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Social value is the difference between monetized social impacts and related economic investments. Stimulating positive social value is a leading concern and focus for sport event stakeholders. However, insights on this socioeconomic phenomenon have concentrated on social or economic mechanisms, not both, and are siloed to host city residents, largely overlooking nonhost city residents central to events. Thus, we integrated social and economic mechanisms to examine host city and nonhost city residents' mega sport event social value. Data from 1,880 Canadians revealed varying social values (Vancouver and Provincial = negative; Venue-City = neutral; National = positive). Applying a reverse contingent valuation method, findings confirmed the need to integrate (monetized) social and economic mechanisms to calculate social value. Testing an augmented social exchange theory model, findings highlight residents' perceptual ambivalence to social impacts and the importance of income to estimate social value. Stakeholders should effectively leverage events for social impacts and reconsider event public funding allocation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In leading strategy theories, such as industry analysis and value capture theory, maximizing bargaining power with transaction partners is a critical driver of profitability. However, in recent years a new business model has emerged that contradicts this fundamental precept: With pay-what-you-want (PWYW) pricing, a seller allows a buyer to name any nonnegative price, even zero, for the seller's product or service, and yet, enough buyers make voluntary positive payments, and of sufficient magnitude, that the seller may earn a substantial profit. Motivated by this development, we posit a theory of how value creation and value capture—though generally treated as distinct processes in strategy theory—are in fact strongly connected through the sociopsychological framing of a transaction: If a transaction is framed as a social exchange between the buyer and seller, the seller may capture more value with PWYW than if the seller posts a price or haggles with the buyer over terms in a market-based exchange. Our theory not only offers testable predictions about the conditions determining when PWYW will be successful but also extends strategy theory to consider social exchange as a mechanism for creating and capturing value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While engagement has enjoyed an abundance of academic and practitioner attention recently, few studies have examined engagement from the perspective of end users utilizing products and brands at work. In acknowledgement of the important role end users play in B2B sales and service ecosystems, the current study applies both social exchange and social identity theories to illuminate the process through which B2B end user engagement develops. By using scenarios with random assignment – an under-utilized approach in sales research – our results suggest that the perceived interactivity of supplier firm activities moderates the relationship between cognitive engagement and behaviors such that it nudges end users toward proactively advocating for the supplier firm brand. Moreover, the supplier firm activity is even more effective when a salesperson personally introduces the initiative to end users. Hence, with intentional and interactive connection, salespeople can influence end user engagement behaviors and add value to the sales process, a key insight for supplier firms. Finally, we explore two key drivers of end user engagement: end user work identity and need to belong. A better understanding of how and why end user engagement and subsequent behaviors develop will help salespeople connect more effectively with end users and ultimately drive more sales. These contributions meaningfully increase our understanding regarding contextual influences of end user engagement within the B2B sales arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the complex relationship between residents and national parks in a top nature-based destination, Poland's Tatra and Podhale region. Utilizing a door-to-door survey of 511 respondents from 26 towns around Tatra National Park (TNP), the research employs two-step structural equation modeling and fsQCA to analyze how place attachment and preferences for nature protection strategies interact. Contrary to the widely held view that tourism development positively influences attitudes toward national parks, we found tourism growth in the communities surrounding TNP impacts how these communities relate to the protected area. The study concludes that for TNP to gain broader community support, it is crucial to convey to residents their essential role as a tourism asset. This finding has wider implications for how national parks and adjacent communities can coexist harmoniously in areas experiencing rapid tourism expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the profound impact of Ludwig von Mises's Human Action, emphasizing its significance as a major work in economics comparable to eighteenth-century philosophical classics. Topics include Mises's contributions to technical economics, his influence on the revival of the Austrian school and Cold War intellectual movements, and his role in advancing property rights economics, law and economics, and Public Choice economics.

Coming into relations involves exiting a state of indecision and deciding whether to relate or not. Little research has focused on these initial moments, the communications involved, and the making of a relational decision. We study this process using 947 speed dating encounters, their minute-by-minute communications, and the reported timing of relational decisions. We show that certain forms of communication reveal an actor's relational state of being undecided, desiring a relation, or not desiring a relation (revealing signals). For example, indecision corresponds with indirect and ambiguous communication (negative facework); desiring a relation entails positive, excited, and entraining communication (positive facework); and not desiring a relation involves routine talk. We also show that certain forms of communication persuade persons to transition relational states, moving beyond their indecision and coming to a relational decision (persuasive signals). Interestingly, only some revealing signals are persuasive and bring about corresponding relational decisions in others. These tend to be clear signals that cannot be attributed to the situation or politeness. Last, some signals persuade relational decisions without corresponding to a relational state. These performative signals are select forms of ambiguous communication that place the speaker in an advantaged position within social exchange. • Social network dynamics often involve interpersonal communication and relational decisions. • We focus on initial meetings and the communications that reveal and persuade relational decisions. • Communications reveal individuals' intention to pursue a relation or not, or their indecision. • Communications also are a resource used to persuade others into certain relational decisions. • The signals that reveal intentions are not always the ones that persuade relational decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following increased awareness that the economic impacts alone do not justify support for tourism, studies on residents' perceptions have gained importance. Most early studies of tourism that used social exchange theory (SET) to study residents' perceptions were in advanced countries rather than African countries. This paper provides an empirical discussion of how SET can be used to explore residents' perceptions of tourism in Southeastern Nigeria to contribute to research on the topic. In-depth