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In this paper, we examined the role of age in combination with cultural values in in-group biases in an experimental study. By manipulating uncertainty avoidance from Hofstede's cultural dimensions (1983, 2010), we compared in-group biases between two age groups (7-9 and 13-14). The results revealed that age has a significant main effect for only explicit in-group bias measure whereas there was no causal effect of cultural values along with age in any of the in-group bias measurements. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed further. Keywords: in-group bias, cultural values, age, uncertainty avoidance, resource allocation, It is well documented that people are motivated to have a positive social identity and to create a positive distinctiveness between their in- and out-groups. In particular, we have a [...]

Abstract. We design a series of online performance feedback interventions that aim to motivate the production of user-generated content (UGC). Drawing on social value orientation (SVO) theory, we develop a [...]

Unelected Power, the quest for legitimacy in central banking and the regulatory state, by Paul Tucker At the 2015 Sintra conference, European Central Bank President Mario Draghi addressed the topic [...]

Value neutrality and science are often equated. This paper argues that the work of doing science and engaging in scientific practices with meaningful objects depend on social facts which have moral prerequisites and are not value neutral. La neutrality au niveau des valeurs et la science sont souvent assimilees. Cet article propose que le travail scientifique et l'engagement dans les pratiques scientifiques par rapport a des objets porteurs de sens se fondent sur des faits sociaux ayant des pre-requis moraux et qu'ils ne sont pas neutres en termes de valeur., THE QUESTION OF VALUE NEUTRALITY has been a contested issue since the early twentieth century. Its original formulation in 1917 is attributed to Max Weber, but there were other early [...]

This panel was convened at 9:00 a.m., Saturday, April 15, 2017, by its moderator, Marie Jacobsson of the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, who introduced the panelists: Mortimer Sellers of [...]

ABSTRACT This Article considers the question of "what we create when we create." Certainly, one product of creation is "stuff"--inventions, trademarks, and works of authorship. But the same creative process [...]

CONTENTS I Introduction II Discussion III Magna Carta and Australia IV Conclusion I INTRODUCTION May I commence by thanking the Dean of the Law School of the University of Melbourne [...], This speech was delivered by the Honourable Justice Susan Crennan AC as the Victoria Law Foundation Law Oration 2014 on 21 May 2014 in the Banco Court of the Supreme Court of Victoria. Magna Carta can be considered one of the most significant documents ever drafted as it espouses many of the individual freedoms and constraints on the actions of the state that have formed the foundation of common law legal systems around the world. Nearly 800 years after it was accepted by King John of England, Magna Carta has had a striking influence on the development of shared constitutional traditions in the United Kingdom and Australia, and provides a historical basis to many of the common law values which have since been given force through legislation or case law. This speech examines some of the implications and interpretations of Magna Carta from throughout the ages, and considers its ongoing significance for Australian constitutional adjudication in providing a basis for some of the important unwritten assumptions underpinning the Constitutionsuch as the spirit of legality and the rule of law.

We examine how emerging organizations acquire shape by drawing on multiple organizational forms, a process we call organizational bricolage. Studying lndymedia London, a grassroots media collective, we propose a grounded [...]

Much of what Philip Gorski says in his piece is undeniably true. I agree that a rigid distinction between facts and values cannot be maintained, and that the researcher's claim [...]

There is a curiously Nietzschean vein in Philip Gorski's call to remoralize social sciences by way of Aristotle--'curious' because Gorski chides Max Weber for irrationalist Nietzschean tendencies; 'Nietzschean,' in echoes [...]

Can tribunal decision-makers take account of community values, community standards or community expectations in the course of their deliberations? The courts have grappled with the role of community values in [...]

This exposition integrates scholarly literature and interviews with senior executives to develop a framework for understanding the conditions which generate initiatives with high shared value for global enterprises and society. [...]

In this article, I argue that spontaneous orders are natural outgrowths of liberal principles and that a better understanding of them sheds light on a fateful split between nineteenth-century American [...]

