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Due to increasing competition among rental service providers, creating and enhancing perceived value is a critical element for sustainable growth. Given the growing interest in sustainable consumption practices, this paper examines the role of perceived benefit in the online rental industry, particularly the relative impacts of economic, social, and environmental benefits on customer patronage behaviors toward service providers. The proposed model is tested using data from 404 online rental platform customers in the United States. The results of partial least squares structural equation modeling show a positive impact of perceived benefits on both consumer attitude and personal norms. In addition, the impacts of attitude and norms on behavioral intention are confirmed. Finally, differences in customer behaviors between low- and high-frequency rental platform users are identified. The economic benefit on subjective norm is only significant among high-frequency customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming concerns have emphasized the need for carbon neutrality. Improving the efficiency of the electricity industry is one method of reducing CO2 emissions. There is a demand response policy that trades the saved electricity through voluntary adjustment of consumption patterns. The introduction of real-time pricing (RTP) based on advanced power supply systems is a method of transitioning to a demand-oriented power system. However, as Korea's power supply system is a relatively less efficient single-rate system, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of demand management. To transition to a demand-oriented power system in Korea, consumer preference is first investigated. This study evaluates the willingness to pay (WTP) for the introduction of RTP in Korea. Based on a survey of 500 households using the contingent valuation method, the monthly average WTP was found to be 2465 Korean won per household ($2.18 per household), which is approximately 7.8% of the electricity rate. Several additional factors influencing WTP were analyzed. Further analysis indicated that it is more effective to establish infrastructure for introducing RTP in local areas with low average electricity rates. These findings are beneficial for the development of future demand response policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building communities in rural areas is an important factor in social and economic development. The purpose of this article is to analyze the benefits of community building in rural areas of Lithuania. The literature review discusses the concept of rural community, examines the content of the benefits of creating rural communities, and the research part analyzes the results of semi-structured interviews collected from communities in rural areas of Lithuania. The study found that building rural communities strengthens social ties and reduces social isolation. The community initiatives such as local markets and craft centers help create new business opportunities and jobs, increasing local income and encouraging entrepreneurship. In addition, communities, in cooperation with local authorities and international organizations, can receive financial support, which allows developing infrastructure and improving the quality of services. From a cultural point of view, organized festivals and other events help to maintain and popularize traditions, strengthen community identity and attract tourists.

Gardening offers a range of benefits, from food production to social connection to improved mental and physical health. When COVID-19 struck, interest in gardening soared, but it was unclear whether and how gardens would deliver these benefits in the midst of a global pandemic. We analyzed survey responses from 603 home and community gardeners across California, collected between June and August 2020, to assess trends in pandemic gardening. Gardeners highlighted the importance of gardens as therapeutic spaces where they could escape the stress of the pandemic, and as safe outdoor places for socializing. The study also revealed people's concerns about food supply, along with an accompanying interest in growing their own food to increase food security and self-sufficiency. The pandemic posed challenges for home gardeners, though, with 62% struggling to access gardening supplies. These findings suggest the importance of providing garden space, resources, and support, especially to those populations with the least access to green space, so that gardens can serve as resources to improve community health, food security, and resiliency during future disasters.

