Search

The deformulation stage of original drug products, which includes the quantification of critical excipients, is crucial for the successful development of generic drug products of solid dosage form. Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) belongs to the group of critical excipients due to its influence on the bioavailability of drugs, such as metformin. The purpose of this work is to carry out a feasibility study in order to develop a simple, economical, and robust analytical method for the quantification of SLS in metformin-containing tablets after their dissolution in water. Firstly, SLS is extracted with chloroform in acidic conditions, followed by the addition of methylene blue (MB) in order to form a SLS-MB ion pair, which is then measured photometrically at a wavelength of 651 nm. Additionally, interference from matrix components (excipients and APIs) was assessed, and it was found that metformin also forms a blue complex; therefore, this specific extraction method was developed. Other matrix components did not interfere with SLS determination. This method shows a well-estimated precision of 3.3% and accuracy of 5%, a calibration linearity of R2 = 0.99990, and a working range of 0.38 µg/mL to 10 µg/mL of SLS in water. The midpoint of the calibration graph corresponds to the concentration of SLS obtained by dissolving a single tablet in 1 L of water. This method seems appropriate for total SLS determination in tablets and can be applicable for deformulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study reports better findings photogalvanic (PG) cell in order to accomplish this objective of providing the globe with pollution-free nature for sustainable development. The goal of the research is to increase electrical output by the use of PG cells, which will result in increased electrical output. Better PG cell output has been the desired goal of the research, and this has effectively proved the efficient system in an experimental way. The Open circuit voltage (Voc), and photocurrent found for the Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) + Ascorbic acid (AA) + Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) combination was 1124.0 mV and 240.00 µA, respectively. A proposed photochemical method for the conversion of solar radiation energy was offered for the current generation of PG cells. The BCB+AA+SLS system, PG cell configuration was used to get the desired electrical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deformulation stage of original drug products, which includes the quantification of critical excipients, is crucial for the successful development of generic drug products of solid dosage form. Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) belongs to the group of critical excipients due to its influence on the bioavailability of drugs, such as metformin. The purpose of this work is to carry out a feasibility study in order to develop a simple, economical, and robust analytical method for the quantification of SLS in metformin-containing tablets after their dissolution in water. Firstly, SLS is extracted with chloroform in acidic conditions, followed by the addition of methylene blue (MB) in order to form a SLS-MB ion pair, which is then measured photometrically at a wavelength of 651 nm. Additionally, interference from matrix components (excipients and APIs) was assessed, and it was found that metformin also forms a blue complex; therefore, this specific extraction method was developed. Other matrix components did not interfere with SLS determination. This method shows a well-estimated precision of 3.3% and accuracy of 5%, a calibration linearity of R2 = 0.99990, and a working range of 0.38 µg/mL to 10 µg/mL of SLS in water. The midpoint of the calibration graph corresponds to the concentration of SLS obtained by dissolving a single tablet in 1 L of water. This method seems appropriate for total SLS determination in tablets and can be applicable for deformulation.

The one-pot three-component synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted isoxazole-5(4H)-ones has been developed using an aqueous micellar medium as a catalyst under milder reaction conditions. The reaction was completed by using 25 mol% of sodium lauryl sulfate in an aqueous medium at room temperature. The reaction employs a green solvent, an eco-friendly reagent, and a non-chromatographic method for purification. The present reaction tolerates several substituted aldehydes and has proved to be efficient along with excellent yield. Moreover, the micellar catalyst was recovered and reused several times without significantly losing its catalytic activity.

