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Abstract Dental caries is a global oral health issue, especially critical in children, affecting their growth, nutrition, and education due to school absences or distractions from dental pain. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between school types (indicative of socioeconomic conditions) and dental caries prevalence among primary school children in Riyadh, alongside assessing the overall caries prevalence among schoolchildren in Riyadh. Retrospective study on 28,343 first and fourth-grade students from 960 public and private schools in Riyadh, using data from the Saudi Ministry of Health (Feb-April 2019). Utilized the DMFT/dmft index for assessment and collected demographic data. Most of the schools were public (76.1%), private national (17.1%), and private international (6.8%). Overall, the mean DMFT index for permanent teeth and the dmft index for primary teeth were 1.78 and 1.94, respectively. 58% of school children had no dental caries, 25% had mild caries, and 17% had moderate to severe caries. Public school children showed a higher caries prevalence than private schools. Oral disease rates were higher in girls than in boys, and grade four students had a higher prevalence than grade one students. Saudi Arabia, a developing nation, faces challenges in addressing oral health, especially in public schools. Targeted initiatives are crucial for awareness, preventive measures, and meeting oral health needs.

Purpose: To synthesize the available evidence on the extent to which area-level socioeconomic conditions are associated with drug overdose deaths in the United States. Methods: We performed a systematic review (in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, EconLit) for papers published prior to July 2022. Eligible studies quantitatively estimated the association between an area-level measure of socioeconomic conditions and drug overdose deaths in the US, and were published in English. We assessed study quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. The protocol was preregistered at Prospero (CRD42019121317). Results: We identified 28 studies that estimated area-level effects of socioeconomic conditions on drug overdose deaths in the US. Studies were scored as having moderate to serious risk of bias attributed to both confounding and in analysis. Socioeconomic conditions and drug overdose death rates were moderately associated, and this was a consistent finding across a large number of measures and differences in study designs (e.g., cross-sectional versus longitudinal), years of data analyzed, and primary unit of analysis (e.g., ZIP code, county, state). Conclusions: This review highlights the evidence for area-level socioeconomic conditions are an important factor underlying the geospatial distribution of drug overdose deaths in the US and the need to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations to inform future policy recommendations. The current evidence base suggests that, at least in the United States, employment, income, and poverty interventions may be effective targets for preventing drug overdose mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization has changed the livelihood diversity of rural communities worldwide. This study aimed to fit an indicator of the functional diversity of livelihood activities to assess the heterogeneity of socioeconomic conditions and their influence on agro-food changes in rural communities in Brazil. This study was conducted in three macro regions of Brazil, through semi-structured questionnaire interviews conducted in 1012 households to verify details about food patterns, self-consumption farms, and socioeconomic conditions. Data from questionnaires were analyzed using multivariate statistical models to appraise similarities among communities and determine the relative influence of socioeconomic factors on agro-food patterns. Specific socioeconomic status and use of natural resource data were analyzed while adjusting for Petchey and Gaston's indicator of functional diversity to evaluate the heterogeneity of local livelihood activities and socioeconomic conditions. This indicator summarizes the proportional livelihood richness in all sampled places, as better conditions for survival were found in specific localities of the central-west and eastern Amazon regions of Brazil. We also verified that the remote areas of the Goiás and Pará states were regions with the most significant maintenance of traditional food habits and use of natural resources. Although these results do not allow us to establish that all of these areas are undergoing an agro-food transition process, some localities are more likely than others to adjust their livelihood strategies to face global food changes. This interdisciplinary approach facilitated the identification of the most similar groups regarding their livelihoods and socioeconomic conditions that influenced the agro-food transition process in rural regions.

An accurate and timely spatialization of electricity consumption is fundamental for energy management and sustainable urban development. While previous research has relied heavily on statistical data or moderate-resolution nighttime light data, this study has presented a new spatialization method by combining high-resolution Luojia 1–01 nighttime light and urban functional zoning information. The total electricity consumption volume can be allocated to each land use pixel based on its strong linear relationship with nighttime light. Specifically, urban functional zoning data were connected with the corresponding economic sectors to differentiate the complex relationships between electricity consumption and nighttime light within different zones. The digital number value of every pixel can be multiplied by its corresponding electricity consumption coefficient. A number of comparisons have indicated that the proposed method can more accurately characterize the spatial distribution of electricity consumption. Our results can exhibit much clearer outlines and more detailed internal characteristics. More importantly, urban functional zoning information can be used to distinguish the electricity consumption of various economic sectors at fine scales. The proposed method is expected to capture the spatial characteristics of electricity consumption in a timely and accurate manner. The findings can help local authorities formulate sustainable energy utilization and emission reduction strategies.

