meriah. The results of the research obtained the average drainage flow velocity of 6,45 m/sec, the permit rate based on the material type 1.50 m/sec (does not meet the permit speed requirements), the drainage required installation xx. Average velocity after installation of upstream to downstream systems as a way to minimize a flow rate of 0,54 m/sec (meet the permission speed requirements). Abstrak: Medan bergunung dengan kondisi jalan yang berada di lereng dan kaki pegunungan yang mempunyai daerah layanan yang luas dan kemiringan lahan yang besar pada saat hujan air melimpah dari lereng pegunungan dengan debit air linpasan yang sangat besar serta kecepatan yang cukup tinggi, air mengalir mengikuti arah memanjang jalan, mengakibatkan terganggunya aktifitas lalulintas serta terjadinya kerusakan pada konstruksi jalan dan perlengkapannya. Debit linpasan yang besar serta kecepatan yang cukup tinggi mengakibatkan terganggunya aktifitas lalulintas dan terjadinya kerusakan pada konstruksi jalan dan perlengkapannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis jarak pematah arus untuk memperkecil kecepatan aliran untuk memberikan solusi yang dibutuhkan drainase jalan raya dalam menanggulangi permasalahan kecepatan aliran yang tinggi. Penelitian mengunakan metode deskriptif untuk pengumpulan data sekunder dan data primer yang dijadikan sebagai bahan evaluasi, perhitungan mengacu pada sistem perhitungan hidrologi dan hidrolika untuk saluran terbuka. Penelitian dilakukan di ruas jalan batas Kota Takengon-batas Bener Meriah. Hasil dari penelitian didapat kecepatan aliran drainase rata-rata 6,45m/detik, kecepatan ijin berdasarkan jenis material 1,50 m/detik (tidak memenuhi persyaratan kecepatan ijin), drainase diperlukan pemasangan pematah arus. Kecepatan rata-rata setelah pemasangan pematah arus sitem jarak hulu ke hilir sebagai cara untuk memperkecil kecepatan aliran sebesar 0,56 m/detik (memenuhi persyaratan kecepatan ijin).

Many materials for asphalt mixture are from waste that believed can be improved the pavement performance, such as stability and durability. The remaining polyethylene terepthalate type (PET) plastic waste which is used for plastic bottles of mineral water and second tires dust (STD) was the result of grated outer tires of the four wheels vehicle. The aims of this research is to determine influence of collaboration PET waste and STD into asphalt pen. 60/70 against Marshall test on AC-WC mixture. The first stages of this research is to determine the optimum asphalt content, then create the specimens without substitution waste and with collaboration substitution both of waste additive on collaboration percentage variations of PET 25% + STD 75%, PET 50% + STD 50%, PET 75% + STD 25% with Marshall test. From the research results obtained the value of stability without substitution those were 1602,84 kg and the greater results of stability value with collaboration variations obtained on percentage of PET 75% + STD 25% those were 1942,44 kg. The result of Marshall parameters value without and with collaboration both of waste such as stability, flow, Marshall Quantient, density, VIM, VMA, and VFB, still meet the requirements of Bina Marga specification (2014). The durability value without and with collaboration substitution were 93,82 %, and 97,13%. All of the durability value with substitution on waste percentage variation into asphalt had met the requirement of Bina Marga (2014), those were 90%.Abstrak: Banyak bahan material untuk campuran ke dalam aspal merupakan dari limbah yang diyakini dapat meningkatkan kinerja seperti stabilitas dan durabilitas. Sisa limbah plastik jenis polyethylene terepthalate (PET) yang merupakan bahan digunakan untuk botol plastik air mineral dan serbuk ban bekas (SBB) merupakan hasil dari parutan ban luar kendaraan roda empat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kolaborasi limbah PET dan serbuk ban bekas ke dalam aspal Pen. 60/70 terhadap uji Marshall pada campuran AC-WC. Tahapan pertama dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan kadar aspal optimum, selanjutnya dilakukan pencampuran tanpa substitusi limbah dan dengan campuran substitusi kolaborasi kedua bahan aditif limbah dengan variasi persentase kolaborasi PET 25% + SBB 75%, PET 50% + SBB 50%, PET 75% + SBB 25% dengan pengujian parameter Marshall. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai stabilitas tanpa substitusi yaitu 1602,84 kg dan hasil nilai stabilitas variasi kolaborasi tertingi di dapat pada persentase PET 75% + SBB 25% yaitu 1942,44 kg. Nilai parameter untuk tanpa dan kolaborasi yang dihasilkan berupa stabilitas, flow, Marshall Quantient, density, VIM, VMA, dan VFB masih memenuhi persyaratan spesifikasi Bina Marga tahun 2014. Nilai durabilitas tanpa substitusi yaitu sebesar 93,82% dan nilai durabilitas untuk substitusi kolaborasi yaitu 97,13%. Semua nilai durabilitas substitusi pada variasi persentase limbah ke dalam aspal telah memenuhi syarat yang ditentukan Bina Marga tahun 2014 yaitu ≥ 90%.

