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The perfectionism social disconnection model (PSDM) contends that perfectionistic traits are negatively associated with depressive symptoms through reduced social support. However, no studies have investigated the role of interpersonal emotion regulation strategies in this disconnection process. This study aimed to examine whether different interpersonal emotion regulation strategies play mediating roles in the PSDM framework, using a partial structural equation modeling with a sample of 315 South Korean adults (female = 65.7%) aged 18 to 33 years (M = 24.9, SD = 3.03). Results from the serial mediation analysis indicated that self-oriented perfectionism was positively associated with a tendency of using other people to boost one’s positive emotions (i.e., enhancing positive affect), while socially prescribed perfectionism was negatively associated with this tendency. The tendency of using this strategy mediates the relationship between perfectionism traits and perceived social support, and consequential depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that interpersonal emotion regulation strategies aimed at enhancing positive emotions may help individuals with high perfectionistic traits to experience less social disconnection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friendships are important for the mental well-being of emerging adults. Socially prescribed perfectionism, where individuals feel pressured to be perfect by others, can be destructive, leading to conflict with others, depressive symptoms, and problematic drinking. However, its impact on friendships is not well-explored. This study examined 174 emerging adult friendship dyads using a 4-wave, 4-month dyadic design. Data were analyzed using longitudinal actor–partner interdependence models. Using a novel friend-specific measure of socially prescribed perfectionism, we found that an individual's perceived expectation to be perfect from a friend was positively associated with increased conflict between friends, as well as with higher levels of depressive symptoms and problematic drinking in the individual. Findings lend credence to longstanding theoretical accounts and case histories suggesting socially prescribed perfectionism leads to harmful individual and relational outcomes and extends them to the specific context of friendships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) is a critical predictor of depression. However, few studies have explored the mechanisms underlying the effects of SPP on depression in Chinese adolescents. Accordingly, the current study aims to explore the relationship between SPP and depression among Chinese adolescents, including the mediating roles of academic pressure, and the moderating role of hope. A total of 3,510 Chinese adolescents in high school (15.56 ± 1.14 years old) participated in the current research by responding to questionnaires on completing measures of SPP, academic pressure, hope and depression. After controlling for gender and age, the results showed that SPP significantly and positively predicted depression, and that academic pressure mediated the link between SPP and depression. In addition, the mediating effect was moderated by hope. Compared with those with high levels of hope, academic pressure had a weaker positive predictive effect on depression than in those with low levels of hope. These findings deepen the explanation of depression formation mechanisms from a personality perspective and have important theoretical and practical implications for the prevention and intervention of adolescent depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provided the first test of the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism with respect to dancers' goals for dancing in competitive dance. Four hundred twenty-five young female North American competitive dancers (M = 11.33 years; SD = 2.14) completed questionnaires assessing multidimensional perfectionism and goals for participation in dance. The latent moderated structural equations approach along with procedures outlined by Gaudreau indicated partial support for the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism. Pure Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism was associated with fewer intrinsic goals for dance and greater extrinsic goals for dance relative to nonperfectionism. Pure Personal Standards Perfectionism was related to less endorsement of extrinsic goals relative to nonperfectionism. Findings were complex with respect to mixed perfectionism, with this form of perfectionism being related to greater endorsement of both intrinsic and extrinsic goals for dance. Results provide partial support for the 2 × 2 model in youth dance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, cognitive appraisals, psychobiosocial experiences, and self-evaluated performance in soccer referees, using the multi-states (MuSt) theory as the theoretical framework. Method: Participants were 67 soccer referees (57 men and 10 women, Mage = 23.03 years, SD = 2.71) with 3–15 years (M = 7.36, SD = 2.44) of refereeing experience in first-class, promotion, or excellence matches. They completed questionnaires assessing perfectionism, competitive appraisals, and psychobiosocial experiences two days before a game, and self-evaluated their performance one day after the event. Results: Results revealed significant positive correlations (r > 0.20) between self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism with challenge appraisals, functional psychobiosocial experiences, and self-evaluated performance. Serial multiple mediation analyses showed positive indirect effects of both self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism on self-evaluated performance via challenge appraisals and psychobiosocial experiences (β = 0.023, 95 % CI = 0.000, 0.097, and β = 0.097, 95 % CI = 0.003, 0.253, respectively). Conclusion: The findings suggest that both dimensions of perfectionism may positively influence perceived performance when viewed as a positive challenge and associated with functional experiences. The study advances our understanding of the effects of perfectionism on perceived performance in the context of soccer refereeing. Practical implications for referee training programs are provided.