Background: Hydroperoxides of limonene (Lim‐OOHs) and linalool (Lin‐OOHs) are potent contact sensitizers. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of positive patch test (PT) reactions to Lim‐OOHs and Lin‐OOHs in consecutive patients, their demographic factors and concomitant reactions. Methods: Between 7/2018 and 12/2020, Lim‐OOHs 0.3% pet. and Lin‐OOHs 1% pet. were patch tested in 5511 consecutive patients. We assessed PT reactivity and analysed data from patients with either positive or negative PTs to Lim‐OOHs and Lin‐OOHs. Results: Positive PT results to Lim‐OOHs (n = 170, 3.1%) and Lin‐OOHs (n = 483, 8.8%) were frequent. Most of the positive reactions were weak (LimOOHs n = 134/LinOOHs n = 429), and even more frequently, doubtful (n = 252/n = 578) or irritant reactions (n = 81/n = 178) were documented. PT reactivity to Lim‐OOHs and Lin‐OOHs was increased in patients with irritant reactions to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). The proportion of leg dermatitis and concomitant positive reactions to fragrances and essential oils was increased in patients with reactivity to these hydroperoxides. Conclusion: The observed reaction pattern suggests that both test preparations display an irritant potential with an increased risk of false positive reactions. Preparations should be chemically monitored in order to reduce irritancy. Mindful interpretation of PT results and aimed patch testing of lower concentrations is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultrasonic velocity of molecules in medium supplies valid information about the binding forces between molecules. Surfactants are chemicals that self-assemble molecular clusters in a solution (oil or water phase) known as micelles. SLS has been suggested as a potentially effective topical microbicide for intravaginal usage to suppress and potentially prevent infection by various enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. The acoustical parameters such as ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity of a solution containing an anionic surfactant (SLS) and alcohols (Anise and Cinnamyl alcohol) are determined at various temperatures (303,313 and 323 K). Similarly, the acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (b), intermolecular free length (Lf), internal pressure (p) Rao's constant (Ra), absorption coefficient (a/f2), free volume (Vf), cohesive energy (CE), relaxation time (t), acoustic impedance (Za), and solvation number (Sn) were calculated from the observed values. At the end, it is concluded that SLS+water-Anise alcohol has been used as a best additive. This composite has a lower foaming tendency due to lower surface tension, leading to a newer product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:Blood gas analyzers (BGA) have recently been widely used as a rapid testing devices for the determination of hemoglobin (Hb) in the intensive care units and emergency services of hospitals. We compared the Hb and calculated-hematocrit (Hct) values by the CO-oximetry and cyanide-free sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) methods.Methods:Between January and June 2019, 12,049 patients who applied to the emergency department of İstanbul Training and research Hospital, for whole blood count and venous blood gas analysis were included. Samples were analyzed using SLS- Hb and CO-oximetry methods. Bland-Altman plot and Passing-Bablok regression analysis were performed to evaluate the accordance of the methods.Results:The correlation coefficients of the methods for Hb and Hct were 0.89 and 0.87, respectively (p

In this work, the Sumatera bentonite was sodium-pillarized in a new low-temperature and restricted time preparation route and then applied in anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulphate removal. Structure characterization used Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope - Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. A strong peak at 22° and 35.66° in XRD analysis was detected as Sodium-pillar that increased crystallinity, then the functional changes of dehydration in lattice structure were detected in 1013 cm-1 by FTIR analysis. The morphology and compositional transformation were analyzed by SEM-EDX and BET analysis, denoted by increasing particle shape and sodium intercalant composition homogeneity. Moreover, the surface area increased from 61.791 to 66.086 m2/g. The sodium lauryl sulphate adsorption by bentonite-Na reached maximum capacity at 8.403 mg/g, which is higher than the pristine bentonite (5.747 mg/g) under the optimum condition. The adsorption mechanism is feasible, endothermic, and conformed to the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich adsorption model. The new route proposed for sodium intercalation effectively improves the Sumatera bentonite adsorption ability to remove sodium lauryl sulphate waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research investigates the spectrophotometric approach for the simple and rapid quantifi cation of ticagrelor in the pharmaceutical matrix using a mathematical filtration technique. The sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) (5% w/v) eco-sustainable solvent was employed to enhance the spectral absorption of ticagrelor as an alternative to polar organic solvents in Ticaspan® tablets without any interruption of excipients routinely used in the marketed preparation of the cited drug. Four new analytical spectroscopic approaches such as zero-order and zero-orderarea under the curve, first-order, and first-order-area under the curve were formulated and addressed in association with a recommended protocol of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), i.e., Q2R1 to quantify the cited therapeutic at 251.20–265.40 nm extended spectral wavelength ranges of UV/Vis-spectrometer unit for 5–30 μg/mL concentration ranges. A comparative study was accomplished among novel experiments; there was no statistical variance between the findings resulting from the present research and those attained by the literature reports subsequently to statistical assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Blood gas analyzers (BGA) have recently been widely used as a rapid testing devices for the determination of hemoglobin (Hb) in the intensive care units and emergency services of hospitals. We compared the Hb and calculated-hematocrit (Hct) values by the CO-oximetry and cyanide-free sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) methods. Methods: Between January and June 2019, 12,049 patients who applied to the emergency department of İstanbul Training and research Hospital, for whole blood count and venous blood gas analysis were included. Samples