Abstract Background Covid-19 has disrupted the lives of many and resulted in high prevalence rates of mental disorders. Despite a vast amount of research into the social determinants of mental health during Covid-19, little is known about whether the results are consistent with the social gradient in mental health. Here we report a systematic review of studies that investigated how socioeconomic condition (SEC)—a multifaceted construct that measures a person’s socioeconomic standing in society, using indicators such as education and income, predicts emotional health (depression and anxiety) risk during the pandemic. Furthermore, we examined which classes of SEC indicators would best predict symptoms of emotional disorders. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted search over six databases, including Scopus, PubMed, etc., between November 4, 2021 and November 11, 2021 for studies that investigated how SEC indicators predict emotional health risks during Covid-19, after obtaining approval from PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021288508). Using Covidence as the platform, 362 articles (324 cross-sectional/repeated cross-sectional and 38 longitudinal) were included in this review according to the eligibility criteria. We categorized SEC indicators into ‘actual versus perceived’ and ‘static versus fluid’ classes to explore their differential effects on emotional health. Results Out of the 1479 SEC indicators used in these 362 studies, our results showed that 43.68% of the SEC indicators showed ‘expected’ results (i.e., higher SEC predicting better emotional health outcomes); 51.86% reported non-significant results and 4.46% reported the reverse. Economic concerns (67.16% expected results) and financial strains (64.16%) emerged as the best predictors while education (26.85%) and living conditions (30.14%) were the worst. Conclusions This review summarizes how different SEC indicators influenced emotional health risks across 98 countries, with a total of 5,677,007 participants, ranging from high to low-income countries. Our findings showed that not all SEC indicators were strongly predictive of emotional health risks. In fact, over half of the SEC indicators studied showed a null effect. We found that perceived and fluid SEC indicators, particularly economic concerns and financial strain could best predict depressive and anxiety symptoms. These findings have implications for policymakers to further understand how different SEC classes affect mental health during a pandemic in order to tackle associated social issues effectively.

Mental health disorders have become a global problem, garnering considerable attention. However, the root causes of deteriorating mental health remain poorly understood, with existing literature predominantly concentrating on socioeconomic conditions and psychological factors. This study uses multi‐linear and geographically weighted regressions (GWR) to examine the associations between built and natural environmental attributes and the prevalence of depression in US counties. The findings reveal that job sprawl and land mixed use are highly correlated with a lower risk of depression. Additionally, the presence of green spaces, especially in urban area, is associated with improved mental health. Conversely, higher concentrations of air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and CO, along with increased precipitation, are linked to elevated depression rates. When considering spatial correlation through GWR, the impact of population density and social capital on mental health displays substantial spatial heterogeneity. Further analysis, focused on two high depression risk clustering regions (northwestern and southeastern counties), reveals nuanced determinants. In northwestern counties, depression rates are more influenced by factors like precipitation and socioeconomic conditions, including unemployment and income segregation. In southeastern counties, population demographic characteristics, particularly racial composition, are associated with high depression prevalence, followed by built environment factors. Interestingly, job growth and crime rates only emerge as significant factors in the context of high depression risks in southeastern counties. This study underscores the robust linkages and spatial variations between built and natural environments and mental health, emphasizing the need for effective depression treatment to incorporate these multifaceted factors. Plain Language Summary: This study examines the associations between built and natural environmental attributes and the prevalence of depression in US counties. The findings reveal that greater job sprawl and land mixed use are associated with lower depression prevalence. Additionally, the presence of green spaces in urban area is associated with reduced depression prevalence. Conversely, higher concentrations of air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and CO, along with increased precipitation, are linked to elevated depression rates. Associations between population density and social capital with depression prevalence display substantial spatial heterogeneity. Further analysis, focused on two high depression risk clustering regions (northwestern and southeastern counties), reveals region‐specific determinants. Key Points: Job sprawl, land mixed use, and green space associate with lower depression risk; the roles of air pollution and precipitation are oppositeAssociation of population density and social capital with depression prevalence exhibit significant spatial diversityPrecipitation and socioeconomic status mainly affect northwestern counties; population demographics plays key role in southeastern counties [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Covid-19 has disrupted the lives of many and resulted in high prevalence rates of mental disorders. Despite a vast amount of research into the social determinants of mental health during Covid-19, little is known about whether the results are consistent with the social gradient in mental health. Here we report a systematic review of studies that investigated how socioeconomic condition (SEC)—a multifaceted construct that measures a person's socioeconomic standing in society, using indicators such as education and income, predicts emotional health (depression and anxiety) risk during the pandemic. Furthermore, we examined which classes of SEC indicators would best predict symptoms of emotional disorders. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted search over six databases, including Scopus, PubMed, etc., between November 4, 2021 and November 11, 2021 for studies that investigated how SEC indicators predict emotional health risks during Covid-19, after obtaining approval from PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021288508). Using Covidence as the platform, 362 articles (324 cross-sectional/repeated cross-sectional and 38 longitudinal) were included in this review according to the eligibility criteria. We categorized SEC indicators into 'actual versus perceived' and 'static versus fluid' classes to explore their differential effects on emotional health. Results: Out of the 1479 SEC indicators used in these 362 studies, our results showed that 43.68% of the SEC indicators showed 'expected' results (i.e., higher SEC predicting better emotional health outcomes); 51.86% reported non-significant results and 4.46% reported the reverse. Economic concerns (67.16% expected results) and financial strains (64.16%) emerged as the best predictors while education (26.85%) and living conditions (30.14%) were the worst. Conclusions: This review summarizes how different SEC indicators influenced emotional health risks across 98 countries, with a total of 5,677,007 participants, ranging from high to low-income countries. Our findings showed that not all SEC indicators were strongly predictive of emotional health risks. In fact, over half of the SEC indicators studied showed a null effect. We found that perceived and fluid SEC indicators, particularly economic concerns and financial strain could best predict depressive and anxiety symptoms. These findings have implications for policymakers to further understand how different SEC classes affect mental health during a pandemic in order to tackle associated social issues effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the association between woman farmers and community well‐being using U.S. county‐level data. We address modeling uncertainty around three measures of community well‐being by using a spatial Bayesian model averaging approach and find that a higher share of farms operated or owned by women in a county is associated with higher rates of new business formation, longer life expectancies, and lower poverty rates. The results are consistent with a growing literature that finds women business owners approach their businesses more holistically, with positive community spillovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The augmented resource consumption, higher demand for resources, and limited supply promote a major resource crisis in a number of the largest economies. This crisis upsurges the ecological footprint (EF) augmenting the process of resource depletion and enhancing ecological degradation. Against this backdrop, this investigation aims to apprehend the interplay between environmental policy, socioeconomic conditions (SEC), financial globalization (FG), renewable energy (RN), and the EF within the top 10 economies. Driven by their massive economic growth, the top 10 economies have become entangled in a vicious cycle of resource consumption and environmental degradation. To understand these relationships, the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MM‐QR) is adopted, which helps to identify the impacts of regressors on EF from 2000 to 2021. The findings of this analysis denote that environmental taxes (ETX) reduce the EF in the context of top economies without much variation. RN bolsters reductions in the EF, displaying an escalating impact that ranges from the 10th to the 90th quantiles. FG reduces the EF across various quantiles, with its effects stimulating from lower to upper quantiles. The findings did not reveal any statistically significant effects of SEC on the EF. Additionally, the study observed a U‐shaped relationship between EF and economic growth, indicating a potential escalation of environmental issues with further development in the upcoming years. The study provides in‐depth policy directions for increasing the utilization of renewables and enhancing the FG to enhance environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study was to know the impact of microfinance on uplifting the socio-economic conditions of merged areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Objectives, as per the aim, were to know the impact of microfinance on basic needs, living standards and microfinance usage in merged areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The research conducted, aligned with the positivist philosophical viewpoint. As far as the research approach was concerned, quantitative and deductive approaches were employed. On the other hand, the research was based on a descriptive or survey-based strategy and employed the mono method. Moreover, the time horizon was crosssectional. The population of the study was unknown for which G*Power was used. The sample calculated was 350, after excluding the incomplete, it remained 304. The data was collected from the individuals who had taken microcredit from Akhuwat Islamic Microfinance (AIM), Sarhad Rural Support Program (SRSP), and National Rural Support Program (NRSP) via questionnaires. After highlighting descriptive statistics, the inferential statistics were carried out. The model summary of the predictor and predicted variables and values of R2 were calculated. ANOVA statistics and regression coefficients were also summarized. Hence, it was concluded that microfinance has an impact on basic needs, living standards, and microfinance usage. Furthermore, this study contributes to the present body of literature by filling a research gap as no such study, to the best of researcher knowledge, has been conducted in the said area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Mental health disorders have become a global problem, garnering considerable attention. However, the root causes of deteriorating mental health remain poorly understood, with existing literature predominantly concentrating on socioeconomic conditions and psychological factors. This study uses multi‐linear and geographically weighted regressions (GWR) to examine the associations between built and natural environmental attributes and the prevalence of depression in US counties. The findings reveal that job sprawl and land mixed use are highly correlated with a lower risk of depression. Additionally, the