interviews were conducted with 208 residents. Results of this study indicated that residents' perceptions of tourism could be influenced by creating opportunities for gender equity, community development and cultural preservation, fear of copying new behaviour from tourists, and local perceptions of foreign white tourists. The study concluded that a theoretical understanding of residents' perceptions of tourism requires identifying and addressing issues that influence such perceptions, which is essential for developing the industry in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the impact of human capital investment, encompassing training, education, knowledge, and skills, on the efficiency of banks in Bangladesh. Utilizing a simple random sampling method, data is gathered from 309 respondents through a seven-point Likert scale. The analysis employs measurement modeling and structural equation modeling with the PLS-SEM approach. The findings reveal a positive association between human capital investment and bank efficiency. The study suggests that by investing in training, education, knowledge, and skills, banks can enhance their investment efficiency, recognizing the varying performance levels of employees. This implies a need for aligning human capital through strategic investments. Institutional investors utilize investment management frameworks to operationalize investment policies, where efficiency integrates risk, return, and total cost. The implications of this study provide actionable insights for managers, owners, decision-makers, and academicians, serving as a basis for policy dialogue. The research contributes to existing knowledge by shedding light on the relationship between human capital investment and investment efficiency, drawing from social exchange theory and resource-based view theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to use self-determination and social exchange theory to investigate how transformational leadership influences employees' motivation for their work behaviors, with job autonomy serving as a mediator. This study hypothesized that transformational leadership could promote employees' autonomy in performing their tasks, leading to the development of innovative work behaviors and organizational citizenship behaviors. Design/methodology/approach: Using a multilevel approach, data was collected from 409 public service employees across 39 departments. Findings: The findings indicate the significant impact of transformational leadership on shaping employees' innovative work and organizational citizenship behavior. Notably, job autonomy emerges as a pivotal mediator, facilitating the positive effects of transformational leadership by empowering employees to explore innovative tasks beyond their prescribed roles, thereby enhancing team effectiveness and employee engagement. Originality/value: This study's originality lies in its innovative use of multilevel analysis to reveal job autonomy's mediating role, offering fresh insights into promoting innovation and organizational in public service settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Against social cognitive and social exchange theories, this research paper aims to investigate the significance and interaction between perceived knowledge, involvement, trust and brand community engagement in brand communities (BC). Design/methodology/approach: BC participants (n = 503) completed a cross-sectional survey for this research. Analysis was performed using PLS-SEM via SmartPLS (v. 4.1.0.2) and the novel Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). Findings: An integrative KITE model with positive and significant relationships of key BC constructs was established. The perceived BC knowledge influenced involvement and engagement. Furthermore, the constructs of involvement and trust were discovered to have a positive and significant impact on engagement, with trust having a substantial effect on BC engagement. The indirect effects of the trust construct via the BC knowledge and BC involvement constructs were also significant. Originality/value: This research advances the existing conceptual approaches by introducing knowledge as the key BC constructs. The study illustrates that members' knowledge about a BC facilitates their involvement in the BCs. The vital role of trust is revealed in the KITE model, as it is significantly related to BC knowledge, BC involvement and BC engagement with at least medium to large effect sizes. Notably, the role of trust is enhanced as it is the only necessary must-have (instead of "should-have") condition to achieve high levels of BC engagement. Furthermore, the KITE model provides insights for marketers to develop a valuable BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The traditional Chinese culture has always emphasized the authority of leaders and their "top-down" influence over subordinates tangled with "bottom-up" management. Paternalistic leadership can both nurture and restrict growth in mega-construction projects, due to the unique consequences (i.e. positive vs negative implications) for project teams. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the impact of paternalistic leadership (PL), team members' voice (TMV) and team resilience (TR) on the mega-construction project success (MPS) in China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Design/methodology/approach: A surveyed-based sample of project professionals (N = 563) directly linked with the BRI was employed for statistical estimations with partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings: Paternalistic leadership styles, including authoritarian leadership (AL), moral leadership (ML) and benevolent leadership (BL), significantly influence the mega-construction project success in BRI. The findings empirically validated that both BL and ML increase the likelihood of mega-construction project success. However, AL could impose a threat through its underlying negative influence. In addition, leaders with benevolence and morality have a positive influence on TMV and TR, while leaders with authoritarianism signal a negative impact. Furthermore, both TMV and TR significantly and positively mediate the relationships between AL-MPS (Model-1), BL-MPS (Model-2) and ML-MPS (Model-3), respectively. Originality/value: The present study is a groundbreaking endeavor that fills a crucial research gap by investigating mega-construction project success in the BRI through paternalistic leadership, project team members' voice and team resilience in a multi-mediation model. These novel findings offer valuable strategic insights for managing mega-construction projects in countries with paternalistic solid cultural foundations, enabling project managers to navigate cultural nuances and optimize megaproject outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, team learning and blended learning are becoming increasingly important to today's university students. Knowledge sharing (KS), as an important factor that is the bridge between learning and cooperation and communication, can affect the effectiveness of students' learning. However, current research has paid less attention to knowledge-sharing behavior (KSB) under blended team-based learning (BTBL). This paper explored the factors that influence KSB in BTBL, 322 samples were analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The results showed that team atmosphere, reciprocity, sharing attitude, and knowledge self-efficacy (KSE) had significant positive effects on KSB. Meanwhile, team learning ability (TLA) significantly negatively moderated sharing attitude and significantly positively moderated KSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In online health communities based on doctor-doctor interactions, the sustained participation of doctors in information exchange within the