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This paper proposes a new theoretical model to explain the acceptance/rejection of agents (co-workers) and various social groups (people with mental disorders or disabilities, the elderly, the unemployed/poor, ethnic minorities) in a given social system: the social utility-based acceptance/rejection (SUBAR) Model. Based on a social utility approach, it is proposed that human social cognition evaluates and reacts to agents/groups in a social system on the basis of the perceived strengths and significant contributions they bring to the system (upward forces; e.g., skills, resources, willingness) and the perceived weaknesses that may harm the system (downward forces; e.g., use of social benefits, dependence). While the perception of upward forces for the system (i.e., vital forces) is accompanied by acceptance (positive attitudes and behaviors), the perception of downward forces (i.e., burdens on the system) promotes rejection (negative attitudes and behaviors). The combination of the two indicators predicts that low vital forces/high burden targets will be the most rejected and high vital forces/low burden targets will be the most accepted. The high burden/high vital forces and low vital forces/low burden targets should be evaluated at an intermediate level between the other two. This naive calculation of the forces exerted by agents/groups in a social system is moderated by various variables (scarcity of economic resources, values) and responds to a functional attempt to regulate individual and collective interests, themselves dependent on the efficiency of given systems. Finally, the relationship of the SUBAR model to other relevant theories will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new theoretical model to explain the acceptance/rejection of agents (co-workers) and various social groups (people with mental disorders or disabilities, the elderly, the unemployed/poor, ethnic minorities) in a given social system: the social utility-based acceptance/rejection (SUBAR) Model. Based on a social utility approach, it is proposed that human social cognition evaluates and reacts to agents/groups in a social system on the basis of the perceived strengths and significant contributions they bring to the system (upward forces; e.g., skills, resources, willingness) and the perceived weaknesses that may harm the system (downward forces; e.g., use of social benefits, dependence). While the perception of upward forces for the system (i.e., vital forces) is accompanied by acceptance (positive attitudes and behaviors), the perception of downward forces (i.e., burdens on the system) promotes rejection (negative attitudes and behaviors). The combination of the two indicators predicts that low vital forces/high burden targets will be the most rejected and high vital forces/low burden targets will be the most accepted. The high burden/high vital forces and low vital forces/low burden targets should be evaluated at an intermediate level between the other two. This naive calculation of the forces exerted by agents/groups in a social system is moderated by various variables (scarcity of economic resources, values) and responds to a functional attempt to regulate individual and collective interests, themselves dependent on the efficiency of given systems. Finally, the relationship of the SUBAR model to other relevant theories will also be discussed.

Secrets are prominent in close relationships. Most research has examined people's general tendencies to share secrets or single instances of secret-keeping or secret-sharing. These methods limit what we know about how keeping and sharing secrets across time in established close relationships is associated with important relationship characteristics. This research focused on the role that secret exchanges play in how people assess relational closeness and social utility (i.e., being a valuable social connection) in friendships. Across 10 weeks, participants (N = 126) reported bi-weekly on sharing and receiving personal and secondhand secrets (i.e., third-party secrets) with three friends. We found that sharing and receiving more personal secrets were robustly associated with higher closeness and social utility. The findings on secondhand secret-sharing were more complex, suggesting that receiving secondhand secrets from friends and sharing secondhand secrets with friends were differentially associated with closeness and social utility when comparing short-term versus cumulative effects. Results are discussed in terms of how secret- sharing behaviors are dynamically associated with close relationship qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The described model of economic growth under conditions of an epidemic does not directly refer to the social and economic situation in the years 2020 and 2021, i.e. to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is aimed to identify the consequences of any epidemic leading to severe social losses (high percentages of the infected and dead, limited interpersonal contacts as a result of lockdown, a lowered level of general individual and social well-being) and economic losses (a fall in production as a result of the collapse of aggregate demand and a reduction in the supply capacity of the economy, and consequently a decreased rate of capital accumulation). The described epidemiological-economic model combines the SIR epidemiological model from 1927 (with its modification proposed in 2020 by Bärwolff) and the neoclassical growth model proposed by Solow in 1956. The authors expanded the concept by lockdown restrictions with various levels of their severity, considering specific rules for their implementation, and by guidelines for scenario analyses of changes in the value of social and economic activity index, in the value of aggregate production, in the capital stock accumulated in the economy and in social utility. The effect of an epidemic on mediumterm economic growth was also considered, for various levels of economic development (measured by the distance of input capital stock from that formed in a long-term equilibrium in the Solow model). The principal conclusions drawn from the discussion are listed below. First, the introduction of the same restrictions imposed on social and