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30 results on '"Sofia Toniolo"'

1. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy outcomes of the Investigation of Levetiracetam in Alzheimer's disease (ILiAD) study: a pilot, double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover trial

Author: Arjune Sen, Sofia Toniolo, Xin You Tai, Mary Akinola, Mkael Symmonds, Sergio Mura, Joanne Galloway, Angela Hallam, Jane Y. C. Chan, Ivan Koychev, Chris Butler, John Geddes, Gabriel Davis Jones, Younes Tabi, Raquel Maio, Eleni Frangou, Sharon Love, Sian Thompson, Rohan Van Der Putt, Sanjay G. Manohar, Rupert McShane, and Masud Husain
Subjects: antiseizure medications, dementia, epilepsy, Oxford Memory Test, seizure, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Abstract Objective To assess whether the antiseizure medication levetiracetam may improve cognition in individuals with Alzheimer's disease who have not previously experienced a seizure. Methods We performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover pilot study in individuals with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease. Electroencephalography was performed at baseline and those with active epileptiform discharges were excluded. Eligible participants were randomized to placebo for 12 weeks or an active arm of oral levetiracetam (4 weeks up‐titration to levetiracetam 500 mg twice daily, 4 weeks maintained on this dose followed by 4 weeks down‐titration to nil). Participants then crossed over to the other arm. The primary outcome was change in cognitive function assessed by the Oxford Memory Task, a task sensitive to hippocampal memory binding. Secondary outcomes included tolerability, other neuropsychological scales, and general questionnaires. Results Recruitment numbers were severely limited owing to restrictions from the COVID‐19 pandemic at the time of the study. Eight participants completed both arms of the study (mean age 68.4 years [SD = 9.2]; 5 females [62.5%]). No participants withdrew from the study and there was no significant difference between reported side effects in the active levetiracetam or placebo arm. Measures of mood and quality of life were also not significantly different between the two arms based on participant or carer reports. In limited data analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between participants in the active levetiracetam and placebo arm on the memory task. Significance This pilot study demonstrates that levetiracetam was well tolerated in individuals with Alzheimer's disease who do not have a history of seizures and has no detrimental effect on mood or quality of life. Larger studies are needed to assess whether levetiracetam may have a positive effect on cognitive function in subsets of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Plain Language Summary Abnormal electrical activity within the brain, such as is seen in seizures, might contribute to memory problems in people with dementia. We completed a clinical trial to see if an antiseizure medication, levetiracetam, could help with memory difficulties in people with Alzheimer's disease (the most common cause of dementia). In this pilot study, we could not prove whether levetiracetam helped memory function. We did show that the drug is safe and well tolerated in people with dementia who have not had a seizure. This work, therefore, offers a platform for future research exploring antiseizure medications in people with dementia.
Published: 2024
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2. Apathy and effort‐based decision‐making in Alzheimer's disease and subjective cognitive impairment

Author: Bahaaeddin Attaallah, Sofia Toniolo, Maria Raquel Maio, and Masud Husain
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease, apathy, drift diffusion modeling, effort‐based decision making, resting‐state fMRI, subjective cognitive impairment, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract: Abstract INTRODUCTION Apathy is a significant feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), though its mechanisms are not well established. METHODS An effort‐based decision‐making (EBDM) framework was applied to investigate apathy in 30 AD patients, 41 SCI participants, and 55 healthy controls (HC). Data were analyzed using a drift‐diffusion model (DDM) to uncover latent psychological processes. RESULTS SCI participants reported higher apathy than AD patients and HC. However, informant reports of apathy in AD patients were higher than self‐reports and indicated significant apathy compared to HC. Both the AD and SCI groups showed reduced sensitivity to effort changes, linked to executive dysfunction in AD and apathy in SCI. Increased resting functional cortical connectivity with the nucleus accumbens (NA) was associated with higher apathy in SCI. DISCUSSION These results highlight a similar disruption of EBDM in AD and SCI, differentially related to executive functioning in AD and apathy in SCI. Highlights This is the first study investigating apathy using an effort‐based decision‐making (EBDM) framework in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). Self‐reports underestimate apathy in AD patients when compared to informant reports and healthy controls (HC). SCI participants, in whom self and informant reports were more concordant, also showed higher degrees of apathy. Both AD and SCI groups showed reduced sensitivity to effort. Reduced sensitivity to effort correlates with executive dysfunction in AD and apathy, but not depression, in SCI. Increased nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum) connectivity with the frontoparietal network was associated with higher apathy scores in SCI. The results thus suggest that while AD and SCI can have similar deficits in EBDM, these deficits correlate with distinct clinical manifestations: executive dysfunction in AD and apathy in SCI.
Published: 2024
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3. Relationship of plasma biomarkers to digital cognitive tests in Alzheimer's disease

Author: Sofia Toniolo, Sijia Zhao, Anna Scholcz, Benazir Amein, Akke Ganse‐Dumrath, Amanda J. Heslegrave, Sian Thompson, Sanjay Manohar, Henrik Zetterberg, and Masud Husain
Subjects: cognition, dementia, memory, online testing, phosphorylated tau, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract: Abstract INTRODUCTION A major limitation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research is the lack of the ability to measure cognitive performance at scale—robustly, remotely, and frequently. Currently, there are no established online digital platforms validated against plasma biomarkers of AD. METHODS We used a novel web‐based platform that assessed different cognitive functions in AD patients (N = 46) and elderly controls (N = 53) who were also evaluated for plasma biomarkers (amyloid beta 42/40 ratio, phosphorylated tau ([p‐tau]181, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light chain). Their cognitive performance was compared to a second, larger group of elderly controls (N = 352). RESULTS Patients with AD were significantly impaired across all digital cognitive tests, with performance correlating with plasma biomarker levels, particularly p‐tau181. The combination of p‐tau181 and the single best‐performing digital test achieved high accuracy in group classification. DISCUSSION These findings show how online testing can now be deployed in patients with AD to measure cognitive function effectively and related to blood biomarkers of the disease. Highlights This is the first study comparing online digital testing to plasma biomarkers. Alzheimer's disease patients and two independent cohorts of elderly controls were assessed. Cognitive performance correlated with plasma biomarkers, particularly phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)181. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain, and less so the amyloid beta 42/40 ratio, were also associated with performance. The best cognitive metric performed at par to p‐tau181 in group classification.
Published: 2024
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4. Editorial: The role of the cerebellum in dementia and neurodegenerative diseases

Author: Sofia Toniolo, Iolanda Pisotta, and Mario Manto
Subjects: cerebellum, CCAS, cognition, dementia, neurodegeneration, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Published: 2023
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5. Comparison between Early-Onset and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Patients with Amnestic Presentation: CSF and 18F-FDG PET Study

Author: Agostino Chiaravalloti, Giacomo Koch, Sofia Toniolo, Lorena Belli, Francesco Di Lorenzo, Sara Gaudenzi, Orazio Schillaci, Marco Bozzali, Giuseppe Sancesario, and Alessandro Martorana
Subjects: Precuneus, Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, Alzheimer’s disease, Early onset, Late onset, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract: Background/Aims: To investigate the differences in brain glucose consumption between patients with early onset of Alzheimer's disease (EOAD, aged ≤65 years) and patients with late onset of Alzheimer's disease (LOAD, aged >65 years). Methods: Differences in brain glucose consumption between the groups have been evaluated by means of Statistical Parametric Mapping version 8, with the use of age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination and cerebrospinal fluid values of Aβ1-42, phosphorylated Tau and total Tau as covariates in the comparison between EOAD and LOAD. Results: As compared to LOAD, EOAD patients showed a significant decrease in glucose consumption in a wide portion of the left parietal lobe (BA7, BA31 and BA40). No significant differences were obtained when subtracting the EOAD from the LOAD group. Conclusions: The results of our study show that patients with EOAD show a different metabolic pattern as compared to those with LOAD that mainly involves the left parietal lobe.
Published: 2016
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6. Patterns of Cerebellar Gray Matter Atrophy Across Alzheimer’s Disease Progression

Author: Sofia Toniolo, Laura Serra, Giusy Olivito, Camillo Marra, Marco Bozzali, and Mara Cercignani
Subjects: Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, voxel-based morphometry, SUIT, cerebellum, vermis, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: The role of the cerebellum in cognitive function has been broadly investigated in the last decades from an anatomical, clinical, and functional point of view and new evidence points toward a significant contribution of the posterior lobes of the cerebellum in cognition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present work we used SUIT-VBM (spatially unbiased infratentorial template, voxel-based morphometry) to perform an analysis of the pattern of cerebellar gray matter (GM) atrophy in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) and AD dementia patients compared to healthy subjects (HS), in order to follow the changes of non-motor features of cerebellar degeneration throughout disease progression. This template has been validated to guarantee a significant improvement in voxel-to-voxel alignment of the individual fissures and the deep cerebellar nuclei compared to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) whole-brain template. Our analysis shows a progression of cerebellar GM volume changes throughout a continuous spectrum from early to late clinical stages of AD. In particular vermis and paravermian areas of the anterior (I-V) and posterior (VI) lobes are involved since the a-MCI stage, with a later involvement of the hemispheric part of the posterior lobes (VI lobule) and Crus I in AD dementia patients only. These findings support the role of the cerebellum in higher-level functions, and whilst confirming previous data on the involvement of Crus I in AD dementia, provide new evidence of an involvement of the vermis in the early stages of the disease.
Published: 2018
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7. Understanding Factors Associated With Psychomotor Subtypes of Delirium in Older Inpatients With Dementia

