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Long-range familial searches in recreational DNA databases have been the subject of intense interest since the high-profile case of the Golden State Killer. This technique has raised considerable media attention and has sparked immediate criticism from forensic geneticists and other professionals, regulators, policy advisors, and ethicists. However, the literature on this topic does not capture the complexities resulting from the commodification of genetic data and the marketization of science. In this article, I explore how long-range familial searches conducted in recreational DNA databases reframe the trajectory of forensic genetics. Arguing that the advent and consolidation of long-range familial searches in recreational DNA databases represent the fourth wave of forensic genetics, I detail its implications, namely, the expansion of affected populations, the participatory turn, and the co-production of biovalue., This work was supported by H2020 European Research Council [grant number ERC Grant agreement No 648608]; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia [grant number UIDB/ 00736/2020]; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia [grant number CEECIND/ 00984/2018].

Atualizando o estado da arte sobre problemáticas, desafios e consequências da era digital, este artigo indicia que dar “vistas” ao ecrã em rede se tornou cada vez mais um ato perigoso. Algoritmos e estratégias de indução de comportamentos e opiniões estão ao serviço de um “mercado da atenção”. Grandes empresas do setor digital especializaram-se no domínio da atenção, no aprisionamento dos sujeitos ao ecrã. Diversas teorias e efeitos foram aplicados a algoritmos e a esquemas interativos que orientam os sujeitos não apenas em direção à informação ou ao ócio como também a impactos e consequências psicossociais que se tornam problemáticas para a saúde, social e mental. Além disso, ao listarumconjunto de consequências geradas pela era digital (e.g., ensombrecimento, nomofobia, phubbing, atazagorafobia, etc.), este artigo problematiza e compila estas e outras ameaças e impactos sublinhando a importância de se considerar o ato de “dar vistas ao ecrã em rede” um poderoso e complexo “actante”, imprevisível na individuação sociotécnica., Updating the state of the art on issues, challenges and consequences of the digital age, this ar-ticle suggests that giving “views” to the network screen has become increasingly dangerous. Algo-rithms and strategies to induce behaviors and opinions are at the service of an “attention market”.Large companies in the digital sector have specialized in the field of attention, in the imprisonment ofsubjects to the screen. Several theories and effects have been applied to algorithms and interactiveschemes that guide subjects not only towards information or leisure, but also to psychosocial impactsand consequences that become problematic for health, social and mental. In addition, by listing a set ofconsequences generated by the digital age (e.g., darkness, nomophobia, phubbing, atazagoraphobia,etc.), this article problematizes and compiles these and other threats and impacts underlining the im-portance of considering the act of “giving views on the network screen” a powerful and complex “ac-ting”, unpredictable in sociotechnical individuation., Este trabalho é apoiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., no âmbito projeto UIDB/00736/2020.

Published online: 12 May 2020, Living alone has been indicated as a key variable to explain loneliness in older adults. In contemporary society, where technology has become one of the main means of communication and personal interaction, has the internet influenced the relationship between living alone and loneliness? This paper aims to answer this research question by using a sample of 64,297 individuals who were surveyed in SHARE project wave 6 – in European countries with different welfare regimes (Portugal, Greece, Italy and Spain, Denmark, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Luxemburg, Poland, Czech Republic; Slovenia, Estonia, and Croatia). The results of the regression analysis evidence the moderating role of the internet on the relationship between living alone and feelings of loneliness in individuals aged 50 and over, so that the impact of living alone on loneliness is diminished for internet users as compared to their peers who do not use the internet. The results therefore reinforce the importance of policies aimed at fostering e-inclusion as a way of reducing the loneliness of older adults, This work was supported by European Commission; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; U.S National Institute on Aging; Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian; German Ministry of Education and Research

This article discusses the vertiginous proliferation of violence suffered and perpetrated by juveniles in the state of Bahia, north-eastern Brazil. Based on documentary and ethnographic evidence, it anatomizes the workings of law enforcement, juvenile justice and juvenile custody. It argues that the strategies of the police, the criminologies put into practice by the judiciary and the functioning of Youth Detention Centres collaborate to foster, rather than curb, youth offending and the violence committed by and against young citizens. Whereas prosecution and the dispensation of justice emphasize juvenile offenders’ responsibility for their ‘decision’ to become a ‘bandit’, juvenile custody, as a result of deep-rooted clientelist practices, is dominated by precarious conditions of incarceration which promote internal violence and the (self)ascription of a deviant juvenile identity. At the same time, the Othering of large sections of youth from the urban periphery has fuelled a vicious cycle of violence and counter-violence between members of drug factions and police forces, resulting in an increasing illegibility of the state at its margins., Centre for Research in Anthropology, University of Minho, Portugal. The research for this article was funded by a postdoctoral scholarship (SFRH/BPD/99782/2014) from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT).