economic activity throughout the territory of a country poses a considerable risk of error in assuming a uniform spread of the epidemic. Second, a rapid introduction of lockdown measures has a stronger effect on accumulated social and economic activity than a continual process of gradual imposing and lifting restrictions on that activity. Third, a scenario of a rapidly imposed severe lockdown has the most drastic consequences for the economy, causing both the sharpest drop in production, the longest time of remaining on the path of relatively lowest growth, and the most dramatic expected accumulated decrease in production. Similar conclusions are drawn as to the changes in social utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: How people attach value to the outcomes of self and other—social preferences—is central to social behavior. Recently, how dispositional and state emotion shape such social preferences has received researchers' attention.Method: The present investigation asked whether and to what extent dispositional and state compassion predict shifts in social preferences across 4 samples: two correlational samples (final ns 153 & 368, study 1a and 1b) and two experimental samples (final ns: 430 & 530, studies 2 and 3).Results: In keeping with recent accounts of compassion, dispositional compassion predicted general preference for equality, expressed as dispreference for both monetary advantage over another (interaction βs = −0.36, −0.33, −0.25, −0.22; all p < 0.001) and monetary disadvantage relative to others (βs: 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.17; all p < 0.01; positive coefficients imply dispreference). This dispositional effect persisted when controlling for prosociality, positivity, agreeableness, and respectfulness. Furthermore, these dispositional compassion effects were relatively unchanged by experimental emotion inductions in studies 3 and 4. The experimental inductions of state compassion and state pride showed little evidence of systematic effects on social preferences relative to each other or a neutral condition.Discussion: Discussion focused on individual differences in emotion and social preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine how social and solidarity economy organizations (SSEOs) generate value for female participants and their community. Our theoretical framework pairs a social utility framework with the capability approach, integrating the perspective of feminist economists to capture value of various types. SSEOs can adopt dimensions of social utility in their activities, including solidarity, identity, sustainable economic development, citizenship, and self-governance. Our study connects these dimensions with value, framed by the capability approach. Findings rely on interviews with participants of Projeto ELAS, a program that promotes socio-productive inclusion of low-income mothers. Participants strengthened their ability to aspire, engage with their community, persevere, feel self-efficacious, and be financially sustained through a process of social interaction, positive identity, and financial growth. Our findings highlight the importance of relational processes within SSEOs and open avenues for research that uses a social utility framework to analyze social value and territorial impact by SSEOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers' job satisfaction with their profession can vary depending on a variety of factors encompassing both individual and societal realms. This study delves into teachers' job satisfaction with their profession within the context of Türkiye, focusing on societal-level variables. Specifically, it explores the role of social utility, and perceptions of value and educational policy influence on teachers' job satisfaction with their profession. Teacher level data collected across Türkiye by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) within the scope of the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018 cycle was utilized in the research. The results of the regression analysis revealed that teacher perceptions of social utility and educational policy influence positively predict teachers' job satisfaction with their profession. The regression model accounted for about 13% of the total variance in teachers' job satisfaction with their profession. Overall, teachers who believe that their work is valued and meaningful to society are more satisfied with their profession, as are the professional satisfaction of participants who feel that their opinions on educational policies are heard and acknowledged. Thus, it is critical for teachers' job satisfaction to value and consider their opinions and feedback in the development of education policies. This research suggests that by acknowledging the importance of teachers' perspectives and involving them actively in policy making processes, their overall job satisfaction can be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As society faces a range of pressing issues including climate change, social inequality, and economic instability, organizations known as social enterprises are emerging to address these challenges. These organizations not only aim to generate profits but also to create positive economic, environmental, individual, community and social values. A local example, Fixers' Club (Onaranlar Kulübü), aims to increase dialogue between the city, the environment, and the people through placemaking projects in Turkey. However, unlike many urban place-making social initiatives and organizations, the club has assertive flexibility regarding actors and roles in their projects - which makes them peculiar. In this light, this paper aims to explore and understand dynamics, actors and roles in various scaled social utility urban place-making. To achieve this we focus on three cases by Fixers' Club. As a result, it is seen that the number of actors and their roles varies significantly according to the scale of the projects which indicates the club's flexible approach. Also, even though the core team carries out the preparation phases of the projects, actors in the design and implementation phases are mostly outsiders with various expertises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recherche et Cas en Sciences de Gestion is the