The prevalence of aggression in adolescents is on the rise, and it could be a serious public health concern. Studies have found positive relationships between perfectionism with anger, aggression, and hostility. However, the moderating role of self-compassion in the links between perfectionism with anger, aggression, and hostility has not been studied. To better understand the relationships between the three forms of perfectionism with anger, aggression, and hostility, this study aimed to explore the moderating role of self-compassion. Participants were 380 undergraduates selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique from three universities in Iran. Participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and the Aggression Questionnaire Scale. The results from structural equation modelling analysis showed that other-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism positively predicted anger, aggression, and hostility. The results showed that self-oriented perfectionism significantly and positively predicted anger and hostility; but there were no observed statistically significant relationships of self-oriented perfectionism with verbal aggression and physical aggression. The findings showed that self-compassion played a moderating role in the relationships between other-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism with anger, aggression, and hostility; however, it did not play a moderating effect on self-oriented perfectionism with anger, aggression, and hostility. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the moderating role of self-compassion in the links between other-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism with anger, aggression, and hostility among undergraduates. The findings of this study could be applicable for psychologists and counselors who deal with aggressive behavior, anger, and hostility in undergraduate students to assess the three forms of perfectionism and self-compassion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to reveal the moderating role of strong others' locus of control and work position in the effect of socially prescribed perfectionism on the machiavellianism tendency. For this purpose, data were collected from a total of 138 white and gray-collar employees working in various positions in a production company operating in Manisa, by survey method. The study examines the moderating effect of working position and strong others' locus of control on the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and machiavellianism tendency. It is found that perfectionism does not always cause a machiavellianism tendency. Findings indicate that while socially prescribed perfectionism has no effect on the machiavellianism tendency in white-collar workers; socially prescribed perfectionism has a positive effect on the machiavellianism tendency in gray collars, and socially prescribed perfectionism has no effect on the machiavellianism tendency in employees with a low level of strong others locus of control. It has been determined that socially prescribed perfectionism has a positive and significant effect on the machiavellianism tendency among employees with a high level of strong others locus of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging adulthood is a developmental period marked by numerous life transitions, leading emerging adults to be susceptible to distress and related psychological risks. The current study investigated the effects of socially prescribed perfectionism and parental autonomy support on psychological stress among emerging adults. We implemented a two-wave longitudinal design spanning a six-month period and latent moderation structural equations, based on data collected from 220 South Korean emerging adults (103 males, aged from 21 to 31 years). Our findings indicated that socially prescribed perfectionism predicted longitudinal increases in perceived stress, whereas parental autonomy support did not. Moderation analysis revealed that for those with high socially prescribed perfectionism, more parental autonomy support was related to greater increases in perceived stress. The results suggested that the effect of parental autonomy support may not be universally beneficial to children's psychological distress. Rather, the effect might vary depending on cultural context and children's individual differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) has been shown to be a risk factor for parental burnout (Sorkkila & Aunola, 2020). In the present study, we investigated the moderating role of self-esteem in this association. A total of 479 Finnish mothers of infants filled in questionnaires measuring their self-esteem, SPP, and symptoms of parental burnout. The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that mothers' self-esteem moderated the effect of SPP on parental burnout: Mothers with high self-esteem were at lower risk of showing burnout symptoms even when SPP co-occurred, whereas for mothers with low self-esteem, the effect of SPP on burnout symptoms was further strengthened. The results can be applied when aiming to improve maternal well-being by recognizing the risk factors of parental burnout and by offering counseling for parents at high risk. Highlights: Mothers' self-esteem moderated the relationship between parental burnout and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP). Mothers with high self-esteem were at lower risk of burnout than mothers with low self-esteem even when SPP co-occurred. For mothers with low self-esteem, the effect of SPP on burnout symptoms was further strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfectionism is highly and increasingly prevalent and is associated with concerning outcomes, including risk factors for suicidal ideation. However, it is not yet known under what conditions or through what mechanism perfectionism comes to be particularly maladaptive. Self-discrepancy theory suggests that perfectionism may be more maladaptive in the context of negative life events, through a pathway of appraisals of falling short of standards; this remains unstudied. To test this model, perfectionism, negative life events, appraisals, and demoralization were measured in a sample of 320 participants. The mediational pathway was supported, and perfectionism presented