Digital nudging is attracting increasing attention to online decision-making processes and digital choice environments. Thus, understanding how digital nudging affects the acceptance of social media is essential for successful market segmentation. Using a modified technology acceptance model and 270 participants, this paper examines how digital nudging as a mediator influences the acceptance of social media among Chinese customers. By means of a structural equation model based on the partial least squares technique, this study aims to develop an intriguing model based on the TAM. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use influence the acceptance of social media less, as previously expected. All objective factors, i.e., social benefits, trust and ubiquitous connectivity, had a positive effect when nudging was used as a mediator. The models and the accompanying commentary will add to the debate over the scope of factors that affect the adoption of social marketing in terms of digital nudging. The results of the survey in this study should be interpreted as speculative and should not be relied upon as an accurate depiction of behavior in the surveyed communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetlands are badly damaged in many parts of the world. The wetland management of Minjiang Estuary wetland has achieved remarkable results. This provides valuable experience for wetland management in other areas. Minjiang Estuary wetland can achieve the effect, mainly because of the adoption of the water quality management, ecological restoration, and ecological tourism development. However, different management modes have their own scope of application. In order to spread its successes, three differential game modes related to Minjiang Estuary wetland management are constructed, and their equilibrium results are compared and analyzed. Finally, research shows that the amount of water quality control by governments is directly proportional to the resilience of wetlands. The amount of social organization culture is proportional to the degree of better water quality. The amount of development by the government and social organizations is directly proportional to the decrease of investment in the spontaneous tourism industry. When the loss caused by flood or the ecological restoration effect is large, the wetland should adopt the ecological restoration mode. When the increased income or reputation of ecotourism is large, the ecotourism development mode should be adopted. This provides a reference for how to manage wetlands and how to promote the management mode of Minjiang Estuary wetland to other areas more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research is to pinpoint tourism trends and patterns that can enhance visitor experiences and enhance the economic and social advantages for local communities. We conducted this qualitative research through interviews and surveys. The surveyed population included men and women from various age groups, economic work backgrounds, education levels, and social status. Architectural heritage has an important role in the development of cultural tourism in various countries, including Indonesia, because of the unique city layout, historical value, and aesthetics of its buildings. Various steps, including the development of architectural tours, exhibitions, workshops, and collaboration with local communities, carry out efforts to preserve and promote architectural heritage. We hope that by raising public awareness and appreciation of architectural heritage, current and future generations can continue to enjoy it, while also positively contributing to the strengthening of a region's cultural identity. Through sustainable efforts, architectural heritage can become a productive resource that supports the preservation and strengthening of local heritage and identity, so that cultural tourism development can provide significant economic and social benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death in the United States, and disproportionately impact communities of color. Replacing human control with automated vehicles (AVs) holds the potential to reduce crashes and save lives. The benefits of AVs, including automated shuttles, buses, or cars could extend beyond safety to include improvements in congestion, reductions in emissions, and increased access to mobility, particularly for vulnerable populations. However, AVs have not attained the level of public trust that has been expected, given their potential to save lives and increase access to mobility. Public opinion surveys have highlighted safety and security concerns as reasons for this lack of confidence. In this study, we present the findings of an experiment we conducted to actively shift mindsets on AVs toward advancing health equity. We demonstrate through a nationally representative sample of 2265 U.S. adults that the public support for AVs can be improved by expanding their scope of application to include advancing social benefit. The survey began with questions on respondent's support for AVs based on a priori knowledge and beliefs. Consistent with prior surveys, baseline support (strong support and some degree of support) was low at 26.4% (95% confidence interval 24.0?29.0). After introducing information about how AVs could be used to provide mobility for older adults, those with limited income, or the vision-impaired, respondents were asked to reassess their support for AVs. Support significantly increased to include the majority of respondents. By prioritizing the deployment of AVs to serve individuals and communities in greatest need of mobility, AVs would not only demonstrate compelling social value by reducing disparities but would also gain widespread public support among the U.S. public.

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing is the property of Editorial Department of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The principle of prioritization (ʾAhamm va Muhim) is one of the most useful jurisprudential principles employed in the case of conflicts between two verdicts. Some examples of such conlicts can be found in urban planning and city management, including conflicts among public and individual interests in the establishment of public projects. The present study aims at determining the status of Prioritization principle in urban planning and city management by means of textual content analysis and logical reasoning with a qualitative and inter-disciplinary approach. The study concludes that the precedence of social benefit (Maṣlaḥat) depends on conditions such as being otherworldly, religious, worldly, social and public, and also serving Sharīʿa purposes such as justice and benevolence. Additionally, in order for the more crucial matter to take precedence over the important in urban planning, it is important to pay attention to the planning and design patterns. For instance, plans that are purely technical and physical and economic are to be avoided. It is essential to minimize private property ownership while trying to preserve justice, ensure everyone's satisfaction, and pay attention to the essentials of Islamic urban planning and the participation of all stakeholders. It is also crucial to take into account the rights of God (Ḥagh Allāh) and People (Ḥagh Al-nās). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tigris and Euphrates River Basin is an important water supply, but it suffers from water scarcity. It is necessary to carry out reasonable allocation of water resources in this region. Since water resources issues in this region are of multinational interest, international cooperative distribution efforts are needed. Common water resources allocation modes include equal allocation, demand priority or negotiation allocation. In order to derive the applicable range of various water resources allocation modes, this article constructs three differential game models and compares and analyzes the equilibrium results obtained by the models. Finally, the study shows that when the cost of developing water resources is small and the revenue obtained from developing water resources is large, the water-scarce region can obtain the maximum benefit by adopting the demand priority mode. Otherwise, the water-scarce region can obtain the maximum benefit by adopting the negotiation allocation mode. This study can inform the allocation, strategic interaction and cooperation of dynamic water resources in the two river basins.