Author: Rispoli, Vincenzo, Malara, Alba, Spadea, Fausto, Di Cello, Serena, Ceravolo, Francesco, Fabiano, Francesco, Chiaradia, Giuseppe, Gabriele, Amedeo, Lenino, Peluso, Andrea, Taristano, Settembrini, Vincenzo, Capomolla, Domenico, Citrino, Antonella, Scriva, Antonietta, Bruno, Irene, Secchi, Roberto, De Martino, Eugenio, Muccinelli, Roberto, Lupi, Gerardo, Paonessa, Patrizio, Fabbri, Andrea, Passuti, Maria Teresa, Castellari, Sofia, Po, Andrea, Gaggioli, Guido, Varesi, Massimo, Moneti, Paolo, Capurso, Sebastiano, Latini, Vincenzo, Ghidotti, Stefano, Riccardelli, Francesco, Macchi, Maurizio, Rigo, Rosaria, Claudio, Pascale, Angelo, Bosio, Flavio, Cerrato, Benedetta, Bardelli, Boffelli, Stefano, Cassinadri, Angela, Franzoni, Simone, Spazzini, Elena, Andretto, Daniela, Tonini, Gabriele, Andreani, Laura, Coralli, Mirco, Balotta, Antonio, Cancelliere, Roberto, Ballardini, Giorgio, Simoncelli, Margherita, Mancini, Annarita, Strazzacapa, Mara, Fabio, Stefano, De Filippi, Francesco, Giudice, Chiara, Dentizzi, Cosimo, Azzini, Margherita, Cazzadori, Marco, Mastroeni, Valeria, Bertassello, Paolo, Claudia Benati, Helena Santana, Nesta, Elisa, Tobaldini, Chiara, Guerini, Fabio, Elena, Tambara, Mombelloni, Paolo, Fontanini, Fulvio, Gabriella, Lassa, Pizzorni, Crosio, Oliverio, Martina, Del Grosso, Luciano Luca, Giavedoni, Cristina, Bidoli, Giuliano, Mazzei, Bruno, Corsonello, Andrea, Fusco, Sergio, Vena, Silvio, De Vuono, Tommaso, Maiuri, Giorgio, Luca, Fimognari Filippo, Andrea, Arone, Giovanni, Sgrò, Rossella, Nicolazzo, Castegnaro, Eugenio, De Rosa, Salvatore, Sechi, Rossella Bazzano, Benvenuti, Enrico, Del Lungo, Ilaria, Giardini, Sante, Giulietti, Chiara, Mauro, Di Bari, Eleonora, Barghini, Martina, Paoli, Irene, Fiordelli, Riccardo, Barucci, Federica, Sgrilli, Ilaria, Del Lungo, Bertoletti, Erik, D'Amico, Ferdinando, Caronzolo, Francesco, Grippa, Alessandro, Lombardo, Giuseppina, Pipicella, Tiziana, Antonino, Saitta, Francesco, Corica, Valeria, Prestipino Giarritta, Daniela, Larosa, Domenico, Cucinotta, Giorgio, Basile, March, Albert, Nitti, Maria Teresa, Felici, Alessandro, Pavan, Silvia, Piazzani, Fabrizio, Lunelli, Alessandra, Dimori, Sergio, Margotta, Alessandro, Soglia, Tiziano, Postacchini, Demetrio, Brunelli, Roberto, Santini, Silvia, Francavilla, Monia, Macchiati, Ilenia, Sorvillo, Francesca, Giuli, Cinzia, Mecocci, Patrizia, Longo, Annalisa, Perticone, Francesco, Addesi, Desireè, Rosa, Paola Cerra, Bencardino, Giuseppe, Falbo, Tania, Grillo, Nadia, Marco, Filice, Mirella, Flippo, Fantò, Fausto, Isaia, Gianluca, Pezzilli, Stella, Bergamo, Daniele, Furno, Elisabetta, Rrodhe, Sokol, Lucarini, Simonetta, Dijk, Babette, Dall'Acqua, Francesca, Cappelletto, Francesco, Calvani, Donatella, Becheri, Dimitri, Giuseppe, Mottino, Costanza, Mitidieri, Vito, Antonio, Francesca, Bartalucci, Magherini, Lorenza, Novella, Malin, Franca, Boni, Lucia Gambardella, Paoli Martina, Valente, Carlo, Ilaria, Bracali, Alice, Foschini, Bo, Mario, Porrino, Paola, Ceci, Giacomo, Giuliana, Bottignole, Michela, Tibaldi, Eleonora, Coppo, Ettore, Evaristo, Camellini, Cinzia, Servello, Adriana, Grassi, Alessandro, Rozzini, Renzo, Tironi, Sara, Grassi, Maria Grazia, Troisi, Elio, Carlo, Caltagirone, Simona Gabriella, Di Santo, Flaminia, Franchini, Federica, Ratto, Beatrice, Pavoni, Sofia, Toniolo, Gabutto, Anna, Quazzo, Loredana, Rosatello, Annalisa, Suraci, Domenico, Tagliabue, Benedetta, Perrone, Chiara, Ferrara, Lucia, Castagna, Alberto, Tremolada, Maria Luisa, Giuseppe, Castoldi, Stefano, Barbero, Davide, Oltramonti, Piano, Simonetta, Serviddio, Gaetano, Lo Buglio, Aurelio, Gurrera, Tiziana, Merlo, Valeria, Rovai, Carla, Cotroneo, Antonino Maria, Carlucci, Rosaria, Abbaldo, Anna, Monzani, Fabio, Qasem, Ahmad Amedeo, Bini, Giacomo, Tafuto, Silvia, Galli, Giovanni, Bruni, Amalia Cecilia, Mancuso, Giovanna, Mancuso, Gerardo, Calipari, Daniela, Giuseppe Massimiliano, De Luca, Bernardini, Bruno, Corsini, Carla, Michele, Ciccarelli, Sara, Dal Farra, Cagnin, Annachiara, Fragiacomo, Federica, Pompanin, Sara, Piero, Amodio, Marco, Cagnin, Zurlo, Amedeo, Guerra, Gianluca, Pala, Marco, Menozzi, Luca, Gatti, Chiara Delli, Magon, Stefania, Roberto, Manfredini, Alfredo, De Giorgi, Fabio, Fabbian, Ruana, Tiseo, Elisa, Misurati, Benedetta, Boari, Christian, Molino, Marco, Pala, Massimo, Gallerani, Di Francesco, Vincenzo, Faccioli, Silvia, Pellizzari, Luca, Giorgia, Fontana, Barbagallo, Giuseppe, Lunardelli, Maria Lia, Martini, Emilio, Ferrari, Eleonora, Macchiarulo, Maria, Corneli, Maria, Bacci, Monica, Battaglia, Giuseppe, Anastasio, Luigi, Lo Storto, Mario Sostene, Seresin, Chiara, Simonato, Matteo, Loreggian, Michele, Cestonaro, Fausta, Durando, Mario, Latella, Raffaele, Mazzoleni, Marta, Russo, Giuseppe, Ponte, Martino, Valchera, Alessandro, Salustri, Giuseppe, Petritola, Donatella, Costa, Alfredo, Sinforiani, Elena, Cotta, Matteo Ramusino, Pizio, Renato Nicola, Cester, Alberto, Formilan, Marino, Pietro, Bonometto, Carbone, Pasqualina, Cazzaniga, Ilaria, Appollonio, Ildebrando, Cereda, Diletta, Stabile, Andrea, Xhani, Rubjona, Acampora, Roberto, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Federico, Pieruzzi, Antonio, Ciaccio, Valerio, Pontecorvi, Cesare, Burti, Zhirajr, Mokini, Giovanni, Vitale, Maria, Amigoni, Mariaelena, Sparacino, Bottacchi, Edo, Bucciantini, Elisabetta, Di Giovanni, Marco, Franchi, Fabrizio, Lucchetti, Lucio, Mariani, Claudio, Grande, Giulia, Rapazzini, Piero, Marco, Mauri, Romanelli, Giuseppe, Marengoni, Alessandra, Franco, Nicosia, Alessio, Margola, Stefano, Bonardelli, Nicola, Latronico, Laura, Porcella, Nazario, Portolani, Carlo, Concoreggi, Chiara, Grassini, Soccorso, Pronto, Andrea, Salvi, Luca, Bianchetti, Francesca, Spagnoli, Roberto, Apuzzo, Marco, Fontanella, Anna, Ceraso, Francesco, Castelli, Fugazza, Luciano, Guerrini, Chiara, De Paduanis, Giovanna, Iallonardo, Lucia, Palumbo, Pasquale, Zuliani, Giovanni, Ortolani, Beatrice, Capatti, Eleonora, Soavi, Cecilia, Bianchi, Lara, Francesconi, Daniela, Miselli, Agata, Gloria, Brombo, Tommaso, Romagnoli, Chiara, Pazzaglini, Agata, Miselli Maria, Marco, Dall'Agata, Luca, Menozzi, Gianluca, Guerra, Suardi, Teresa, Mazzone, Andrea, Zaccarini, Cinzia, Manuela, Riva, Mirra, Gianluca, Muti, Ettore, Bottura, Renato, Gianpaolo, Moretti, Secreto, Piero, Bisio, Erika, Cecchettani, Marco, Naldi, Tamara, Pallavicino, Alessandra, Pugliese, Michela, Iozzo, Rosaria Cosima, Grassi, Guido, Michele, Bombelli, Raffaella, Dell'Oro, Fosca, Quarti Trevano, Giorgio, Giussani Carlo, Giovanni, Paternò, Ernesto, Contro, Mannironi, Antonio, Giorli, Elisa, Oberti, Sara, Fierro, Brigida, Piccoli, Tommaso, Giacalone, Fabio, Mandas, Antonella, Serchisu, Luca, Costaggiu, Diego, Pinna, Elisa, Orrù, Francesca, Mannai, Martina, Cordioli, Zeno, Pelizzari, Luca, Turcato, Emanuela, Arduini, Pietro, Cacace, Carlo, Chiloiro, Roberta, Cimino, Rosella, Ruberto, Carmen, Giovanni, Ruotolo, Pietro, Gareri, Laura, Greco, Alberto, Castagna, Carmen, Ruberto, Santo, Pierluigi Dal, Andriolli, Antonino, Burattin, Giuseppe, Rossi, Laura, Andreolli Antonino, Cervati Giovanna, Giuseppe, Catalano, Tezza, Fabiana, Maddalena, Pizzardini, Laura, Stievano, Crippa, Patrizia, Aloisio, Paola, Di Monda, Tiziana, Malighetti, Alessandro, Galbassini, Gloria, Salutis, Domus, Ivaldi, Claudio, Russo, Anna Maria, Bennati, Ettore, Pino, Elisabetta, Zavarise, Gianmaria, Pesci, Alberto, Suigo, Giulia, Faverio, Paola, Andrea, Gori, Sabrina, Perego, Zanasi, Massimo, Moniello, Giovanni, Rostagno, Carlo, Cartei, Alessandro, Polidori, Gianluca, Ungar, Andrea, Melis, Maria Ramona, Martellini, Eleonora, Enrico, Mossello, Monica, Torrini, Antonella, Giordano, Giovanna, Leone, Migliorini, Marta, Caramelli, Francesca, Battiston, Bruno, Berardino, Maurizio, Cavallo, Simona, Alessandro, Massè, Anna, Santoro, Lombardi, Bruna, D'Ippolito, Pierpaolo, Furini, Angela, Villani, Daniele, Clara, Raimondi, Guarneri, Massimo, Paolucci, Stefano, Bassi, Andrea, Coiro, Paola, De Angelis, Domenico, Morone, Giovanni, Venturiero, Vincenzo, Palleschi, Lorenzo, Raganato, Paolo, Di Niro, Giuseppina, Rosa, Casini Anna, Loredana, Bove, Imoscopi, Alessandra, Isaia, Giancarlo, Tibaldi, V., Bottignole G, G., Calvi, E., Clementi, C., Zanocchi, M., Agosta, L., Nortarelli, Antonella, Provenzano, Giuseppe, Mari, Daniela, Romano, Federica Ylenia, Rosini, Francesca, Mansi, Marta, Rossi, Silvia, Geriatria, Alex Riccardelli, Inzaghi, Lorenzo, Bonini, Giulia, Rossi, Paolo, Potena, Alfredo, Lichii, Mihaela, Candiani, Tiziana, Grimaldi, William, Bertani, Emiliano, Alessandra, Porta, Calogero, Pietro, Pinto, Daniela, Bernardi, Roberto, Nicolino, Francesco, Galetti, Caterina, Gianstefani, Alice, Giulia, Corvalli, Lorenzo, Mulazzani, Odetti, Patrizio, Monacelli, Fiammetta, Prefumo, Matteo, Fiammetta, Monacelli, Canepa, Marta, Minaglia, Cecilia, Paolisso, Giuseppe, Rizzo, Maria Rosaria, Prestano, Raffaele, Dalise, Anna Maria, Barra, Davide, Bosco, Livio Dal, Asprinio, Vincenzo, Dallape, Luciana, Perina, Elisa, Incalzi, Raffaele Antonelli, Bartoli, Isaura Rossi, Pluderi, Alice, Maina, Antonella, Pecoraro, Elisabetta, Sciarra, Michela, Prudente, Angela, Paola, Maina, Francesca, Mete, Manuel, Ventura, Luisella, Cesari, Maria, Pernigotti Luigi, Tina, Santangelo, Benini, Lucia, Levato, Francesco, Mhiuta, Victor, Alius, Florin, Davidoaia, Diana, Giardini, Vittorio, Garancini, Mattia, Bellamoli, Claudio, Terranova, Luciano, Bozzini, Claudia, Tosoni, Paolo, Provoli, Emma, Cascone, Luisa, Dioli, Andrea, Ferrarin, Gianfranco, Bucci, Adelmo, Bua, Guido, Fenu, Sara, Bianchi, Giovanna, Casella, Silvia, Romano, Valentina, Maurizio, Poli, Mascherona, Ilenia, Belotti, Gloria, Cavaliere, Sabina, Cuni, Estella, Merciuc, Nina, Oberti, Rosella, Veneziani, Silvia, Capoferri, Emanuela, De Bernardi, Elisabetta, Colombo, Katia, Bravi, Marco, Nicoletta, Negrinotti, D'Arcangelo, Paolo, Montenegro, Nicola, Montanari, Roberto, Lamanna, Pierpaolo, Gasperini, Beatrice, Isabella, Montesi, Stefania, Diotallevi, Gaia, Altobelli, Filippo, Calcinaro, Palamà, Chiara, Di Emidio, Chiara, Scarpini, Elio, Arighi, Andrea, Fumagalli, Giorgio, Basilico, Paola, De Amicis Margherita, Migone, Marta, Mancarella, Diletta, Maira, Granata, Antonino, Ranalli, Claudia, Cammilli, Alessandra, Cavallini, Maria Chiara, Tricca, Manola, Natella, Daniela, Gabbani, Luciano, Tesi, Francesca, Martella, Letizia, Imbrici, Rosalba, Guerrini, Gianbattista, Scotuzzi, Anna Maria, Sozzi, Ferdinando, Valenti, Luigi, Chiarello, Antonino, Monia, Monella, Pilotto, Alberto, Prete, Camilla, Senesi, Barbara, Meta, Anna Cristina, Pendenza, Enrico, Pasqualetti, Giuseppe, Polini, Antonio, Tognini, Sara, Ballino, Elena, Cherubini, Antonio, Dell'Aquila, Giuseppina, Gasparrini, Pina Maria, Marotti, Elisabetta, Migale, Monica, Scrimieri, Antonia, Falsetti, Lorenzo, Salvi, Aldo, Toigo, Gabriele, Ceschia, Giuliano, Rosso, Alessia, Tongiorgi, Chiara, Scarpa, Cristina, Maurizio, Pacchioni, De Dominicis, Luigino, Pucci, Eugenio, Renzi, Sara, Cartechini, Elisabetta, Tomassini, Pia Francesca, Del Gobbo, Maurizio, Ugenti, Francesca, Romeo, Pasquale, Nardelli, Anna, Lauretani, Fulvio, Visioli, Sandra, Montanari, Ilaria, Ermini, Francesca, Giordano, Antonio, Pigato, Giorgio, Simeone, Emilio, Barbujani, Mario, Giampieri, Marina, Amoruso, Raffaele, Piccinini, Maristella, Ferrari, Camilla, Gambetti, Claudio, Sfrappini, Mario, Semeraro, Letizia, Striuli, Rinaldo, Mariani, Claudia, Pelliccioni, Giuseppe, Marinelli, Donatella, Fabi, Katia, Rossi, Tommaso, Pesallaccia, Martina, Sabbatini, Debora, Gobbi, Beatrice, Cerqua, Raffaella, Tagliani, Giancarla, Schlauser, Elena, Caser, Luciano, Caramello, Elisa, Sandigliano, Franca, Rosso, Giorgio, Ferrari, Alberto, Bendini, Chiara, Luisa, Davoli Maria, Casella, Monica, Prampolini, Raffaella, Scevola, Moreno, Vitale, Enrico, Roberto, Brugiolo, Carlo, Fagherazzi, Sergio, Fusco, Alberto, Scarpa, Daniela, Zara, Giulia, Bertozzo, Serena, Granziera, Michele, Barazzuol, Maugeri, Domenico, Sorace, Rosaria, Anzaldi, Massimiliano, De Gesu, Roberto, Morrone, Giuseppe, Davolio, Federica, Fabbo, Andrea, Palmieri, Marina, Zoli, Marco, Forti, Paola, Pirazzoli, Luca, Fabbri, Elisa, Terenzi, Laura, Bergolari, Federica, Wenter, Christian, Ruffini, Ingrid, Insam, Miriam, Abraham, Elisabeth, Kirchlechner, Christine, Cucinotta, Domenico, Antonino, Lasco, Basile, Giorgio, Grazia, Arena Maria, Parise, Pasquale, Boccali, Andrea, Amici, Serena, Gambacorta, Maurizia, Lasagni, Anna, Lovati, Roberto, Giovinazzo, Francesca, Kimak, Elzbieta, Zappa, Paolo, Medici, Francesco, Lo Castro, Marika, Mauro, Flavia, De Luca, Alessandro, Sancesario, Giuseppe, Martorana, Alessandro, Scaricamazza, Beatrice, Toniolo, Sofia, Di Lorenzo, Francesco, Liguori, Claudio, Lasco, Antonino, Vita, Natale, Giomi, Mirna, Forte, Floriana, Padovani, Alessandro, Rozzini, Luca, Ceraso, Anna, Salvatore, Caratozzolo, Cottino, Maria, Vitali, Silvia, Marelli, Eleonora, Tripi, Gabriele, Miceli, Salvatore, Urso, Giovanni, Grioni, Giuseppe, Vezzadini, Giuliana, Misaggi, Giulia, Forlani, Chiara, Avanzi, Stefano, Serena, Saulle, Claudia, Casarini, Marilena, Viggiano, Alberto, Luisa, Diego, Ghianda, Alessandro, Giordano, Iemolo, Francesco, Giordano, Antonello, Sanzaro, Enzo, D'Asta, Gabriele, Proietto, Maria, Carnemolla, Anna, Razza, Grazia, Spadaro, Daniela, Bertolotti, Marco, Mussi, Chiara, Neviani, Francesca, Roberto, Chiesa, Valentina, Guerzoni, Linda, Morselli, Francesca, Venturelli, Tarozzi, Adriano, Balestri, Francesca, Mannarino, Giulio, Bigolari, Michela, Natale, Alessia, Grassi, Simona, Bottaro, Cinzia, Stefanelli, Sara, Bovone, Ugo, Tortorolo, Umberto, Quadri, Roberto, Leone, Giuseppe, Ponzetto, Maria, Frasson, Paola, Annoni, Giorgio, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Bruni, Adriana, Confalonieri, Roberto, Corsi, Maurizio, Moretti, Daniela, Teruzzi, Fabiola, Umidi, Simona, Mazzola, Paolo, Perego, Sabrina, Persico, Ilaria, Olivieri, Giulia, Bonfanti, Alessandra, Hajnalka, Szabò, Galeazzi, Marianna, Massariello, Francesca, Anzuini, Alessandra, Caffarra, Paolo, Barocco, Federica, Spallazzi, Marco, Paolo, Ceda Gian, Simonetta, Morganti, Andrea, Artoni, Chioatto, Paolo, Bortolamei, Sandra, Soattin, Lucia, Ruotolo, Giovanni, Beneamino, Borelli, Giuseppe, Barilaro, Bertazzoli, Marco, Rota, Elisabetta, Adobati, Annamaria, Scarpa, Alberto, Granziera, Serena, Zuccher, Paola, Fabbro, Angela Dal, Zara, Daniela, Lo Nigro, Ambra, Franchetti, Lorena, Toniolo, Marika, Marcuzzo, Cinzia, Rollone, Marco, Guerriero, Fabio, Sgarlata, Carmelo, Massè, Alessandro, Zatti, Giovanni, Piatti, Massimiliano, Graci, Jole, Benati, Giuseppe, Boschi, Federica, Biondi, Mario, Fiumi, Nicoletta, Erika, Tamburini, Locatelli, Sergio Mario, Mauri, Sabrina, Beretta, Mauro, Margheritis, Laura, Desideri, Giovanbattista, Liberatore, Ester, Carucci, Anna Cecilia, Bonino, Paolo, Caput, Margherita, Antonietti, Maria Paola, Polistena, Giuseppe, De la Pierre, Franz, Mari, Marcello, Massignani, Paola, Tombesi, Fabio, Selvaggio, Fabio, Verbo, Brunella, Bodoni, Paolo, Marchionni, Niccolò, Mossello, Enrico, Sabatini, Tony, Mussio, Eleonora, Magni, Eugenio, Bianchetti, Angelo, Crucitti, Andrea, Titoldini, Giulia, Cossu, Beatrice, Fascendini, Sara, Licini, Cristina, Tomasoni, Angela, Calderazzo, Massimo, Daniela, Tropiano, Valentina, Laganà, Melotti, Rita Maria, Lilli, Albina, Buda, Simona, Adversi, Marco, Noro, Gabriele, Turco, Renato, Ubezio, M Chiara, Mantovani, Anna Roberta, Viola, Maria Cristina, Serrati, Carlo, Pretta, Stefano, Infante, Maria, Gentile, Simona, Morandi, Alessandro, D'Ambrosio, Viviana, Mazzanti, Paolo, Brambilla, Cristina, Sportelli, Silvia, Platto, Caterina, Faraci, Bianca, Quattrocchi, Daniela, Pernigotti, Luigi Maria, Pisu, Cristina, Sicuro, Francesca, Zagnoni, Piergiuseppe, Ghiglia, Stefania, Mosca, Massimiliano, Corazzin, Ileana, Deola, Mariangela, Biagini, Carlo Adriano, Bencini, Francesca, Cantini, Claudia, Tonon, Elisabetta, Pierinelli, Silvia, Onofrj, Marco, Thomas, Astrid, Filomena, Borbone, Bonanni, Laura, Gabriella, Cacchiò, Comi, Giancarlo, Magnani, Giuseppe, Santangelo, Roberto, Mazzeo, Salvatore, Giuseppe, Magnani, Francesca, Caso, Giordano, Cecchetti, Roberto, Sant'Angelo, Barbieri, Cristina, Giroldi, Liviana, Bandini, Fabio, Masina, Marco, Malservisi, Simona, Cicognani, Annalena, Ricca, Laura, Piccininni, Maristella, Tassinari, Tiziana, Brogi, Davide, Sugo, Annalisa, Alessandra, Filippi, Sonia, Manfredi, Valerio, Vanni, Andrea, Usai Carlo, Enrico, Colombo, Vera, Renna Francesca, Assunta, Sauchella, Gianmaria, Zavarise, Mauro, Prete, Pietro, Bisagni, Roberto, Masini, Salvatore, Carrabetta, Barone, Antonella, Razzano, Monica, Giuseppe, Imperoli, Angela, Bini, Francesco, Serra, Valeria, D'Agostino, Federico, Gianolla, Lucia, Pietrangeli, Antonella, Velardi, Elisabetta, Di Cello, Cristina, Rosati, Nadia, Casali, Maria, Sessa, Luciano, Abruzzi, Chiara, Costanzi, Bini, Paolo, Pignata, Michele, Enrico, Buonagurio, Maria, Vollery, Giovanni, Carrieri, Giorgio, Cioni, Andrea, Toschi, Marco, Metra, Piera, Ranieri, Alberto, Zucchelli, Ceccon, Anna, Magrin, Laura, Marin, Sara, Barbara, Sofia, Marco, Masina, Laura, Ghedini, Matteo, Moroni, Marco, Paragona, Caterina, Pallotti Maria, Carla, Rota, Federica, Gottardi, Clara, Tomasoni, Melania, Cappuccio, Giampaolo, Bonini, Stefano, Guerini, Valeria, Guerini, Lucia, Merla, Giovambattista, Desideri, Ester, Liberatore, Cecilia, Carucci Anna, Maurizio, Tovaglieri, Vera, Renna Frandesca, Nadia, Bongiorni, Grillo, Antonio, Arenare, Francesca, Tonino, Mineo, David, Kanah, Giorgio, Vianello Piero, Ubaldo, Balducci, Vincenzo, Sidoti, Stefano, Montanari, Marino, Formilan, Busonera Flavio, Murelli Teodolindo, Paolo, Albanese, Monica, Maselli, Francesco, Bolzetta, Roberto, Fabris, Paolo, Bonino, DuranteMangoni, Emanuele, Testoni, Michela, Fabio, Di Stefano, Loredana, Seccia, Valeria, Sonzini, Fabiano, Maria, Annabella, Di Giorgio, Salvatore, De Cosmo, Greco, Antonio, Grazia, D'Onofrio, Daniele, Sancarlo, Gianluca, Resta, Renzo, Girardello, Sergio, Minervini, Morena, Boni, Vitali, Mariagrazia, Marina, Pizzoni, Paolo, De Colle, Cristina, Scarpa, Alessandra, Frattola, Orlandini, Francesco, La Regina, Micaela, Desirée, Addesi, Mirella, Filippo, Mario, Bo, Paola, Porrino, Padulo, Filomena, Cristina, Margheriti, Dario, Rolano, Giancarla, Moscatelli, Guido, Radaelli, Elena, Montini, Prete, Cosimo, Marileda, Novello, Igor, Bramuzzo, Nicole, Bertin, Elena, Rinaldo, Paolillo, Ciro, Riccardi, Angela, Claudia, Benedetti, Barbara, Rizzi, Francesca, Montagna, Silvia, Vitali, Chiara, Cutaia, Oliver, Baca, Mauro, Colombo, Eleonora, Marelli, Giuseppe, Procino, Rosaria, Tararà, Maria, Cottino, Davide, Dell'Acqua, Stefania, Cislaghi, Marco, Cairati, Massimo, Porta, Luca, Scaglione, Martina, De Feo, Paola, Vertolli, Lia, Salvati, Sandro, Cinotti, Valentina, De Santis, Erminia, Biferi, Paola, Cheli, Romina, Rebizzo, Minisola, Salvatore, Luciano, Colangelo, Pasquale, Abete, Ilaria, Liguori, Francesca, Curcio, Guglielmo, Spassini, Marco, Engheben, Sara, Rotunno, Paola, Arosio, Claudio, Angelini, Francesco, Reggiani, Alessandro, Cappelli, Simona, Marcheselli, Lara, Fratticci, Paola, Ranzani, Simonetta, Cesarini, Antonella, Cerini, Generoso, Uomo, Fernando, Gallucci, Giuliano, Ceschia, Emanuela, Serra, Mariolina, Sola, Alessandro, Delitala, Chiara, Pes, Giulia, Lobianco, Alessandro, Giani, Famularo, Simone, Sandini, Marta, Pinotti, Enrico, Gianotti, Luca, Antonella, Battuello, Giulia, Pintore, Sante, Giardini, Rossi, Andrea, Rubele, Sofia, Sant, Selena, Marco, Vignati, Danila, Clerici, Fabio, Rosa, Bandirali, Maria Pia, Nicoletta, Cattaneo, Laura, Boffi, Paolo, Tosoni, Luciano, Terranova, Leonello, Avalli, Margherita, Scanziani, Stefania, De Notaris, Pierluigi, Del Santo, Laura, Rossi, Fabiana, Tezza, Giovanna, Cervati, Antonino, Andreolli, Felice, Catalano, Giuseppe, Burattin, Danilo, Fogli, Giovanna, Di Bella, Francesco, Landi, Salini, Sara, Angela, Brunetti Maria, Giorgetta, Cappa, Giovanni, Galvagno, Paola, Cena, Gerardo, Bruno, Silvio, Raspo, Letizia, Semeraro, Sabrina, Pedrotti, Davide, Barra, Rosaria, Rizzo Maria, Maria, Dalise Anna, Raffaele, Prestano, Palmieri, Vincenzo Ostilio, Palasciano, Giuseppe, Belfiore, Anna, Portincasa, Piero, Carlo, Sabbà, Vincenzo, Solfrizzi, Alessia, D'introno, Valiani, Vincenzo, Carolina, Bologna, Tiziana, Ciarambino, Paola, Turelli, Ugo, Pazzaglia, Federica, Rodella, Giacomo, Piana, Castellano, Maurizio, Anna, Garelli, Elisa, Casella, Federica, Campana, Antonietta, Coschignano Maria, Luigi, Marinangeli, Fabio, Lorico, Salvatore, Bazzano, Giuseppe, Menculini, Gelosa, Giorgio, Viviana, Ambrogio Teresa, Piras, Valentina, Andrea, Ciricugno, Alessandra, Bollari, Coen, Daniele, Magliola, Renata, Milanesio, Deborah, Muzzulini, Carlo Lorenzo, Paolo, Fogliacco, Marinella, Turla, Sofia, Cotelli Maria, Marta, Bianchi, Siano, Pietro, Capo, Giuseppe, Napoletano, Rosa, Cecilia, Politi, Mancini, Concetta, Del Buono, Corrado, De Bartolomeo, Giuseppe, Addolorata, Martinelli, Carmen, Cefalogli, Roberto, Cozzi, Giovanni, Virtuani Angelo, Moschettini, Gianfilippo, Franco, Mastroianni, Daniela, Roglia, D'Amico, Gabriella, Mirella, Palella, Endrizzi, Cristina, Trotta, Lucia, Ciarambino, Tiziana, Orazio, Zanetti, Emanuela, Terazzi, Marta, Sacchetti, Thomas, Fleetwood, Giacomo, Tondo, Ignazio, Di Fazio, Andrea, Bruni, Giuseppe, Orsitto, Emanuela, Fabbro, Serena, Amici, Elena, D'Imporzano, Anna, Casanova, Serena, Bertolio, Erika, Nervo, Roberto, Silvestri, Elena, Semproni, Manuela, Pintus, Francesca, Aloe, Angelo, Tagliaccica, Zambon, Antonella, and Di Santo, Simona G.
Published: 2020
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8. Vividness of visual imagery questionnaire scores and their relationship to visual short-term memory performance

