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Pradana Soewondo,1 Ketut Suastika,2 Ida Ayu Kshanti,3 Mardianto Mardianto,4 Sony Wibisono Mudjanarko,5 R Bowo Pramono,6 Dyah Erti Mustikawati7 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Fatmawati General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 4Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatra Utara/Adam Malik Central Hospital, Internal Medicine, Medan, Indonesia; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 7Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Pradana Soewondo, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, Tel +6221 390 7703, Email soewondops@yahoo.comAbstract: The use of insulin for patients with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia appears to be under expectation; moreover, there are gaps in knowledge regarding the proper injection technique and pen needle reuse by both healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients. To address these issues, a scientific expert meeting was held with the participation of endocrinologists and public health specialist from many different organizations in Indonesia to identify the challenges and problem related to injection technique, high pen needle reuse rate, and the need of all stakeholders. The experts agreed that it is necessary to ensure physicians to start the initiation phase as early as indicated, continue optimizing its dosage to reach targeted blood sugar based on guideline, and involve all re

BACKGROUND: Milk consumption in the Indonesian elderly population is among the lowest in the world, and two-thirds of the population are lactose intolerant. This might have an impact on energy and nutrient intakes. However, data on the prevalence of nutrient intake inadequacies in dairy users versus non-dairy users, as well as population characteristics, are lacking. Therefore we obtained data comparing nutritional inadequacies and characteristics of Indonesian older adults consuming or refraining from dairy products. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 as a part of the INA LACTASE study, involving 194 community-dwelling older adults in the outpatient geriatric clinic at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. We collected data on demographic and clinical characteristics as part of a routinely performed comprehensive geriatric assessment. A structured questionnaire was developed to categorize participants as dairy-or non-dairy users based on habitual dairy intake. Food records were collected to assess nutrient intakes. The prevalence of inadequacies of energy, macronutrients, and a selection of micronutrients (calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12) was calculated by comparing the reported mean intakes to the recommended dietary intakes of the Indonesian population (Indonesian RDA). Prevalence ratios were calculated to measure the association between dairy product consumption and the prevalence of nutrient inadequacies. RESULTS: We recruited 194 eligible participants. This study found that dairy users had a higher proportion of women, a higher monthly income, but a lower proportion of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia in older adults consuming dairy products. We observed wide variability in energy and nutrient intakes, as well as a high prevalence of inadequacies for all dietary intake parameters, particularly micronutrients. Dairy users had a lower prevalence of micronutrient inadequacies than non-dairy users. The preva

Ketut Suastika,1 Fatimah Eliana,2 Ida Ayu Made Kshanti,3 Mardianto Mardianto,4 Sony Wibisono Mudjarnako,5 Nanny Natalia,6 Heri Nugrohom HS,7 Roy Panusunan Sibarani,8 Pradana Soewondo,9 Soebagijo Adi Soelistijo,5 Tri Juli Edi Tarigan,9 Hendra Zufry10 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 2Faculty of Medicine, Yarsi University, Jakarta, Indonesia; 3Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Fatmawati General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 4Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatra Utara/Adam Malik Central Hospital, Internal Medicine, Medan, Indonesia; 5Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; 6Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 7Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Central General Hospital Dr. Kariadi, Semarang, Indonesia; 8Endocrinology and Diabetes Center EMC Hospital Sentul City, Bogor, Indonesia; 9Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 10Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Universitas Syiah Kuala/Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Teaching Hospital, Banda Aceh, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Ketut Suastika, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University-Sanglah Hospital, Kamboja Street, Dangin Puri Kangin, No. 8, 80233, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, Tel +62 81 138 0916, Email ksuas@unud.ac.idAbstract: Indonesia is struggling with a rapidly growing burden of diabetes due to rapid socioeconomic transition. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) need appropriate treatment strategies to maint