were analyzed using SLS- Hb and CO-oximetry methods. Bland-Altman plot and Passing-Bablok regression analysis were performed to evaluate the accordance of the methods. Results: The correlation coefficients of the methods for Hb and Hct were 0.89 and 0.87, respectively (p<0.0001). Passing-Bablok regression analysis showed a significant deviation from linearity (p<0.01). Bland-Altman plot showed insufficient agreement between of the two methods for each variable. Bias % calculated as 2.5% for Hb, and 1.1% for Hct. Total error calculated as 4.08% for Hb. Total error of CO-oximetric Hb value was within the limits of allowable total error. Conclusion: Although each test shows a significant deviation from linearity, BGA's could be used for Hb measurements since the bias and total error were still acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The pharmaceutical industries are keen in development of new herbal bioactive molecules with an improved effect and less toxicity in order to replace synthetic drugs. Constipation is the most prevalent medical concerns. It's estimated that one in five adults worldwide suffers from constipation. Hence, the demand of herbal laxatives is increasing worldwide. The purpose of this research work was to develop Senna nanoparticles with the help of Eudragit L100 an enteric coating polymer to provide site specific activity and to prevent degradation of Senna in acidic environment. Materials and Methods: Senna loaded nanoparticles were prepared by using emulsion solvent evaporation method. Different formulation has been formulated with varying concentration of Eudragit L-100 and constant aqueous and organic phase ratio (1:9). Drug and polymer compatibility study was analysed by FTIR. The prepared formulation was characterized by melting point, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, vesical morphology and in-vitro drug release. Results: All the formulation batches shows particle size between 380.61 - 1061.71nm. The zeta of optimized batch (F5) was found to be -23.75mV. Entrapment efficiency of the entire prepared formulation batch in between 3.16±0.31-55.18±0.35%. The in-vitro drug release shows maximum drug release i.e. 61.03% in 8 hrs which shows that release of drug prolonged and site specific due to use of enteric coated polymer Eudragit L100. Conclusion: The developed Senna loaded nanoparticles can provide site specific drug delivery. The polymer used in Senna Nanoparticles formulations shows efficient and targeted drug release as well as reduction in dose, dosing frequency and side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Toothpaste plays a pivotal role in oral and dental hygiene. This cross-sectional study not only investigates the constituents of toothpastes available in the market and their frequency across different brands but also delves into the potential side effects, irritations, or unfavourable outcomes of these constituents, emphasizing the broader health and environmental implications., Methods: The largest of the five major chain markets in each district of Istanbul was visited, and adult toothpastes were included in this study. All the constituents that make up the toothpaste were individually recorded in an Excel database. Subsequently, literature regarding the purposes, toxic and potential side effects of each ingredient was gathered using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect. The percentages of these ingredients' occurrence among all the toothpastes were calculated, and the ingredients were categorized into 15 distinct groups based on their usage purposes., Results: There were 160 different varieties of toothpaste belonging to 19 different brands on the market shelves. Although a total of 244 different ingredients were identified, only 78 of them were included in the study. Among the analysed toothpaste types, 105 of them were found to contain 1450 ppm fluoride, whilst 26 toothpaste variants were discovered to have fluoride levels below this value. Among the various ingredients analysed, particular attention was drawn to commonly debated compounds in oral care products. Specifically, titanium dioxide was found in 68% (n = 111) of the varieties, sodium lauryl sulphate in 67% (n = 108) and paraben in 2% (n = 4), respectively., Conclusion: Whilst certain ingredients may raise concerns for potential side effects and health considerations within the human body, the toothpaste has long been regarded as an indispensable tool for maintaining optimal oral and dental health. However, gaining a deeper understanding and conducting research on each constituent that comprises the toothpaste, as well as raising awareness in this regard, holds significant importance for human health., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Stainless steel is a material that can be used in orthodontics for components of dental braces, such as brackets, archwires and molar bands. Orthodontic archwires exposed to toothpaste can release nickel ions that cause hypersensitivity. The excessive use of sodium lauryl sulphate in detergent toothpaste can cause mouth irritation, severe ulceration, decreased salivary solubility and taste sensitivity changes. Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the nickel ion released by stainless steel archwires after immersion in detergent and non-detergent toothpaste. Methods: Forty stainless steel archwires from Ortho Organizer (0.016 x 0.022in) were divided into two groups (n=20). Group 1 comprised stainless steel archwires immersed in detergent toothpaste. Group 2 consisted of stainless steel archwires immersed in non-detergent toothpaste. These archwires were immersed in 1.5g toothpaste then kept in an incubator at 37°C for around 24 hours. After that, the archwires were removed from the toothpaste, and the toothpaste was dissolved in 25ml of Aquadest. The amount of nickel ion released was examined by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). After that, the structure of the sample surface was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A statistical analysis was done using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test (p>0.05). An independent t-test was carried out to compare the two groups (p0.05). The SEM images of the archwire surfaces showed that there were more corrosive contour changes in the archwire surface in group 1 than in group 2. Conclusion: There was no difference between the nickel ion released from stainless steel orthodontic archwires after immersion in detergent and non-detergent toothpaste. After immersion in detergent toothpaste, stainless steel archwire surfaces showed more corrosive contour changes than those immersed in non-detergent toothpaste.