Author: Timothy R Sandhu, Verena S. Klar, Nahid Zokaei, Masud Husain, Shannon Dickson, Maria R. Maio, Olivia Plant, Sofia Toniolo, Sanjay G. Manohar, Daniel Drew, Bahaaeddin Attaallah, Lisa Nobis, Younes Adam Tabi, Youssuf Saleh, Ellie Slavkova, Annika Kienast, and Mohamad Imran Idris
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Imagery, Psychotherapy, genetic structures, Parkinson's disease, Cognitive Neuroscience, Visual short-term memory performance, Hippocampus, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Hippocampal formation, Audiology, Behavioural Neurology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Primary Visual Cortex, medicine, Humans, Visual imagery, Aged, Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire, Working memory, Alzheimer's disease, eye diseases, Sensory input, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Visual cortex, medicine.anatomical_structure, Imagination, Mental representation, Psychology, Mental image
Abstract: Mechanisms underlying visual imagery, the ability to create vivid mental representations of a scene in the absence of sensory input, remain to be fully understood. Some previous studies have proposed that visual imagery might be related to visual short-term memory (STM), with a common mechanism involving retention of visual information over short periods of time. Other observations have shown a strong relationship between visual imagery and functional activity in the hippocampus and primary visual cortex, both regions also associated with visual STM. Here we examined the relationship of visual imagery to STM and hippocampal and primary visual cortex volumes, first in a large sample of healthy people across a large age range (N=229 behavioural data; N=56 MRI data in older participants) and then in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (N=19 in each group compared to 19 age-matched healthy controls). We used a variant of the “What was where?” visual object-location binding task to assess the quality of remembered information over short delays. In healthy people, no evidence of a relationship between the vividness of visual imagery and any visual STM performance parameter was found. However, there was a significant positive correlation between visual imagery and the volumes of the hippocampus and primary visual cortex. Although visual STM performance was significantly impaired in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, their vividness of visual imagery scores were comparable to those of age-matched elderly controls and patients with Parkinson’s disease. Despite hippocampal volumes also being reduced in Alzheimer’s patients, there appeared to be no impact on their self-reported visual imagery. In conclusion, visual imagery was not significantly related to visual STM performance, either in healthy controls or Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease but it was related to hippocampal and visual cortex volume in healthy people.
Published: 2022
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9. Microstructural diffusivity (DTI) changes underlying visual short‐term memory deficits in Alzheimer's Disease detected by digital screening

Author: Sofia Toniolo, Bahaaeddin Attaallah, Michele Veldsman, Maria R Maio, Elitsa Slavkova, Shannon Dickson, Olivia Plant, Imran Idris, Younes Adam Tabi, Christopher Butler, Sian Thompson, Sanjay Manohar, and Masud Husain
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology
Published: 2022
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10. What plasma biomarkers tell us about hippocampal microstructural changes in Alzheimer’s disease

Author: Sofia Toniolo
Subjects: Neurology (clinical)
Abstract: This scientific commentary refers to ‘Hippocampal-subfield microstructures and their relation to plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease’ by Shahid et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac138).
Published: 2022
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11. Epilepsy in Older Persons

Author: Sofia Toniolo, Michele Romoli, and Arjune Sen
Subjects: Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Epilepsy, Seizures, Humans, Anticonvulsants, Neurology (clinical), Comorbidity, Aged
Abstract: Epilepsy is most common in older people and yet optimizing the management of seizures in this demographic has often been somewhat overlooked. With populations aging across the world and those with complex early-onset epilepsies thankfully living into later life, the prevalence of epilepsy in older people is escalating rapidly. Assessment and management in this age group can be challenging. Seizures may present in unusual ways and the complex comorbidities and polypharmacy that often characterize older age, might make establishing a diagnosis of epilepsy in older persons difficult. Drug choices and treatment options are often more limited and need to be specifically tailored to the older individual with careful consideration of relevant comorbidities. The complex inter-relationship between epilepsy, dementia, and vascular disease in older people would seem a research priority, as there might be interventions to help reduce adverse outcomes in a growing and potentially vulnerable group.
Published: 2022

12. Cerebellar dentate nucleus functional connectivity with cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease and memory: a seed-based approach

Author: Camillo Marra, Laura Serra, Giusy Olivito, Marco Bozzali, Maria Leggio, Carlo Caltagirone, Carlotta Di Domenico, Sofia Toniolo, and Mara Cercignani
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Aging, Cerebellum, cerebellum, Alzheimer disease, functional connectivity, dentate nucleus, resting-state fMRI, memory, Alzheimer's disease, Dentate nucleus, Functional connectivity, Memory, Resting-state fMRI, Biology, Temporal lobe, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, Neural Pathways, medicine, Humans, Memory impairment, Aged, Cerebral Cortex, Resting state fMRI, General Neuroscience, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebellar Nuclei, Cerebral cortex, Female, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by specific patterns of gray and white matter damage and cognitive/behavioral manifestations. The cerebellum has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of AD. Because the cerebellum is known to have strong functional connectivity (FC) with associative cerebral cortex regions, it is possible to hypothesize that it is incorporated into intrinsic FC networks relevant to cognitive manifestation of AD. In the present study, the cerebellar dentate nucleus, the largest cerebellar nucleus and the major output channel to the cerebral cortex, was chosen as the region of interest to test potential cerebellocerebral FC alterations and correlations with patients' memory impairment in a group of patients with AD. Compared to controls, patients with AD showed an increase in FC between the dentate nucleus and regions of the lateral temporal lobe. This study demonstrates that lower memory performances in AD may be related to altered FC within specific cerebellocortical functional modules, thus suggesting the cerebellar contribution to AD pathophysiology and typical memory dysfunctions.
Published: 2020
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13. Is the Frontal Lobe the Primary Target of SARS-CoV-2?

