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This article puts forward a contemporary reflection about violence based on a finalist legal assessment of peace. For that purpose, it both distinguishes and relates these two concepts, particularly regarding their politically motivated expressions, as well as it highlights the functionality of law to achieve negative peace and the ensuing morality of positive peace. In doing so, it considers the works written on this subject by influential contemporary authors as a reference point, after which it projects a legal perspective on violence through the analysis of three dimensions of this phenomenon that rely on categories both of legal theory and legal philosophy. This paper concludes that the final motivations that bring about conflict among States, groups and individuals admit similarities among themselves when they are pushed to the maximum level of incivility and irrationality. Likewise, it states that the distinction between law and morality is used improperly by those who use violence as a method for political action because they pretend to justify their actions therein as a way to ignore or evade their being as subjects ruled by the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on and extending extant approaches like competitive victimhood, this theoretical contribution introduces a novel framework on vicarious comparative victimhood. When individuals who support others from specific disadvantaged victimized out-groups observe particular unjust treatment of those they support, as compared to other victimized out-groups, they may experience comparative victimhood vicariously. In these cases, social aides supporting discriminated others may identify violations to their firmly held moral beliefs, that is, injunctive, and, arguably to a lesser extent, descriptive antiprejudice norms of treating others equally, regardless of the others' group membership. We argue in our framework that, depending on the extent to which social aides experience comparative victimhood vicariously, they display different levels of psychological responses that may, at first sight, seem diametrically opposed like frustration or reactance. Which kind of psychological response social aides exhibit largely depends on moderators on the individual level concerning the social aides' personality and on the context level. Vicarious experiences of comparative victimhood may have severe behavioral consequences for the social aides' efforts, possibly even leading to discontinuation of their efforts in supporting others from disadvantaged victimized groups. In turn, such consequences may jeopardize societal cohesion and social peace. We outline specific testable research propositions, mainly by exemplifying this concept with references to social aides who work with and support refugees from different regions of origin, with the hopes of stimulating future empirical work on vicarious comparative victimhood. Public Significance Statement: This contribution introduces a novel theoretical framework on social aides' vicariously experienced comparative victimhood and related consequences. In particular, social aides' perceptions of the unjust treatment of members from disadvantaged victimized groups they support may have consequences for social aides themselves, the individuals they support and work with, and societal cohesion and social peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The crime of disseminating hate speech is considered amongst the most prominent crimes in this era, particularly with the rapid technological advancements witnessed globally, which have contributed to its emergence across all communities. Given its seriousness, this crime threatens societal stability and security. In a bid to foster a culture of global tolerance and encounter the various manifestations of discrimination and racism, the Emirati legislator enshrined criminal protection for individuals against discrimination and hate speech based on ethnicity, race and religion. This legal safeguard is articulated in Federal Law No. 34 of 2023 concerning Combating Discrimination, Hatred and Extremism. Moreover, the Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021, which addresses Combating Rumors and Cybercrimes, further reinforces this legal framework, specifically targeting the spread of such offences through digital channels. This addition underscores the UAE’s comprehensive approach to addressing hate speech and discrimination, acknowledging the evolving nature of these crimes in an increasingly connected world. Methods: The research aims to explore the effectiveness of Emirati law in combating discrimination and hate speech crimes through a multi-method approach, which includes a comparative dimension. Firstly, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of existing legal texts and scholarly articles to understand the broader legal context and historical perspectives on these crimes. This review extended beyond Emirati legal sources to encompass international legal standards and comparative legal analyses, allowing us to contextualise the Emirati legal framework within a global perspective. Results and Conclusions: Our study has provided a detailed examination of the complexities and challenges in addressing the crimes of disseminating and promoting discrimination and hate speech within the UAE legal framework. We have identified that these crimes are inherently complex, requiring a specific intent to provoke violence and discrimination. Our analysis reveals a gap in the current legal approach, particularly in addressing the full scope of hate crimes