Big Data is seen as an increasingly important tool to support policing activities, define security governance policies and assist criminal investigations. Although significant literature has explored the predictive capabilities of Big Data, there has been less focus on the uses of Big Data in criminal investigations, focused on detection and apprehension that occur after a crime has been committed. This article aims to fill this gap through the lens of expectations of professionals involved in police cooperation in the European Union. Based upon a set of qualitative interviews, our analysis explores these professionals’ expectations for the application of Big Data techniques in criminal investigations by using DNA data held in national criminal DNA databases and, therefore, potentially increasing the interoperability between genetic and non-genetic data. Our results reveal a flexible repertoire of interpretation of the expectations for the uses of Big Data in criminal investigations and its associated potential risks and benefits. The perceived benefits relate to expectations for Big Data’s potential to advance cold cases and strengthen the interoperability of multiple datasets in ways that produce intelligence valuable for criminal investigations. Perceived risks concern the difficulties associated with investigating large sets of data, the potential for enforcing genetic discrimination, and threatening privacy and human rights., This work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. [648608]), within the project "EXCHANGE -Forensic geneticists and the transnational exchange of DNA data in the EU: Engaging science with social control, citizenship and democracy" led by Helena Machado and hosted at the Communication and Society Research Centre, Institute for Social Sciences of University of Minho. This work is also supported by FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) through 2020.04764.BD; CEECIND/00984/2018; CEECINST/00157/2018 and UIDB/00736/2020.