as a robust risk factor for both demoralization and appraisals of falling short of standards regardless of experience of recent negative life events. Indeed, perfectionism contributed far more variance to demoralization than this well-established risk factor. These results have clinical implications, in that perfectionism may meaningfully influence mental health outcomes even in the absence of activating life stressors, and this pathway may benefit from cognitive intervention. This study builds on extant literature to reveal an important mechanism by which perfectionism may lead to concerning outcomes, and establishes perfectionism as a consequential vulnerability factor independent of, and even relative to, negative life events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research on perfectionism and binge eating suggests that socially prescribed, self-oriented, and other-oriented perfectionism (Socially Prescribed Perfectionism, SPP; Self-Oriented Perfectionism, SOP; and Other- Oriented Perfectionism, OOP) are differentially related to binge eating. However, previous studies have largely utilized cross-sectional methodology. The present study used a 20-day daily diary methodology to examine associations between daily levels of perfectionistic dimensions and next-day binge eating behaviors with a nonclinical sample of emerging adults (N = 263). Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models indicated that daily SPP (but not SOP or OOP) predicted a greater intensity of next-day binge eating behaviors in the count portion of the model; however, daily levels of perfectionistic dimensions did not predict the presence/ absence of next-day binge eating behaviors in the zero-inflated portion of the model. Additionally, analyses examining the reverse causal direction (i.e., binge eating behaviors predicting higher next-day perfectionism) failed to provide evidence that the occurrence or intensity of binge eating behaviors predicts next-day levels of SPP, SOP, or OOP. Overall, at a daily level, SPP appears to be a vulnerability factor for binge eating behaviors. It may be helpful for clinicians to target state-levels of SPP to reduce harmful binge eating behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perfectionistic individuals present exaggerated performance standards, generating a constant search for flawlessness and a high tendency to self‐criticize. Dominant models distinguish three dimensions of perfectionism: namely, self‐oriented, socially prescribed and other‐oriented. Perfectionism constitutes a vulnerability factor for psychopathological disorders, but its role in severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) remains unexplored. Methods: Sixty‐five recently detoxified patients with SAUD and 65 matched controls completed a perfectionism questionnaire (the Hewitt Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale), together with measures of psychopathology. Results: SAUD was associated with greater self‐oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, with no group differences on other‐oriented perfectionism. This differential pattern persisted when controlling for depression and anxiety levels, and there was no correlation with alcohol consumption. Conclusion: This specific perfectionistic profile is consistent with those of previous studies showing lower self‐evaluation (e.g., higher self‐blame and reduced self‐esteem) and impaired social cognition (e.g., unrealistic social standards and greater social isolation) in SAUD. In view of its potential role in the development and maintenance of SAUD, perfectionism may constitute a valuable treatment target in patients with this disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, different personality characteristics may have influenced parental well-being in different ways. In the present study, we combined variable and person-oriented approaches and examined relationships between resilience, parental burnout, and perfectionism during the lockdown. We first used structural equation modeling to assess the paths between variables. We then used latent profile analysis to examine different profiles of parents based on resilience, perfectionism, and symptoms of parental burnout. Finally, we examined how these profiles differ in terms of relevant background variables. The results showed that resilience predicted parental burnout negatively even after controlling for multidimensional perfectionism. Parents' age, children's age, children's special needs, and the increase in time spent with children due to lockdown contributed independently to burning out as a parent. Three profiles were found: a resilient profile, perfectionist profile, and burned-out profile. Resilient parents were likely to be men, older, and with less financial difficulties than parents in the other two profiles, and less likely to spend increased time with their children due to lockdown than the burned-out parents. Perfectionist parents, in turn, had older children than the burned-out parents did. These results suggest that resilience may help parents overcome burnout at times of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares the severity of maladaptive personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in patients with primary and repeated suicide attempts. The study involved patients of the somatopsychiatric department of the Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care (N=61), who committed the first suicide attempt (n=31) or a repeated attempt (n=30). The results of the study did not reveal differences between the two groups in the severity of symptoms of social anxiety, depression and trait anxiety. However, indicators of such maladaptive personality traits as perfectionism and hypersensitive narcissism were significantly higher in the group of patients with a repeated suicide attempt. This group also manifested higher rates of the severity of borderline personality disorder traits and significant correlations between measures of psychopathology and maladaptive personality traits listed above. Conclusion: timely diagnostics of maladaptive traits and psychotherapy targeting socially prescribed perfectionism, hypersensitive narcissism, and borderline personality features after the first suicide attempt is necessary to prevent repeated ones.