Author: Kristian Steen Frederiksen, Marta Scarioni, Flavio Nobili, Francesco Di Lorenzo, Sofia Toniolo, Neurology, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration
Subjects: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Encephalopathy, Electroencephalography, behavioral disciplines and activities, delirium, medicine, Acute Febrile Encephalopathy, Humans, Biomarkers, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, frontal lobe, Virulence, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Frontal lobe, Delirium, Nerve Net, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, business, Neuroscience, Encephalitis
Abstract: Acute delirium and other neuropsychiatric symptoms have frequently been reported in COVID-19 patients and are variably referred to as acute encephalopathy, COVID-19 encephalopathy, SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis, or steroid-responsive encephalitis. COVID-19 specific biomarkers of cognitive impairment are currently lacking, but there is some evidence that SARS-CoV-2 could preferentially and directly target the frontal lobes, as suggested by behavioral and dysexecutive symptoms, fronto-temporal hypoperfusion on MRI, EEG slowing in frontal regions, and frontal hypometabolism on 18F-FDG-PET imaging. We suggest that an inflammatory parainfectious process targeting preferentially the frontal lobes (and/or frontal networks) could be the underlying cause of these shared clinical, neurophysiological, and imaging findings in COVID-19 patients. We explore the biological mechanisms and the clinical biomarkers that might underlie such disruption of frontal circuits and highlight the need of standardized diagnostic procedures to be applied when investigating patients with these clinical findings. We also suggest the use of a unique label, to increase comparability across studies.
Published: 2021
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14. Dementia and COVID-19, a bidirectional liaison: Risk factors, biomarkers, and optimal health care

Author: Svetlana Tomić, Marta Scarioni, Sofia Toniolo, Jean Georges, Laura Bonanni, Francesco Di Lorenzo, Flavio Nobili, Jakub Hort, and Kristian Steen Frederiksen
Subjects: cognition, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuroimmunomodulation, Psychological intervention, Neuroimaging, Disease, Comorbidity, 03 medical and health sciences, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, Health care, medicine, Dementia, Alzheimer's disease, COVID-19, dementia, SARS-CoV-2, Biomarkers, Humans, Patient Care, Brain, Cognitive Dysfunction, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Cognition, Sequela, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Cognitive impairment following SARS-CoV-2 infection is being increasingly recognized as an acute and possibly also long-term sequela of the disease. Direct viral entry as well as systemic mechanisms such as cytokine storm are thought to contribute to neuroinflammation in these patients. Biomarkers of COVID-19-induced cognitive impairment are currently lacking, but there is some limited evidence that SARS-CoV-2 could preferentially target the frontal lobes, as suggested by behavioral and dysexecutive symptoms, fronto-temporal hypoperfusion on MRI, EEG slowing in frontal regions, and frontal hypometabolism on 18F-FDG-PET. Possible confounders include cognitive impairment due to hypoxia and mechanical ventilation and post-traumatic stress disorder. Conversely, patients already suffering from dementia, as well as their caregivers, have been greatly impacted by the disruption of their care caused by COVID-19. Patients with dementia have experienced worsening of cognitive, behavioral, and psychological symptoms, and the rate of COVID-19-related deaths is disproportionately high among cognitively impaired people. Multiple factors, such as difficulties in remembering and executing safeguarding procedures, age, comorbidities, residing in care homes, and poorer access to hospital standard of care play a role in the increased morbidity and mortality. Non-pharmacological interventions and new technologies have shown a potential for the management of patients with dementia, and for the support of their caregivers.
Published: 2021
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15. A novel visual short‐term memory task differentiates MCI and Alzheimer’s patients from healthy ageing

Author: Sofia Toniolo, Sian Thompson, Steffen Joedecke, Imran Idris, Kathrin Finke, Maria R. Maio, Masud Husain, Younes Adam Tabi, Bahaaeddin Attaallah, Annie Srowig, Christoph Preul, Elitsa Slavkova, Joao Peixoto, Christopher C Butler, Olivia Plant, Youssuf Saleh, and Sanjay G. Manohar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Neuropsychology, Audiology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Visual short-term memory task, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Neuropsychological assessment, Healthy ageing, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychology
Published: 2020
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16. Validity of a new brief assessment of apathy: Caregiver version of the apathy motivation index

Author: Sarosh R. Irani, Annika Kienast, Yuen-Siang Ang, Shannon Dickson, Maria R. Maio, Rhea Zambellas, Verena S. Klar, Olivia Plant, Sofia Toniolo, Masud Husain, Daniel Drew, Patricia L. Lockwood, Elitsa Slavkova, and Bahaaeddin Attaallah
Subjects: Index (economics), Epidemiology, Behavioral neurology, Health Policy, Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, medicine, Apathy, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Published: 2020
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17. Protective Role of Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer's Disease Carrying Apolipoprotein E4 Genotype

Author: Sofia Toniolo, Eugenia Scaricamazza, Roberto Furlan, Caterina Motta, Giacomo Koch, Annamaria Finardi, Alessandro Martorana, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Francesco Di Lorenzo, and Stefano Loizzo
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Apolipoprotein E, Male, Genotype, Apolipoprotein E4, G-CSF, Settore MED/26, Amyloid-β 42, APOE, cognitive decline, G-CSF, interleukins, tau, Proinflammatory cytokine, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer Disease, Medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, tau, Cognitive decline, Donepezil, Aged, Mini–Mental State Examination, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Neuroscience, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, cognitive decline, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, 030104 developmental biology, interleukins, Immunology, Amyloid-β 42, Cytokines, Female, Interleukin 17, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Alzheimer's disease, Inflammation Mediators, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, APOE, Biomarkers, medicine.drug, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background: Neuroinflammatory cytokines can play a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) contributing to the evolution of degenerative processes. Objective: We aimed at evaluating the levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in subjects with diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and mild AD. Methods: We evaluated CSF contents of inflammatory cytokines in 66 patients divided according to the NIA-AA research framework and the APOE genotype. CSF of a group of cognitively unimpaired individuals (n = 23) was evaluated as control. All patients were evaluated for 24 months using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: We found significant increased levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and G-CSF in the CSF of A+/T-APOE4 carriers, respect to A+/T-patients homozygous for APOE3, respect to A+/T+ patients, regardless the APOE status, and respect to controls. Over a period of 24 months, A+/T-APOE4 carriers, with increased levels of cytokines, showed a preserved cognitive evaluation when compared to the other subgroups of patients (delta MMSE at 24 months respect to baseline: 0.10±0.35; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that during early phases of AD, in APOE4 carriers, Aβ pathology likely induces a specific cytokines pattern synthesis associated to cognitive preservation. These data highlight the different role that neuroinflammation can play in AD pathology based on the presence of specific CSF biomarkers and on the APOE status.
Published: 2020

18. Changes in functional connectivity in people with HIV switching antiretroviral therapy

Author: Jonathan Underwood, Borja Mora-Peris, Marco Bozzali, Jasmini Alagaratnam, Mara Cercignani, Sofia Toniolo, Marta Boffito, Jaime H. Vera, Alan Winston, and Mark T. Nelson
Subjects: Cyclopropanes, Male, ROBUST, HIV Infections, Neuropsychological Tests, Piperazines, Executive Function, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, 1108 Medical Microbiology, immune system diseases, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, INFECTION, BRAIN ACTIVATION, Emtricitabine, Attention, Prospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, Drug Substitution, fMRI, 05 social sciences, virus diseases, Cognition, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Short-Term, Neurology, Alkynes, Rilpivirine, Dolutegravir, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring, medicine.drug, Adult, CORTEX, medicine.medical_specialty, Efavirenz, Anti-HIV Agents, Pyridones, INHIBITION, Neuropsychological assessment, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Memory, Raltegravir Potassium, Virology, Task-positive network, Oxazines, Connectome, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Tenofovir, Science & Technology, business.industry, Neurosciences, HIV, 1103 Clinical Sciences, COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, Raltegravir, Benzoxazines, chemistry, Asymptomatic Diseases, LINE BISECTION JUDGMENTS, Neurosciences & Neurology, Neurology (clinical), ADVERSE EVENTS, 1109 Neurosciences, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: We assessed changes in functional connectivity by fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) and cognitive measures in otherwise neurologically asymptomatic people with HIV (PWH) switching combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). In a prospective study (baseline and follow-up after at least 4 months), virologically suppressed PWH switched non-nuclease reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI; tenofovir-DF/emtricitabine with efavirenz to rilpivirine) and integrase-strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTI; tenofovir-DF/emtricitabine with raltegravir to dolutegravir). PWH were assessed by resting-state fMRI and stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) task fMRI as well as with a cognitive battery (CogState™) at baseline and follow-up. Switching from efavirenz to rilpivirine (n = 10) was associated with increased functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network (DAN) and a reduction in SSRTs (p = 0.025) that positively correlated with the time previously on efavirenz (mean = 4.8 years, p = 0.02). Switching from raltegravir to dolutegravir (n = 12) was associated with increased connectivity in the left DAN and bilateral sensory-motor and associative visual networks. In the NNRTI study, significant improvements in the cognitive domains of executive function, working memory and speed of visual processing were observed, whereas no significant changes in cognitive function were observed in the INSTI study. Changes in fMRI are evident in PWH without perceived neuropsychiatric complaints switching cART. fMRI may be a useful tool in assisting to elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of cART-related neuropsychiatric effects.
Published: 2020

19. The impact of lacosamide on mood disorders in adult patients with epilepsy: A systematic review

Author: Sofia Toniolo, Marco Bozzali, Mahinda Yogarajah, and Francesco Di Lorenzo
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Lacosamide, MEDLINE, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), Retrospective Studies, Clinical Trials as Topic, business.industry, Mood Disorders, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Discontinuation, Mood, Neurology, Mood disorders, Anxiety, Anticonvulsants, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Mood disorders such as depression and anxiety have a high prevalence in adult patients with epilepsy, and their evaluation is crucial in choosing the most appropriate antiepileptic drug (AED) with regard to side effects, which can account for long-term discontinuation, poor compliance, and ultimately, failure of seizure control. While more evidence is provided for older AEDs on their effect on mood changes, newer AEDs such as lacosamide have not yet been extensively studied. We performed a systematic review of the literature available on the impact of lacosamide on mood in adult patients with epilepsy. A literature search on MEDLINE, COCHRANE, Scielo, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases was performed, and articles where mood scales where specifically reported as primary or secondary outcome measures were included. Articles differed greatly in terms of inclusion criteria, concomitant AEDs, seizure reduction control, and outcome measures. If lacosamide is used as add-on, two studies point towards a beneficial effect on depressive and anxiety symptoms, two studies claim no effects on mood, and one reports a positive effect only in patients with major depressive symptoms at baseline. Additional evidence from either retrospective or comparative drug studies indicates no effects of lacosamide on mood. Even though presently, a negative effect on mood seems unlikely, whether lacosamide could exert a beneficial impact on mood remains controversial. Multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind studies are needed to assess the impact on lacosamide on mood disorders, given the low evidence level (Class III and IV) of currently available studies.
Published: 2020

20. Cerebellar white matter disruption in Alzheimer’s Disease patients: a Diffusion Tensor Imaging study

Author: Giusy Olivito, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Marco Bozzali, Camillo Marra, Carlo Caltagirone, Sofia Toniolo, Laura Serra, and Mara Cercignani
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, cerebellum, Uncinate fasciculus, Neuropsychological Tests, Corpus callosum, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, Fractional anisotropy, Middle cerebellar peduncle, medicine, Humans, Alzheimer's disease, diffusion tensor imaging, probabilistic tractography, white matter, Aged, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Superior longitudinal fasciculus, General Medicine, Anatomy, Middle Aged, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, RC0346, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diffusion MRI, Tractography
Abstract: The cognitive role of the cerebellum has recently gained much attention, and its pivotal role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has now been widely recognized. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to evaluate the disruption of the microstructural milieu in AD, and though several white matter (WM) tracts such as corpus callosum, inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum, fornix, and uncinate fasciculus have been evaluated in AD, data on cerebellar WM tracts are currently lacking. We performed a tractography-based DTI reconstruction of the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), and the left and right superior cerebellar peduncles separately (SCPL and SCPR) and addressed the differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (Dax), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD) in the three tracts between 50 patients with AD and 25 healthy subjects. We found that AD patients showed a lower FA and a higher RD compared to healthy subjects in MCP, SCPL, and SCPR. Moreover, a higher MD was found in SCPR and SCPL and a higher Dax in SCPL. This result is important as it challenges the traditional view that WM bundles in the cerebellum are unaffected in AD and might identify new targets for therapeutic interventions.
Published: 2020