Copyright of Experimed is the property of Experimed and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nigella sativa toothpaste with antibacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties has beneficial effects in infectious disease, such as gingival inflammation. One of the most widely used synthetic detergents in toothpaste is Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). SLS is used to decrease water's surface tension. The side effects of SLS include oral epithelial sloughing, ulcerations, inflammation, protein denaturation, and membrane expansion. This study aimed to determine the viability of human gingival fibroblast (HGFs) cultured with Nigella sativa toothpaste extract containing 2% SLS and Nigella sativa toothpaste without SLS. HGFs were grown in DMEM medium then challenged with Nigella sativa toothpaste with 2% SLS (Nigella sativa-SLS group), Nigella sativa toothpaste without SLS (non-SLS group), and control group. Based on the present study, the cell viability of Nigella sativa-2% SLS, non-SLS, and control group were 92.33%, 96.30%, and 98.99%, respectively. In conclusion, both Nigella sativa with 2% SLS and non-SLS were non-toxic to HGFs. Thus, Nigella sativa toothpaste is potential to treat gingivitis and oral diseases. However, future in vivo study for this is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Human in vivo models of skin damage were often used in research of cutaneous disorders. The most commonly used models were tape‐stripping as mechanical, sodium lauryl sulphate‐induced irritation as chemical and ultraviolet radiation as physical damage model. In regard to differences between models, they were expected to have different responses to damage and recovery, with unique skin parameters' changes over time. Objective: The aim was to compare skin parameters in three different skin damage models on the same anatomical location, with and without topical treatment. Methods: Four test sites on each forearm were randomly assigned to three skin damage models with the fourth sites on each forearm chosen as a control, undamaged site. Skin parameters were assessed using non‐invasive methods. Results: Sodium lauryl sulphate irritation caused the strongest damage with delayed reaction to the irritant. Tape stripping leads to highest initial skin barrier disruption but afterwards it showed the fastest skin recovery. Ultraviolet radiation did not affect skin barrier function, but it elevated skin erythema and melanin level. Tested preparation did not lead to changes in measured parameters. Conclusion: The skin of the participants had different response to three skin damage models with distinct changes of skin parameters and recovery. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT03783819. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid, simple, and highly sensitive electroanalytical method was developed for the first time for the detection of ultra-trace amounts of nilotinib in sodium lauryl sulphate media. The electrochemical behavior of nilotinib was investigated on a glassy carbon electrode in the absence and presence of sodium lauryl sulphate media by cyclic voltammetry and adsorptive stripping voltammetric methods. The cyclic voltammograms proved that the electrochemical behavior of nilotinib showed irreversible and diffusion–adsorption-controlled oxidation processes in 0.1 M H2SO4. The effect of surfactant concentration on the first and second peaks of nilotinib was examined. Depending on whether the surfactants had a monomer or monolayer hemimicelle structure, they were attracted to amine moieties at related points in the nilotinib structure through the electrostatic interaction. The sensitivity of the method was markedly enhanced in the presence of surfactants using adsorptive stripping square-wave voltammetry. Under optimum conditions, nilotinib was determined in a concentration range of 2.0 × 10−8 to 2.0 × 10−6 mol L−1, with a limit of detection of 6.33 × 10−9 mol L−1 in 0.1 M H2SO4 containing 2.0 × 10−7 mol L−1 sodium lauryl sulphate. The proposed method can be applied for the sensitive determination of nilotinib in biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solar energy is the mother of all renewable energy resources except nuclear energy. The conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is the interest of research area because electrical energy can be converted into nearly all forms of energy as per requirement. The aim of this paper is to study the spectral behavior of safranine–fructose–sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) system in alkaline medium, photogalvanic effect of the same system and correlate the relationship between concentration of safranine, fructose, alkali and SLS corresponding to maximum absorbance and electrical output obtained by spectral and photogalvanic study, respectively. To achieve our objective, the absorbance spectra of fixed concentration of safranine solution in presence of different concentration of fructose, NaOH and SLS have been recorded, by varying concentration one of these at a time. It was observed that the presence of alkali and fructose only increased the absorbance value whereas SLS increases both absorbance and λmax value of safranine. This indicates stable safranine–SLS complex (interaction) formation. The photogalvanic effects of the cell containing safranine as photosensitizer, fructose as a reductant with and without SLS as surfactant systems have also been studied using Pt