Tese de doutoramento em Sociologia, É notório que a temática do empreendedorismo vem, cada vez mais, se propagando, seja através de pesquisas, de publicações ou na execução de projetos práticos. Sua vinculação ao meio educacional ganhou destaque nos últimos tempos e essa conexão, quase sempre, expressa a necessidade de se formar um “novo” trabalhador com perfil alinhado às Características e Comportamentos Empreendedores (CCEs) e capaz de criar seu próprio negócio ou de ser um intraempreendedor. Mas será que esse modelo pode ser questionado? Existem outros olhares e práticas sobre o empreendedorismo no meio educacional? Com o intuito de responder a estas e a outras questões, nossa investigação teve como objetivo geral identificar e analisar as políticas públicas, programas e agentes envolvidos na promoção do empreendedorismo, bem como contribuir para uma (re)inovação conceitual do empreendedorismo em uma perspectiva crítica e multidimensional no IFRN. Os Institutos Federais do Brasil têm mais de 112 anos de história e estão presentes em todos os estados brasileiros. Contam com 599 unidades estabelecidas em mais de 10% dos municípios do país e têm quase 1 milhão de alunos matriculados nas diversas modalidades de ensino ofertadas. Já o IFRN, objeto do nosso estudo de caso, dispõe de 21 unidades com cerca de 44 mil alunos matriculados. A orientação metodológica que guiou este estudo teve como base a revisão bibliográfica e a análise crítica do tema empreendedorismo e suas políticas públicas. A pesquisa, de natureza quali-quantitativa, orientada pelo paradigma interpretativo, teve como objeto empírico cinco campi do IFRN. Os instrumentos de recolha de dados foram os documentos institucionais, os questionários on-line aplicados aos alunos egressos e as entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com os gestores institucionais. As técnicas de análise de dados foram a análise estatística e a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstram que a temática do empreendedorismo no IFRN tem sido muito evidenciada e está presente em documentos institucionais balizadores, no arcabouço pedagógico e em diversos projetos e ações, com o propósito de formar empreendedores munidos de características específicas que os auxiliem a responder às novas exigências do mercado de trabalho. Mesmo que alguns documentos institucionais não particularizem sobre qual viés de empreendedorismo se referem, a partir da nossa análise empírica, observamos a hegemônica adoção de um modelo economicista ou comportamental moldado por um receituário neoliberal, corroborado por atividades diversas como prêmios, editais de fomento, conteúdos de disciplinas, projetos inovadores, palestras e workshops relacionados à temática, dentre outras. Esse modelo também é percepcionado e adotado pelos gestores, tendo os egressos o mesmo pensamento, talvez como reflexo da visão dominante gestionária. Nossa pesquisa, estabelecendo um caráter inovador e fora do mainstream sobre a temática, não se limita a fornecer apenas conhecimentos suplementares, mas põe em questão, sob um olhar crítico, a concepção e a aplicação das políticas, projetos e ações empreendedores no IFRN, além de sugerir outros olhares e práticas sobre o empreendedorismo no meio educacional, propondo alternativas viáveis e exequíveis para o IFRN., It is factual that the entrepreneurship thematic is increasingly getting adoption, whether through research, publications, or in the execution of practical projects. Its linkage with the educational environment has gained prominence in recent years. Almost always, it requires the need to shape a "new" worker with a profile aligned with Entrepreneurial Behaviors and Characteristics (CCEs) and capable of either creating their own business or being an intrapreneur. However, can this model be questioned? Are there other viewpoints and practices on entrepreneurship in the educational environment? To answer these and other questions, our investigation aimed to identify and analyze public policies, programs, and agents involved in the promotion of entrepreneurship, as well as to contribute to a conceptual (re)innovation of entrepreneurship in a critical and multidimensional perspective at IFRN (Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte). Brazilian federal institutes have more than one century of history. They are present in all Brazilian states, close to six hundred set units across more than ten percent of the Brazilian municipalities. It means nearly one million students enrolled in the various types of educational programs offered. Our case study, the IFRN, has twenty-one units with close to forty-four thousand students enrolled. The methodology that guided this study uses bibliographic review and critical analyze on the thematic: entrepreneurship and its public policies. The qualitative-quantitative research, oriented by the interpretative paradigm, had as empirical object five of the IFRN units. The data collection instruments used were institutional documents, online questionnaires applied to alumni students, and semi-structured interviews with institutional managers. The data was analyzed using statistical and content analysis techniques. The results show that, at the IFRN, the entrepreneurship thematic has been very prominent and is present in directive institutional documents, in the pedagogical framework and in several projects and actions executed within the institution. Such projects and efforts help to form entrepreneurs with specific characteristics that will be helpful to respond to the constantly evolving labor market demands. Even though some institutional documents do not specify which entrepreneurship approach they refer to, based on our empirical analysis, we observe the hegemonic adoption of an economic or behavioral model shaped by a neoliberal prescription, supported by various activities such as awards, promotion notices, disciplines content, innovative projects, lectures, and workshops related to the theme, amongst others. Such a model is also perceived and adopted by the institutional managers, with former students having the same thinking, perhaps because they reflect the dominant organizational vision. Our research, which establishes an innovative and out-of-the-mainstream character on the theme, is not limited to providing only supplementary knowledge. It questions the conception and application of entrepreneurial policies, projects, and actions at the IFRN. In addition, it suggests a different approach to entrepreneurship practices in the educational environment, whereas proposing viable and feasible alternatives for the institution.