community is not only crucial for the long-term development of online health communities but also contributes to enhancing the knowledge and professional capabilities of doctors across different regions. The purpose of this study is to explore the antecedents and consequences of information exchange behaviour among doctors. We collected interaction data among doctors from an online health community in China and utilised text mining to process unstructured data. This study employed a combination of econometric methods and generalised random forests to examine the causal mechanisms between antecedents and consequences of doctors’ information exchange behaviour. The results indicate that social capital and group characteristics have significant effects on information exchange behaviour, which in turn has significant positive effects on social benefits. In addition, the positive relationship between doctor information exchange and social benefit is higher in the clinical medicine discussion group. Information exchange behaviour mediates the relationship between group characteristics, social capital, and social benefits. Our study enriches the application of theories, deepens the understanding of social benefits, and is conducive to the stable and rapid development of online health communities based on doctor-doctor interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines why employees in positive informal relationships may engage in unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB). Drawing on social exchange theory and social cognitive theory, we examined the potential relational mechanisms of workplace friendships on UPB with a sample of 431 new-generation employees from different Chinese companies. The results of the empirical study indicated that workplace friendship and affective commitment were significantly positively related to UPB, as was the indirect effect of workplace friendship on UPB through affective commitment, and that a caring ethical climate (CEC) strengthened the positive relationships between workplace friendship and affective commitment and between affective commitment and UPB. Furthermore, male, married, and basic supervisor/ middle management employees were likelier to participate in UPB than female, unmarried, and general staff. These findings suggest that workplace friendships, affective commitment, and CEC may have a previously unexplored dark side. This study deepens the understanding of the environmental and personal factors that influence employee participation in UPB and contributes to the literature on the potential negative consequences of positive factors. We also discuss essential theoretical and practical implications and future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored how diversity management fuels innovative employee behavior in the United Arab Emirates' (UAE) emerging economy. Surveying 120 individuals from various service organizations, the research found a strong connection between diversity initiatives, and employee engagement, ultimately leading to more innovative practices. Diversity management directly impacts employee engagement, which in turn significantly influence innovative work behaviors. Interestingly, employee engagement fully mediates the relationship between diversity and innovation. These findings highlight the crucial role of diversity management in fostering a culture of innovation. Organizations can leverage this by investing in training by equipping employees with skills to effectively engage across diverse teams as well as promoting inclusivity through cultivating a work environment that values and respects differences, fostering open communication and collaboration. By implementing these recommendations, organizations can harness the power of diverse perspectives to drive innovation and gain a competitive edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to enhance the understanding of how servant leadership (SL) influences organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the specific context of Chinese private enterprises. Applying social exchange theory, social identity theory, and psychological contract theory, this study examines not only the mediating roles of relational identification and perceived organizational support (POS) but also how workplace loneliness negatively moderates the sequential mediating effect of SL on OCB. The analyzed survey included 335 employees from private enterprises in Zhejiang Province, China. Partial least squares structural equation modeling results show that relational identification and POS sequentially mediate the relationship between SL and OCB. Moreover, workplace loneliness significantly moderated these relationships. By presenting a framework that captures sequence mediation and includes a moderator, this study not only contributes methodologically to its field of study but also extends the literature by providing critical theoretical and practical insights for leadership and organizational behavior studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informal affective bonding through which social resources are deployed, known as guanxi, is significant in social, political, and economic relationships in present‐day China. Guanxi is sociologically understood as a form of social network and also as a type of social exchange. In addition, guanxi is regarded as a kind of or derived from ritual practices. Ritual aspects of guanxi are critically examined. The concept of ritual is distinguished from Confucian li, with which guanxi is often associated. Rituals held to be supportive of guanxi are examined, three distinct conceptualisations of ritual are identified, and ritual is differentiated from social practice, ceremony, and rite. Finally, emotions in guanxi ritual are briefly discussed, comparing Collins' approach with an account from the early Chinese theorist Xunzi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactive digital platforms have transformed mathematics education by offering students novel opportunities for collaborative engagement with peers and instructors in constructing knowledge. Drawing on the premise that meaningful interpersonal interactions are pivotal to effective learning within discussion boards, this study focuses on the nature of interactions within an online mathematics discussion board. We collected a dataset encompassing 170,000 posts from 14,000 online mathematics discussion threads, involving 4,649 high school students in Florida. Leveraging topic modeling and social network analysis, this study delves into both the content-driven and social exchanges among participants, analyzing their language exchanges and social dynamics on the discussion board. Specifically, we investigated how the mathematics discussion board fosters quality support and participation by enhancing content-specific discussions (cognitive presence) through social interaction (social presence), which are actively supported by peer students acting as facilitators (instructional presence), we evaluated how the discussion board fosters quality support and participation by enhancing content-specific discussions (cognitive presence) through social interaction (social presence), which are actively supported by peer students acting as facilitators (instructional presence). We also aimed to investigate the characteristics of students who were actively engaging in providing support for their peers. The content-focused analysis, using a topic modeling approach, highlighted comparable proportions between content-focused discourse (52%) and social interaction (47%) within the discussion boards. Notably, high-performing students emerged as important instructional facilitators, actively fostering knowledge sharing and supporting their peers. Specifically, the outcomes reveal a trend: students exhibiting high end-of-course performance tend