as a working electrode under the influence of artificial light. In presence of SLS, an increase the electrical output of the cells was observed, indicating a strong molecular interaction of safranine-fructose mixed solution with SLS in alkaline medium at laboratory temperature. Hence, the SLS has played a significant role in the enhancement of electrical output of safranine-fructose system. The resultant concentrations of safranine, fructose, alkali and SLS from both studies are strongly supported to each other corresponding maximum absorbance and electrical output value. Therefore, present study may be helpful to understand the reasons for increasing in electrical output of dye-reductant system in presence of surfactant in the photogalvanic cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel, simple, rapid and reliable High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) and UV-spectroscopic area under curve (UV-AUC) methods were developed and validated for the analysis of zileuton racemate in bulk and in in-house tablet formulation. HPTLC quantitation of zileuton was done by UV detection at 260 nm and analysis was performed on (20 × 10 cm) aluminium sheets precoated with silica gel 60-F254 (E. Merck) as stationary phase and toluene–methanol–glacial acetic acid (3.5:1.5:0.1 v/v) as mobile phase. Quantitation by HPTLC method was performed over the concentration range of 200–1200 ng/band. The HPTLC method resulted into a compact and well resolved band for zileuton at retention factor (Rf) of 0.51 ± 0.02. Linear regression analysis data for calibration of HPTLC method represented a good linear relationship with regression coefficient; r2 = 0.997. UV-AUC method was developed using sodium lauryl sulphate (0.05 M) as a hydrotropic agent to enhance water solubility and area was determined at a wavelength range in between 248.40 and 271.0 nm. Correlation coefficient for UV-AUC analysis was found to be r2 = 0.999. The developed UV-AUC method depicted a fine linear relationship for zileuton racemate in a concentration range of 2–12 μg/mL. Both the developed methods were validated for precision, robustness, ruggedness, accuracy, sensitivity as per guidelines laid by the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH). Statistical analysis proved that the developed methods were precise, robust, sensitive and accurate and can be used effectively for the analysis of zileuton in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.

Objectives: The present study addresses the effect of fluoride and sodium lauryl sulphate content of toothpaste on oral epithelial cells in vivo conditions.Subjects and Method: Forty volunteers were assigned into two experimental groups, each of them applying the different brand of toothpaste. Every group has been using three different types of toothpaste (non-fluoride and non-SLS, fluoride and non-SLS, and the fluoride and SLS) of the same brand for 6 months, each for 2 months. The buccal epithelial cells were sampled at baseline and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after the beginning of the research. Effect on DNA damage was analyzed by micronucleus assay Results: After 60 days of use, for both tested kinds of toothpaste with fluoride and without SLS, all studied parameters were not significantly different from the results obtained at the time when the participants used a non-fluoride toothpaste. While, after 60 days of use, for one kind of toothpaste with SLS and fluoride, was observed significantly higher incidence of pyknotic cells (2.20 ± 0.95, 0.00 ± 0.00 vs. 0.05 ± 0.22, respectively; p = .001), cells with karyorrhexis (2.35 ± 1.14, 0.85 ± 0.93 vs. 0.40 ± 0.68, respectively; p = .001), and nuclear buds (1.35 ± 0.68, 0.45 ± 0.51 vs. 0.45 ± 0.60, respectively; p = .001), compared to toothpastes of the same brand with fluoride and without SLS, and without fluoride and without SLS, for the same period.Conclusions: Based on the results, can be concluded that there is no fluorine-dependent cytotoxic or genotoxic effect, while SLS dentifrice increases the number of nuclear morphological changes in buccal epithelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The [Zn3(CitH)2] (1) (CitH4= citric acid), was dispersed in sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) to form the micelle of SLS@[Zn3(CitH)2] (2). This material 2 was incorporated in hydrogel made by hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA), an ingredient of contact lenses, toward the formation of pHEMA@(SLS@[Zn3(CitH)2]) (3). Samples of 1 and 2 were characterized by UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, FT-IR, FT-Raman, single crystal X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence analysis, atomic absorption and TG/DTA/DSC. The antibacterial activity of 1−3 as well as of SLS against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis (St. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (St. aureus)) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), and Escherichia coli (E. coli)) bacteria was evaluated by the means of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and inhibitory zone (IZ). 2 showed 10 to 20-fold higher activity than 1 against the bacteria tested. Moreover the 3 decreases the abundance of Gram-positive microbes up to 30% (St. aureus) and up to 20% (PAO1) the Gram-negative ones. The noteworthy antimicrobial activity of the obtained composite 3 suggests an effective antimicrobial additive for infection-free contact lenses.