The purpose of this study was to test the structural model for the effect on abnormal eating behavior targeting 493 nurses. Results, The direct effects of variables affecting abnormal eating behavior were in the order of eating abstinence and socially imposed perfectionism, and these variables explained 85% of abnormal eating behavior. Explicit narcissism had a significant effect on abnormal eating behavior through socially imposed perfectionism and eating restraint, and sociocultural attitude toward appearance through eating restraint. In the multi-group moderating effect, the path coefficients between job stress and abnormal eating behavior, socially imposed perfectionism and abnormal eating behavior were different between groups. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to lower the socially-imposed perfectionism and nursing intervention that can escape excessive eating abstinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aesthetic athletes face higher risks of disordered eating, and perfectionism is one of the determinants involved. While research suggests that perfectionism in sport may play a role in physical and psychological well-being, its influence remains to be confirmed. As such, further examination of the influence of perfectionism on health is warranted as it could lead to better interventions. This preregistered research sought to shed new light on these relationships by investigating the mediating role of passion in the perfectionism-disordered eating relationship as well as physical and psychological well-being in aesthetic sports. In Study 1, 229 American recreational and competitive athletes practicing either gymnastics (n = 150) or artistic swimming (n = 79) were recruited on MTurk to complete an online questionnaire. The same recruitment procedure was used for Study 2, with 107 American gymnasts (n = 69) and artistic swimmers (n = 38) completing the questionnaire at two timepoints, one year apart. Results from path analyses showed that socially prescribed perfectionism was associated with obsessive passion, which in turn was associated with disordered eating. Self-oriented perfectionism was associated with both obsessive and harmonious passion, the latter being more adaptative as it was associated with physical and psychological well-being. Thus, the way one engages in aesthetic sports matters, as engaging with obsessive passion may take a toll on one's health and lead to disordered eating. Conversely, fostering harmonious engagement seems to temper the negative associations between perfectionism and health outcomes and promote positive relationships with athlete's well-being, but requires further study. • Perfectionism is an antecedent of passion. • Harmonious passion is associated with physical and psychological well-being. • Obsessive passion represents a potential risk factor for disordered eating. • Self-oriented perfectionism is indirectly linked to adaptive and maladaptive results. • Socially prescribed perfectionism is indirectly linked only to disordered eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the research data, the number of adolescents and university students with emotional maladjustment is growing up along with increasing levels of perfectionism. In this study, the authors compared indices of perfectionism in two samples of Russian university students that completed the Three-Factor Perfectionism Inventory (N.G. Garanyan, A.B. Kholmogorova) in 2005—2008 (N=449) and 2017—2018 (N=194). The comparison revealed that levels of the most destructive perfectionism aspects associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms have significantly increased. Overall, the means on subscale corresponding to socially prescribed perfectionism have increased by 34%, whereas the indices of perfectionistic thinking have grown twice. According to multifactorial psychosocial model of affective spectrum disorders (A.B. Kholmogorova, N.G. Garanyan, 1998), the cult of success and achievements in modern society is inextricably linked to this growth of perfectionism indices. The data obtained and their interpretations correspond closely to the studies of researchers from western countries. The necessity to create a healthy learning environment and establish psychological service in education’s system is confirmed.

Many undergraduates face the problems of academic procrastination. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the factors associated with academic procrastination so that strategies can be planned to tackle the issue. This study uses the transactional model of stress and coping theory and personality-coping-outcomes theory as a framework. We use this framework to examine whether perfectionism is associated with academic procrastination. Besides, we use this framework to examine whether coping strategy mediated perfectionism's effects on academic procrastination. The purposive sampling method was used to recruit 229 undergraduates in Malaysia to complete a survey. A partial least structural equation model was used to analyze the data. The results showed that perfectionism is associated with academic procrastination. Besides, coping strategies are statistical mediators for the effects of perfectionism on academic procrastination. The findings support the generalization of the theoretical models to understand the mechanism of academic procrastination. Workshops and training can be provided to undergraduates to aware of the relationships between personality and academic procrastination and the importance of using appropriate coping strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The contribution of psychological risk factors to the intensification of pain experienced among individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is relatively under-studied. The present study aims to explore associations between FMS-related somatic symptom severity and two personality tendencies: anxiety sensitivity (AS) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP). Furthermore, the relative contributions of these personality tendencies are examined vis-à-vis the experience of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and the psychopathology of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Methods A volunteer sample of 117 Israeli adults with FMS responded to online validated self-report questionnaires regarding their PTEs, PTSS, somatic symptom severity, FMS, AS, and SPP in a cross-sectional