21. Understanding Factors Associated With Psychomotor Subtypes of Delirium in Older Inpatients With Dementia

Author: Morandi, Alessandro, primary, Zambon, Antonella, additional, Di Santo, Simona G., additional, Mazzone, Andrea, additional, Cherubini, Antonio, additional, Mossello, Enrico, additional, Bo, Mario, additional, Marengoni, Alessandra, additional, Bellelli, Giuseppe, additional, Rispoli, Vincenzo, additional, Malara, Alba, additional, Spadea, Fausto, additional, Di Cello, Serena, additional, Ceravolo, Francesco, additional, Fabiano, Francesco, additional, Chiaradia, Giuseppe, additional, Gabriele, Amedeo, additional, Lenino, Peluso, additional, Andrea, Taristano, additional, Settembrini, Vincenzo, additional, Capomolla, Domenico, additional, Citrino, Antonella, additional, Scriva, Antonietta, additional, Bruno, Irene, additional, Secchi, Roberto, additional, De Martino, Eugenio, additional, Muccinelli, Roberto, additional, Lupi, Gerardo, additional, Paonessa, Patrizio, additional, Fabbri, Andrea, additional, Passuti, Maria Teresa, additional, Castellari, Sofia, additional, Po, Andrea, additional, Gaggioli, Guido, additional, Varesi, Massimo, additional, Moneti, Paolo, additional, Capurso, Sebastiano, additional, Latini, Vincenzo, additional, Ghidotti, Stefano, additional, Riccardelli, Francesco, additional, Macchi, Maurizio, additional, Rigo, Rosaria, additional, Claudio, Pascale, additional, Angelo, Bosio, additional, Flavio, Cerrato, additional, Benedetta, Bardelli, additional, Boffelli, Stefano, additional, Cassinadri, Angela, additional, Franzoni, Simone, additional, Spazzini, Elena, additional, Andretto, Daniela, additional, Tonini, Gabriele, additional, Andreani, Laura, additional, Coralli, Mirco, additional, Balotta, Antonio, additional, Cancelliere, Roberto, additional, Ballardini, Giorgio, additional, Simoncelli, Margherita, additional, Mancini, Annarita, additional, Strazzacapa, Mara, additional, Fabio, Stefano, additional, De Filippi, Francesco, additional, Giudice, Chiara, additional, Dentizzi, Cosimo, additional, Azzini, Margherita, additional, Cazzadori, Marco, additional, Mastroeni, Valeria, additional, Bertassello, Paolo, additional, Claudia Benati, Helena Santana, additional, Nesta, Elisa, additional, Tobaldini, Chiara, additional, Guerini, Fabio, additional, Elena, Tambara, additional, Mombelloni, Paolo, additional, Fontanini, Fulvio, additional, Gabriella, Lassa, additional, Pizzorni, Crosio, additional, Oliverio, Martina, additional, Del Grosso, Luciano Luca, additional, Giavedoni, Cristina, additional, Bidoli, Giuliano, additional, Mazzei, Bruno, additional, Corsonello, Andrea, additional, Fusco, Sergio, additional, Vena, Silvio, additional, De Vuono, Tommaso, additional, Maiuri, Giorgio, additional, Luca, Fimognari Filippo, additional, Andrea, Arone, additional, Giovanni, Sgrò, additional, Rossella, Nicolazzo, additional, Castegnaro, Eugenio, additional, De Rosa, Salvatore, additional, Sechi, Rossella Bazzano, additional, Benvenuti, Enrico, additional, Del Lungo, Ilaria, additional, Giardini, Sante, additional, Giulietti, Chiara, additional, Mauro, Di Bari, additional, Eleonora, Barghini, additional, Martina, Paoli, additional, Irene, Fiordelli, additional, Riccardo, Barucci, additional, Federica, Sgrilli, additional, Ilaria, Del Lungo, additional, Bertoletti, Erik, additional, D'Amico, Ferdinando, additional, Caronzolo, Francesco, additional, Grippa, Alessandro, additional, Lombardo, Giuseppina, additional, Pipicella, Tiziana, additional, Antonino, Saitta, additional, Francesco, Corica, additional, Valeria, Prestipino Giarritta, additional, Daniela, Larosa, additional, Domenico, Cucinotta, additional, Giorgio, Basile, additional, March, Albert, additional, Nitti, Maria Teresa, additional, Felici, Alessandro, additional, Pavan, Silvia, additional, Piazzani, Fabrizio, additional, Lunelli, Alessandra, additional, Dimori, Sergio, additional, Margotta, Alessandro, additional, Soglia, Tiziano, additional, Postacchini, Demetrio, additional, Brunelli, Roberto, additional, Santini, Silvia, additional, Francavilla, Monia, additional, Macchiati, Ilenia, additional, Sorvillo, Francesca, additional, Giuli, Cinzia, additional, Mecocci, Patrizia, additional, Longo, Annalisa, additional, Perticone, Francesco, additional, Addesi, Desireè, additional, Rosa, Paola Cerra, additional, Bencardino, Giuseppe, additional, Falbo, Tania, additional, Grillo, Nadia, additional, Marco, Filice, additional, Mirella, Flippo, additional, Fantò, Fausto, additional, Isaia, Gianluca, additional, Pezzilli, Stella, additional, Bergamo, Daniele, additional, Furno, Elisabetta, additional, Rrodhe, Sokol, additional, Lucarini, Simonetta, additional, Dijk, Babette, additional, Dall'Acqua, Francesca, additional, Cappelletto, Francesco, additional, Calvani, Donatella, additional, Becheri, Dimitri, additional, Giuseppe, Mottino, additional, Costanza, Mitidieri, additional, Vito, Antonio, additional, Francesca, Bartalucci, additional, Magherini, Lorenza, additional, Novella, Malin, additional, Franca, Boni, additional, Lucia Gambardella, Paoli Martina, additional, Valente, Carlo, additional, Ilaria, Bracali, additional, Alice, Foschini, additional, Porrino, Paola, additional, Ceci, Giacomo, additional, Giuliana, Bottignole, additional, Michela, Tibaldi, additional, Eleonora, Coppo, additional, Ettore, Evaristo, additional, Camellini, Cinzia, additional, Servello, Adriana, additional, Grassi, Alessandro, additional, Rozzini, Renzo, additional, Tironi, Sara, additional, Grassi, Maria Grazia, additional, Troisi, Elio, additional, Carlo, Caltagirone, additional, Simona Gabriella, Di Santo, additional, Flaminia, Franchini, additional, Federica, Ratto, additional, Beatrice, Pavoni, additional, Sofia, Toniolo, additional, Gabutto, Anna, additional, Quazzo, Loredana, additional, Rosatello, Annalisa, additional, Suraci, Domenico, additional, Tagliabue, Benedetta, additional, Perrone, Chiara, additional, Ferrara, Lucia, additional, Castagna, Alberto, additional, Tremolada, Maria Luisa, additional, Giuseppe, Castoldi, additional, Stefano, Barbero, additional, Davide, Oltramonti, additional, Piano, Simonetta, additional, Serviddio, Gaetano, additional, Lo Buglio, Aurelio, additional, Gurrera, Tiziana, additional, Merlo, Valeria, additional, Rovai, Carla, additional, Cotroneo, Antonino Maria, additional, Carlucci, Rosaria, additional, Abbaldo, Anna, additional, Monzani, Fabio, additional, Qasem, Ahmad Amedeo, additional, Bini, Giacomo, additional, Tafuto, Silvia, additional, Galli, Giovanni, additional, Bruni, Amalia Cecilia, additional, Mancuso, Giovanna, additional, Mancuso, Gerardo, additional, Calipari, Daniela, additional, Giuseppe Massimiliano, De Luca, additional, Bernardini, Bruno, additional, Corsini, Carla, additional, Michele, Ciccarelli, additional, Sara, Dal Farra, additional, Cagnin, Annachiara, additional, Fragiacomo, Federica, additional, Pompanin, Sara, additional, Piero, Amodio, additional, Marco, Cagnin, additional, Zurlo, Amedeo, additional, Guerra, Gianluca, additional, Pala, Marco, additional, Menozzi, Luca, additional, Gatti, Chiara Delli, additional, Magon, Stefania, additional, Roberto, Manfredini, additional, Alfredo, De Giorgi, additional, Fabio, Fabbian, additional, Ruana, Tiseo, additional, Elisa, Misurati, additional, Benedetta, Boari, additional, Christian, Molino, additional, Marco, Pala, additional, Massimo, Gallerani, additional, Di Francesco, Vincenzo, additional, Faccioli, Silvia, additional, Pellizzari, Luca, additional, Giorgia, Fontana, additional, Barbagallo, Giuseppe, additional, Lunardelli, Maria Lia, additional, Martini, Emilio, additional, Ferrari, Eleonora, additional, Macchiarulo, Maria, additional, Corneli, Maria, additional, Bacci, Monica, additional, Battaglia, Giuseppe, additional, Anastasio, Luigi, additional, Lo Storto, Mario Sostene, additional, Seresin, Chiara, additional, Simonato, Matteo, additional, Loreggian, Michele, additional, Cestonaro, Fausta, additional, Durando, Mario, additional, Latella, Raffaele, additional, Mazzoleni, Marta, additional, Russo, Giuseppe, additional, Ponte, Martino, additional, Valchera, Alessandro, additional, Salustri, Giuseppe, additional, Petritola, Donatella, additional, Costa, Alfredo, additional, Sinforiani, Elena, additional, Cotta, Matteo Ramusino, additional, Pizio, Renato Nicola, additional, Cester, Alberto, additional, Formilan, Marino, additional, Pietro, Bonometto, additional, Carbone, Pasqualina, additional, Cazzaniga, Ilaria, additional, Appollonio, Ildebrando, additional, Cereda, Diletta, additional, Stabile, Andrea, additional, Xhani, Rubjona, additional, Acampora, Roberto, additional, Tremolizzo, Lucio, additional, Federico, Pieruzzi, additional, Antonio, Ciaccio, additional, Valerio, Pontecorvi, additional, Cesare, Burti, additional, Zhirajr, Mokini, additional, Giovanni, Vitale, additional, Maria, Amigoni, additional, Mariaelena, Sparacino, additional, Bottacchi, Edo, additional, Bucciantini, Elisabetta, additional, Di Giovanni, Marco, additional, Franchi, Fabrizio, additional, Lucchetti, Lucio, additional, Mariani, Claudio, additional, Grande, Giulia, additional, Rapazzini, Piero, additional, Marco, Mauri, additional, Romanelli, Giuseppe, additional, Franco, Nicosia, additional, Alessio, Margola, additional, Stefano, Bonardelli, additional, Nicola, Latronico, additional, Laura, Porcella, additional, Nazario, Portolani, additional, Carlo, Concoreggi, additional, Chiara, Grassini, additional, Soccorso, Pronto, additional, Andrea, Salvi, additional, Luca, Bianchetti, additional, Francesca, Spagnoli, additional, Roberto, Apuzzo, additional, Marco, Fontanella, additional, Anna, Ceraso, additional, Francesco, Castelli, additional, Fugazza, Luciano, additional, Guerrini, Chiara, additional, De Paduanis, Giovanna, additional, Iallonardo, Lucia, additional, Palumbo, Pasquale, additional, Zuliani, Giovanni, additional, Ortolani, Beatrice, additional, Capatti, Eleonora, additional, Soavi, Cecilia, additional, Bianchi, Lara, additional, Francesconi, Daniela, additional, Miselli, Agata, additional, Gloria, Brombo, additional, Tommaso, Romagnoli, additional, Chiara, Pazzaglini, additional, Agata, Miselli Maria, additional, Marco, Dall'Agata, additional, Luca, Menozzi, additional, Gianluca, Guerra, additional, Suardi, Teresa, additional, Zaccarini, Cinzia, additional, Manuela, Riva, additional, Mirra, Gianluca, additional, Muti, Ettore, additional, Bottura, Renato, additional, Gianpaolo, Moretti, additional, Secreto, Piero, additional, Bisio, Erika, additional, Cecchettani, Marco, additional, Naldi, Tamara, additional, Pallavicino, Alessandra, additional, Pugliese, Michela, additional, Iozzo, Rosaria Cosima, additional, Grassi, Guido, additional, Michele, Bombelli, additional, Raffaella, Dell'Oro, additional, Fosca, Quarti Trevano, additional, Giorgio, Giussani Carlo, additional, Giovanni, Paternò, additional, Ernesto, Contro, additional, Mannironi, Antonio, additional, Giorli, Elisa, additional, Oberti, Sara, additional, Fierro, Brigida, additional, Piccoli, Tommaso, additional, Giacalone, Fabio, additional, Mandas, Antonella, additional, Serchisu, Luca, additional, Costaggiu, Diego, additional, Pinna, Elisa, additional, Orrù, Francesca, additional, Mannai, Martina, additional, Cordioli, Zeno, additional, Pelizzari, Luca, additional, Turcato, Emanuela, additional, Arduini, Pietro, additional, Cacace, Carlo, additional, Chiloiro, Roberta, additional, Cimino, Rosella, additional, Ruberto, Carmen, additional, Giovanni, Ruotolo, additional, Pietro, Gareri, additional, Laura, Greco, additional, Alberto, Castagna, additional, Carmen, Ruberto, additional, Santo, Pierluigi Dal, additional, Andriolli, Antonino, additional, Burattin, Giuseppe, additional, Rossi, Laura, additional, Andreolli Antonino, Cervati Giovanna, additional, Giuseppe, Catalano, additional, Tezza, Fabiana, additional, Maddalena, Pizzardini, additional, Laura, Stievano, additional, Crippa, Patrizia, additional, Aloisio, Paola, additional, Di Monda, Tiziana, additional, Malighetti, Alessandro, additional, Galbassini, Gloria, additional, Salutis, Domus, additional, Ivaldi, Claudio, additional, Russo, Anna Maria, additional, Bennati, Ettore, additional, Pino, Elisabetta, additional, Zavarise, Gianmaria, additional, Pesci, Alberto, additional, Suigo, Giulia, additional, Faverio, Paola, additional, Andrea, Gori, additional, Sabrina, Perego, additional, Zanasi, Massimo, additional, Moniello, Giovanni, additional, Rostagno, Carlo, additional, Cartei, Alessandro, additional, Polidori, Gianluca, additional, Ungar, Andrea, additional, Melis, Maria Ramona, additional, Martellini, Eleonora, additional, Enrico, Mossello, additional, Monica, Torrini, additional, Antonella, Giordano, additional, Giovanna, Leone, additional, Migliorini, Marta, additional, Caramelli, Francesca, additional, Battiston, Bruno, additional, Berardino, Maurizio, additional, Cavallo, Simona, additional, Alessandro, Massè, additional, Anna, Santoro, additional, Lombardi, Bruna, additional, D'Ippolito, Pierpaolo, additional, Furini, Angela, additional, Villani, Daniele, additional, Clara, Raimondi, additional, Guarneri, Massimo, additional, Paolucci, Stefano, additional, Bassi, Andrea, additional, Coiro, Paola, additional, De Angelis, Domenico, additional, Morone, Giovanni, additional, Venturiero, Vincenzo, additional, Palleschi, Lorenzo, additional, Raganato, Paolo, additional, Di Niro, Giuseppina, additional, Rosa, Casini Anna, additional, Loredana, Bove, additional, Imoscopi, Alessandra, additional, Isaia, Giancarlo, additional, Tibaldi, V., additional, Bottignole G, G., additional, Calvi, E., additional, Clementi, C., additional, Zanocchi, M., additional, Agosta, L., additional, Nortarelli, Antonella, additional, Provenzano, Giuseppe, additional, Mari, Daniela, additional, Romano, Federica Ylenia, additional, Rosini, Francesca, additional, Mansi, Marta, additional, Rossi, Silvia, additional, Geriatria, Alex Riccardelli, additional, Inzaghi, Lorenzo, additional, Bonini, Giulia, additional, Rossi, Paolo, additional, Potena, Alfredo, additional, Lichii, Mihaela, additional, Candiani, Tiziana, additional, Grimaldi, William, additional, Bertani, Emiliano, additional, Alessandra, Porta, additional, Calogero, Pietro, additional, Pinto, Daniela, additional, Bernardi, Roberto, additional, Nicolino, Francesco, additional, Galetti, Caterina, additional, Gianstefani, Alice, additional, Giulia, Corvalli, additional, Lorenzo, Mulazzani, additional, Odetti, Patrizio, additional, Monacelli, Fiammetta, additional, Prefumo, Matteo, additional, Fiammetta, Monacelli, additional, Canepa, Marta, additional, Minaglia, Cecilia, additional, Paolisso, Giuseppe, additional, Rizzo, Maria Rosaria, additional, Prestano, Raffaele, additional, Dalise, Anna Maria, additional, Barra, Davide, additional, Bosco, Livio Dal, additional, Asprinio, Vincenzo, additional, Dallape, Luciana, additional, Perina, Elisa, additional, Incalzi, Raffaele Antonelli, additional, Bartoli, Isaura Rossi, additional, Pluderi, Alice, additional, Maina, Antonella, additional, Pecoraro, Elisabetta, additional, Sciarra, Michela, additional, Prudente, Angela, additional, Paola, Maina, additional, Francesca, Mete, additional, Manuel, Ventura, additional, Luisella, Cesari, additional, Maria, Pernigotti Luigi, additional, Tina, Santangelo, additional, Benini, Lucia, additional, Levato, Francesco, additional, Mhiuta, Victor, additional, Alius, Florin, additional, Davidoaia, Diana, additional, Giardini, Vittorio, additional, Garancini, Mattia, additional, Bellamoli, Claudio, additional, Terranova, Luciano, additional, Bozzini, Claudia, additional, Tosoni, Paolo, additional, Provoli, Emma, additional, Cascone, Luisa, additional, Dioli, Andrea, additional, Ferrarin, Gianfranco, additional, Bucci, Adelmo, additional, Bua, Guido, additional, Fenu, Sara, additional, Bianchi, Giovanna, additional, Casella, Silvia, additional, Romano, Valentina, additional, Maurizio, Poli, additional, Mascherona, Ilenia, additional, Belotti, Gloria, additional, Cavaliere, Sabina, additional, Cuni, Estella, additional, Merciuc, Nina, additional, Oberti, Rosella, additional, Veneziani, Silvia, additional, Capoferri, Emanuela, additional, De Bernardi, Elisabetta, additional, Colombo, Katia, additional, Bravi, Marco, additional, Nicoletta, Negrinotti, additional, D'Arcangelo, Paolo, additional, Montenegro, Nicola, additional, Montanari, Roberto, additional, Lamanna, Pierpaolo, additional, Gasperini, Beatrice, additional, Isabella, Montesi, additional, Stefania, Diotallevi, additional, Gaia, Altobelli, additional, Filippo, Calcinaro, additional, Palamà, Chiara, additional, Di Emidio, Chiara, additional, Scarpini, Elio, additional, Arighi, Andrea, additional, Fumagalli, Giorgio, additional, Basilico, Paola, additional, De Amicis Margherita, Migone, additional, Marta, Mancarella, additional, Diletta, Maira, additional, Granata, Antonino, additional, Ranalli, Claudia, additional, Cammilli, Alessandra, additional, Cavallini, Maria Chiara, additional, Tricca, Manola, additional, Natella, Daniela, additional, Gabbani, Luciano, additional, Tesi, Francesca, additional, Martella, Letizia, additional, Imbrici, Rosalba, additional, Guerrini, Gianbattista, additional, Scotuzzi, Anna Maria, additional, Sozzi, Ferdinando, additional, Valenti, Luigi, additional, Chiarello, Antonino, additional, Monia, Monella, additional, Pilotto, Alberto, additional, Prete, Camilla, additional, Senesi, Barbara, additional, Meta, Anna Cristina, additional, Pendenza, Enrico, additional, Pasqualetti, Giuseppe, additional, Polini, Antonio, additional, Tognini, Sara, additional, Ballino, Elena, additional, Dell'Aquila, Giuseppina, additional, Gasparrini, Pina