Ibuprofen (IBU) is one of the most commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with high permeability and low solubility. The aims of this research is to improve the solubility and dissolution of the IBU by reducing particle size using ultrasonic spray drying method and utilizing watersoluble polymer (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) and surfactant (sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)) for particles formulation. The results showed that increasing amount of PVA, smaller particle size of as-prepared IBU-PVA-SLS was obtained, 6.3-fold smaller than untreated IBU. The in vitro drug release study for simulated gastric fluid without enzymes (0.1 N HCl or Buffer pH 1.2) shows the dissolution of prepared IBU-PVA-SLS significantly increase 2.4-fold higher than untreated IBU for dissolution time of 30 minutes. While the solubility of the IBU-PVA-SLS was increased 4.7-fold compare to untreated IBU. In general, IBU possessing relatively high dissolution in intestinal fluid. In contrast, the finding of recent investigation on dissolution of IBU-PVA-SLS is significantly increase in gastric fluid, either due to smaller particles size or PVA-SLS. Thus, despite the PVA and SLS determine the particles formation during polymerization yielding smaller particle size, they also responsible for effective drug delivery system. It was concluded that PVA and SLS in ultrasonic spray drying technique for IBU preparation successfully reduces the particle size and effectively enhances the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble IBU in 0.1 N HCl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect on dental plaque and gingivitis of a dentifrice without sodium lauryl sulphate ( SLS) compared to two SLS-containing dentifrices. Material and methods For this double-blind, parallel study, 90 volunteers having moderate gingival inflammation (≥40%) were randomly divided among three groups: one group using non- SLS dentifrice containing enzymes, colostrum and low concentrations of zinc and two control groups each using different SLS-containing dentifrices. Dental plaque scores (Turesky modification of Quigley & Hein) and gingivitis scores (Bleeding On Marginal Probing) were assessed at baseline, after 2 and 4 weeks. Results Eighty-nine participants provided evaluable data. A slight decrease in gingivitis scores was observed for all groups over 4 weeks, which was statistically significant for the non- SLS group. Mean values for dental plaque scores did not show major differences over 4 weeks. For both parameters, no significant differences between groups could be observed at any time point. Patient appreciation was in favour of the SLS groups especially regarding the foaming effect. Conclusion No significant differences could be observed with respect to the effect on plaque and gingivitis between SLS-containing and SLS-free dentifrice containing enzymes, colostrum and low concentration zinc. Patients enjoyed the duration of taste and the 'foaming effect' of SLS-containing dentifrices better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel, simple, rapid and reliable High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) and UV-spectroscopic area under curve (UV-AUC) methods were developed and validated for the analysis of zileuton racemate in bulk and in in-house tablet formulation. HPTLC quantitation of zileuton was done by UV detection at 260 nm and analysis was performed on (20 × 10 cm) aluminium sheets precoated with silica gel 60-F254 (E. Merck) as stationary phase and toluene-methanol-glacial acetic acid (3.5:1.5:0.1 v/v) as mobile phase. Quantitation by HPTLC method was performed over the concentration range of 200-1200 ng/band. The HPTLC method resulted into a compact and well resolved band for zileuton at retention factor (Rf) of 0.51 ±0.02. Linear regression analysis data for calibration of HPTLC method represented a good linear relationship with regression coefficient; r²= 0.997. UV-AUC method was developed using sodium lauryl sulphate (0.05 M) as a hydrotropic agent to enhance water solubility and area was determined at a wavelength range in between 248.40 and 271.0 nm. Correlation coefficient for UV-AUC analysis was found to be r²= 0.999. The developed UV-AUC method depicted a fine linear relationship for zileuton racemate in a concentration range of 2-12 lg/mL. Both the developed methods were validated for precision, robustness, ruggedness, accuracy, sensitivity as per guidelines laid by the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH). Statistical analysis proved that the developed methods were precise, robust, sensitive and accurate and can be used effectively for the analysis of zileuton in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]