We consider the implications of the three pillars of sustainability (environment, economy and social justice) on consumption in a wealthy country. Building a theoretical model that includes consumers, business, government, the environment, and economic and political relations between nations, we explore how sustainability should affect the consumption behavior of consumers, charitable aid to poorer countries, and responsible environmental practices by businesses. Our model enables us to provide normative implications for consumers, society and business. Importantly, we assume that all stakeholders will optimize their self-interest, and that altruism will only partly explain behavior consistent with sustainability. Among the more non-obvious findings are that (1) the poorer the poor countries are, the less the rich countries should consume, (2) the more sensitive the global political climate is to economic inequity between the rich and poor nations, the less the rich countries should consume, and (3) if aid to poor countries is effective enough, then the more materialistic the society is, the more charitable aid it should give. We also confirm a number of more intuitive findings, such as that business should use more green technology as the taxes on pollution and/or efficiency of green technology increase, and the more resource-intensive consumption is, the less consumers should consume. Taken as a whole, the findings imply that societal consumption patterns should be sensitive to aspects of environmental impact and social justice, even if altruistic motivations are absent. Keywords Sustainability * Consumption * Social value creation * Environmental policy * Green technology * Global conflict * Materialism * Happiness * Global inequity * Resource consumption * Customer satisfaction, Introduction The recent 2009 Copenhagen climate conference received unprecedented media coverage and political participation due to our desperate need to cool down the globe. The purpose of this conference was [...]

The Asian values debate has been long on speculative advocacy but short on empirical validation, with statistical tests emerging only lately. This study explores two questions: whether Asians indeed hold [...]

The authors coin the term double embeddedness to denote the two-sided nature of communities, markets, and organizations--where social, political, and economic actions are embedded in social structure and culture. Structural embeddedness and cultural embeddedness and their interactions are variable, dynamic, and complex. The authors develop a typology based on these two forms of embeddedness, illustrating four ideal-types with examples from the United States and Europe. Two paths of stability and change in the United States are analyzed. The first is the observed decline of social capital coupled with the observed stability of shared values. The second is the hypothesized geographical polarization of values and networks, such as red versus blue states. Applying Coleman's macro--micro--macro model, it is shown that these two paths are the first and second cycles of a two-cycle model of social change. Also analyzed are some of the social mechanisms (situational, action formation, and transformational) that underlie this two-cycle model. Keywords: social capital; embeddedness; values; mechanisms; micro-macro link