Social cooperatives, as powerful economic organizations aiming to respond to social needs, are an economic model that has attracted attention by public and policy makers, activists and recently academics. This study provides a detailed look at the role and importance of social cooperatives, which is an element of social economy, by addressing the concept of social economy. The aim of the study is to analyze the current situation and potential of social cooperatives in Turkey, to highlight their strengths, to identify their weaknesses, to evaluate opportunities and threats, and to offer suggestions for the development of social cooperatives. With this study, the existence and functioning of social cooperatives in Turkey will be better understood and will contribute to future social cooperative discussions. As a result, it has been revealed that social cooperatives in Turkey have not been able to realize their full potential and therefore need political, supportive measures and developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Management & Economics Research is the property of Journal of Management & Economics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) is the property of Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science (MJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gardening offers a range of benefits, from food production to social connection to improved mental and physical health. When COVID-19 struck, interest in gardening soared, but it was unclear whether and how gardens would deliver these benefits in the midst of a global pandemic. We analyzed survey responses from 603 home and community gardeners across California, collected between June and August 2020, to assess trends in pandemic gardening. Gardeners highlighted the importance of gardens as therapeutic spaces where they could escape the stress of the pandemic, and as safe outdoor places for socializing. The study also revealed people's concerns about food supply, along with an accompanying interest in growing their own food to increase food security and self-sufficiency. The pandemic posed challenges for home gardeners, though, with 62% struggling to access gardening supplies. These findings suggest the importance of providing garden space, resources, and support, especially to those populations with the least access to green space, so that gardens can serve as resources to improve community health, food security, and resiliency during future disasters.

The use of mobile payment increases along with technology advancement and the proliferation of mobile payment providers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of perceived ease of use, attitude toward mobile payment, perceived convenience benefit, and social benefit on intention to use mobile payment. A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 120 mobile payment customers in Surabaya, the 2nd largest city in Indonesia, who used OVO, Go-Pay, LinkAja, or T-cash in the last month and aged no younger than 18 years old. A questionnaire distributed to the participants with accidental sampling technique. A Partial Least Squares (PLS) modeling indicated a positive effect of attitude on intention to use mobile payment among participants. Attitude also fully mediated the links between perceived ease of use, perceived convenience benefit, and intention to use mobile payment. Meanwhile, perceived social benefit was not associated with intention to use mobile payment. Therefore, mobile payment providers should take ease of use and comfort into account when designing their service as they might shape a positive attitude and in turn, increase people’s intention to use the service.

As wastewater from the Fukushima nuclear disaster continues to drain into the sea, the supply system for healthy seafood is being seriously challenged. To protect public health, it is necessary to restructure the seafood supply mode. The seafood supply mode is divided into the original mode, land farming mode, and strengthen monitoring mode. To derive the applicable scope of the various modes of the seafood supply chain and to provide recommendations for the safety and sustainability of seafood supply chains for governments and enterprises, three differential game models are constructed in this study. Then, the equilibrium results obtained by the models are compared and analyzed. Based on the findings, the health impact of seafood pollution is relatively small, and the government tends to choose the original supply mode. As the health impact of seafood grows, governments tend to prefer land-based farming. The social benefit to the government is directly proportional to the monitoring cost of seafood. To protect public health, enterprises tend to choose the mode of strengthen monitoring if the proportion of unqualified seafood is low. In addition, if sea products show a high degree of adaptation to the land environment, they tend to choose land farming.