to assume proactive roles in peer facilitation, whereas those with lower performance levels participate less in peer-driven support. Our findings provide empirical insights into how the dynamics of the discussion board can be investigated by integrating multi-methods approaches in natural language processing and social network analysis to understand the different facets of the support structure in discussion boards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Introduction Aim Methods Results Conclusion Impact Patient or Public Contribution Fostering nurses' intentions to blow the whistle internally is a salient issue in healthcare. However, there are debates on the antecedents of these intentions, and the explanation of how these antecedents influence such intentions is missing in the nursing literature.Based on the social exchange theory and the social identity theory, this study aimed to unveil how decent work influences nurses' internal whistleblowing intentions, specifically through the parallel mediating roles of felt obligation and organisational identification.A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 268 clinical nurses from three tertiary public hospitals in Mansoura, Egypt. Data were collected between June and November 2023 using the Decent Work Scale, the Felt Obligation Scale, the Organisational Identification Scale and the Internal Whistleblowing Intentions Scale. Study hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling.Decent work significantly influenced nurses' internal whistleblowing intentions. Felt obligation and organisational identification partially mediated the positive relationship between decent work and internal whistleblowing intentions.Decent work is a significant predictor in nurturing felt obligation and organisational identification, leading to an increased willingness among nurses to engage in internal whistleblowing.This study offers valuable insights into how hospital administrators can leverage internal whistleblowing intentions among nurses. It showed that securing decent work conditions, fostering felt obligation and organisational identification contribute to an increased willingness to blow the whistle.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the concept of ideology and its relationship to language, reality, and interpretation. The author argues that ideology structures our understanding of reality through flawed interpretations, perpetuating moral wrongs. The text emphasizes the importance of recognizing the role of language in ideology critique and understanding how dominant meanings shape our access to the world. It also discusses the incorporation of theories of direct reference and formal notions of the world in the development of a hermeneutics of ideology critique. The goal is to dismantle dominant world-disclosures and promote rational discourse among equals. [Extracted from the article]

This study explores whether South Koreans' superordinate identification with North Koreans leads to increased humanization of and empathy for North Koreans as well as reduced negative feelings toward North Koreans. This study also examines whether superordinate identification intensifies support for people-to-people exchanges and unification using an experiment. South Koreans' increased superordinate identification with North Koreans leads to greater humanization of the latter as well as less negative feelings toward them but does not affect support for unification. This suggests that extended contact is enough to generate superordinate identification with the outgroup but not enough to affect support for government policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration presents challenges to receiving communities, as it tests their ability to respond to unexpected expenditures and social stresses. Evaluating the local impact of rapid and substantial migration flows is difficult due to the absence of a validated instrument for assessing community support for migration. Our study adapted and validated a Support for Migration Assessment survey (SMA) based on Social Exchange Theory (SET). The validation of the SMA contributes in two significant ways. First, it establishes an instrument that enables the assessment of support for migration (SFM) by considering community-level factors: trust in institutions (TII), overall community satisfaction (OCS), and perceived negative impact on infrastructure (INF). Second, the SMA extends SET to the context of migration to assess support by a receiving community. We recruited 333 survey participants between January and July 2022 using proportional stratified random sampling to measure locals' perceptions toward the Venezuelan migrant population in Barranquilla, Colombia. The internal consistency of the factors was calculated with Cronbach's alpha (α) and omega coefficient (ω), resulting in α = 0.88, ω = 0.89 for TII; α = 0.90, ω = 0.92 for OCS; α = 0.87, ω = 0.88 for INF; and α = 0.84, ω = 0.86 for SFM. After conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity was confirmed based on the model's goodness of fit (CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.935, RMSEA = 0.062, SRMR = 0.076). The adapted survey demonstrates adequacy in assessing perceived community support for migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the high-speed rail debate (HSR) there has been lacking in-depth theoretical and evidential research on the role HSR has on tacit knowledge flows between industrial clusters or regions of economic productivity. The research that has begun to emerge has focused on knowledge indicators such as patents for social/tacit knowledge exchange, which this paper raises concerns over. This review aims to discover new links for HSR with cluster economics through social knowledge theory and aims to create a conceptual framework that will provide a new perspective for future research in the HSR debate concerning social knowledge exchange. Potential implications are presented for future transport policy decision-making, based on the relationship HSR may have with inter-regional tacit knowledge flows and accessibility benefits in regional balancing. Future research considerations are pointed out that argue to measure the flow of knowledge from HSR, research needs to go in-depth to the social aspect of interactions and relationship buildings, as quantitative data will struggle to capture tacit knowledge flow itself, due to the tacit nature of such information. The presented framework highlights the tacit nature of interactions facilitated by HSR connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid changes incurred by tourism pose challenges to local residents, transforming their perceptions of place and levels of identification to it. Building on the premises of two theoretical frameworks, this study aimed to investigate the way place image and social identity determine residents' predispositions to tourism and their overall life satisfaction. Using data drawn from Seville residents, the study revealed that place image determines residents' perceptions of tourism impacts, while social identity only affected support for tourism. Perceived impacts further formulated support and life satisfaction. The study sheds some light on residents' attitudes and their life satisfaction in mature destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different social exchange relationships among family members and between family and non-family stakeholders influence individual, group, and family-firm outcomes. Although many studies provide insights into social exchange relationships in family businesses, these studies are scattered across multiple literatures. Using the lens of social exchange theory, we review and organize 74 such studies. After discussing what is known and what gaps remain, we juxtapose our review with new theorizing about social exchanges to elicit research opportunities for family business research and for leveraging the family business context to "give back" to social exchange theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale/Purpose: This study drew upon social exchange theory to investigate the mediation effects of perceived benefits and costs on the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and the attitudinal outcomes of mandatory volunteers (voluntolds), namely volunteer satisfaction and future civic intention. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 513 respondents who were voluntolds (i.e. mandatory volunteers) at a large-scale sport event in China. They were analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings: The results indicated that POS was positively and more significantly associated to perceived benefits and negatively associated with perceived costs. POS also positively predicted volunteer satisfaction, but it did not directly predict future civic intention. In addition, perceived benefits were positively associated with volunteer satisfaction but not with future civic intention, whereas perceived costs were negatively related to both volunteer satisfaction and future civic intention. Practical implications: The findings provide insightful implications for sport event organizers to develop a volunteer management program with particular attention to orientation, training and support, performance management, and recognition practices for mandatory volunteers. Research Contribution: The findings suggest the proactive role of event organizers in enhancing perceived benefits and volunteer satisfaction and, consequently, promoting the civic behaviors of mandatory volunteers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Drawing on social exchange theory, this study aims to investigate the reciprocal relationship between an employee's knowledge sharing and his or her coworkers' responses to this focal contributor in terms of knowledge sharing and helping behaviors. Design/methodology/approach: A two-wave online survey collected data from 84 respondents who provided ratings on each member on their team, representing 440 dyadic relationships. Hierarchical linear modeling analyzed the between-subjects and within-subject data simultaneously. Findings: Employees generally reciprocate contributors' knowledge sharing with an exact act (i.e. knowledge sharing) through the mechanism of peer respect. However, respect generated by knowledge sharing is enhanced only when the knowledge contributor is competent. Originality/value: Research on how an employee's knowledge sharing actually influences other members of a team is lacking. This study addresses this gap by examining responses to a team member's knowledge sharing from a peer's perspective. It also reveals when knowledge sharing is more pronounced in earning peer respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study elaborates on the concept of loyalty. Strategic work to increase loyalty such as loyalty programs is increasingly being questioned. Using a relational perspective, viewing loyalty as an ongoing process of social exchanges, the paradoxical relationship between loyalty strategies and customer loyalty is underlined. The empirical data comprised qualitative interviews with eight key managers in Swedish retail companies. The result shows that loyalty programs foster rational shopping behaviours, misinterpreted by the retailers as loyalty. Thus, the concrete nature of loyalty programs make the customers less loyal only returning the concrete resources given. Particular resources will not be given by customers if none are offered by retailers. From the perspective of social exchanges, a shift from tangible rewards to forming meaningful emotional bonds is needed in order to achieve customer loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The high-pressure nature of the construction industry, along with the COVID-19 pandemic, triggered abusive supervision (i.e. workplace bullying and incivility behaviour) that has diminished workers' well-being. However, despite the growing prevalence in practice and increasing concern in academia, abusive supervision remains largely unexplored by construction management scholars. This study aims to fill the gap in the current literature by analysing the effects of abusive supervision on construction workers' well-being, the mediating role of guanxi closeness and the moderating role of trust in the manager. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire survey was completed by 258 Chinese construction workers. The data underwent mediation and moderation analyses using PROCESS macro 3.5 for SPSS. Findings: The results revealed that managers' abusive supervision reduced construction workers' well-being at work and in life. Guanxi closeness between manager and workers mediated the relationship between managers' abusive supervision and construction workers' well-being. Additionally, trust in managers moderated the mediating effect of guanxi closeness. This study further revealed that the emotional connection between construction managers and workers, such as expressive guanxi closeness and affective-based trust, is important in handling the impact of abusive supervision on the workers. Practical implications: The findings of this study provide support for recent calls to address negative manager behaviours such as abusive supervision in construction management. They aid the development of a more comprehensive internal mechanism that considers the influence of guanxi closeness on the outcomes of abusive supervision by managers at construction sites. Additionally, interventions that develop trust in managers may be particularly effective in alleviating the tension of abusive supervision. More attention should be paid to managers' emotional connections in daily construction project management. Originality/value: Rather than concentrate on positive leadership, this study shifts the focus to negative leadership in construction project management by identifying abusive supervision as a negative primary antecedent of workers' well-being. While prior research has highlighted how negative manager behaviours affect workers' well-being from the conservation of resources theory (COR) perspective, this study is the first, to the authors' knowledge, to adopt a social exchange theory perspective by introducing guanxi closeness as a mediator. It contributes to a greater understanding of how trust in the manager alleviates the negative effect of the person's abusive supervision on construction workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change represents a major challenge for businesses and society. Small farmers in emerging economies are most vulnerable to extreme weather events and must adapt their strategies and operations. Adaptive decision-making depends on the risk perception and the availability of resources, which can be a major limitation for the context of small farmers. Our study investigates how farmers perceive climate change risks and decide on climate adaptation. We explore the small farmers' vulnerability, risk perception, and decision-making process with in-depth interviews with small farmers in different network contexts. Our data reveal that small farmers, isolated in terms of communication and support regarding climate adaptation, used social exchanges to learn and adapt. However, as the social network was the primary source of information, knowledge, and experience sharing, the quality of network relationships made a difference. Thus, the importance of social capital to enable climate adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge is an invaluable resource and a key to organisational success. To leverage this resource adequately, organisations must encourage their employees to share what they know