study. Results Participants' self-reported PTSS rates (61.5%) were high. AS and SPP were positively related to somatic symptom severity. Interestingly, we found that PTSS positively predicted the severity of somatic symptoms above and beyond the contributions of AS and SPP. Conclusions The present study supports the assumption that psychological risk factors may affect the expression of somatic symptoms and the interpretation of pain stimulus arising in the body that might eventually be experienced as excessively painful. The study also suggests that above and beyond psychological risk factors, PTSS may express a high predominance and affect pain perception among participants with FMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Perfectionism is an often overlooked yet consistent construct related to insomnia in the scientific literature. Perfectionism and insomnia are both highly prevalent in adolescence. However, there is a dearth of research examining mechanisms linking perfectionism with insomnia, particularly in young people. The current study aimed to investigate whether vulnerability to stress, a factor common to both constructs, accounts for the relationship between perfectionism and insomnia symptoms in a sample of adolescents.Methods: 281 Australian participants (Mage = 16.53, SD = 1.91, range = 13-19 years, 78% female) completed questionnaires assessing perfectionism, vulnerability to stress and insomnia on one occasion.Results: Vulnerability to stress accounted for the relationship between self-oriented striving perfectionism, self-oriented critical perfectionism and insomnia symptom severity in females, but not males. Females reported higher self-oriented critical perfectionism, vulnerability to stress and insomnia severity, with a stronger relationship between vulnerability to stress and insomnia symptoms observed for females.Conclusions: These results may partly explain the preponderance of insomnia in adolescent females. Possible implications for the prevention and treatment of insomnia in young people are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to test the 2 × 2 model of dispositional perfectionism in an Ecuadorian sample of 1562 students aged between 12 and 17 years (M = 14.83 years, standard deviation = 1.86 years). The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the brief 21-item version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were used. Cluster analysis revealed four profiles: Pure Self-Oriented Perfectionism, Pure Socially Prescribed Perfectionism, Mixed Perfectionism, and Non-perfectionism. Mixed Perfectionism and Non-perfectionism obtained, respectively, the highest and lowest scores in anxiety, depression, and stress. The results are discussed in light of cultural differences in the interpretation and consequences of perfectionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Research suggests that social disconnection is one pathway that explains why perfectionists have higher negative mental health outcomes. However, thus far research has not examined the role that perfectionists' expectations, about their social world, plays in explaining social disconnection. The current study examined whether negative expectations about future social events and social hopelessness explained the relations between socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP), self-oriented perfectionism (SOP), and social disconnection. Method: The current study used experience sampling methodology (ESM) with 145 participants to test multilevel structural equation models examining whether negative expectations and social hopelessness mediated the relation between SPP (as well as SOP) and loneliness at the following time point. Results: Results indicate that having negative expectations for future social interactions and feeling socially hopeless explains the relation between SPP and loneliness both when loneliness was measured concurrently and loneliness measured later in the day. Having lower levels of social hopelessness explained the relation between SOP and loneliness when loneliness was measured concurrently and later in the day. Discussion: Findings suggest that SPP and SOP are differently associated with cognitions about social interactions and relationships in daily life, which in turn explains variations in loneliness. Results indicate that targeting socially prescribed perfectionists' negative social cognitions in treatment may be effective for reducing loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism, goal adjustment, and academic burnout. A total of 279 undergraduate students completed an online survey. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the mediating effect of goal adjustment on the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout. The results showed that socially prescribed perfectionism was unrelated to goal disengagement; however, goal reengagement mediated the positive relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout. In other words, higher levels of socially prescribed perfectionism predicted lower levels of goal reengagement; conversely, lower levels of goal reengagement predicted higher levels of academic burnout. The implications of these findings and the limitations of the present study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the inconclusive findings regarding the relation between perfectionism and eating disorder symptoms, it is important that we determine whether this relation is modulated by emotion dysregulation, which is a prominent risk factor for eating disorders. We sought to identify specific cognitive emotion regulatory strategies—rumination, self-blame, and catastrophizing—that interact with multidimensional perfectionism to shape eating disorder symptoms (i.e., shape, weight, eating concerns, and dietary restraint). Using latent moderated structural equation modeling, we analyzed data from 167 healthy young female adults. We found that only rumination significantly moderated the relation between socially prescribed perfectionism and eating disorder symptoms. However, this was not observed for self-oriented perfectionism or other regulatory strategies. These findings held true when a host of covariates were controlled for. Our findings underscore the crucial role of rumination, a modifiable emotion regulatory strategy, in augmenting the relation between socially prescribed perfectionism and eating disorder symptoms in young women.