property of EMS Editions - In Quarto SARL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using a simulated negotiation, we test how negotiators' decision frames (gain vs loss) influence their social utilities. Recognizing that utilities are shaped by both economic and social concerns, we measure four attributes of negotiator satisfaction: satisfaction with own economic outcomes, satisfaction with self, other's satisfaction with outcome, and other's willingness to negotiate in the future. Drawing on Prospect Theory and modifications of Prospect Theory, we tested whether decision frames showed the same relationship between outcomes and satisfaction on all measures of satisfaction, or whether this relationship was context-sensitive. Our first set of models, which used individual outcomes and outcome differences to predict satisfaction, demonstrated that the relationship between decision frames and satisfaction is context sensitive. Across the four attributes of satisfaction, gain-framed negotiators were more sensitive to equity and advantageous inequity than loss-framed negotiators whereas loss-framed negotiators were more sensitive to disadvantageous inequity than gain-framed negotiators. Our second set of models, which predicted satisfaction from individual and joint outcomes showed that, across all attributes of satisfaction, loss-framed negotiators were more sensitive to changes in joint outcomes than gain-framed negotiators. Finally, we showed that negotiators maximized their outcomes when they engaged in moderate levels of competition (offers, positional arguments). For gain-framed negotiators, an improvement in outcomes was associated with a reduction in competitiveness whereas for loss-framed negotiators an improvement in outcomes was associated with an increase in competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

by going through a selection of results of two participatory studies (La Galère and Le Triptyque) carried out in services and establishments for people with mental disabilities in sheltered housing and in the community, we question the educational relationship as a place of professionalization of social workers via the hybridization of the expertise of all the actors in the social intervention. Indeed, while the recently published guidance material (Piveteau Report, HCTS Green Paper, 2022) emphasizes the recognition and valorization of user expertise in the initial and continuous training of social workers, our research shows that the educational relationship is further structured by the hybridization of user, domestic, professional, and finally scientific expertise. This reveals a promising andragogy for social intervention that has been little studied until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new and prevailing Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic is an extremely contagious virus. Scientific research has gone far in the study and treatment of the virus. One of the things known about it at present is that its spread depends on social contact. In this paper, I consider the challenge that allocation of scarce medical resources poses in the fight against COVID-19. Millions have been infected, just as the number of diseased also runs in thousands. The allocation of scarce medical resources during the COVID-19 pandemic regime poses a challenge to healthcare providers. In attempting to save the lives of COVID-19 patients, how should we allocate ventilators or vaccines? Since ventilators, or as at present vaccines, are scarce compared to the number of patients that need it for survival, who should get one? To address this challenge, healthcare providers often resort to triage, especially in Emergency Departments (EDs) and intensive care units (ICUs). In this paper, I discuss the possibilities, limits, and complexities associated with the principle of triage in the distribution of scarce medical resources in the treatment and attempt to save the lives of COVID-19 patients. I contend that triage as a principle of distribution of scarce health resources fails in the distribution of scarce life-saving resources to COVID-19 patients. I aim to show that the triage protocol approach fails in terms of clinical and non-clinical evidence as well as regarding procedural issues associated with its application.

Background: Reporting delinquency as an important and effective moral behavior can be influenced by the moral values ​​that govern the organization and personality traits of individuals. Therefore, given the importance of the role of reporting in identifying and preventing organizational delinquency, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the factors that affect it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of self-control and social desirability on the ethical reporting of banking delinquency of bank employees, with emphasis on demographic characteristics. Method: This descriptive-survey study was conducted and its sample size consisted of 306 employees of public and private bank branches. The research variables were measured using standard questionnaires and finally structural equations, confirmatory factor analysis method and PLS software were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. Results: The findings indicate that the effect of self-control and social desirability on the ethical reporting of banking delinquency is confirmed. Social desirability also affects the relationship between self-control and ethical reporting of banking delinquency. On the other hand, work experience, type of job position and gender of employees have a direct impact on the ethical reporting of banking delinquency. Conclusion: The results of the study show that people with higher self-control, seek more social desirability and are more inclined to report delinquency. It also seems that bank employees, in proportion to job promotion and increasing work experience, better understand the value of reporting delinquency and with a greater sense of commitment, try to identify and report violations in order to improve the position of the bank. Therefore, by formulating ethical guidelines, incentive policies and accountability, positive personality traits (self-control and social desirability) and inherent reporting motivations of bank employees can be strengthened.