with their peers. Enterprise social media (ESM) has emerged as an ideal venue for achieving this goal, and numerous studies have examined the drivers of work‐related knowledge contributions on these platforms. The present study contributes to this body of research by examining a prevalent yet underexplored form of knowledge sharing that often occurs on ESM: nonwork‐related knowledge contributions. We argue that contrary to a commonly held belief, this presumably hedonic employee behaviour can benefit organisations through its spillover effect on the work domain. In other words, we argue that nonwork‐related knowledge contributions on ESM can foster work‐related ones. Building on social exchange theory and on the associative–propositional evaluation model in social psychology, we also show that the employee–employer (EE) relationship—conceptualised in terms of perceived organisational support and perceived employee psychological safety—moderates the relationship between the two forms of knowledge contributions. The analysis of field data collected from 269 employees of a French e‐commerce company confirmed that nonwork‐related knowledge contributions are positively associated with work‐related ones and that this positive association is moderated by the EE relationship. We discuss the theoretical contributions of our results and explain key managerial implications for organisations hoping to reap the benefits of ESM in a sustainable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telecommuting has been found to have a profound effect on employee turnover intention. However, the literature is vague in understanding the mechanism through which telecommuting affects employee retention (ER). Grounded on the conservation of resource (COR) theory and social exchange theory (SET), this study examined the impact of telecommuting on ER and fear of COVID-19 and the subsequent impact of fear of COVID-19 on ER. The study also investigated fear of COVID-19 as a mediating mechanism between telecommuting and ER. Data collected from 307 employees working in nonprofit and nongovernmental organisations in Balochistan, Pakistan was analysed using PLS-SEM. The findings showed that telecommuting was positively related to ER while its relationship was negative and significant with fear of COVID-19. Further analyses showed that fear of COVID-19 was negatively related to ER. The findings further revealed that fear of COVID-19 mediated the influence of telecommuting on ER. The overall results demonstrate the importance of telecommuting in strengthening ER and reducing fear of COVID-19. The study provides a tool for policymakers and management practitioners to set up plans for a situation like COVID-19 in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand the effect of workplace well‐being on employee creativity, we examine the effect of servant leadership on employee creativity. Using the social exchange and conservation of resources theories, we constructed a research model to identify how servant leadership affects employee creativity and to investigate its mechanism and boundary conditions. Using data collected from employees and their supervisors, we adapted the hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping approach to test our research model. The results showed that servant leadership positively affected workplace well‐being, which enhances employee creativity. Psychological availability moderated the relationship between workplace well‐being and employee creativity. We also found that the indirect effect of servant leadership on employee creativity via workplace well‐being was significant when the employees had a high level of psychological availability. Moreover, the results indicated that experienced creative time pressure was negatively related to employee creativity and negatively moderated the link between workplace well‐being and employee creativity. The indirect effect of servant leadership on employee creativity was significant when the employees had a low level of experienced creative time pressure. The results of this study provide important theoretical and practical implications for servant leadership and employee creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: By adopting a Social Exchange Theory (SET) lens, this paper aims to integrate the often-fragmented literature streams of Vocational Behavior (VB), Career Development (CD), and Human Resource Management (HRM) to offer a conceptual model for framing sustainable careers. Design/methodology/approach: A conceptual approach is taken whereby eight propositions are developed to integrate the fragmented literature streams of VB, CD, and HRM. Findings: We posit that external factors and career counseling moderate the positive relationship between employability capital and self-perceived employability. We also argue that self-perceived employability is positively associated with career success and that career crafting moderates this relationship. Finally, we propose that career success is positively associated with a sustainable career, which, in turn, is positively associated with a sustainable organization. Practical implications: The practical contribution comes from informing VB, CD, and HRM policies and practices to maximize sustainable outcomes for individuals and organizations. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research. Originality/value: The theoretical contribution comes from integrating the three literature streams to offer a conceptual model as the basis for further interdisciplinary collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present research paper aims to examine the inter-relationship between organizational justice (Henceforth termed as OJ), psychological well-being at work (henceforth termed as PWBW) and organizational citizenship behavior (henceforth termed as OCB). More specifically, this paper attempts to critically analyze the mediating role of PWBW in the relationship between OJ and OCB. The study solely focuses on nurses working at private hospitals in Kerala, who are the largest group of healthcare personnel. Design/methodology/approach: Data collected from 308 nursing employees were analyzed by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software. Findings: The outcomes of the analysis demonstrate that significant correlations exist between all the three key variables and their dimensions. Moreover, it has been found that the relationship between OJ and OCB is partially mediated by PWBW. Research limitations/implications: In the present healthcare scenario, just after the Covid-19 pandemic, there is a paramount need for the well-being of healthcare staff in order to improve the functioning of the healthcare system. Originality/value: The study enabled us to develop and provide an explanation as to how social exchange relationship works between OJ and OCB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on residents' attitudes toward tourism suggests an exchange relationship between perceived tourism impact and support among residents. However, there is limited knowledge about the cognitive processes through which such a relationship occurs. This study demonstrates the potential utility of integrating cognitive appraisal and social exchange theories to explain the cognitive process linking perceived tourism impact, quality of life, and residents' support for tourism. We used a survey of residents of Klamath and Linn Counties in the state of Oregon, United States, to obtain data from a random sample of 782 respondents. Using a structural equation modeling approach, we tested three competing theoretical models: the social exchange baseline model, the cognitive appraisal model, and a model integrating both theories. Results suggest that conceptual integration of social exchange and cognitive appraisal theories potentially improves the prediction