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en examinar la relación entre el Perfeccionismo Socialmente Prescrito (PSP) y los cinco grandes rasgos de la personalidad en una muestra compuesta por 804 alumnos de Educación Primaria entre 8 y 11 años de edad (M = 9.57; SD = 1.12). Se empleó la subescala PSP de la Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) y el Cuestionario Big Five de Personalidad para Niños (BFQ-N) que mide los rasgos de Neuroticismo, Extraversión, Apertura a la experiencia, Cordialidad y Conciencia. Los resultados del análisis de diferencia de medias mostraron que los alumnos con alto PSP puntuaron significativamente más alto en Conciencia, Cordialidad, Extraversión y Apertura a la experiencia que sus iguales con bajos niveles de PSP, con tamaños del efecto pequeños en todos los casos. Por el contrario, no se observaron diferencias significativas en Neuroticismo. Los análisis de regresión logística revelaron que todos los rasgos de la personalidad, a excepción del Neuroticismo, cuyos resultados no alcanzaron la significación estadística, predijeron significativa y positivamente altas puntuaciones en PSP, con niveles de OR que oscilaron entre 1.01 (para Conciencia y Cordialidad) y 1.03 (para Apertura a la experiencia y Extraversión).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among academic self-efficacy, socially-prescribed perfectionism, and academic burnout in medical school students and to determine whether academic self-efficacy had a mediating role in the relationship between perfectionism and academic burnout. Methods: A total of 244 first-year and second-year premed medical students and first- to fourth-year medical students were enrolled in this study. As study tools, socially-prescribed perfectionism, academic self-efficacy, and academic burnout scales were utilized. For data analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results: Academic burnout had correlation with socially-prescribed perfectionism. It had negative correlation with academic self-efficacy. Socially-prescribed perfectionism and academic self-efficacy had 54% explanatory power for academic burnout. When socially-prescribed perfectionism and academic self-efficacy were simultaneously used as input, academic self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout. Conclusion: Socially-prescribed perfectionism had a negative effect on academic self-efficacy, ultimately triggering academic burnout. This suggests that it is important to have educational and counseling interventions to improve academic self-efficacy by relieving academic burnout of medical school students.

The purpose of this study is to examine the association between workaholism and two possible dispositional and situational antecedents, namely perfectionism, in terms of both self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP), and workload. Specifically, we hypothesize that both perfectionism and workload are positively associated with workaholism, and that workload may moderate the association between perfectionism and workaholism. Overall, 250 middle and top managers of an Italian service organization completed a self-report questionnaire. The hypothesized relationships were tested using moderated multiple regression. Results showed that SOP, SPP, and workload were positively associated with workaholism. Additionally, workload moderated the association between SOP/SPP and workaholism, which was stronger for workers with high workload. This study suggests that dispositional and situational factors, in terms of perfectionism and workload, may interact in predicting workaholism in managers. Interventions aimed at preventing workaholism could target cognitive elements of perfectionism, such as irrational beliefs about performance demands and failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model (PSDM) is a promising integrative model explaining relations between socially prescribed perfectionism (i.e., perceiving others require perfection) and depressive symptoms. Yet, the nature of the social disconnection proposed by the PSDM requires explication. Likewise, longitudinal tests of the PSDM are scarce. We addressed these important limitations by extending, testing, and supporting the PSDM in 127 undergraduates using a five-month, two-wave longitudinal design. Our model posited socially prescribed perfectionism generates depressive symptoms via two putative triggers: interpersonal discrepancies (i.e., viewing oneself as falling short of others' expectations) and social hopelessness (i.e., negative expectations concerning future interpersonal relationships). Congruent with the PSDM, bias-corrected bootstrapped tests of mediation revealed socially prescribed perfectionism conferred vulnerability for depressive symptoms five months later via interpersonal discrepancies and social hopelessness. Furthermore, results supported the specificity of our model beyond self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism. Findings lend credence and coherence to theoretical accounts suggesting socially prescribed perfectionism has a generative role in the development of psychosocial environments conducive to depressive symptoms. Moreover, our study offers investigators a conceptual framework for understanding the specific interpersonal mechanisms involved in the socially prescribed perfectionism-depressive symptom link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: This study investigated the mediating and moderating roles of emotion‐focused coping strategies (rumination and immature defenses) in the relationship between perfectionism and depressive symptoms in a Spanish community sample. Method: 438 participants (67.4% female; mean age = 36.94 years) completed self‐reports assessing perfectionism, rumination, immature defenses and depression. Multiple mediation, moderation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. Results: Brooding‐rumination and immature defenses mediated the relationship between perfectionism and depressive symptoms. Also, brooding‐rumination moderated the impact of perfectionism on depressive symptoms. The mediating effect of brooding in the relationship between perfectionism and depressive symptoms turned out to be moderated by immature defenses, such that the vulnerability link between