presence of green spaces, especially in urban area, is associated with improved mental health. Conversely, higher concentrations of air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and CO, along with increased precipitation, are linked to elevated depression rates. When considering spatial correlation through GWR, the impact of population density and social capital on mental health displays substantial spatial heterogeneity. Further analysis, focused on two high depression risk clustering regions (northwestern and southeastern counties), reveals nuanced determinants. In northwestern counties, depression rates are more influenced by factors like precipitation and socioeconomic conditions, including unemployment and income segregation. In southeastern counties, population demographic characteristics, particularly racial composition, are associated with high depression prevalence, followed by built environment factors. Interestingly, job growth and crime rates only emerge as significant factors in the context of high depression risks in southeastern counties. This study underscores the robust linkages and spatial variations between built and natural environments and mental health, emphasizing the need for effective depression treatment to incorporate these multifaceted factors.

Objective: This article investigates the intricate interplay between spirituality, religion, healthcare services, and cultural diversity concerning non-communicable diseases. Methods: The authors thoroughly searched scholarly articles in databases like CINAHL Database, PubMed, and MEDLINE. This search utilised English keywords. A review of these articles involved three approaches: a thorough investigation, a content analysis, and historical context. Results: There is a clear deficiency in cancer patients’ access to spiritual and religious healthcare treatments. This is not just a gap but extends to a failure to meet the all-encompassing requirements of individuals grappling with the multifaceted challenges of cancer. The lack of dedicated services deprives patients of crucial support for their emotional and spiritual well-being, impacting the holistic nature of their care. Recognising the profound psychological and spiritual implications of cancer, tailored spiritual and religious services have the potential to provide comfort, encouragement, and a sense of purpose. Conclusions: The analysis emphasises the interconnectedness of spiritual and religious healthcare services with cultural diversity. It comprehensively depicts the varied cultural dimensions of delivering these services to individuals battling cancer.

This paper studies how opioid analgesic sales are empirically related to socioeconomic disparities in France, with a focus on poverty. This analysis is made possible using the OpenHealth database, which provides retail sales data for opioid analgesics available on the French market. We exploit firm-level data for each of the 94 departments in Metropolitan France between 2008 and 2017. We show that increases in the poverty rate are associated with increases in sales: a one percentage point increase in poverty is associated with approximately a 5% increase in mild opioid sales. Our analysis further shows that opioid sales are positively related to the share of middle-aged people and individuals with basic education only, while they are negatively related to population density. The granularity and longitudinal nature of these data allow us to control for a large pool of potential confounding factors. Our results suggest that additional interventions should be more intensively addressed toward the most deprived areas. We conclude that a combination of policies aimed at improving economic prospects and strictly monitoring access to opioid medications would be beneficial for reducing opioid-related harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short note introduces the second special issue focusing on the analysis of comparative data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) Social Inequality (SI) module. In addition to expressing our appreciation for our colleagues on the drafting group for sharing their time and expertise to shape the content of the 2019 module, we provide a summary of the three empirical articles featured in this second special issue. These articles represent a further contribution to our understanding of inequality beliefs more than three decades since the first ISSP SI module was fielded in the late 1980s. In conclusion, we encourage the global research community to make extensive use of the 2019 ISSP SI module data to further explore the dynamics of inequality beliefs and socioeconomic conditions worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of stomach cancer (SC) is declining in most countries in the world, potentially associated with increases in the human development index (HDI). This study was conducted to characterise the incidence and trends of SC in the Brazilian population and its correlations with HDI components: longevity, education and income. Methods: Data on incidence of SC from Population-based cancer registries (PBCR) in Brazil during the period 1988-2017 were extracted from the Instituto Nacional de Câncer. Incidence rates were estimated for each PBCR in the same calendar period. Trends were analysed using the Joinpoint Regression Program, and correlations with HDI components (longevity, education and income) were examined using the Pearson test. Results: SC incidence rates in Brazil ranged from 22 to 89/100,000 among men and from 8 to 44/100,000 among women. The highest incidence rates for men and women occurred in northern Brazil. The SC incidence is stable in most of the capitals of the northern and northeast parts of the country, with reductions for both sexes in the South, Southeastern and Midwest. There was an inverse correlation of SC incidence rates for women with the components of HDI education (p = 0.038) and longevity (p = 0.012). For men, the inverse correlation occurred for the longevity HDI (p = 0.013). Conclusion: The improvement of HDIs in Brazil during the study period may have contributed to the stability of SC incidence but was not sufficient to reduce the overall SC incidence in the whole country. To better understand SC incidence in Brazil, efforts should be made towards ensuring that incidence data is recorded by PBCRs promptly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Children