Maria, additional, Marotti, Elisabetta, additional, Migale, Monica, additional, Scrimieri, Antonia, additional, Falsetti, Lorenzo, additional, Salvi, Aldo, additional, Toigo, Gabriele, additional, Ceschia, Giuliano, additional, Rosso, Alessia, additional, Tongiorgi, Chiara, additional, Scarpa, Cristina, additional, Maurizio, Pacchioni, additional, De Dominicis, Luigino, additional, Pucci, Eugenio, additional, Renzi, Sara, additional, Cartechini, Elisabetta, additional, Tomassini, Pia Francesca, additional, Del Gobbo, Maurizio, additional, Ugenti, Francesca, additional, Romeo, Pasquale, additional, Nardelli, Anna, additional, Lauretani, Fulvio, additional, Visioli, Sandra, additional, Montanari, Ilaria, additional, Ermini, Francesca, additional, Giordano, Antonio, additional, Pigato, Giorgio, additional, Simeone, Emilio, additional, Barbujani, Mario, additional, Giampieri, Marina, additional, Amoruso, Raffaele, additional, Piccinini, Maristella, additional, Ferrari, Camilla, additional, Gambetti, Claudio, additional, Sfrappini, Mario, additional, Semeraro, Letizia, additional, Striuli, Rinaldo, additional, Mariani, Claudia, additional, Pelliccioni, Giuseppe, additional, Marinelli, Donatella, additional, Fabi, Katia, additional, Rossi, Tommaso, additional, Pesallaccia, Martina, additional, Sabbatini, Debora, additional, Gobbi, Beatrice, additional, Cerqua, Raffaella, additional, Tagliani, Giancarla, additional, Schlauser, Elena, additional, Caser, Luciano, additional, Caramello, Elisa, additional, Sandigliano, Franca, additional, Rosso, Giorgio, additional, Ferrari, Alberto, additional, Bendini, Chiara, additional, Luisa, Davoli Maria, additional, Casella, Monica, additional, Prampolini, Raffaella, additional, Scevola, Moreno, additional, Vitale, Enrico, additional, Roberto, Brugiolo, additional, Carlo, Fagherazzi, additional, Sergio, Fusco, additional, Alberto, Scarpa, additional, Daniela, Zara, additional, Giulia, Bertozzo, additional, Serena, Granziera, additional, Michele, Barazzuol, additional, Maugeri, Domenico, additional, Sorace, Rosaria, additional, Anzaldi, Massimiliano, additional, De Gesu, Roberto, additional, Morrone, Giuseppe, additional, Davolio, Federica, additional, Fabbo, Andrea, additional, Palmieri, Marina, additional, Zoli, Marco, additional, Forti, Paola, additional, Pirazzoli, Luca, additional, Fabbri, Elisa, additional, Terenzi, Laura, additional, Bergolari, Federica, additional, Wenter, Christian, additional, Ruffini, Ingrid, additional, Insam, Miriam, additional, Abraham, Elisabeth, additional, Kirchlechner, Christine, additional, Cucinotta, Domenico, additional, Antonino, Lasco, additional, Basile, Giorgio, additional, Grazia, Arena Maria, additional, Parise, Pasquale, additional, Boccali, Andrea, additional, Amici, Serena, additional, Gambacorta, Maurizia, additional, Lasagni, Anna, additional, Lovati, Roberto, additional, Giovinazzo, Francesca, additional, Kimak, Elzbieta, additional, Zappa, Paolo, additional, Medici, Francesco, additional, Lo Castro, Marika, additional, Mauro, Flavia, additional, De Luca, Alessandro, additional, Sancesario, Giuseppe, additional, Martorana, Alessandro, additional, Scaricamazza, Beatrice, additional, Toniolo, Sofia, additional, Di Lorenzo, Francesco, additional, Liguori, Claudio, additional, Lasco, Antonino, additional, Vita, Natale, additional, Giomi, Mirna, additional, Forte, Floriana, additional, Padovani, Alessandro, additional, Rozzini, Luca, additional, Ceraso, Anna, additional, Salvatore, Caratozzolo, additional, Cottino, Maria, additional, Vitali, Silvia, additional, Marelli, Eleonora, additional, Tripi, Gabriele, additional, Miceli, Salvatore, additional, Urso, Giovanni, additional, Grioni, Giuseppe, additional, Vezzadini, Giuliana, additional, Misaggi, Giulia, additional, Forlani, Chiara, additional, Avanzi, Stefano, additional, Serena, Saulle, additional, Claudia, Casarini, additional, Marilena, Viggiano, additional, Alberto, Luisa, additional, Diego, Ghianda, additional, Alessandro, Giordano, additional, Iemolo, Francesco, additional, Giordano, Antonello, additional, Sanzaro, Enzo, additional, D'Asta, Gabriele, additional, Proietto, Maria, additional, Carnemolla, Anna, additional, Razza, Grazia, additional, Spadaro, Daniela, additional, Bertolotti, Marco, additional, Mussi, Chiara, additional, Neviani, Francesca, additional, Roberto, Chiesa, additional, Valentina, Guerzoni, additional, Linda, Morselli, additional, Francesca, Venturelli, additional, Tarozzi, Adriano, additional, Balestri, Francesca, additional, Mannarino, Giulio, additional, Bigolari, Michela, additional, Natale, Alessia, additional, Grassi, Simona, additional, Bottaro, Cinzia, additional, Stefanelli, Sara, additional, Bovone, Ugo, additional, Tortorolo, Umberto, additional, Quadri, Roberto, additional, Leone, Giuseppe, additional, Ponzetto, Maria, additional, Frasson, Paola, additional, Annoni, Giorgio, additional, Bruni, Adriana, additional, Confalonieri, Roberto, additional, Corsi, Maurizio, additional, Moretti, Daniela, additional, Teruzzi, Fabiola, additional, Umidi, Simona, additional, Mazzola, Paolo, additional, Perego, Sabrina, additional, Persico, Ilaria, additional, Olivieri, Giulia, additional, Bonfanti, Alessandra, additional, Hajnalka, Szabò, additional, Galeazzi, Marianna, additional, Massariello, Francesca, additional, Anzuini, Alessandra, additional, Caffarra, Paolo, additional, Barocco, Federica, additional, Spallazzi, Marco, additional, Paolo, Ceda Gian, additional, Simonetta, Morganti, additional, Andrea, Artoni, additional, Chioatto, Paolo, additional, Bortolamei, Sandra, additional, Soattin, Lucia, additional, Ruotolo, Giovanni, additional, Beneamino, Borelli, additional, Giuseppe, Barilaro, additional, Bertazzoli, Marco, additional, Rota, Elisabetta, additional, Adobati, Annamaria, additional, Scarpa, Alberto, additional, Granziera, Serena, additional, Zuccher, Paola, additional, Fabbro, Angela Dal, additional, Zara, Daniela, additional, Lo Nigro, Ambra, additional, Franchetti, Lorena, additional, Toniolo, Marika, additional, Marcuzzo, Cinzia, additional, Rollone, Marco, additional, Guerriero, Fabio, additional, Sgarlata, Carmelo, additional, Massè, Alessandro, additional, Zatti, Giovanni, additional, Piatti, Massimiliano, additional, Graci, Jole, additional, Benati, Giuseppe, additional, Boschi, Federica, additional, Biondi, Mario, additional, Fiumi, Nicoletta, additional, Erika, Tamburini, additional, Locatelli, Sergio Mario, additional, Mauri, Sabrina, additional, Beretta, Mauro, additional, Margheritis, Laura, additional, Desideri, Giovanbattista, additional, Liberatore, Ester, additional, Carucci, Anna Cecilia, additional, Bonino, Paolo, additional, Caput, Margherita, additional, Antonietti, Maria Paola, additional, Polistena, Giuseppe, additional, De la Pierre, Franz, additional, Mari, Marcello, additional, Massignani, Paola, additional, Tombesi, Fabio, additional, Selvaggio, Fabio, additional, Verbo, Brunella, additional, Bodoni, Paolo, additional, Marchionni, Niccolò, additional, Sabatini, Tony, additional, Mussio, Eleonora, additional, Magni, Eugenio, additional, Bianchetti, Angelo, additional, Crucitti, Andrea, additional, Titoldini, Giulia, additional, Cossu, Beatrice, additional, Fascendini, Sara, additional, Licini, Cristina, additional, Tomasoni, Angela, additional, Calderazzo, Massimo, additional, Daniela, Tropiano, additional, Valentina, Laganà, additional, Melotti, Rita Maria, additional, Lilli, Albina, additional, Buda, Simona, additional, Adversi, Marco, additional, Noro, Gabriele, additional, Turco, Renato, additional, Ubezio, M Chiara, additional, Mantovani, Anna Roberta, additional, Viola, Maria Cristina, additional, Serrati, Carlo, additional, Pretta, Stefano, additional, Infante, Maria, additional, Gentile, Simona, additional, Morandi, Alessandro, additional, D'Ambrosio, Viviana, additional, Mazzanti, Paolo, additional, Brambilla, Cristina, additional, Sportelli, Silvia, additional, Platto, Caterina, additional, Faraci, Bianca, additional, Quattrocchi, Daniela, additional, Pernigotti, Luigi Maria, additional, Pisu, Cristina, additional, Sicuro, Francesca, additional, Zagnoni, Piergiuseppe, additional, Ghiglia, Stefania, additional, Mosca, Massimiliano, additional, Corazzin, Ileana, additional, Deola, Mariangela, additional, Biagini, Carlo Adriano, additional, Bencini, Francesca, additional, Cantini, Claudia, additional, Tonon, Elisabetta, additional, Pierinelli, Silvia, additional, Onofrj, Marco, additional, Thomas, Astrid, additional, Filomena, Borbone, additional, Bonanni, Laura, additional, Gabriella, Cacchiò, additional, Comi, Giancarlo, additional, Magnani, Giuseppe, additional, Santangelo, Roberto, additional, Mazzeo, Salvatore, additional, Giuseppe, Magnani, additional, Francesca, Caso, additional, Giordano, Cecchetti, additional, Roberto, Sant'Angelo, additional, Barbieri, Cristina, additional, Giroldi, Liviana, additional, Bandini, Fabio, additional, Masina, Marco, additional, Malservisi, Simona, additional, Cicognani, Annalena, additional, Ricca, Laura, additional, Piccininni, Maristella, additional, Tassinari, Tiziana, additional, Brogi, Davide, additional, Sugo, Annalisa, additional, Alessandra, Filippi, additional, Sonia, Manfredi, additional, Valerio, Vanni, additional, Andrea, Usai Carlo, additional, Enrico, Colombo, additional, Vera, Renna Francesca, additional, Assunta, Sauchella, additional, Gianmaria, Zavarise, additional, Mauro, Prete, additional, Pietro, Bisagni, additional, Roberto, Masini, additional, Salvatore, Carrabetta, additional, Barone, Antonella, additional, Razzano, Monica, additional, Giuseppe, Imperoli, additional, Angela, Bini, additional, Francesco, Serra, additional, Valeria, D'Agostino, additional, Federico, Gianolla, additional, Lucia, Pietrangeli, additional, Antonella, Velardi, additional, Elisabetta, Di Cello, additional, Cristina, Rosati, additional, Nadia, Casali, additional, Maria, Sessa, additional, Luciano, Abruzzi, additional, Chiara, Costanzi, additional, Bini, Paolo, additional, Pignata, Michele, additional, Enrico, Buonagurio, additional, Maria, Vollery, additional, Giovanni, Carrieri, additional, Giorgio, Cioni, additional, Andrea, Toschi, additional, Marco, Metra, additional, Piera, Ranieri, additional, Alberto, Zucchelli, additional, Ceccon, Anna, additional, Magrin, Laura, additional, Marin, Sara, additional, Barbara, Sofia, additional, Marco, Masina, additional, Laura, Ghedini, additional, Matteo, Moroni, additional, Marco, Paragona, additional, Caterina, Pallotti Maria, additional, Carla, Rota, additional, Federica, Gottardi, additional, Clara, Tomasoni, additional, Melania, Cappuccio, additional, Giampaolo, Bonini, additional, Stefano, Guerini, additional, Valeria, Guerini, additional, Lucia, Merla, additional, Giovambattista, Desideri, additional, Ester, Liberatore, additional, Cecilia, Carucci Anna, additional, Maurizio, Tovaglieri, additional, Vera, Renna Frandesca, additional, Nadia, Bongiorni, additional, Grillo, Antonio, additional, Arenare, Francesca, additional, Tonino, Mineo, additional, David, Kanah, additional, Giorgio, Vianello Piero, additional, Ubaldo, Balducci, additional, Vincenzo, Sidoti, additional, Stefano, Montanari, additional, Marino, Formilan, additional, Busonera Flavio, Murelli Teodolindo, additional, Paolo, Albanese, additional, Monica, Maselli, additional, Francesco, Bolzetta, additional, Roberto, Fabris, additional, Paolo, Bonino, additional, DuranteMangoni, Emanuele, additional, Testoni, Michela, additional, Fabio, Di Stefano, additional, Loredana, Seccia, additional, Valeria, Sonzini, additional, Fabiano, Maria, additional, Annabella, Di Giorgio, additional, Salvatore, De Cosmo, additional, Greco, Antonio, additional, Grazia, D'Onofrio, additional, Daniele, Sancarlo, additional, Gianluca, Resta, additional, Renzo, Girardello, additional, Sergio, Minervini, additional, Morena, Boni, additional, Vitali, Mariagrazia, additional, Marina, Pizzoni, additional, Paolo, De Colle, additional, Cristina, Scarpa, additional, Alessandra, Frattola, additional, Orlandini, Francesco, additional, La Regina, Micaela, additional, Desirée, Addesi, additional, Mirella, Filippo, additional, Mario, Bo, additional, Paola, Porrino, additional, Padulo, Filomena, additional, Cristina, Margheriti, additional, Dario, Rolano, additional, Giancarla, Moscatelli, additional, Guido, Radaelli, additional, Elena, Montini, additional, Prete, Cosimo, additional, Marileda, Novello, additional, Igor, Bramuzzo, additional, Nicole, Bertin, additional, Elena, Rinaldo, additional, Paolillo, Ciro, additional, Riccardi, Angela, additional, Claudia, Benedetti, additional, Barbara, Rizzi, additional, Francesca, Montagna, additional, Silvia, Vitali, additional, Chiara, Cutaia, additional, Oliver, Baca, additional, Mauro, Colombo, additional, Eleonora, Marelli, additional, Giuseppe, Procino, additional, Rosaria, Tararà, additional, Maria, Cottino, additional, Davide, Dell'Acqua, additional, Stefania, Cislaghi, additional, Marco, Cairati, additional, Massimo, Porta, additional, Luca, Scaglione, additional, Martina, De Feo, additional, Paola, Vertolli, additional, Lia, Salvati, additional, Sandro, Cinotti, additional, Valentina, De Santis, additional, Erminia, Biferi, additional, Paola, Cheli, additional, Romina, Rebizzo, additional, Minisola, Salvatore, additional, Luciano, Colangelo, additional, Pasquale, Abete, additional, Ilaria, Liguori, additional, Francesca, Curcio, additional, Guglielmo, Spassini, additional, Marco, Engheben, additional, Sara, Rotunno, additional, Paola, Arosio, additional, Claudio, Angelini, additional, Francesco, Reggiani, additional, Alessandro, Cappelli, additional, Simona, Marcheselli, additional, Lara, Fratticci, additional, Paola, Ranzani, additional, Simonetta, Cesarini, additional, Antonella, Cerini, additional, Generoso, Uomo, additional, Fernando, Gallucci, additional, Giuliano, Ceschia, additional, Emanuela, Serra, additional, Mariolina, Sola, additional, Alessandro, Delitala, additional, Chiara, Pes, additional, Giulia, Lobianco, additional, Alessandro, Giani, additional, Famularo, Simone, additional, Sandini, Marta, additional, Pinotti, Enrico, additional, Gianotti, Luca, additional, Antonella, Battuello, additional, Giulia, Pintore, additional, Sante, Giardini, additional, Rossi, Andrea, additional, Rubele, Sofia, additional, Sant, Selena, additional, Marco, Vignati, additional, Danila, Clerici, additional, Fabio, Rosa, additional, Bandirali, Maria Pia, additional, Nicoletta, Cattaneo, additional, Laura, Boffi, additional, Paolo, Tosoni, additional, Luciano, Terranova, additional, Leonello, Avalli, additional, Margherita, Scanziani, additional, Stefania, De Notaris, additional, Pierluigi, Del Santo, additional, Laura, Rossi, additional, Fabiana, Tezza, additional, Giovanna, Cervati, additional, Antonino, Andreolli, additional, Felice, Catalano, additional, Giuseppe, Burattin, additional, Danilo, Fogli, additional, Giovanna, Di Bella, additional, Francesco, Landi, additional, Salini, Sara, additional, Angela, Brunetti Maria, additional, Giorgetta, Cappa, additional, Giovanni, Galvagno, additional, Paola, Cena, additional, Gerardo, Bruno, additional, Silvio, Raspo, additional, Letizia, Semeraro, additional, Sabrina, Pedrotti, additional, Davide, Barra, additional, Rosaria, Rizzo Maria, additional, Maria, Dalise Anna, additional, Raffaele, Prestano, additional, Palmieri, Vincenzo Ostilio, additional, Palasciano, Giuseppe, additional, Belfiore, Anna, additional, Portincasa, Piero, additional, Carlo, Sabbà, additional, Vincenzo, Solfrizzi, additional, Alessia, D'introno, additional, Valiani, Vincenzo, additional, Carolina, Bologna, additional, Tiziana, Ciarambino, additional, Paola, Turelli, additional, Ugo, Pazzaglia, additional, Federica, Rodella, additional, Giacomo, Piana, additional, Castellano, Maurizio, additional, Anna, Garelli, additional, Elisa, Casella, additional, Federica, Campana, additional, Antonietta, Coschignano Maria, additional, Luigi, Marinangeli, additional, Fabio, Lorico, additional, Salvatore, Bazzano, additional, Giuseppe, Menculini, additional, Gelosa, Giorgio, additional, Viviana, Ambrogio Teresa, additional, Piras, Valentina, additional, Andrea, Ciricugno, additional, Alessandra, Bollari, additional, Coen, Daniele, additional, Magliola, Renata, additional, Milanesio, Deborah, additional, Muzzulini, Carlo Lorenzo, additional, Paolo, Fogliacco, additional, Marinella, Turla, additional, Sofia, Cotelli Maria, additional, Marta, Bianchi, additional, Siano, Pietro, additional, Capo, Giuseppe, additional, Napoletano, Rosa, additional, Cecilia, Politi, additional, Mancini, Concetta, additional, Del Buono, Corrado, additional, De Bartolomeo, Giuseppe, additional, Addolorata, Martinelli, additional, Carmen, Cefalogli, additional, Roberto, Cozzi, additional, Giovanni, Virtuani Angelo, additional, Moschettini, Gianfilippo, additional, Franco, Mastroianni, additional, Daniela, Roglia, additional, D'Amico, Gabriella, additional, Mirella, Palella, additional, Endrizzi, Cristina, additional, Trotta, Lucia, additional, Ciarambino, Tiziana, additional, Orazio, Zanetti, additional, Emanuela, Terazzi, additional, Marta, Sacchetti, additional, Thomas, Fleetwood, additional, Giacomo, Tondo, additional, Ignazio, Di Fazio, additional, Andrea, Bruni, additional, Giuseppe, Orsitto, additional, Emanuela, Fabbro, additional, Serena, Amici, additional, Elena, D'Imporzano, additional, Anna, Casanova, additional, Serena, Bertolio, additional, Erika, Nervo, additional, Roberto, Silvestri, additional, Elena, Semproni, additional, Manuela, Pintus, additional, Francesca, Aloe, additional, and Angelo, Tagliaccica, additional
Published: 2020
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22. Modulation of Brain Hyperexcitability: Potential New Therapeutic Approaches in Alzheimer’s Disease