The new and prevailing Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic is an extremely contagious virus. Scientific research has gone far in the study and treatment of the virus. One of the things known about it at present is that its spread depends on social contact. In this paper, I consider the challenge that allocation of scarce medical resources poses in the fight against COVID-19. Millions have been infected, just as the number of diseased also runs in thousands. The allocation of scarce medical resources during the COVID-19 pandemic regime poses a challenge to healthcare providers. In attempting to save the lives of COVID-19 patients, how should we allocate ventilators or vaccines? Since ventilators, or as at present vaccines, are scarce compared to the number of patients that need it for survival, who should get one? To address this challenge, healthcare providers often resort to triage, especially in Emergency Departments (EDs) and intensive care units (ICUs). In this paper, I discuss the possibilities, limits, and complexities associated with the principle of triage in the distribution of scarce medical resources in the treatment and attempt to save the lives of COVID-19 patients. I contend that triage as a principle of distribution of scarce health resources fails in the distribution of scarce life-saving resources to COVID-19 patients. I aim to show that the triage protocol approach fails in terms of clinical and non-clinical evidence as well as regarding procedural issues associated with its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of urban congestion requires policy-makers to adopt different congestion control measures that suit the characteristics of the city at the proper time. The paper focuses on the most controversial congestion pricing and offers methods to judge the efficacy of the policy by game theoretic approaches. It is found that congestion pricing is not merely a Pigouvian tax that internalizes drivers’ externalities, but also a powerful means to enhance public traffic proportion and balance road utilization on the premise of maximized social util-ity. Meanwhile, the embedded multiple case study shows that theoretical correctness of the policy is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for its effectiveness because the valid operation of the policy further requires cities to hold certain attributes in some aspects, such as econom-ic level, population density, proper pricing mechanism, and the ability to limit access to and from certain areas. Moreover, the authority should pay attention to matching the policy goal and its functions for successful implementation.

Geography is certainly a discipline little loved by the public, even though the spatial dimension of societies is an element of fundamental importance in people’s life. This contribution aims to show how this spatial dimension is omnipresent in the daily life of people, societies and territories and tries to illustrate the specific approach of social geography in analyzing these phenomena. We will focus primarily on the manifestations of daily life that can be read with the gaze of social geography. We will then refer to the perspective of this discipline and we will go through its different levels of analysis, to finally arrive at outlining the most used methodologies and tools for conducting studies and research.

The quest for the restitution of cultural property has not been an easy endeavour. Despite the availability of multiple legal regimes securing various channels for the restitution of cultural property, improvement has been quite sluggish. This article argues that the debacle to the restitution process lies in the simultaneous operation of two diametrically opposed conceptions of cultural property- the nationalist and internationalist schools of thought. The 1954 Hague Convention sees cultural property as the cultural heritage of all mankind whilst the 1970 Convention takes the view that it is the cultural heritage designated by each country. These two approaches have been used to characterise nations theoretically in the international arena into source nations with nationalistic interests and market nations with international concerns. The conflict between both conceptions of cultural property becomes evident where the nationalists seek to employ legal and extra-legal means to protect their cultural heritage and facilitate their return and restitution; whereas, internationalists sabotage these efforts on the ground that cultural heritage is the common heritage of mankind thereby contradicting the notion of return. This article finds that although both schools of thought have divergent propositions, they nonetheless share a common theoretical underpinning- utilitarianism, which validates their respective ideologies. Since utilitarianism supports the maximisation of the overall happiness of a collective group, nationalists can predicate the protection of their cultural heritage on the need to secure this happiness just like the internationalists. This article, therefore, seeks to examine if the common theoretical foundation which both schools of thought share can serve as a reconciliatory tool that bridges the gap between them towards the promotion of the interest of the international community in protecting cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial decision making process is very much affected by peer effects which mean that decisions taken by the investors are widely affected by the relation with their