perfectionism and depressive symptoms through brooding was stronger in individuals scoring high on immature defenses. Conclusion: Brooding‐rumination and immature defenses may be essential mechanisms to explain the paths and conditions whereby maladaptive perfectionism gives rise to depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the reasons and processes through which self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism demonstrate different predictive utilities in relation to adolescent students' achievement goals, classroom affect, and academic achievement in math and English. Results based on a group of 542 Chinese middle school students revealed that self-oriented perfectionism was closely related to both mastery-approach and performance-approach goals as well as positive classroom affect. In contrast, socially prescribed perfectionism was closely related to performance-avoidance goals and negative classroom affect. Moreover, achievement goals largely mediated the predictive paths between the two types of perfectionism and academic outcomes. The findings of the present study highlight the importance of recognizing the multidimensionality of perfectionism in understanding students' academic motivation and educational outcomes. • We investigated the roles of perfectionism in Chinese adolescent students' learning. • Different types of perfectionism demonstrated distinct predictive utilities. • Self-oriented perfectionism was closely related to adaptive outcomes. • Socially prescribed perfectionism was closely related to maladaptive outcomes. • Achievement goals largely mediated the paths between perfectionism and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to identify the existence of combinations of aggression components (Anger, Hostility, Physical Aggression and Verbal Aggression) that result in different profiles of aggressive behavior in children, as well as to test the differences between these profiles in scores of perfectionism, school refusal and affect. It is interesting to analyze these variables given: (a) their clinical relevance due to their close relationship with the overall psychopathology; and (b) the need for further evidence regarding how they are associated with aggressive behavior. The sample consisted of 1202 Spanish primary education students between the ages of 8 and 12. Three aggressive behavior profiles for children were identified using Latent Class Analysis (LCA): High Aggression (Z scores between 0.69 and 0.7), Moderate Aggression (Z scores between −0.39 and −0.47) and Low Aggression (Z scores between −1.36 and −1.58). These profiles were found for 49.08%, 38.46% and 12.48% of the sample, respectively. High Aggression scored significantly higher than Moderate Aggression and Low Aggression on Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP), Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP), the first three factors of school refusal (i.e., FI. Negative Affective, FII. Social Aversion and/or Evaluation, FIII. To Pursue Attention), and Negative Affect (NA). In addition, Moderate Aggression also reported significantly higher scores than Low Aggression for the three first factors of school refusal and NA. Conversely, Low Aggression had significantly higher mean scores than High Aggression and Moderate Aggression on Positive Affect (PA). Results demonstrate that High Aggression was the most maladaptive profile having a high risk of psychological vulnerability. Aggression prevention programs should be sure to include strategies to overcome psychological problems that characterize children manifesting high levels of aggressive behavior.

The aim of this study was to identify the existence of combinations of aggression components (Anger, Hostility, Physical Aggression and Verbal Aggression) that result in different profiles of aggressive behavior in children, as well as to test the differences between these profiles in scores of perfectionism, school refusal and affect. It is interesting to analyze these variables given: (a) their clinical relevance due to their close relationship with the overall psychopathology; and (b) the need for further evidence regarding how they are associated with aggressive behavior. The sample consisted of 1202 Spanish primary education students between the ages of 8 and 12. Three aggressive behavior profiles for children were identified using Latent Class Analysis (LCA): High Aggression (Z scores between 0.69 and 0.7), Moderate Aggression (Z scores between -0.39 and -0.47) and Low Aggression (Z scores between -1.36 and -1.58). These profiles were found for 49.08%, 38.46% and 12.48% of the sample, respectively. High Aggression scored significantly higher than Moderate Aggression and Low Aggression on Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP), Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP), the first three factors of school refusal (i.e., FI. Negative Affective, FII. Social Aversion and/or Evaluation, FIII. To Pursue Attention), and Negative Affect (NA). In addition, Moderate Aggression also reported significantly higher scores than Low Aggression for the three first factors of school refusal and NA. Conversely, Low Aggression had significantly higher mean scores than High Aggression and Moderate Aggression on Positive Affect (PA). Results demonstrate that High Aggression was the most maladaptive profile having a high risk of psychological vulnerability. Aggression prevention programs should be sure to include strategies to overcome psychological problems that characterize children manifesting high levels of aggressive behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the role of irrational beliefs at work in two samples of workers. The first aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of an Italian adaptation of the Work-related Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (WIB-Q; Van Wijhe, Peeters, & Schaufeli, 2013). Several confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), including multiple-group CFAs, supported the four-factor structure (i.e., performance demands, coworker's approval, failure, and control) of the WIB-Q in both samples. Additionally, the WIB-Q showed satisfactory convergent, discriminant and criterionrelated validity. The second aim of this study was to test a theoretical model in