and the nuances of criminal intent. In light of these findings, we have proposed several critical amendments to the UAE law combating discrimination and hate speech. These include refining the definitions and scope of discrimination in Article 1, incorporating "motive for hate" as a key element in Article 4, revising Article 10 to focus on general criminal intention, and enhancing penalties in Article 16 when foreign financial support is involved. These recommendations aim to strengthen the legal framework, making it more comprehensive and effective in combating discrimination and hate speech, thereby safeguarding social security and human rights. This research contributes significantly to understanding hate speech and discrimination crimes in the UAE and offers practical solutions for legal reform. It underscores the need for continuous evaluation and adaptation of laws to address evolving social challenges effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the theoretical framework of I.A Richards’ New Criticism, the researcher reveals the covert realities of society and the social treatment towards prostitutes through the plot of Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s movie “Gangubai (2022)”. The researcher, by depicting verbal irony in conversations, signifies the character’s delineation, social critique, and narrative subversion in the movie. These conversational moments are taken as the primary context for the research analysis which follows the qualitative research methodology. It decodes the social conditioning of prostitutes, labeled untouchables and unacceptable, by evaluating the pretentious morality of well-reputed patriarchy and socially accepted against fairgrounds of true morality. It also signifies the truth of political power dynamics by revealing the influencing capabilities of prostitutes. Thus, any fair and moral individual, capable of social guardianship should be given the responsibility of society for prosperity, moral and social peace irrespective of any pathetic conditioned codification. Other practical principles of New Criticism including formal analysis, attentive reading, and attention to textual ambiguity are also implemented by the researcher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite all the efforts made by the state as it has the right to impose punishment and fight crime, the phenomenon of crime is constantly increasing, in addition to the increase and accumulation of cases related to it before the penal judicial authorities, which has led to the emergence of a stifling crisis known as “the criminal justice crisis” due to excessive asylum to criminalization and focus on punitive policy, which called for searching for alternatives to public action as a means of rationalizing criminal policy and moving towards a new concept of justice from punitive deterrent justice to consensual restorative justice to resolve disputes. Perhaps penal mediation is the alternative that responds to these requirements, as it is considered one of the new mechanisms for resolving penal disputes, which was approved by the Algerian legislator under Ordinance 15-02 amending and supplementing the Code of Penal Procedure as a legal system in response to the need to adopt a contemporary criminal policy based on reconciliation between members of society and promoting social peace. Accordingly, the problem posed in this research is as follows: How did the legislator organize the mediation system in penal matters? How effective is this mechanism in achieving restorative justice?

The crime of spreading and promoting speech of discrimination and incitement to hatred is one of the most severe crimes witnessed in this era, especially after the current technical explosion, which helped the rise of this crime to the surface in a large and influential way in all societies. Due to the severity of this crime, it has become a threat to security, societal stability and social peace, as it is practiced by individuals, as it affects the humanity and dignity of the human being. Therefore, the Emirati legislator established a special punitive penalty to criminalize the acts described as the crime of spreading and promoting speech of discrimination and incitement to hatred and set the penalty for them, as well as The UAE has put in place legal and societal mechanisms to effectively prevent and combat it. The study reached a number of results and recommendations, the most important of which are: adding the text of Article (1) of the Law on Combating Discrimination and Hate of the United Arab Emirates, in accordance with the latest amendments to Federal Decree-Law No. 11 of 2019 the phrase (discrimination that would lead to the derogation, restriction or robbery of basic rights and freedoms of individuals), and the text is in the form Discrimination: Any distinction, restriction, exclusion or preference among individuals or groups on the basis of religion, creed, creed, creed, sect, race, color or ethnic origin, a discrimination that would lead to a breach of the principle of equality in basic rights and freedoms of individuals or in General costs and duties. The study also recommended adding a text in the text of Article (4) of the Law on Combating Discrimination and Hate of the United Arab Emirates, in accordance with the latest amendments to Federal Decree-Law No. 11 of 2019 the phrase "the motivator of hatred" so that the motivator of hatred is included in the elements of criminalization, and the scope of application of each of the law becomes clear. Combating discrimination, hatred and the penal code in relation to crimes related to religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to enhance the culture of social peace and seize the spread of violence and conflict in in Islamic societies and to achieve the civilizational landmarks and the firm doctrinal and cultural principles of the nation. The research consists of an introduction and two topics and three requirements for each topic. The first topic: is an introduce the concept of faith, its importance, its relationship with the society and the requirements to achieve it. The second topic: deals with the concept of social peace, its importance, its necessity and the impact of faith. The research's close centers on the magnificent position of faith and its great impact on achieving social peace. Also, it calls governments and organizations enhance the culture of social peace among the individuals, groups and societies. The researcher recommends that religion, faith, love and brotherhood must be preserved and enhanced among the members of the society because they will cut off all forms of suspicion when they are fully applied in reality, finding scientific institutions that control keep walking on this track and spread a culture of social peace, and find effective solutions problems of violence and making societal cohesion against the dangers that threaten social peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of this study is the concept of Yonisomanasikāra ‘Proper Attention’ as a Buddhist way to social peace. There are three objectives, namely: - 1) To study the concept of “Yonisomanasikāra (Proper attention)” in Buddhist canonical texts and other related contexts, 2) To examine the Theravāda Buddhist perspective on the cause of social conflict and way to prevent conflict, and 3) To apply Yonisomanasikāra ‘Proper Attention’ as a Buddhist way to social peace. Research methodology will be methods and theory used in the field of peace studies, specifically religion and peace. The results show that the Concept of Yonisomanasikāra can be described as thinking in terms of causal relationships, such as the consequences of one’s thoughts and actions, or exploration of the conditioned nature of phenomena which will lead to the development of insight or wisdom. Yonisomanasikāra was instrumental in arousing the wisdom that led to realization; and that Greed (Lobha) is also one of the causes of social conflict. Non-Greed (Alobha) is the way to prevent that greed (Lobha). Anger (Dosa) is one of the causes of social conflict. Loving-kindness (Adosa) is the way to prevent that anger (Dosa). Ignorance (Moha) is one of the causes of social conflict. Wisdom (Amoha) is the way to prevent that ignorance (Moha). Social peace is a way of sustaining social life distant from internal conflict. It is one of the objectives of social politics, which offer peaceful solutions to the disputes and conflicts that may arise from disagreements and social tensions among national and international various sectors of society. Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. This study is significant because of: 1) Knowing about the concept of Yonisomanasikāra (Proper Attention) in Theravāda Buddhism, 2) Clearly understanding the cause of social conflict and way to prevent conflict, and 3) Realization of the application of Yonisomanasikāra ‘Proper Attention’ as a Buddhist way to social peace.

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The article examines the role of politics and ideology in post-Cold War imperialism, focusing on the current conflict between Russia, Ukraine, the United States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the European Union. The article argues that primary causes are not economic but primarily political and ideological. While there are clear raisons d'etat that explain all sides' decisions, the article claims that there is a contradiction between the raisons d'etat and an objectively rational assessment of the stated goals and the actors' ability to attain them. The article concludes that while the Marxist understanding of imperialism includes a focus on both its political and economic dynamics, they can sometimes over-emphasize the economic and objective rationality of political decisions. The current conflict in Ukraine, the article will argue, is a paradigm example of raisons d'etat becoming unhinged from objectively rational strategies and economically rational capitalist motives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This research comes under the title (The Role of New Media in Promoting Societal Peace in Anbar Governorate - A Study on the Public in Ramadi). The main aim of this research is to identify the role that the new media plays in promoting societal peace in Anbar Governorate. My agencies: 1-. Identify the highest role that the new media plays in promoting societal peace in Anbar. 2- Investigate the most follow-up sites from the governorate’s audience.3 3-Disclosure of the best contents about societal peace, to be followed by the public The researcher relies on the survey method using the questionnaire tool to reach the results, and the research community was represented by the public of Anbar Governorate. As for his sample, it is from the city of Ramadi, the center of Anbar Governorate, and it reaches (250) respondents, and the research reaches the following results:1 1-Most of the respondents' answers indicated that the lack of a unified media discourse towards building a society with positive values among the negatives in the new media 2- The results also proved that presenting ideas and opinions that stimulate a sense of true citizenship comes at the forefront of methods that have an impact on societal peace.