of residents' support for tourism. Results also suggest that positive tourism attributes and positive affective emotions can play vital roles in the cognitive processes determining residents' support for tourism. We discuss the implications of these findings for future tourism research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To promote the success of peer-to-peer accommodation, this study examines the effects of online host–guest interaction as well as the interaction's boundary conditions of listing price and reputation on listing popularity. Design/methodology/approach: Using 330,686 data collected from Airbnb in the United States of America, the authors provide empirical evidence to answer whether social-oriented self-presentation and response rate influence listing popularity from the perspective of social exchange theory (SET). In addition, the authors investigate how these two kinds of online host–guest interactions work with listing price and reputation to influence listing popularity. Findings: The results reveal the positive association between online host–guest interaction and listing popularity. Notably, the authors find that listing price strengthens but listing reputation weakens the positive effects of online host–guest interactions on listing popularity in peer-to-peer accommodation. Originality/value: This study is the first attempt to adopt SET to explain the importance of online host–guest interactions in influencing listing popularity as well as examine the moderating role of listing price and reputation on the above relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge exchange is crucial for organizations, but interpersonal dynamics can entail stress, affecting whether and how knowledge flows. Integrating social comparison and stress appraisal research, we propose that upward social comparison can be appraised as challenging or hindering. We suggest a dual pathway model involving an approach pathway via challenge appraisal and an avoidance pathway via hindrance appraisal with consequences on three knowledge exchange behaviours (i.e., knowledge sharing, knowledge seeking and knowledge hiding). Additionally, we examine age differences (vs. no age differences) to the comparison target as a buffer. We conducted two preregistered experimental online studies with employees (NStudy 1 = 206, NStudy 2 = 414), utilizing a 2 (social comparison; upward, lateral) × 3 (target age; younger, same‐age, older) between‐subject design. Participants received bogus task performance feedback (Study 1: cognitive ability test; Study 2: typing ability test). Both studies show that upward social comparison (but not other social comparison directions) fosters knowledge hiding via hindrance appraisal. This effect is weakened by an age difference (vs. no age difference) to the comparison target. However, our results do not support the approach pathway via challenge appraisal. Our research highlights social pitfalls in knowledge exchange and emphasizes the benefits of age differences between colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nPLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYWhile public administration ethics literature has accumulated a significant amount of knowledge on how to promote public service culture steeped in ethics, the primary focus of the scholarly discussion has long been on the importance of developing ethics among public employees and in their organizations. Based on the premise that citizens are co-producers of the public service culture, this study turns attention to citizens and their commitment to ethical values when interacting with public employees. Specifically, this study examines how citizen incivility influences public employee work attitudes, particularly public employee turnover intention and their desire to serve the public. The analyses were conducted using survey data collected from Korean public employees. The findings suggest that citizen incivility is negatively associated with public employees’ motivation to serve the public (i.e., public service motivation), that citizen incivility is positively associated with public employee intention to leave their jobs, and that the relationship between uncivil citizen behaviors and public employee turnover intention is partially mediated through public service motivation.When discussing how to ensure that public employees make decisions and behave in ways that best serve the needs of citizens, scholars have long emphasized the importance of an individual public employee being a person of integrity and the importance of public organizations encouraging employee ethical behaviors through a supportive organizational structure and culture. However, if and how can citizen behaviors influence public employee work attitudes to best serve the needs of citizens? The present study explores this rarely discussed question by testing how uncivil citizen behaviors influence public employees’ motivation to serve the public and their intention to stay in their jobs. The study found that increasing uncivil behaviors by citizens when interacting with public employees are associated with a reduced desire of public employees to serve the public and stronger intentions of public employees to leave their jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings of the study that was initiated to develop and standardize a measure of Social Interaction (SI). The items were split into five different types of social interaction: exchange, competition, conflict, cooperation and accommodation. The systematic process that was used to construct and validate the tool is delineated in this study. The theoretical foundation for the questionnaire was carried out through a literature review. The item pool was generated with each statement reflecting the different aspects of interaction. Initially, experts in the field of social psychology reviewed the items for content validity and refined the items. The preliminary version of the questionnaire was tested using a pilot study. A larger validation was done with a larger population to confirm the factor structure using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The model fit indices were good for the obtained model (CFI = 0.929, IFI = 0.930, TLI = 0.920, RMSEA = 0.053), confirming that the model structure is robust. The final questionnaire has 26 items with a reliable and valid measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study adds value to the existing literature on social exchange theory in analysing the relationship between inclusive leadership and innovative work behaviour with the mediating effects of work engagement and moderating effects of leader-member exchange. We designed the present study using a time-lagged method to avoid issues of common method bias. The data were collected using convenience sampling in 3-different time lags. Convenience sampling was used and a total of 214 responses were collected. The empirical results indicated that inclusive leadership and innovative work behaviour were not positively related. However, we also obtained empirical support for the mediating role of work engagement and the moderating role of LMX on the inclusive leadership and innovative work behaviour relationship. This paper discusses theoretical and practical implications based on social exchange theory. The study highlights how inclusive leadership helps employees enhance their innovative work behaviours through the indirect effects of work engagement and moderating effects of leader-member exchange. The study also forwards robust future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined residents’ attitudes towards the staging of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar and assess their interest and level of support or opposition to this mega sport event. Guided by the Social Exchange Theory (SET) and