develop rapidly in the first year of life and this period should create a solid ground for their health in future. Diseases of the nervous system, mental and behavioral disorders occupy leading places among causes of childhood disability. Given that, the aim of this study was to search for parental risk factors endangering physical and neuropsychic development of infants. Infants living in Vologda region were selected as a research object. Our informational basis was represented by sample data of the prospective monitoring over children’s health (894 children from five different cohorts born in 1998, 2001, 2004, 2014 and 2020); statistical and sociological data on prevalence of risk factors in Russia and in the region. The information was provided by healthcare workers (obstetrician-gynecologist, neonatologist, and pediatrician) and children’s mothers. The applied methodology included inter- and intra-cohort sociological analysis; calculation of relative risk (RR) to assess a correlation between developmental delay and parental factors. Child development was assessed by a pediatrician using abnormal psychology and adaptation approaches. We analyzed Russian and foreign studies that focused on the same research subject. We calculated relative risks of various social-demographic, socioeconomic, biomedical and environmental factors for the development of children who participated in the cohort monitoring. This allowed us to identify those with prognostic value including young age of parents (RR = 1.40); a single-parent family (RR = 1.46), bad relationships between spouses (RR = 1.36); low purchasing ability of a family (RR = 1.59), poor living conditions (RR = 1.66); a future mother being exposed to chemicals and toxic substances (RR = 1.31), gas pollution (RR = 2.02), hand high temperatures (RR = 1.56) at her workplace one year prior to childbirth; a smoking mother (RR = 1.56); a father having a sexually transmitted disease (RR = 3.23); abnormal pregnancy. The identified risk factors for child development occur prior to childbirth and are manageable. Awareness about them makes it possible to neutralize their negative influence when a pregnancy is being planned. Our analysis of statistical and sociological data has revealed a descending trend for prevalence of practically all the analyzed risk factors. Still, some factors cause certain concern including high prevalence of smoking among women, future mothers included; prevalence of anemia in pregnant women; unresolved financial issues and poor living conditions of a considerable share of families who are expecting a child; effects produced on women by harmful working conditions. The results of this study can be used for developing programs aimed at protecting child’s health at any level, from an individual to the national one.

Fishing is one of the oldest activities developed by humans for both food subsistence and economic gain. Artisanal fishing has a great social impact; it helps satisfy basic nutritional needs and generates income for communities. Therefore, local ecological knowledge associated with such fishing practices is important because of its capacity to provide data on fishing research. Fishing in the study area is largely artisanal for subsistence, a consequence of the fact that there are no fishing associations or cooperatives which might empower local workers and help promote the sector. We based our study on a quantitative approach. Through this approach, we analyzed factors that influence future fishing decisions among artisanal fishers in a community in northern Colombia. We found that socioeconomic conditions and pollution were important considerations when respondents contemplated future fishing prospects. Respondents' perceptions of institutional support also influenced their attitudes about fishing. Most respondents planned to continue fishing. We encourage local authorities in such communities to address the challenges faced by artisanal fishers and develop strategies to improve the socioeconomic and environmental conditions in which such people work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In chronic diseases, QoL depends on several factors such as the type and duration of the disease, its treatment and side effects, the severity of symptoms, medication effects, patient age, limitations and self-care capacity. In chronic kidney disease it has also become a measure of health outcome. Objective: assess the association between QoL and socioeconomic, lifestyle and clinical factors of patients on HD. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological census, carried out among 1,024 patients on hemodialysis from all hemodialysis units at the metropolitan region in the Espirito Santo's, Brazil. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics data were used. QoL was assessed using the Short-Form health Survey-36 (SF-36). Data were analysed by multiple linear regression. Results: The best QoL was represented by mental health (72.16) and the worst QoL by the physical aspect (26.78). After multiple linear regression, predictors of QoL were identified, with emphasis on males, a predictor of better QoL for 5 of the 8 domains and the summaries of the physical and mental components. Education, associated with 5 domains, gives greater reference to income. Physical activity was a predictor of 7 of the 8 QoL domains and the summary of the physical component. Among the clinical variables, the number of complications is associated with 7 of the 8 domains and summaries of the physical and mental components. Conclusion: Male sex is highlighted as a predictor of better physical and mental health and elderly people with better mental health, despite the impairment in physical health. The absence of physical activity is associated with worse physical and mental health. Clinically, having 3 or more intradialytic complications was associated with worse physical and mental QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coinciding with a trend of rising economic divides within many countries, scholarly interest in the subject of inequality has grown significantly in the twenty first century. Since its creation in 1987, the Social Inequality module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) has evolved into an exceptionally comprehensive country-comparative individual-level database on public beliefs about inequality and socioeconomic conditions. The module stands out among