Author: Masud Husain, Arjune Sen, and Sofia Toniolo
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Review, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Catalysis, lcsh:Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Glutamatergic, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, medicine, Animals, Humans, Gene silencing, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Molecular Biology, Nootropic Agents, Spectroscopy, business.industry, hyperexcitability, Organic Chemistry, Neurodegeneration, neurodegeneration, Brain, Long-term potentiation, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Computer Science Applications, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Brain stimulation, GABAergic, Anticonvulsants, business, Alzheimer’s disease, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: People with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have significantly higher rates of subclinical and overt epileptiform activity. In animal models, oligomeric Aβ amyloid is able to induce neuronal hyperexcitability even in the early phases of the disease. Such aberrant activity subsequently leads to downstream accumulation of toxic proteins, and ultimately to further neurodegeneration and neuronal silencing mediated by concomitant tau accumulation. Several neurotransmitters participate in the initial hyperexcitable state, with increased synaptic glutamatergic tone and decreased GABAergic inhibition. These changes appear to activate excitotoxic pathways and, ultimately, cause reduced long-term potentiation, increased long-term depression, and increased GABAergic inhibitory remodelling at the network level. Brain hyperexcitability has therefore been identified as a potential target for therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing cognition, and, possibly, disease modification in the longer term. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the potential efficacy in targeting hyperexcitability in AD, with levetiracetam showing some encouraging effects. Newer compounds and techniques, such as gene editing via viral vectors or brain stimulation, also show promise. Diagnostic challenges include identifying best biomarkers for measuring sub-clinical epileptiform discharges. Determining the timing of any intervention is critical and future trials will need to carefully stratify participants with respect to the phase of disease pathology.
Published: 2020
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23. CSF tau is associated with impaired cortical plasticity, cognitive decline and astrocyte survival only in APOE4-positive Alzheimer’s disease

Author: Viviana Ponzo, Sonia Bonnì, Caterina Motta, Sofia Toniolo, Francesco Di Lorenzo, Monica Baiula, Alessandro Martorana, Sara Travaglione, Marco Bozzali, Fabrizio Sallustio, Stefano Loizzo, Carlo Caltagirone, Giacomo Koch, Gabriele Campana, Roberto Rimondini, Koch, Giacomo, Di Lorenzo, Francesco, Loizzo, Stefano, Motta, Caterina, Travaglione, Sara, Baiula, Monica, RIMONDINI GIORGINI, Roberto, Ponzo, Viviana, Bonnì, Sonia, Toniolo, Sofia, Sallustio, Fabrizio, Bozzali, Marco, Caltagirone, Carlo, Campana, Gabriele, and Martorana, Alessandro
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Apolipoprotein E, Male, Apoliprotein E4, APOE genotype, Apolipoprotein E4, lcsh:Medicine, Apoptosis, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Genotype, Cognitive decline, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Neuronal Plasticity, biology, Long-term potentiation, LTP-like cortical plasticity, RC0346, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Female, Alzheimer's disease, medicine.medical_specialty, CFS, Cell Survival, Tau protein, tau Proteins, Article, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Alzheimer Disease, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), Aged, business.industry, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Apolipoprotein E4, Apoptosis, Astrocytes, Cell Survival, Cognitive Dysfunction, Genotype, tau Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Astrocytes, Synaptic plasticity, biology.protein, lcsh:Q, business, Apoliprotein E3, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, apopoliprotein (APOE) polymorphism is the main genetic factor associated with more aggressive clinical course. However, the interaction between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau protein levels and APOE genotype has been scarcely investigated. A possible key mechanism invokes the dysfunction of synaptic plasticity. We investigated how CSF tau interacts with APOE genotype in AD patients. We firstly explored whether CSF tau levels and APOE genotype influence disease progression and long-term potentiation (LTP)-like cortical plasticity as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in AD patients. Then, we incubated normal human astrocytes (NHAs) with CSF collected from sub-groups of AD patients to determine whether APOE genotype and CSF biomarkers influence astrocytes survival. LTP-like cortical plasticity differed between AD patients with apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) and apolipoprotein E3 (APOE3) genotype. Higher CSF tau levels were associated with more impaired LTP-like cortical plasticity and faster disease progression in AD patients with APOE4 but not APOE3 genotype. Apoptotic activity was higher when cells were incubated with CSF from AD patients with APOE4 and high tau levels. CSF tau is detrimental on cortical plasticity, disease progression and astrocyte survival only when associated with APOE4 genotype. This is relevant for new therapeutic approaches targeting tau.
Published: 2017

24. The Clinical Use of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis: The Italian Selfie

Author: Davide Chiasserini, Carlo Caltagirone, Sofia Toniolo, Simona Di Santo, Sergio Bernardini, Giulia Maria Sancesario, Lucilla Parnetti, Josh Zegeer, Massimo Musicco, and Gaetano Bernardi
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Standardization, Cost-Benefit Analysis, tau Proteins, Disease, Computer-assisted web interviewing, cerebrospinal fluid, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer Disease, Surveys and Questionnaires, Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis, medicine, Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, Dementia, Humans, survey, Phosphorylation, Intensive care medicine, neurodegenerative biomarkers, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Female, Italy, Peptide Fragments, alpha-Synuclein, Clinical Psychology, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychiatry and Mental Health, business.industry, General Neuroscience, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Csf biomarkers, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Alzheimer's disease, Selfie, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Although the use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta(1-42) (A beta 42), tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau(181)) gives added diagnostic and prognostic values, the diffusion is still limited in clinical practice and only a restricted number of patients receive an integrated clinico-biological diagnosis. By a survey, we aimed to do a "selfie" of the use and diffusion of CSF biomarkers of dementia in Italy, the standardization of pre-analytical procedures, the harmonization of ranges, and the participation to Quality Control programs. An online questionnaire was sent to the members of SIBioC and SINdem-ITALPLANED and to main neurological clinics all over Italy. In Italy, 25 laboratories provide biomarkers analysis in addition to a network of 15 neighboring hospitals. In sum, 40 neurological centers require CSF analyses. 7/20 regions (35%) lack CSF laboratories. Standardization of pre-analytical procedures is present in 62.02% of the laboratories; only 56.00% of the laboratories participate in International Quality Control. There is no harmonization of cut-offs. In Italy, the use of biomarkers is still limited in clinical practice. Standardization and harmonization of normal ranges are needed. To optimize and expand the use of CSF biomarkers, a cost-benefit analysis should be promoted by scientific societies and national health services.
Published: 2017
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25. Comparison between early-onset and late-onset alzheimer's disease patients with amnestic presentation: CSF and 18F-FDG PET study