the Social Representation Theory (SRT), the study used a survey conducted in 2019, involving 2031 residents: 1017 Qataris and 1014 non-Qataris. T-test and ANOVA analyses were employed. Examination of the factors shaping residents’ attitudes towards and interest in Qatar’s hosting of the 2022 FIFA World Cup revealed strong and positive associations between respondents’ demographic characteristics and their interest. Significant relationships were identified between respondents’ gender, nationality and educational level and interest in the 2022 World Cup. Findings suggest directions for sports policy makers and sport event managers to improve strategic planning for hosting major sporting events. Future research can draw on this study’s findings for adaption to other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the development of the online communication platform, teachers could build a virtual learning community to provide a “second classroom” to interact with students and improve teaching efficiency. Drawing upon social exchange theory and cognitive load theory, this study explored the effect of teacher interaction in the class virtual community on student satisfaction. A multi-wave survey including 525 students was conducted. Results showed that teacher interaction in the virtual community has a positive effect on students’ satisfaction by promoting knowledge sharing, but it also has a negative effect on students’ satisfaction by increasing learning pressure. The positive effect of teacher interaction in the virtual community is strong for students who have a high preference for virtual communities, whereas the negative effect is magnified for students who have a low preference for virtual communities. The findings provide a comprehensive picture of the effect of virtual community in enhancing teaching quality and reveal the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) service robots represent a relatively new service paradigm with the potential to raise consumer well-being and service quality. Most previous studies ignored the significance of AI-human exchange relationships in favor of exploring the effects of AI service robots on consumers from the perspective of artificial intelligence technology stimuli. This study investigated how the empathy ability of AI service robots affects consumer well-being in AI-human exchange relationships. It did this by developing a chain mediation model based on mind perception theory and social exchange theory. The results indicate that the empathy ability of AI service robots has a significant impact on consumer well-being. The empathy ability of AI service robots improves consumer well-being through consumer self-congruence and consumer warmth perception. Furthermore, consumer privacy concerns negatively moderate the chain mediation effect. This study provides suggestions on how to improve consumer well-being for marketers and developers of AI service robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop novel theoretical insights regarding employees' reactions to servant leadership. Drawing on social exchange theory and the servant leadership literature, we propose that the needs–supplies fit between servant leaders and narcissistic employees can urge narcissistic employees to feel more grateful in response to servant leadership. In turn, employee gratitude is positively associated with organizational citizenship behavior and negatively associated with workplace deviance. We test our model across two studies, including a two-wave field survey study of 344 employees and their 80 leaders (Study 1) and a scenario-based experimental study of 100 participants (Study 2). The findings support our theoretical model that, at a higher (versus lower) level of employee narcissism, servant leadership enhances organizational citizenship behavior and reduces workplace deviance through enhanced employee gratitude. We discuss our contributions to the servant leadership literature and present practical implications for organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective knowledge management (KM) and knowledge sharing (KS) are critical for the success of international construction projects (ICPs), but they are often hindered by knowledge-hiding (KH) behavior. This study examines the complex and multifaceted factors that affect KH in ICPs, informed by role identity theory (RIT) and social exchange theory (SET). In particular, we investigate how ethnic minorities (EMs), contingent workers (CWs), and interpersonal justice (IJ) influence KH in these projects. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), we reveal the significant effects of EMs and CWs on KH and the partial mediation of IJ between EMs and KH. We also find that control variables such as gender and age have significant impacts on KH. The findings underscore the pivotal role of inclusive practices in mitigating KH and enhancing KM in ICPs. This research provides actionable insights for creating a transparent and inclusive knowledge-sharing culture in multicultural project teams, which contributes to improved project outcomes and organizational success. This study also paves the way for future research on power asymmetries, contextual factors, and the influence of organizational cultures, leadership styles, and team dynamics on KM in ICPs. Practical Applications: To address the challenges of knowledge hiding in international construction projects, this study proposes a comprehensive strategy for effective knowledge management in international construction projects, based on established research and best practices. The strategy is designed to fit the unique dynamics of international construction projects and includes the following components: (1) implementing a knowledge-sharing framework that values the contributions of each team member, regardless of their demographic backgrounds; (2) supporting leadership with a focus on inclusivity and equity, and a reward system acknowledging knowledge-sharing efforts irrespective of demographic backgrounds; (3) investing in construction-specific knowledge-sharing technologies that are accessible to all team members; (4) fostering inclusive communities of practice and incorporating performance metrics for inclusive knowledge sharing; and (5) encouraging open communication, developing knowledge transfer plans, and ensuring continuous improvement in overall knowledge management. This multifaceted approach aims to create a transparent and inclusive culture of knowledge sharing in international construction projects, which contributes to improved project outcomes and organizational success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on social exchange theory and self-determination theory, this paper studies how commitment to social responsibility in nonprofit organizations (NPOs) affects their employees. Social responsibility concerns NPOs' voluntary engagement into ethical behaviour extending beyond the narrow mandate of their social mission and legal responsibilities. Given the prosocial motivation of nonprofit employees, it is argued that contributing to the well-being of stakeholders beyond the social mission by engaging in social responsibility may result in favourable employee outcomes. The results of our study, using a sample of 1335 employees of healthcare NPOs in Flanders, confirm that social responsibility positively relates to employees' organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) as commitment to social responsibility enhances perceptions of organizational support and social impact potential among nonprofit employees. The results further indicate that the consistent display of integrity and moral values by leaders by demonstrating leadership integrity positively influences the relationship between social responsibility and OCB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]