international surveys due to its extensive thematic depth and breadth, along with the long timespan it covers. This provides unique opportunities for charting and monitoring longitudinal trends in social inequality, as well as for conducting comparative analyses aimed at advancing theories that incorporate the national context as an integral part of the explanatory framework. This article describes the content, coverage, and history of the fifth wave of the Social Inequality module (2019). This survey wave was conducted in 34 countries and combines previously fielded topics with new ones that speak to current debates in different areas of inequality research. The fifth wave introduces new questions focusing on anger and unfairness, reducing inequality by market actors, government inefficacy, lived experience of inequality, economic insecurity and deprivation, and social trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Old age disabilities are more common among women than men, and adverse socioeconomic conditions are associated with a higher prevalence of disabilities among older adults. The goal of this study was to complete a mapping review of the available evidence assessing the extent to which the observed sex differences in older adults' disabilities can be attributed to sex differences in socioeconomic status. We searched three databases for articles published between 2009 and 2019, and after screening and looking at eligibility criteria, 6 articles were included in the review. For those studies that did not directly analyse the contribution of socioeconomic conditions, we used the 'difference method' to estimate the proportion of the sex gap in disabilities among older adults that could be attributed to socioeconomic conditions. Our review demonstrated that women generally have a higher prevalence of disabilities than men. In several studies, these differences could be partly attributed to sex differences in the distribution of socioeconomic conditions. We also find great elasticity in the magnitude of both the sex gap in disabilities and in the proportion that could be attributed to differences in socioeconomic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from the 2015 wave of the China Household Finance Survey (N ≈ 12,100), this study used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between socioeconomic conditions (i.e., educational attainments, hukou status, and household financial assets per capita) and financial fraud victimization among Chinese older adults and the mediating roles of financial literacy and financial attitudes (i.e., interest in financial matters and risk tolerance). We found that although neither educational attainment nor hukou status was directly related to financial fraud victimization, household financial assets per capita was postively associated with the risk of financial fraud victimization. In addition, higher educational attainment, urban hukou, and more financial assets per capita were associated with more risk of financial fraud victimization through higher levels of financial literacy and higher interest in financial matters. Implications for preventing and protecting Chinese older adults from financial fraud victimization are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research study aims at finding out the impact of urbanization on the socio-economic condition of the people residing in the fringes of Faisalabad city. Urbanization is a dynamic process involving multiple factors. This phenomenon is attracting the attention of all the stack holders not only in the developed countries but also in the developing countries. The most prominent outcome of this urbanization process is the emergence of slums. Urbanization casts deep impact on the socioeconomic conditions of the dwellers of the neighbouring and bordering settlements. All the major cities of the country, Pakistan, are witnessing the same. Faisalabad is the 3rd largest city of Pakistan with a huge population residing in the adjacent localities of the city, Faisalabad. This study is based on the satellite imageries of Faisalabad for the last 24 years (1998-2022) acquired from USGS and processed and techniques used to find out the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC). The spatiotemporal variations of the urbanization process of Faisalabad were detected with the help of LULC by analysing and interpreting built up areas, open spaces, agricultural lands and water bodies. Furthermore, a baseline survey was conducted in the urban vicinities and adjoining rural areas through questionnaires and interviews. The study shows both, positive and negative, impact on the socio-economic condition of the people of the adjacent areas of the city. This study reveals that urbanization casts negative impact in health and housing structure and positive impact on education and economic conditions. This study will be of great importance for planners to for see the impact of urbanization on adjacent rural areas and to handle the upcoming adverse situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of mobility of care is relatively new and generating growing interest, because it allows a greater understanding of daily mobility and the differences in time use (TU) and unpaid workloads in the population. There is a large unexplored field of study in the relationships between the socioeconomic and gender characteristics of the population and care trips in large Latin American cities. This study uses the Mobility Survey for Bogotá − 2019 to characterizes travel for caregivers in the city, identifying trips made for care reasons, and then relating the analysis to variables of gender, age, socioeconomic status, occupation, and time and mode of transport used, in order to highlight and deepen the understanding of interdependence relationships between caregivers and care receivers. Results show that care work and care trips are carried out mostly by women, and we also find an unequal burden among caregivers and their socioeconomic conditions, with the lower strata population assuming a greater burden for care trips and time use when caring for others. Our findings contribute to the understanding of a phenomenon of growing importance and allow progress in the design and implementation of public policies towards a triple objective: transparency for care tasks and mobility, facilitation of their execution, and minimizing gender and socioeconomic status inequalities.