friends, relatives, neighbours and colleagues. In this study, independent variables such as business communication, social learning, social utility etc and dependent variable, profitability was taken for the study. Primary data is collected using questionnaire from selected respondents. T-test is applied to find out whether social learning, social utility and business communication affects profitability of a business. From this study it was found that there was strong peer influence for the successful organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volunteering is one of the oldest human social cooperation activities. Whether it is called volunteering, whether it is called charity, whether it is in the form of social involvement and active participation in the public agenda, whether it is a small-scale or extremely large-scale activity, in niche fields or in traditional fields, organized on the basis of state-sponsored programs or non-governmental institutions, over time, volunteering has represented a clear manifestation of social cohesion. This form of social cohesion can come from a psychological need that some individuals satisfy by volunteering, or from a desire for personal development, or from adherence to certain religious precepts, but regardless of the motivation, the social utility and social responsibility of volunteering have been demonstrated over time. This paper aims to analyze the psychological and religious dimension of volunteering, from the perspective of its social utility and the responsibility that volunteering involves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Zhengzhou University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Zhengzhou University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of “quality” is not static, is not absolute. It evolves along adapting to changing market and customers’ needs. The training providers’ accreditation systems are the most common approaches aimed to guarantee a pre-emptive check of minimum standards of quality in the delivery of training services. In many Member States and more and more frequently, accreditation is used as a governance tool to ensure the quality of training institutions and training programmes. Nevertheless, the impression is that often the adoption of such standards fall in a routine of bureaucracy and administrative procedures aimed to overtake the constrains of the certification/accreditation periodical checks. When this happens, “quality” is perceived by VET teachers and operators just as an overload of paperwork overlaid to current activities. In order to prove its real effectiveness, the quality of the VET provision should be analysed towards its social usefulness. The Social Utility of vocational education and training (VET) is the subject of qualitative and quantitative evaluations in many European countries. However, it is difficult to clearly estimate what lies behind this concept.

Copyright of Adult Education Discourses / Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów is the property of University of Zielona Gora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigium IRE: Ciencias Sociales y Humanas is the property of Editorial Institucion Universitaria Centros de Estudios Superiores Maria Goretti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The lion's share of research on secrecy focuses on how deciding to keep or share a secret impacts a secret‐keeper's well‐being. However, secrets always involve more than one person: the secret‐keeper and those from whom the secret is kept or shared with. Although secrets are inherently social, their consequences for people's reputations and social relationships have been relatively ignored. Secrets serve a variety of social functions, including (1) changing or maintaining one's reputation, (2) conveying social utility, and (3) establishing friendship. For example, if Beth has a secret about a past misdemeanor, she might not tell any of her friends in order to maintain her reputation as an outstanding citizen. If Beth does share this secret with her friend Amy, Amy could interpret this as a sign of trust and think that their friendship is special. However, Amy could also choose to share Beth's secret with the rest of the friend group to show that she is a useful member with access to valuable information about others. Attention to these social functions of secrets emerges from a young age, and secrets play a prominent role in human relationships throughout the lifespan. After providing an overview of what is currently known about the relational consequences of secrecy in childhood and adulthood, we discuss how social and developmental psychologists could work together to broaden our understanding of the sociality of secrets. Future steps include incorporating more dyadic and social network analyses into research on secrets and looking at similar questions across ages. This article is categorized under:Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theoretical principles of defining the characteristics and essence of social entrepreneurship as a special phenomenon are revealed in the article. The general features and features of social entrepreneurship as an innovative form of business organization are characterized. The definitions of social entrepreneurship in accordance with the practice of social management and theory and the importance of the classical form of entrepreneurship in the construction of an entrepreneurial system for solving social problems of society have been added.