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This research which title is: (the Problem of Misunderstanding the Prophet’s sayings of the promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice and its Negative Impact on Civil Peace) discusses a very important issue; the relationship between the promotion of virtue and the prevention of vice on the subject of civil peace, especially the negative side, which may result from some misunderstanding of Preachers regarding this great rite, and applying it away from the standards, controls and ethics developed by the wise legislator. In this research, the researcher has embarked on a method combining the inductive, deductive and analytic approach, as the reader will see. The reach revealed important results such as: The relationship between the promotion of virtue and the prevention of vice and civil peace is a related relationship. The first is the safety valve and the second is related to it whether existing or not. Some of the preachers to Allah may have some confusion in understanding some of the sayings (Hadiths) ofpromotion of virtue and prevention of evil. This results in the wrong application of the promotion and the prevention, which causes the disturbance of the community’s security and its civil peace. There are many parties from which this misunderstanding is received. It varies according to time, place and preachers. Some of these misunderstandings come fromthe misrepresentation of the nature of virtue and vice and the imbalance of the standards that measure both of them, or the conflict of competencies between the preachers and the volunteers, or the jurisprudential adaptation of the issue. Some of misunderstandings resulted due to the non-commitment of the provisions of virtue promotion and vice prevention and the methods and ethics that Allah set At the end of his research, the researcher recommended the preachers to Allah and those who enjoin virtue and forbidvice to take care of everything that would achieve the supreme goal of enjoining virtue and forbidding evil. It is a safety valve and a guarantee for the security of the society and its civil peace through studying the rules of religion andabiding by the laws of enjoining good and forbidding evil and its legal ethics, especially through following the method of calling to Allah with wisdom and good adviceaway from arrogance and fanaticism or any thing that would undermine the pillars of civil peace of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"To maintain and enhance social peace and mutual interaction among people it is mandatory to resolve their mutual conflicts. The eradication of mutual conflicts and working for reconciliation is obligatory on the Muslims. Al-mighty Allah has declared reconciliation and resolution of conflicts among all the Muslims as legitimate action. There are numerous verses of the Holy Quran and Hadith of the Prophet where Muslims have been ordered for reconciliation aiming to promote brotherhood and peace in society. The main rationale behind this is to bring harmony and peace in the social order of life. What are the pre-requisites of reconciliation from Sharia’s perspective, in which conflict reconciliation is permissible and in which cases it is not allowed. This study emphasizes to answer the above mentioned question. Furthermore, efforts have been made to provide a sharia’s foundation for those who are involved in the process of reconciliation in the form of Taḥkīm. This will not only encourage them, but will help in the maintenance of peace in the society. Similarly, a comparison will also be made between the merits and demerits of Pakhtūn’s traditional reconciliation process, and important suggestions will be made to make the Pakhtūn’s traditional reconciliation process more productive and valuable"

The main point of this study is to discuss how to spread the understanding of fiction of "the diversities are our value" and another point is the way in which will spread to all areas of society. The other point is about administration system. The administration system needs to operate effectively but there is a problem and it needs to be discussed how to take shape the administration system for operating it effectively. Thanks to this conception, the diversities will be able to transform a means of integration instead of being a component of disintegration. At the same time, as a result of governing the differences ably, idealized social peace will be provided. The main aim of this study is to redefine the phenomenon of managing of social diversities by using the fiction of "the diversities are our value" which seems to be perceived as an ideal. To that end, in this study, ensuring social peace within the scope of the activities which is undertaken on behalf of the phenomenon of managing of social diversities will be highlighted what have to be done to govern the diversities without ignoring by means of state and non-governmental organization. The expected outcome of this study is to highlight to find ways for living together in the context of state and non-governmental organization, population of Turkey in which lives together without ignoring the diversities of religion, different language which is spoken and different cultures in which lived in a geography such as Turkey, instead of being stereotyped the whole society, have to be accepted as a value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how the Burkinabe state's judicial services resolve local conflict settlements in the Tenkodogo district in eastern Burkina Faso. It is based on an ethnographic work carried out between December 2014 and December 2015 in conjunction with doctoral research. The precarious material conditions due to the weak presence of the State in this peripheral area and the local cultural and political environment marked by crises within the chieftaincy have shaped the conflict settlements by the local administration. In search of social peace, which remains the ultimate goal, the local state agents resort to pragmatic and sensible procedures to cope with the demand for social regulation expressed by the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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It is inherent to Social policy answering to a polymorph, complex and growing set of social problems, whose typical uncertainty responds to the moral imperative of mediation between Economics and Politics. Also it responds to the fact that the “social question”, originally “labor question”, changes throughout history. Thus we find of great interest to study systematically the Spanish authors of social policy. We have reviewed the common origin of social policy and labor law to describe the transformation of the first one, exemplified in the work of Marcelo Catalá, Professor of Social School of Madrid. We have observed in it the transformation from the labor to the political, and the overflowing of the social policy classical course.