The frequent occurrence of forest diseases and insect pests has a significant impact on the forest ecosystem. The government needs to take measures to protect the forest ecosystem. The common management modes for forest pests and diseases include pesticide control, physical control, and biological control. In the process of governance, governments need to consider not only cost-effectiveness but also the impact on the ecosystem. In this article, the differential game model under these three modes is constructed, and the equilibrium results are compared and analyzed. Finally, the research conclusion is drawn that under the biological control mode, the income generated by the unit control quantity is inversely proportional to the balanced control quantity. However, under pesticide control and physical control modes, the revenue generated by the unit control quantity is proportional to the balanced control quantity. At the same time, under the biological control mode, the unit governance cost is proportional to the balanced control quantity. Under the pesticide control and physical control modes, the unit control cost is inversely proportional to the balanced control quantity. Social forces tend to adopt pesticide control. The government prefers physical control.

Based on research-to-policy narratives provided by UC Cooperative Extension (UCCE) academics, we argue that current, effective Cooperative Extension (Extension) practices support a broader, more convincing account of Extension's public value than its leaders often articulate. This proposed account incorporates the familiar Extension narrative in which technical expertise and objectivity are emphasized. It also incorporates the insight, derived from our data, that Extension can achieve its greatest relevance in policy circles when it weaves together its ability to provide trustworthy technical knowledge with its capacity to influence policy dialogue, debate and practice across multiple settings and over the long term. In a policy world often marked by short-term thinking and polarization, Extension's ability to foster deliberative, context-sensitive and future-oriented policymaking is a critical contribution to society. Interview data reveals three approaches to effective policy-oriented relationship building: community-government partnership building; stakeholder-oriented experimental research; and community empowerment. Understanding these approaches can help reframe the story that we in the Extension system tell ourselves and the public about the public value we create.

In the current global pandemic, actions are taken to prevent Covid-19 spread, residents are embracing small-scale gardening activities in their homes; especially in low to middle income communities, 3rd world countries as in Africa, depending on individual activities.Despite that, there is a lack provided by literature review about home gardening, the paper then shifts to the exploration of the gender influence on home gardening, poses questions; how do gender roles influence home gardening habits, and how would such activities potentially benefit the gardeners, and are the benefits equally distributed or are they potentially skewed to one gender over the other?Using an imperical quantitative approach through a survey, the results imply hypotheses and test them using WarpPLS, to verify their validity.This paper highlight effects on the connection between gender, gardening activities, and their potential benefits. The findings can help urban authorities to create a fair and inclusive environment.

The Benefit of Assistance to the Handicapped -BPC, is of utmost importance to the lives of citizens who have never contributed to the social security system and are disabled due to their disability. Changes in the Brazilian legal system over the years have made it possible for beneficiaries to enter the job market without running the risk of losing their benefit, which is only suspended for as long as the labor contract lasts. However, due to the delay they face when they terminate an employment relationship until the reactivation of the benefit by the INSS, it generates great distrust and fear of staying even for months without realizing their benefit, thus hindering the employment contract, even with much higher earnings that would enable a better quality of life for the beneficiary and his family. We intend, then, to understand the difficulties of inserting the disabled person who is entitled to the BPC LOAS benefit into the job market, to point out how the relocation of the LOAS benefit could be done without harming the time of the disabled person, to discuss the search for employment and the hiring of the disabled person by the job market, and to demonstrate how to encourage people with disabilities to be included in the job market, in order to have a better quality of life. Based on the study of qualitative techniques of a bibliographical, documentary, and case study nature. Thus, an adequacy of systems between the public and private spheres is necessary, making it possible to reduce the bureaucracy of the reentering of the benefit, being intermediated in an administrative manner, and in order to guarantee the insured's net and certain right in face of the State's delay, the filing of a writ of mandamus is promoted so that it may be immediately reestablished, so that the insured may have back the means to survive, therefore, the public sphere must understand that its responsibility is objective, as far as social inclusion and equality of opportunity in society are concerned. Therefore, it is presumed that the state should be held directly responsible for the lack of inclusion of disabled people in the labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