CHIN-CHUN YI, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nangang, Taipei City 115, Taiwan HSIANG-MING KUNG, Department of Social Psychology, Shih Hsin University, #1, Lane 17, Sec. 1, Mu-Cha Road, Taipei City 116, Taiwan YU-HUA CHEN, Department of Bio-Industry Communication and Development, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan JOUJUO CHU, Department of Labor Relations & Institute of Labor Studies, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, MinHsiung, Chia-Yi County 62102, Taiwan The Importance of Social Context in the Formation of the Value of Children for Adolescents: Social Class And Rural Urban Differences in Taiwan This paper examines how adolescents' values may be shaped by the immediate social context with special reference to social class and rural urban background. The locus of study is Taiwan, a society with drastically declining birth rates in recent years. It is hypothesized that the value adolescents place on having children (or the positive value) and not having children (or the negative value) are accounted for by individual, familial and social contextual factors. Data are taken from an island-wide sample of first-year senior high students. A field survey was administered from winter of 2005 to spring of 2006. The analysis shows that three dimensions can be extracted from both positive and negative values toward having children: with emotional value rated the most important, followed by physical and social value. Results indicate that expected effects from different social class and rural-urban background vary and are salient for explaining physical and social value. In addition, social contextual factors and individual factors are shown to contribute to the formation of positive value of children among Taiwanese adolescents. The importance of social context in adolescents' value formation with regard to the value of children is thus supported. Keywords: positive value of children, negative value of children, social context, social class, rural urban background, social network CHIN-CHUN YI, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nangang, Taipei City 115, Taiwan HSIANG-MING KUNG, Department of Social Psychology, Shih Hsin University, #1, Lane 17, Sec. 1, Mu-Cha Road, Taipei City 116, Taiwan YU-HUA CHEN, Department of Bio-Industry Communication and Development, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan JOUJUO CHU, Department of Labor Relations & Institute of Labor Studies, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, MinHsiung, Chia-Yi County 62102, Taiwan L'importance du contexte social dans la valorisation des enfants aupres des adolescents: Les differences de classes sociales et les differences ubain-rural a Taiwan Cet article analyse la facon dont la valorisation attribuee par les adolescents est faconnee par le contexte social direct avec une reference particuliere a la classe sociale et a un environnement urbain ou rural. Le champs d' etude est Taiwan, sachant que le taux de natalite de la societe taiwanaise a dramatiquement chute ces dernieres annees. On formule l'hypothese que la valeur attribuee par les adolescents sur le fait d'avoir des enfants (valorisation) ou sur le fait de ne pas avoir d'enfants (devalorisation) est justifiee par des facteurs issus de contextes sociaux, familiaux et individuels. Les donnees ont ete recueillis aupres d' un large echantillon d'eleves de premiere annee de lycee repartis sur toute I'ile. Une enquete sur le terrain a ete faite entre I'hiver 2005 et le printemps 2006. Les analyses montrent que trois dimensions peuvent etre extraites des estimations positives et negatives sur les enfants: la valeur emotionnelles est la plus importantes, suivie par les valeurs physique et sociale. Les resultats indiquent que les effects attendus provenant des differentes classes sociales et de l'environnement rural-urbain varient et sont frappants. De plus, les facteurs sociaux et les facteurs individuels montrent que ceux-ci contribuent a la formation d'une valorisation positive des enfants parmi les adolescents taiwanais. L'importance du contexte social dans la constitution de la valorisationattribuee par les adolescents en ce qui concerne la valorisation des enfants est ainsi demontree. Mots-cles: Valorisation des enfants, contexte social, classes sociales, environnement rural-urbain, reseau social CHIN-CHUN YI, Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nangang, Taipei City 115, Taiwan HSIANG-MING KUNG, Department of Social Psychology, Shih Hsin University, #1, Lanel7, Sec.1, Mu-Cha Road, Taipei City 116, Taiwan YU-HUA CHEN, Department of Bio-Industry Communication and Development, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan JOUJUO CHU, Department of Labor Relations & Institute of Labor Studies, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi County 62102, Taiwan La importancia del contexto social en la formacion de los Valores Relativos a los Ninos entre los adolescentes: Diferencias entre clases sociales y entre campo y ciudad El presente trabajo examina como los valores de los adolescentes pueden ser perfilados por la pertenencia a una clase social y al contexto en el que se vive, bien sea rural o urbano. El presente caso de estudio es Taiwan, una sociedad que ha experimentado un drastico declive de su tasa de natalidad. Se parte de la hipotesis de que el valor de fertilidad entre los adolescentes (positivo o negativo en funcion de estar a favor de su crecimiento o en su contra) dependen de factores individuales, familiares y sociales. La base de information para verificar esto esta tomada de una encuesta hecha en toda la isla a estudiantes del primer ario del ciclo superior de bachillerato. El trabajo de campo se realizo desde el invierno de 2005 hasta la primavera de 2006. El analisis senala que de las apreciaciones positivas de los Valores Relativos a los Ninos, tres dimensiones que pueden extraerse: la mas importante es la emotional, seguida de la fisica y finalmente de la social. Los resultados indican que los efectos esperados de las diferentes clases sociales y del ambiente rural/urbano son especialmente importantes para explicar los aspectos fisicos y sociales. Adicionalmente, los factores de contexto social (como las redes de apoyo) asi como los individuales muestran que contribuyen a la formacion positiva de los Valores Relativos a los Ninos entre los adolescentes taiwaneses. Por ultimo la importancia del contexto social en la formacion de los Valores Relativos a los Ninosentre los adolescentes es algo que tambien queda demostrado. Palabras clave: valoracion positiva de lo ninos, valoracion negativa de los ninos, contexto social, clase social, transfondo rural y urbano, redes sociales de cooperation, INTRODUCTION In recent years, fertility behavior, parenting and elderly support have received increasing attention in family studies. This is largely due to emergent changes in'the population structure, especially the declining […]

Applying the ideas of Norbert Elias to the sociology of moral panics, this article argues that moral panics are processes of decivilization; occurring where civilizing processes break down and decivilizing trends become dominant. Examining the definitions of Goode & Ben-Yehuda (1994) and Stanley Cohen (2002), the article compares key characteristics of moral panics with some of the symptoms of decivilizing processes as proposed by Stephen Mennell (1990). Proposing two different types of campaigns that may accompany panics--integrative campaigns to 'civilize' the 'other'; and exclusionary campaigns to isolate the 'dangerous' other--the article concludes by outlining how some of the fundamental concepts of figurational sociology can aid in our understanding of the complexities of moral panics.