Este artigo propõe a substituição da noção de consciência coletiva pela noção de contingência coletiva. A partir de uma releitura dos principais teóricos das ciências sociais neste campo de reflexão, tenta-se demonstrar que a noção de contingência coletiva é mais adequada no estudo de fenómenos sociais sujeitos à mudança e ao movimento, como é o caso dos fenómenos mais comuns no digital. Numa tentativa de alcance de maior objetividade e mensurabilidade sobre esta noção, é, paralelamente, proposto o estudo sobre os intelectos contingentes que pairam sobre o tempo vivido. Esta proposta conceptual interliga-se com a tese de que a comunicação digital amplifica, através da disseminação em massa de intelectos contingentes, o poder e a expressão da contingência coletiva. Para o demonstrar, debruçamo-nos sobre três fenómenos recorrentes no digital: o ódio no Facebook, o uso de arquétipos como arma de captura de atenção no YouTube, e a dimensão da “verdade” na Wikipédia. Concluímos que a contingência comunicacional coletiva marca decisivamente os ritmos sociológicos e políticos, produzindo dinâmicas de retroalimentação (positivas e negativas) e, com isso, uma consequente amplificação da sua força nas diversas esferas humanas., This article proposes the replacement of the notion of collective conscience by the notion of collective contingency. Based on a re-reading of the main social science theorists in this field, an attempt is made to demonstrate that the notion of collective contingency is more adequate in the study of social phenomena of change and move-ment, as is the case of the most common phenomena in the digital era. In an attempt to achieve greater objectivity and measurability on this notion, we also propose a study about the contingent intellects.This conceptual proposal is intertwined with the thesis that digital communica-tion amplifies, through the mass dissemination of contingent intellects, the power and expression of collective contingency. To demonstrate this, we focus on three recurrent phenomena in digital: the hate on Facebook, the use of archetypes as a weapon to cap-ture attention on YouTube and the dimension of “truth” on Wikipedia. We conclude that the collective communicational contingency decisively marks sociological and po-litical rhythms, producing feedback dynamics (positive and negative) and, with that, a consequent amplification of its strength in the various human spheres.

A grande ideia deste livro é que a Língua Portuguesa tem origens na Galiza (Espanha) e foi criada antes de Portugal existir como país. Trata-se de um trabalho que desconstrói as narrativas mestras, tão legitimadas, fazendo com que se naturalizasse a ideia falsa de que o português vem do fenício ou do árabe. A língua autonomizou-se e, hoje, são os galegos que se dizem faladores de português, o que não deixa de constituir uma grande ironia. O português é o quarto idioma mais falado no mundo., Este trabalho é financiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., no âmbito do projeto UIDB/00736/2020.

Greater scrutiny and demands for innovation and increased productivity place pressures on scientists. Forensic genetics is advancing at a rapid pace but can only do so responsibly, usefully, and acceptably within ethical and legal boundaries. We argue that such boundaries require that forensic scientists embrace ‘ethics as lived practice’. As a starting point, we critically discuss ‘thin’ ethics in forensic genetics, which lead to a myopic focus on procedures, and to seeing ‘privacy’ as the sole ethical concern and technology as a mere tool. To overcome ‘thin’ ethics in forensic genetics, we instead propose understanding ethics as an intrinsic part of the lived practice of a scientist. Therefore, we explore, within the context of three case studies of emerging forensic genetics technologies, ethical aspects of decision-making in forensic genetics research and in technology use. We discuss the creation, curation, and use of databases, and the need to engage with societal and policing contexts of forensic practice. We argue that open communication is a vital ethical aspect. Adoption of ‘ethics as lived practice’ supports the development of anticipatory capacity—empowering scientists to understand, and act within ethical and legal boundaries, incorporating the operational and societal impacts of their daily decisions, and making visible ethical decision making in scientific practice., FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (CEECINST/00157/2018)