The cause of damage and strength reduction on highway flexible pavement is the low strength and durability on the wear layer. To cope with this problem, it is necessary to add some particular additive that can increase the asphalt concrete performance. One of the additional material that can be used are plastic. Stone ash, cement and fly ash has been commonly used as a filler in asphalt mixture. But these kind of filler was hard to get and the price were relatively expensive. The palm oil shell ash wich has a specific grafity greater than asphalt is expected to be one alternative. This research aims to determine the influence of plastic waste combination substitution into the asphalt pen. 60/70 and the use of palm oil shell ash as filler on AC-WC mixture performance. The plastic used in this research is polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene and polystyrene. The early stages of this research is to find the optimum asphalt content (OAC). After OAC obtained, then the specimens were mixed without and with the combination substitution of plastic waste as much as 2.7%; 4.7%; 6.7% against the weight of asphalt on OAC + 0.5% with and without the palm oil shell ash as a filler. The study results showed the use of plastic waste combination and the palm oil shell ash can improve the durability value. The highest value of durability obtained at 6.7% combination substitution of plastic waste, it was 111.36%, while the lowest value which found on the use of palm oil shells ash filler was 83.61%. The durability value of AC-WC mixture with and without plastic waste combination substitution had met the requirement, those were > 90%, while the use of palm oil shells ash as filler does not meet the requirements. Abstrak: Penyebab kerusakan dan penurunan kekuatan perkerasan lentur jalan raya adalah rendahnya kekuatan dan keawetan di dalam lapisan aus. Untuk menanggulangi hal ini dibutuhkan suatu bahan tambah yang dapat meningkatkan lapis aspal beton. Salah satu bahan tambah yang dapat di gunakan adalah plastik. Abu batu, semen dan fly ash sudah biasa digunakan sebagai filler dalam campuran aspal. Tetapi, jenis filler tersebut susah didapatkan dan harganya relatif mahal. Abu cangkang kelapa sawit yang memiliki berat jenis lebih besar dari aspal, diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai durabilitas campuran AC-WC menggunakan kombinasi limbah plastik dan abu cangkang kelapa sawit. Plastik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Polyethylene Terephthalate , Polypropylene dan Polystyrene . Tahap awal penelitian ini adalah mencari kadar aspal optimum (KAO). Setelah KAO didapat kemudian dilakukan pembuatan benda uji tanpa dan dengan substitusi kombinasi limbah plastik sebesar 2,7%; 4,7%; 6;7% terhadap berat aspal pada KAO + 0,5% tanpa dan dengan abu cangkang kelapa sawit sebagai filler . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan kombinasi limbah plastik dapat meningkatkan nilai durabilitas. Nilai durabilitas tertinggi didapat pada substitusi kombinasi limbah plastik 6,7% yaitu 111,36% sedangkan yang terendah terdapat pada penggunaan filler abu cangkang kelapa sawit yaitu 83.61%. Nilai Durabilitas campuran AC-WC tanpa dan dengan substitusi kombinasi limbah plastik memenuhi syarat yaitu > 90%, sedangkan penggunaan abu cangkang kelapa sawit sebagai filler tidak memenuhi persyaratan.