20.yy’ın ortalarından itibaren, toplumsal sorumluluğunun farkında olan kurumlar gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Geçmişten günümüze, içinde faaliyet gösterdikleri toplumun sorunlarından haberdar olan, bu sorunların telafisine yönelik projeler yaratan, üretim ve sunum aşamalarında bu bilinçle ve etik uygulamalarla faaliyet gösteren kurumlara her zaman ihtiyaç duyulduğu da bilinmektedir. Sosyal sorumluluk projelerinde, kurumun hangi toplumsal sorunu seçeceği, hangi boyutta destekleyeceği, sosyal sorumluluk projelerinde hangi amaca odaklanacağı, amaca yönelik seçeceği iletişim yöntem, teknik ve kanallarının neler olacağı da değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Türkiye’de, sosyal sorumluluk kapsamında uzun yıllardır, tutarlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilen bir projenin derinlemesine incelenmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Ana amaç haricinde, Boyner markasının sosyal sorumluluk anlayış ve yaklaşımına yönelik görüşlerini içeren bilgi sağlanması da hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmada derinlemesine mülakat tekniği kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde; kurumun, sosyal sorumluluk anlayışının bir örgüt kültürü olması gerektiği görüşünün hakim olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda ve sürdürülebilirlik farkındalığıyla, sosyal sorumluluk bilincinin kurumun tüm paydaşlarına yönelik olması gerektiği, üretim ve iş yapma süreçleri ile ilişkilendirildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca, kurumun, sosyal sorumluluğa sadece bir proje olarak değil; etik, şeffaf ve adaletli uygulamalarla bağdaştırarak daha geniş bir çerçeveden yaklaştığı da belirlenmiştir.

Abstract Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is attracting extensive attention and being widely applied to reduce postoperative stress and accelerate recovery. However, the economic benefits of ERAS are less clarified at the social level. We aimed to assess the economic impact of ERAS in hepatectomy from the perspectives of patients, hospitals and society, as well as identify the approach to create the economic benefits of ERAS. Methods By combining the literature and national statistical data, the cost-effectiveness framework was clarified, and parameter values were determined. Cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis and cost-minimisation analysis were used to compare ERAS and conventional treatment from the perspectives of patients, hospitals and society. The capital flow diagram was used to analyse the change between them. Results ERAS significantly reduced the economic burden of disease on patients ($8935.02 vs $10,470.02). The hospital received an incremental benefit in ERAS (the incremental benefit cost ratio value is 1.09), and the total social cost was reduced ($5958.67 vs $6725.80). Capital flow diagram analysis demonstrated that the average daily cost per capita in the ERAS group increased ($669.51 vs $589.98), whereas the benefits depended on the reduction of hospital stay and productivity loss. Conclusion The mechanism by which ERAS works is to reduce the average length of stay, thereby reducing the economic burden and productivity loss on patients and promoting the hospital bed turnover rate. Therefore, ERAS should further focus on accelerating the rehabilitation process, and more economic support (such as subsidies) should be given to hospitals to carry out ERAS.