There is a paucity of research examining the patterning of socioeconomic disadvantages and mental health problems across multiple generations. The current study therefore aimed to investigate the interconnected transmissions of socioeconomic disadvantages and mental health problems from grandparents to grandchildren through the parents, as well as the extent to which these transmissions differ according to lineage (i.e., through matrilineal/patrilineal descent) and grandchild gender. Drawing on the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study, the sample included 21,416 unique lineages by grandchild gender centered around cohort members born in 1953 (parental generation) as well as their children (grandchild generation) and their parents (grandparental generation). Based on local and national register data, socioeconomic disadvantages were operationalized as low income, and mental health problems as psychiatric disorders. A series of path models based on structural equation modelling were applied to estimate the associations between low income and psychiatric disorders across generations and for each lineage-gender combination. We found a multigenerational transmission of low income through the patriline to grandchildren. Psychiatric disorders were transmitted through both the patriline and matriline, but only to grandsons. The patriline-grandson transmission of psychiatric disorder partially operated via low income of the fathers. Furthermore, grandparents' psychiatric disorders influenced their children's and grandchildren's income. We conclude that there is evidence of transmissions of socioeconomic disadvantages and mental health problems across three generations, although these transmissions differ by lineage and grandchild gender. Our findings further highlight that grandparents' mental health problems could cast a long shadow on their children's and grandchildren's socioeconomic outcomes, and that socioeconomic disadvantages in the intermediate generation may play an important role for the multigenerational transmission of mental health problems.

The scientific character of the curricula depends to a large extent, on the determination of the conditions and demands of the context in which they will be developed. Due to the lack of information on the socioeconomic situation of Lesotho, a diagnosis was made with the objective of identifying the general socioeconomic, education and health conditions of the country, which determine the contents of the Bachelor of Science in Physical Education and Sport. Document review methods and questionnaires to specialists were applied. Based on the results obtained, the contents and activities of the courses in the program were selected. The study concluded that the determination of the contemplated variables facilitates the selection of the contents and activities of the courses, which contributes to quality training and the insertion of graduates in the labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tobacco farming in Bangladesh has significant and far-reaching environmental impacts, affecting the land, water, and air. While the country has implemented tobacco control measures, the lack of monitoring and enforcement has resulted in environmental degradation and public health concerns. This study aims to document the environmental impact of tobacco farming in Bangladesh, adopting a qualitative approach to collect and analyze data. The study used focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and a structured questionnaire survey to gather data, assessing the impact of tobacco farming on the environment, socioeconomic conditions, and human health using a five-point impact assessment scale. Results illustrated that tobacco cultivation contributes to the ecosystem and natural resource degradation, leading to a loss of habitat diversity and domestic animal death. Soil erosion, water pollution, and air pollution from excessive plowing and pesticide usage have also been observed, causing skin diseases and other health issues. Despite some economic benefits, social conditions have worsened due to drug addiction and conflicts among tobacco workers. The study will help policymakers and environmentalists by highlighting the need to take action in reducing the environmental and social impacts of tobacco farming in Bangladesh. It also informs the public about the potential tobacco production and consumption risks. This study provides important insights into the adverse effects of tobacco farming in Bangladesh and emphasizes the importance of implementing appropriate measures to reduce environmental and public health impacts.