which irrational beliefs at work mediate the association between two dimensions of perfectionism--self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) and workaholism. Failure mediated the association between SOP/SPP and workaholism, whereas the mediating effect of performance demands was marginally significant. Overall, the results of this study suggest that interventions aimed at preventing workaholism should target perfectionist's work-related irrational beliefs related to failure and performance demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to identify possible combinations of Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP) and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) that lead to different profiles of child perfectionism, as well as to determine whether these profiles differ from each other as a function of scores on the three components of aggression (cognitive or Hostility, physiological-emotional or Anger, and motor or Physical and Verbal Aggression). A sample of 1815 Spanish students (50.36% boys) between 8 and 11 years of age was recruited and the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the Aggression Questionnaire were administered. Through cluster analysis, four profiles of child perfectionism, named Non-Perfectionism, Pure SPP, Pure SOP, and Mixed Perfectionism, were identified. In terms of aggression, Mixed Perfectionism was the most maladaptive profile, whereas Non-Perfectionism and Pure SOP were more adaptive than the others. Our results are interpreted in light of the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research has demonstrated relationships between neuroticism, perfectionism, and social anxiety. This study examined whether trait perfectionism (particularly socially prescribed perfectionism [SPP]) and perfectionistic self-presentation predicted social interaction and evaluation anxiety while controlling for neuroticism. It also explored which neuroticism facets uniquely predicted social anxiety. Participants (N = 271) completed self-report measures assessing: social anxiety, trait perfectionism, perfectionistic self-presentation, and neuroticism. Most notably, results showed that the self-consciousness, vulnerability, and impulsiveness facets of neuroticism uniquely predicted interaction anxiety. Conversely, the self-consciousness, vulnerability, and anxiety facets uniquely predicted evaluation anxiety. Furthermore, while controlling for neuroticism, both SPP and self-oriented perfectionism uniquely predicted evaluation anxiety. Alternatively, nondisplay and nondisclosure of imperfection (but not trait perfectionism) uniquely predicted interaction anxiety. Overall, these findings demonstrate that neuroticism facets and aspects of perfectionism differentially predict social interaction and evaluation anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2 x 2 model of dispositional perfectionism has been very well received by researchers of the topic, leading to the creation of new studies that have analyzed the way in which the four proposed subtypes are distinctly associated with measures of adaptation and maladjustment. The goal of this study was to determine the possible existence of four profiles of child perfectionism that are congruent with the subtypes proposed by the 2 x 2 model, and whether these subtypes are associated with school anxiety, in accordance with the hypotheses established by the model. The sample was composed of 2157 students from Spanish Primary Education aged between 8 and 11 years (M = 9.60, SD = 1.24). The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale was used to assess Socially Prescribed Perfectionism and Self-Oriented Perfectionism, and the School Anxiety Inventory for Primary Education was used to measure school anxiety. The results of cluster analysis identified four differential groups of perfectionists similar to the subtypes defined by the 2 x 2 model: Non-Perfectionism, Pure Personal Standards Perfectionism (Pure PSP), Pure Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism (Pure ECP), and Mixed Perfectionism. The four groups presented a differentiable pattern of association with school anxiety, with the exception of Pure PSP and Pure ECP, which showed no significant differences. Participants classified as Non-perfectionists presented the most adaptive outcomes, whereas subjects included in the Mixed Perfectionism group scored significantly higher on school anxiety than the three remaining groups. To conclude, the results partially supported the hypotheses of the 2 x 2 model, questioning the consideration of Self-Oriented Perfectionism as a positive manifestation of perfectionism and showing that it is the combination of high scores in both perfectionist dimensions, Self-Oriented Perfectionism and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism, that implies higher levels of school anxiety. These findings should be taken into account when generalizing the 2 x 2 model to child population.

High anxiety levels have been associated with high levels of the imposter phenomenon (IP), a negative experience of feeling like a fraud. This study was designed to explore IP among graduate students and to determine whether a difference exists between online graduate students and traditional graduate students. The theoretical foundation of this study was social influence, which holds that students may feel pressured in a traditional setting because of the social cues of peers and instructors, as well as institutional norms. This quantitative study used a between-subjects design to compare 2 independent samples (115 online students & 105 traditional students). The study used a cross-sectional survey design, with 4 different measures: the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale, and a basic demographic survey. Results indicated that traditional graduate students had significantly higher IP scores than online graduate students. Results also indicated a significant, positive relationship between IP scores and anxiety scores. Regression analysis indicated that perfectionism was the most influential predictor of IP scores, followed by anxiety and program type. Because the scale used in this study explored socially prescribed perfectionism, the results appear to suggest an underlying social component to IP.