Author: Giacomo Koch, Lorena Belli, Alessandro Martorana, Sara Gaudenzi, Giuseppe Sancesario, Sofia Toniolo, Marco Bozzali, Agostino Chiaravalloti, Francesco Di Lorenzo, and Orazio Schillaci
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Cognitive Neuroscience, Precuneus, Late onset, Disease, lcsh:Geriatrics, Statistical parametric mapping, lcsh:RC346-429, NO, Alzheimer’s disease, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 18f fdg pet, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Settore MED/36 - Diagnostica per Immagini e Radioterapia, Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, Internal medicine, medicine, Alzheimer's disease, Early onset, Original Research Article, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, Early onset, Late onset, Precuneus, lcsh:RC952-954.6, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, RC0346, Tau phosphorylation, Cardiology, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background/Aims: To investigate the differences in brain glucose consumption between patients with early onset of Alzheimer's disease (EOAD, aged ≤65 years) and patients with late onset of Alzheimer's disease (LOAD, aged >65 years). Methods: Differences in brain glucose consumption between the groups have been evaluated by means of Statistical Parametric Mapping version 8, with the use of age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination and cerebrospinal fluid values of Aβ1-42, phosphorylated Tau and total Tau as covariates in the comparison between EOAD and LOAD. Results: As compared to LOAD, EOAD patients showed a significant decrease in glucose consumption in a wide portion of the left parietal lobe (BA7, BA31 and BA40). No significant differences were obtained when subtracting the EOAD from the LOAD group. Conclusions: The results of our study show that patients with EOAD show a different metabolic pattern as compared to those with LOAD that mainly involves the left parietal lobe.
Published: 2016

26. Functional correlates of t-Tau, p-Tau and Aβ1-42 amyloid cerebrospinal fluid levels in Alzheimer's disease: A 18F-FDG PET/CT study

Author: Barbara Di Pietro, Giacomo Koch, Daniele Di Biagio, Orazio Schillaci, Agostino Chiaravalloti, Alessandro Martorana, and Sofia Toniolo
Subjects: Fluorodeoxyglucose, Cingulate cortex, Cerebellum, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General Medicine, Limbic lobe, Disease, Statistical parametric mapping, Cerebrospinal fluid, medicine.anatomical_structure, Settore MED/36 - Diagnostica per Immagini e Radioterapia, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, business, medicine.drug, Brodmann area
Abstract: AIM The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of t-Tau, p-Tau and amyloid-β (Aβ₁₋₄₂) amyloid peptide and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) brain distribution in a group of patients with Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 81 newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease patients according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 70 (±6) years; 44 were male and 37 were female. All patients underwent a CSF assay and MRI before ¹⁸F-FDG PET scanning. The relationships were evaluated by means of statistical parametric mapping (SPM8). RESULTS Increased t-Tau CSF levels were related to reduced glucose consumption in a wide portion of the right frontal lobe [Brodmann area (BA 47)] and limbic lobe bilaterally (BA 31,32), whereas no areas of increased ¹⁸F-FDG uptake related to t-Tau levels were detected. Elevated p-Tau concentrations in CSF were related to increased glucose consumption in both the right and the left limbic lobe and in the left frontal lobe (BA 32 and 8). We did not find any specific cortical area of reduced glucose consumption being related to low levels of Aβ₁₋₄₂ in CSF, whereas a spawn of ¹⁸F-FDG uptake was detectable in BA 18,19 and in the right cerebellum. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that reduced Aβ₁₋₄₂ concentrations in CSF are related to a wide cortical dysfunction, whereas t-Tau and p-Tau are related to more selective cortical metabolic patterns that mainly involve the cingulate cortex.
Published: 2015

27. Functional correlates of t-Tau, p-Tau and Aβ₁₋₄₂ amyloid cerebrospinal fluid levels in Alzheimer's disease: a ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT study

Author: Agostino, Chiaravalloti, Alessandro, Martorana, Giacomo, Koch, Sofia, Toniolo, Daniele, di Biagio, Barbara, di Pietro, and Orazio, Schillaci
Subjects: Male, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Brain, tau Proteins, Multimodal Imaging, Peptide Fragments, Alzheimer Disease, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron-Emission Tomography, Humans, Female, Phosphorylation, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Aged
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of t-Tau, p-Tau and amyloid-β (Aβ₁₋₄₂) amyloid peptide and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) brain distribution in a group of patients with Alzheimer's disease.The study included 81 newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease patients according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 70 (±6) years; 44 were male and 37 were female. All patients underwent a CSF assay and MRI before ¹⁸F-FDG PET scanning. The relationships were evaluated by means of statistical parametric mapping (SPM8).Increased t-Tau CSF levels were related to reduced glucose consumption in a wide portion of the right frontal lobe [Brodmann area (BA 47)] and limbic lobe bilaterally (BA 31,32), whereas no areas of increased ¹⁸F-FDG uptake related to t-Tau levels were detected. Elevated p-Tau concentrations in CSF were related to increased glucose consumption in both the right and the left limbic lobe and in the left frontal lobe (BA 32 and 8). We did not find any specific cortical area of reduced glucose consumption being related to low levels of Aβ₁₋₄₂ in CSF, whereas a spawn of ¹⁸F-FDG uptake was detectable in BA 18,19 and in the right cerebellum.The results of our study suggest that reduced Aβ₁₋₄₂ concentrations in CSF are related to a wide cortical dysfunction, whereas t-Tau and p-Tau are related to more selective cortical metabolic patterns that mainly involve the cingulate cortex.
Published: 2015

28. Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42 Levels: When Physiological Become Pathological State

Author: Fabrizio Sallustio, Giacomo Koch, Lorena Belli, Giulia Maria Sancesario, Francesco Di Lorenzo, Alessandro Martorana, Giuseppe Sancesario, and Sofia Toniolo
Subjects: Amyloid beta, Review Article, Disease, Neurotransmission, Settore MED/26, Synaptic Transmission, NO, Cerebrospinal fluid, Physiology (medical), medicine, Animals, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Pathological, Neural transmission, Pharmacology, Amyloid beta-Peptides, biology, business.industry, Neurodegeneration, Alzheimer's disease, medicine.disease, Peptide Fragments, Pathophysiology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Synaptopathy, Alzheimer's disease, Amyloid beta, Neural transmission, Synaptopathy, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Cognition Disorders, biology.protein, Cognition Disorders, business, Neuroscience, Biomarkers
Abstract: Impaired amyloid beta (Aβ) metabolism is currently considered central to understand the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Measurements of cerebrospinal fluid Aβ levels remain the most useful marker for diagnostic purposes and to individuate people at risk for AD. Despite recent advances criticized the direct role in neurodegeneration of cortical neurons, Aβ is considered responsible for synaptopathy and impairment of neurotransmission and therefore remains the major trigger of AD and future pharmacological treatment remain Aβ oriented. However, experimental and clinical findings showed that Aβ peptides could have a wider range of action responsible for cell dysfunction and for appearance of clinico-pathological entities different from AD. Such findings may induce misunderstanding of the real role played by Aβ in AD and therefore strengthen criticism on its centrality and need for CSF measurements. Aim of this review is to discuss the role of CSF Aβ levels in light of experimental, clinical pathologic, and electrophysiological results in AD and other pathological entities to put in a correct frame the value of Aβ changes.
Published: 2015

29. Is cerebral glucose metabolism related to blood–brain barrier dysfunction and intrathecal IgG synthesis in Alzheimer disease?

Author: Sofia Toniolo, Alessandro Fiorentini, Barbara Di Pietro, Ursini Francesco, Orazio Schillaci, Caterina Motta, Agostino Chiaravalloti, Alessandro Martorana, Giacomo Koch, Lorena Belli, Chiaravalloti A., Fiorentini A., Ursini F., Martorana A., Koch G., Belli L., Torniolo S., Di Pietro B., Motta C., and Schillaci O.
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, Spm, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, 80 and over, CSF albumin, Aged, 80 and over, Temporal cortex, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Brain, General Medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood-Brain Barrier, Positron emission tomography, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Female, Alzheimer's disease, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Serum albumin, Blood–brain barrier, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Settore MED/36 - Diagnostica per Immagini e Radioterapia, Alzheimer Disease, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, medicine, Humans, education, Aged, Blood brain barrier dysfunction, Igg, business.industry, medicine.disease, Glucose, Pet, 030104 developmental biology, Alzheimer, blood brain barrier dysfunction, dementia, IgG, PET, SPM, Immunoglobulin G, Dementia, biology.protein, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, intrathecal IgG synthesis, and brain glucose consumption as detectable by means of serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) albumin index (Qalb) and IgG index [(CSF IgG/serum IgG) × Serum albumin/CSF albumin)] and 2-deoxy-2-(18F) fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) in a selected population affected by Alzheimer disease (AD). The study included 134 newly diagnosed AD patients according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 70 (±6) years; 60 were male and 64 were female. Mini mental State Examination was equal to 18.9 (±7.2). All patients underwent a CSF assay and magnetic resonance before 18F-FDG PET scanning. The relationships were evaluated by means of statistical parametric mapping (SPM8). We found a significant negative correlation between the increase of Qalb and 18F-FDG uptake in the Brodmann Area 42 and 22 that corresponds to the left superior temporal gyrus, with higher Qalb values being related to a reduced glucose consumption in these areas. No significant relationships have been found between brain glucose consumption and IgG index. The results of our study suggest that BBB dysfunction is related to reduction of cortical activity in the left temporal cortex in AD subjects.
Published: 2016
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30. Amyloid β, glutamate, excitotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease: are we on the right track?

Author: Giuseppe Sancesario, Sofia Toniolo, Lorena Belli, Claudio Bianconi, Alessandro Martorana, and Zaira Esposito
Subjects: medicine.drug_class, Excitotoxicity, Clinical profile, Glutamic Acid, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Efficacy, Nicotinic receptor, Alzheimer Disease, Physiology (medical), Receptors, medicine, Dementia, Animals, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Cognitive decline, Review Articles, Pharmacology, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Aβ42, Glutamate receptor, Memantine, Alzheimer's disease, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Glutamate, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Psychology, Neuroscience, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, medicine.drug
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a devastating impact on aged people worldwide. Although sophisticated and advanced molecular methods have been developed for its diagnosis since early phases, pharmacological treatment still represents an unresolved topic. The more the disease progresses, the more the uneffectiveness of antidementia drugs emerges. New and encouraging results from experimental works indicate that glutamate pathway may play a substantial role in the pathogenesis since early stages of the disease. Several experimental data together with the clinical use of the uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist memantine strengthen this idea. Unfortunately, definitive data on the glutamatergic transmission involvement in AD are still incomplete. Moreover, clinical results indicate only temporarily limited effects of memantine. Currently, memantine is indicated for moderate-to-severe cases of AD, an indication that may limit its efficacy and impact on Alzheimer's dementia. The association of memantine with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs used to treat dementia symptoms appears to be beneficial, in both experimental and clinical studies. Because cholinergic and glutamatergic dysfunction occurs early in AD, the coadministration of appropriate treatment in early stages of the disease might represent a valid option from the beginning of cognitive decline. Moreover, to better evaluate drug efficacy, the association of the recently introduced biomarkers with a clinical AD profile should be considered an aim to pursue.
Published: 2012

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30 results on '"Sofia Toniolo"'

1. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy outcomes of the Investigation of Levetiracetam in Alzheimer's disease (ILiAD) study: a pilot, double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover trial

2. Apathy and effort‐based decision‐making in Alzheimer's disease and subjective cognitive impairment

3. Relationship of plasma biomarkers to digital cognitive tests in Alzheimer's disease

4. Editorial: The role of the cerebellum in dementia and neurodegenerative diseases

5. Comparison between Early-Onset and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Patients with Amnestic Presentation: CSF and 18F-FDG PET Study

6. Patterns of Cerebellar Gray Matter Atrophy Across Alzheimer’s Disease Progression

7. Understanding Factors Associated With Psychomotor Subtypes of Delirium in Older Inpatients With Dementia

8. Vividness of visual imagery questionnaire scores and their relationship to visual short-term memory performance

9. Microstructural diffusivity (DTI) changes underlying visual short‐term memory deficits in Alzheimer's Disease detected by digital screening

10. What plasma biomarkers tell us about hippocampal microstructural changes in Alzheimer’s disease

11. Epilepsy in Older Persons

12. Cerebellar dentate nucleus functional connectivity with cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease and memory: a seed-based approach

13. Is the Frontal Lobe the Primary Target of SARS-CoV-2?

14. Dementia and COVID-19, a bidirectional liaison: Risk factors, biomarkers, and optimal health care

15. A novel visual short‐term memory task differentiates MCI and Alzheimer’s patients from healthy ageing

16. Validity of a new brief assessment of apathy: Caregiver version of the apathy motivation index

17. Protective Role of Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer's Disease Carrying Apolipoprotein E4 Genotype

18. Changes in functional connectivity in people with HIV switching antiretroviral therapy

19. The impact of lacosamide on mood disorders in adult patients with epilepsy: A systematic review

20. Cerebellar white matter disruption in Alzheimer’s Disease patients: a Diffusion Tensor Imaging study

21. Understanding Factors Associated With Psychomotor Subtypes of Delirium in Older Inpatients With Dementia

22. Modulation of Brain Hyperexcitability: Potential New Therapeutic Approaches in Alzheimer’s Disease

23. CSF tau is associated with impaired cortical plasticity, cognitive decline and astrocyte survival only in APOE4-positive Alzheimer’s disease

24. The Clinical Use of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis: The Italian Selfie

25. Comparison between early-onset and late-onset alzheimer's disease patients with amnestic presentation: CSF and 18F-FDG PET study

26. Functional correlates of t-Tau, p-Tau and Aβ1-42 amyloid cerebrospinal fluid levels in Alzheimer's disease: A 18F-FDG PET/CT study

27. Functional correlates of t-Tau, p-Tau and Aβ₁₋₄₂ amyloid cerebrospinal fluid levels in Alzheimer's disease: a ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT study

28. Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42 Levels: When Physiological Become Pathological State

29. Is cerebral glucose metabolism related to blood–brain barrier dysfunction and intrathecal IgG synthesis in Alzheimer disease?

30. Amyloid β, glutamate, excitotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease: are we on the right track?

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