In this study we investigate whether social reference systems, such as Facebook “likes” (FBLs), promote sales in social commerce, wherein adverse selection and quality uncertainty often severely damage consumer trust and impede efforts to achieve sustainable growth. We also examine the extent to which product characteristics (product uncertainty and product franchising) and deal characteristics (tipping points, discount rates, and deal durations) moderate the social selling stimulated by FBLs. On the basis of 1,327 samples collected from a major social commerce platform provider, we identify several interesting empirical regularities regarding the relationship between FBLs and social commerce sales. The findings suggest that FBLs drive traffic and increase sales. Information technology artifacts and social technologies, such as FBLs, can endow a consumer’s shopping experience with a socialization component and induce social selling in collective buying platforms. Nevertheless, significant variations occur across products and deals. For example, consumers who purchase experience goods more frequently depend on FBLs than do those who buy search goods. FBLs exert a far greater influence on the sales of goods from independent stores than those from franchise chains. Social commerce consumers are unaffected by heavy discount rates as they make purchase decisions, but they extensively rely on FBLs, particularly when purchasing products that have low tipping points. Our results suggest that social commerce can be a powerful marketplace when the economic utility that is driven by price incentives is further strengthened and protected by the social utility that originates from trust and sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Consistently in achievement goal research, pursuing performance-avoidance goals has been associated with a decrease in achievement. Less is known to what extent this effect depends on the reasons underlying these goals' endorsement. The present research uses a social value approach to assess how do performance-avoidance goals' effects on achievement depend on the reasons anchored in social utility (goal endorsed in order to succeed) and in social desirability (goal endorsed in order to please one's teachers). Based on five correlational samples meta-analyzed in Study 1, results showed that perceiving performance-avoidance goals as socially useful increased the negative effect of these goals on achievement. This moderating effect was replicated experimentally in Study 2. These findings support the relevance of studying achievement goal complexes and illustrate that performance-avoidance goals may lead to deleterious consequences even when endorsed for seemingly good reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent Ebola virus disease outbreak in Western African countries has raised questions regarding the feasibility of adopting conventional trial designs such as randomized controlled trials for conducting experimental trials in the midst of a fatal epidemic. In the context of Ebola ça Suffit trial conducted in Guinea for testing the efficacy and effectiveness of rVSV–ZEBOV, a candidate vaccine, I argue that the trial design and the methodologies adopted for the trial have been rightly chosen for their ethical appropriateness and social utilities rather than only epistemic advantages. In this paper, I propose and defend the view that in varying scientific research contexts, it is entirely legitimate that non-epistemic values may be prioritized over epistemic considerations. Two vital methodological choices scientists should make while designing a clinical trial are: (1) the choice of appropriate control group and (2) the choice of appropriate randomization. Given this background, I show that the choice of delayed vaccination arm as the control group over placebo control group and the choice of cluster randomization over individually controlled randomization for conducting Ebola ça Suffit trial are perfect instances of such a scenario where addressing social and ethical issues have been justifiably prioritized over epistemic values so that the research in a specific scientific context could be conducted in a socially relevant manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This dataset includes 204,350,000 games in normal form played by two agents that have the choice between three strategies each, as well as 100,000 games in normal form played by four agents that have the choice between three strategies each. The games are in general position, i.e., there are no ties between the outcomes for each of the agents. These are simple random samples with replacement from the associated populations of strategic games with ordinal semantics. Each game was obtained with random permutations of the payoffs. Their Nash Equilibria as well Perfectly Transparent Equilibria are pre-computed. The existence ratios of the Nash equilibrium, unique Nash equilibrium and Perfectly Transparent Equilibrium were computed from the first sample with two players, and the social utilities from the second sample with four players.

Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The role of the Social Economy (SE) in society is increasingly acknowledged by social agents and institutions, especially in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Commitment to SE requires the support of quantitative measurement of its contribution to society from an aggregate perspective. The difficulty in specifying it in quantitative terms is related to the assessment of the contribution of SE's differentiating and intrinsic values. These values contribute to the fight against some structural problems that persist in modern society in terms of unemployment, inequality, territorial imbalance, environmental problems and social exclusion that surpass the economic sphere and involve the contribution to social goals, social utility and social and territorial cohesion. Our objective is an assessment in quantitative terms, including an estimation, in monetary terms, of the specific contribution of Social Market Economy (SMkE) firms to society linked to their distinctive principles, and thus their behaviour, in comparison to traditional profit-oriented firms, used as a control group. We use impact analysis techniques, with a simulation exercise, by which SMkE entities "lose" their identity and behave like profit-oriented firms. The results obtained for Spain confirm the existence of differential behaviour that generates social value in several ways. In monetary terms, in 2017, SMkEs contributed 6,229 million Euros in benefits to Spanish society that would have been lost if SMkE entities had behaved like profit-oriented firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a high-stakes field experiment conducted in partnership with a large financial brokerage in Brazil, we attempt to disentangle channels through which a person's financial decisions affect his peers'. When someone purchases an asset, his peers may want to purchase it as well, both because they learn from his choice (“social learning") and because his possession of the asset affects others' utility of owning the same asset (“social utility"). We randomize whether one member of a peer pair is allowed to possess an asset that he chose to purchase. Then, we randomize whether the second member of the pair 1) receives no information about the first member, or 2) is informed of the first member's desire to own the assetandthe result of the randomization that determined possession. This allows us to estimate the effects of (a) learning plus possession, and (b) learning alone, relative to a control group, allowing us to separately identify effects of the “social learning" and “social utility" channels. In the control (no information) group, 42% of individuals purchased the asset; this increases to 71% in the “social learning only" group; and, it increases to 93% in the “social learning and social utility" group. We find thatboth“social learning" and “social utility" channels are quantitatively important, and have independent, statistically significant effects on the decision to purchase the asset.