A rapidly growing Latino population challenges the U.S. mental health system. Despite a high service need, significant disparities in access to care have resulted in patterns of low utilization and frequent dropout. Furthermore, natural ambivalence as individuals access a traditionally underutilized source of support may further compromise the effective therapeutic engagement of Latinos. Thus, practitioners and researchers seek to identify means by which to enhance service delivery for this historically underserved population. Following the demonstrated efficacy of motivational interviewing with highly ambivalent client populations and drawing on the authors' clinical experiences with monolingual Spanish-speaking Latinos in a community mental health setting, this article describes the application of motivational interviewing principles to 3 Latino cultural values and offers clinical practice recommendations to help create a client-centered and culturally congruent therapeutic milieu. Keywords: Latino mental health, therapeutic alliance, motivational interviewing, cultural values, engagement

This article is a reading of the 'new sociology' that is mainly identified with the works of C.Wright Hills and Alvin Gouldner. Its main argument is that during the past 40 years the new sociology gave back a public face to sociology. This distinguishes it from the 'old sociology' that had not been able to free itself from 'private' social values. It is argued that Mills' power elite and Gouldner's coming crisis theses provided the foundation for a common enterprise among many 'new sociologists' to develop a critical and public sociology that would seek to shape what Mills called the 'democratic society of publics'. 'New sociologists' share a critique of modern societies, namely, that though most modern societies have formal democracies, a substantial democratic social structure of publics is often lacking, due to the erosion of the public sphere by private values. KEY WORDS coming crisis / power elite / public sociology / reflexivity / sociological imagination / welfare state

Perhaps the most obvious way of linking the concepts of civic virtue and social diversity is to ask what civic virtues are appropriate to a polity characterized by social diversity. [...]

The relationship of the organization with the stakeholders is explained on the basis of its identity framework and the way these firms actively interact with the investors to create distinct forms of social values is presented.

Two experiments examined the role of valuing the welfare of a person in need as an antecedent of empathic concern. Specifically, these experiments explored the relation of such valuing to a well-known antecedent--perspective taking. In Experiment 1, both perspective taking and valuing were manipulated, and each independently increased empathic concern, which, in turn, increased helping behavior. In Experiment 2, only valuing was manipulated. Manipulated valuing increased measured perspective taking and, in part as a result, increased empathic concern, which, in turn, increased helping. Valuing appears to be an important, largely overlooked, situational antecedent of feeling empathy for a person in need. Keywords: empathy, empathic concern, valuing, perspective taking, helping

The article offers a review of the hazards of a risk ridden society, relevant today are both natural and technological risks with reaching effects on basic fundamental values.

Past research has shown that people with prosocial orientations exercise restraint when collectively shared resources are close to being depleted, whereas people with proself orientations tend to maintain high levels of consumption. This research seeks to extend this important finding by examining whether the presence of noise in social-ecological interaction may modify the effects of social values in a commons dilemma. Participants were taking resources from a gradually declining pool. For half of the participants, the intended consumption was subject to incidental increases in consumption (negative noise). Consistent with hypotheses, noise exerted detrimental effects on cooperation when resources became scarce, yet these effects were only observed for prosocials, not for proselfs. These results indicate that noise in social-ecological interaction plays an important role in common-pool management. It tends to undermine cooperation among those who are otherwise inclined to save resources. Keywords: social interaction; cooperation; conservation; noise; social value orientation; commons dilemma

Emotional influences on behavior in a give-some dilemma game from a functional perspective are discussed. The observations show that individual differences in the behavioral consequences of induced emotional states were related to variation in chronic accessibility to goals that were general and associated with a certain state of emotion.

How and why does a given social value come to shape the way an individual thinks, feels, and acts in a specific social situation? This study links ideas from Goffman's frame analysis to other lines of research, proposing that dramatic narratives of variable content, vividness, and language-in-use produce variation in the accessibility of schematic, internal cultural frameworks, and, thereby, variation in the social value frames that gain situational primacy. Hypotheses derived from the argument are experimentally supported, and results encourage further research on the process of social value framing, which operates as a person crosses boundaries in the complex subcultural mosaic.

A model of issue crafting, which varies with organizational values and power relationships is discussed as it broadens the theories of influence.

Economics professor Duncan Foley discusses the relation between self-interest and social development.

We develop a framework for valuing improvements in health and apply it to past and prospective reductions in mortality in the United States. We calculate social values of (i) increased longevity over the twentieth century, (ii) progress against various diseases after 1970, and (iii) potential future progress against major diseases. Cumulative gains in life expectancy after 1900 were worth over $1.2 million to the representative American in 2000, whereas post-1970 gains added about $3.2 trillion per year to national wealth, equal to about half of GDP. Potential gains from future health improvements are also large; for example, a 1 percent reduction in cancer mortality would be worth $500 billion.