Türk devlet geleneği, devletin bekası ve milletin refahını temin esası üzerine kuruludur. Bu esas ise adalet kavramı ile özdeştir. Türkler adalet kavramını sosyal hayatın ve bütün kurumların vazgeçilmez ögesi haline getirmişler ve bu özellikleri ile tanınmışlardır. Türk milletinin hukuk düzeni töre adı verilen kanunlarla belirlenmiştir. Türk örf ve adetleri İslam esasları ile birleşerek, Trükün kainata bakış açısını zenginleştirmiştir. Bu anlayış toplum hayatına da aktarılmıştır. Makalede bu düşünceyi destekleyecek çeşitli argümanlar sunulmaktadır.

This research which title is: (the Problem of Misunderstanding the Prophet’s sayings of the promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice and its Negative Impact on Civil Peace) discusses a very important issue; the relationship between the promotion of virtue and the prevention of vice on the subject of civil peace, especially the negative side, which may result from some misunderstanding of Preachers regarding this great rite, and applying it away from the standards, controls and ethics developed by the wise legislator. In this research, the researcher has embarked on a method combining the inductive, deductive and analytic approach, as the reader will see. The reach revealed important results such as: The relationship between the promotion of virtue and the prevention of vice and civil peace is a related relationship. The first is the safety valve and the second is related to it whether existing or not. Some of the preachers to Allah may have some confusion in understanding some of the sayings (Hadiths) ofpromotion of virtue and prevention of evil. This results in the wrong application of the promotion and the prevention, which causes the disturbance of the community’s security and its civil peace. There are many parties from which this misunderstanding is received. It varies according to time, place and preachers. Some of these misunderstandings come fromthe misrepresentation of the nature of virtue and vice and the imbalance of the standards that measure both of them, or the conflict of competencies between the preachers and the volunteers, or the jurisprudential adaptation of the issue. Some of misunderstandings resulted due to the non-commitment of the provisions of virtue promotion and vice prevention and the methods and ethics that Allah set At the end of his research, the researcher recommended the preachers to Allah and those who enjoin virtue and forbidvice to take care of everything that would achieve the supreme goal of enjoining virtue and forbidding evil. It is a safety valve and a guarantee for the security of the society and its civil peace through studying the rules of religion andabiding by the laws of enjoining good and forbidding evil and its legal ethics, especially through following the method of calling to Allah with wisdom and good adviceaway from arrogance and fanaticism or any thing that would undermine the pillars of civil peace of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In September 2018 it will have been thirteen years since the referendum on the reconciliation plan in Algeria. This paper considers the details and achievements of the plan by investigation of the concept and objectives of national reconciliation and the historical framework of the Algerian crisis, critiquing the plan in order to establish new horizons for reconciliation. It examines the historical context of Algeria's national reconciliation, and then the chronology of the path to national reconciliation. It then moves on to study the Algerian journey of reconciliation through a thorough reading of the draft Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation. Finally, the paper determines the extent of the advances made in establishing peace and coexistence in the Algerian homeland and also identifies some of the gaps in the reconciliation experience, and suggests ways to unlock potential achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]