This article presents and evaluates arguments supporting that an approval procedure for genome-edited organisms for food or feed should include a broad assessment of societal, ethical and environmental concerns; so-called non-safety assessment. The core of analysis is the requirement of the Norwegian Gene Technology Act that the sustainability, ethical and societal impacts of a genetically modified organism should be assessed prior to regulatory approval of the novel products. The article gives an overview how this requirement has been implemented in the regulatory practice, demonstrating that such assessment is feasible and justified. Even in situations where genome-edited organisms are considered comparable to non-modified organisms in terms of risk, the technology may have—in addition to social benefits—negative impacts that warrant assessments of the kind required in the Act. The main reason is the disruptive character of the genome editing technologies due to their potential for novel, ground-breaking solutions in agriculture and aquaculture combined with the economic framework shaped by the patent system. Food is fundamental for a good life, biologically and culturally, which warrants stricter assessment procedures than what is required for other industries, at least in countries like Norway with a strong tradition for national control over agricultural markets and breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La pharmacie française a fait face à une situation inédite, celle de l'épidémie de Covid-19, qui l'a obligée à adapter son fonctionnement pour assurer, dans les meilleures conditions de sécurité, la continuité de l'offre de soins dans les territoires. L'avenir est incertain, mais de profonds changements vont durablement s'imposer dans notre activité. Il faudra panser les stigmates de cette crise, tout en étant partie prenante d'une refonte sociétale que nous pouvons appeler de nos vœux. The French pharmacy was faced with an unprecedented situation, the COVID-19 epidemic, which forced it to adapt its operations to ensure, under the best possible safety conditions, the continuity of healthcare provision in the territories. The future is uncertain, but profound changes in our activity will be necessary in the long term. We will have to heal the scars of this crisis, while at the same time taking part in a societal overhaul that we can call for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay attests to the theory of Social Utility as the one that best explains the connection between community banks and citizenship. Adopting the systematic literature review as a research strategy, the analysis of 72 papers collected in virtual databases of journals and annals of events allowed reflections on several theories, among them, the theories of Social Utility and Citizenship. In the theoretical axis, the study collaborates with the joint analysis of these two theories, until then studied in isolation. In the management axis, it contributes to the effectiveness of community banking practices in offering products and services aimed at promoting citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research takes the initial steps of exploring a novel field and discusses the importance of the business mindset in the arts. Following a theoretical summary, the authors examine trends in the music industry and the expectations set for a 21st century symphony orchestra, and then focus on the operation of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, the London Symphony Orchestra, the San Francisco Symphony, the Budapest Festival Orchestra and, later, the Dohnányi Orchestra Budafok. The orchestras have similar missions, but they use different business models. The main difference between the orchestras traces back to their funding; the American orchestra functions solely on market-based funding, while in the case of European orchestras, significant public funds are present. The aforementioned orchestras have realised that in today's ever-changing world no business model is forever, and they have attempted to respond to the changing demands of consumers and utilise the opportunities given by technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Individuals and social groups in a given country may feel socially “useless” when they are not taken into account by statistics and by political policies. This leads to the questions as to what counts and does not count in a society, upon what shared values and hierarchy of values a society is grounded, what happens to those values in a time of intense transformations of the economic, social and political system? Based on a few examples related to bringing out of a kind of social invisibility those who are referred to in France as “forgotten by the Republic”, the article shows that such a situation holds several potential risks: the risk of intense social tension, the risk of self-encapsulation of individuals, the risk of encapsulation of identities, the risk of breakdown of a nation’s unity. It also involves growing difficulties in defining what is considered the common good, i.e., what counts in the eyes of all people and binds together a nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]