Dissertação de Mestrado em Sociologia (Área de especialização Cultura, Lazer e Turismo), A alimentação é transversal na vida de todos os indivíduos e ela, com o passar dos anos ela vai agregando significados múltiplos e únicos para cada indivíduo em cada experiencia específicas. Cada indivíduo volta a experimentar sensações, sentimentos e emoções durante sua vida inteira e muitas vezes em torno de uma mesa ou de frente a um alimento, esta maneira de interpretar os signos da alimentação que ela coleciona através da própria experiencia do indivíduo afeta sua alma, seu psicológico, seu emocional. A forma positivo ou negativa desses afetos estão intrinsicamente conectadas ao que foi imbuído na alimentação durante sua trajetória de vida. O presente trabalho versa sobre a construção afetiva da comida através dos processos de interpretações de signos, memórias e emoções. Está investigação social terá como objetivo construir epistemologicamente, prévia e concomitantemente aos resultados, o conceito de afetividade alimentar; mapear as atividades afetivas familiares e geracionais na realidade brasileira e portuguesa; compreender o papel da alimentação no seu caráter afetivo para movimentos de resistência alimentar frente as mudanças no panorama global e o reforço da ideia de raízes culturais alimentares, pertença e tradição e por fim a forma como estes conceitos perpassam inconscientemente as gerações familiares e extrapolam assim para além do ambiente doméstico familiar. Estes resultados foram explorados através da análise qualitativa do conteúdo de materiais recolhidos através de questionários, num primeiro momento, e por entrevistas de grupos focais, num segundo e último momento. Esta investigação alcançou resultados que apontam para a construção inconsciente de forma diferente em cada geração estudada referente a construção afetiva da alimentação e como ela se produz e reproduz na vida cotidiana do indivíduo luso e brasileiro., Food is transversal in the life of all individuals, and, over the years, it adds multiple and unique meanings for every individual in each specific experience. Each individual goes back to experiencing sensations, feelings, and emotions during their entire life and often around a table or in front of a food, this way of interpreting the signs of food that they collect through the individual's own experience affects their soul, your psychological, your emotional. The positive or negative form of these affects are intrinsically connected to what was imbued in food during their life trajectory. This thesis deals with the affective construction of food through the processes of interpretations of signs, memories, and emotions. This social investigation will aim to build epistemologically, prior and concomitantly to the results, the concept of food affectivity; mapping family and generational affective activities in the Brazilian and Portuguese reality; understand the role of food in its affective character for food resistance movements in the face of changes in the global panorama and the reinforcement of the idea of food cultural roots, belonging and tradition and finally how these concepts unconsciously permeate family generations and thus extrapolate to in addition to the familiar home environment. These results were explored through the qualitative analysis of the content of materials collected through questionnaires, at first, and by focus group interviews, at a second and last moment. This investigation reached results that point to the unconscious construction in a different way in each studied generation regarding the affective construction of food and how it is produced and reproduced in the daily life of Portuguese and Brazilian individuals.

O luso-tropicalismo, para além de ter servido de suporte para a política do Estado Novo português em relação aos então territórios “ultramarinos”, para legitimar o colonialismo, serve hoje para dar corpo ao mito da tolerân-cia racial dos portugueses e até a um nacionalismo integrador e universalista. Isso mesmo pode ser observado no discurso político, como no caso do atual presidente da República português, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, durante o seu primeiro mandato (2016-2021). As suas intervenções são mapeadas neste artigo através de uma metodo-logia compósita, assentando numa amostragem não probabilística (por conveniência), tendo sido também utili-zada alguma análise de conteúdo. Estudar a receção do luso-tropicalismo em Portugal permite perceber como é que as ideias de Gilberto Freyre ainda ecoam no atual discurso político., Luso-Tropicalism, in addition to having served as a support for the policy of the Portuguese “Estado Novo” in relation to the then “overseas” territories, to legitimize colonialism, today serves to embody the myth of racial tolerance of the Portuguese and even a nationalism integrative and universalist. This can be seen in the political discourse, as in the case of the current President of the Portuguese Republic, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, during his first mandate (2016-2021), mapped in this article and developed through a composite methodology, based on a non-sampling probabilistic (convenience sampling), having also used some content analysis. Studying the reception of Luso-tropicalism in Portugal allows us to understand how Gilberto Freyre's ideas still echo in the current political discourse., El luso-tropicalismo, además de haber servido de apoyo a la política del Nuevo Estado portugués en relación con los entonces territorios “de ultramar”, para legitimar el colonialismo, sirve hoy para encarnar el mito de la tolerancia racial de los portugueses e incluso a un nacionalismo integrador y universalista. Esto se puede ver en el discurso político, como en el caso del actual presidente de la República Portuguesa, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, durante su primer mandato (2016-2021). Sus intervenciones se mapean en este artículo a través de una metodología compuesta, basada en un muestreo no probabilístico (por conveniencia), y también se utilizó algún análisis de contenido. Estudiar la recepción del luso-tropicalismo en Portugal permite comprender cómo las ideas de Gilberto Freyre aún resuenan en el discurso político actual., Este trabalho é apoiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. I.P., no âmbito do Financiamento Plurianual do Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade 2020-2023 (que integra as parcerias de financiamento base, com a referência UIDB/00736/2020, e financiamento programático, com a referência UIDP/00736/2020).