Eldercare is a major public health concern in many East Asian countries, including Japan, because of the ever-growing elderly population, and significant changes in family caregiving norms. The changes are due to global diffusion and the influence of socioeconomic and demographic shifts. Consequently, perceptions of the norm of family caregiving need investigation. We examined how demographic and socioeconomic factors influence the perception of family caregiving norms in Japan, using data from Osaka University's preference parameter study. According to the results of the probit regression, age, education, full-time employment, marital status, the number of sons and daughters, interactions between females and age and females and full-time employment, and parents' education are negatively related to the participants' perceptions of family caregiving norms. Our results suggest that people traditionally perceived as caregivers are less likely to have a positive attitude towards family caregiving, despite the government's efforts through Universal Long-Term Care Insurance, implemented in 2000. Therefore, authorities must reassess the role of families, explore alternative forms of community-based care, and provide more assistance to caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to extend our understanding of the link between socioeconomic conditions and psychological variables. It focuses on the effects of five distinct socioeconomic indicators on a range of psychological variables in samples of 162 individuals living below the poverty line and 188 of their more well‐off counterparts in Russia. Participants completed a questionnaire containing measures of socioeconomic indicators (i.e., income, education, perceived deprivation, subjective socioeconomic status, and childhood socioeconomic status) and psychological variables representing self‐regulation, motivation, and well‐being. Our main findings include: (a) significant effects of socioeconomic status on all psychological variables, which are in line with other studies seeking to answer similar questions, (b) varying importance of different socioeconomic indicators for different psychological variables, and (c) centrality of all socioeconomic indicators except childhood socioeconomic status, and of values of openness to change and self‐transcendence, satisfaction with life and self‐esteem in the network of relationships between socioeconomic indicators and psychological variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the current socio-economic conditions, the issue of ensuring the well-being of workers in the workplace is of relevance. The purpose of the research is to generalize the theoretical bases for determining the essence, components and objectives of ensuring the well-being of the organization staff; analysis of the current status of well-being of Ukrainian companies based on the authors’ own sociological research, as well as development of recommendations for maintaining the well-being of staff under the current conditions. It is proved that organisations can reorganize work in such a way that employees not only feel their best, but also work more efficiently, strengthening the connection between the staff well-being and the work outcomes. The role of well-being management is proved through high returns, motivation and efficiency of the staff work; unique value proposition of the employer; involvement and loyalty of staff; employer brand for potential employees; profitability of the business. It is displayed that one of the main directions of development of well-being programs in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic and the associated crisis is the support of emotional and mental health of employees. According to the results of the authors’ own sociological survey, the status and problematic places in ensuring the physical, psychological, social, career, financial well-being of employees in Ukraine are defined, the needs of employees in priority measures on the part of the employer in the sphere of well-being management are identified. According to the results of the research, the main directions of improving the practice of staff management in terms of ensuring all measurements of the employee well-being in the workplace can be summarized. These directions should become elements of well-being strategy in companies and include changing organizational and psychological aspects of the staff work, preventing stress and professional burnout, reducing threats to life at work, maintaining physical, mental and psychological health, career and financial well-being. Well-being of staff in the novel socio-economic conditions should become a new philosophy and culture of management, and HRM should be aimed at preserving and using human potential as best as possible, provided that staff are healthy and well-being.

Given that challenges on the issue of socioeconomic development faced by countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have been identified as critical to strengthening the inherent link between governance and socioeconomic conditions, this study examines the interconnections between governance and socioeconomic conditions in SSA. With a focus on 25 countries in SSA between 2005 and 2019, we conduct the analysis based on the Panel-Corrected Standard Error and System Generalized Method of Moments estimations and panel causality tests. The results show that SSA does not seem to have the means of effective governance to spur improved socioeconomic conditions. Moreover, the pervasiveness of institutional problems in many countries of SSA has been responsible for the poor socioeconomic conditions in the region. Likewise, governance quality and socioeconomic conditions are found to influence each other. An improvement in socioeconomic conditions could result in better governance quality. On the other hand, governance quality is viewed as a vital ingredient in achieving needed socioeconomic development outcomes. Thus, it is suggested that there is a need for countries in SSA to streamline governing systems toward engendering improved well-being. The introduction and implementation of transformative policies through effective governance are also necessary for ensuring critical structural changes and increasing social service provision. Overall, there should be a proactive identification of ineffective policies and procedures by policymakers to enhance meaningful impacts in the region.

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)