We study the economic analysis of a single server Markovian queueing system with positive and negative customers and multiple working vacations. Both positive and negative customers arrive in the system according to a Poisson process. Upon arrival, positive customers acquire some system information and decide whether to join or to balk the system based on the acquired information and a linear cost-reward structure. Negative customers on arrival break the server and kill the positive customer in service. The server is immediately sent for repair, and no customers are allowed during a repair. The server takes multiple working vacations after serving all the positive waiting customers. We obtain the equilibrium strategies and social benefit of positive customers under four different information situations. Numerical experiments are presented to show the effects of model parameters and information levels on the equilibrium joining behavior of positive customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Economics, Finance, Politics is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The integration of renewable energy generation affects the operating characteristics of a power system, such as electric losses, voltage profile, generation cost, system stability, and reliability of the system. The installation of renewable energy generation units in non-optimal locations may increase system losses, costs, voltage fluctuations, etc. The main hurdle in integrating renewable energy generation units with an existing electrical grid is the uncertainty of renewable sources. This paper presents the impact of wind farm integration on the system economy in a wind-integrated deregulated power market. The importance of deregulation in terms of the system generation cost, bus voltage profile, and locational marginal pricing (LMP) are also studied in this work. LMP is the main parameter responsible for handling the system economy (i.e., profit of generating units and profit of customers). Considering the variable nature of wind flow, three different real-time wind speed datasets are used to validate this work. Bus sensitivity factor (BSF) is considered for equating the optimal position of the wind farm in the integrated system. Five different optimization techniques, i.e., sequential quadratic programming (SQP), artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms, particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, and slime mold algorithm (SMA), are introduced to solve the optimal power flow problem. The SMA and ACO are used for the first time in this type of economic assessment (i.e., impact valuation of LMP) in a deregulated power system, which is the novelty of this work. The entire work is performed in a modified IEEE 30 bus test system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article refers to the issue of social policy conducted by the Polish government, namely the "Family 500+" program, which was established to financially support Polish families. The concept of the program is constantly changing due to the growing needs of the society. The main purpose of the article is to obtain feedback on how the inhabitants of the Lubelskie Voivodeship receiving the "Family 500+" benefit perceive this program. The publication presents theoretical considerations as well as empirical research on the "Family 500+" program in the opinion of households that receive the benefit and live in the Lubelskie voivodeship.

The article analyses the modern and retrospective international and national regulations in the field of space activities. It is emphasized that the long-term program of space research proves the maturity and competence that we have yet to demonstrate. The development of such a program (rather, doctrine) is beyond the preparation of a formal document. The challenges we have outlined are about the role of the space doctrine in the system of conceptual documents defining the areas of the space sector’s sustainable development. In the study, the dialectical materialist method of in the cognition of the objective reality enables to analyze of comprehensively doctrinal provisions in developing the concept “Space doctrine.” The empirical research was based on the statistical and analytical materials: World Trade Organization Annual Report 2019, the Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities for 2018, Aeronautics and Space Report of the President — Fiscal Year 2019 Activities, the statistical data and reports of the State Space Agency of Ukraine (SSAU) for 1997-2020. The study leads to a number of conclusions. The implementation of the future Space doctrine should be a shift from the initial state of affairs to the new model of space activities and the sustainable development of the space industry. The study reveals three levels of Space doctrine: basic, strategic, and tactical (operational).

The emerging multi-microgrid technology owes its popularity to its ability to reduce the main grid burden congestion through optimal utilization of clean energy generating sources. Integration of a multi-microgrid network with the main grid acts as a major boost to the overall reliability of the power system. A novel energy management system approach is proposed in this work which exhaustively caters to all possible situations which may arise in a grid-connected multi-microgrid network during the scheduling of power exchange, a day ahead of the actual dispatch. A multi-agent control system is implemented in this work in order to facilitate information exchange in a multi-microgrid network for a deregulated framework of electricity market. The novelty of the research lies in the manner, the available renewable energy sources are utilized optimally, while maximizing social benefit of the overall multi-microgrid network. Also, the feasibility of the grid-connected multi-microgrid network is justified in the results obtained where the MGCC (Micro Grid Central Controller) decisions are presented, based on the optimization results. The developed approach is successfully implemented on two test microgrids proposed to be located in the Tuticorin city of Tamil Nadu state, India. The test microgrids are a modification of the standard PJM 5 bus system. Indian utility 62 bus system for Tamil Nadu state is utilized as the main grid interconnected with the proposed multi-microgrid network for power sharing purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Influenza vaccine uptake remains low worldwide, inflicting substantial costs to public health. Messages promoting social welfare have been shown to increase vaccination intentions, and it has been recommended that health professionals communicate the socially beneficial aspects of vaccination. We provide the first test whether this prosocial vaccination hypothesis applies to actual vaccination behaviour of high-risk patients. Methods In a field experiment at a tertiary care public hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, we compare the effects of two motivational messages for promoting vaccination. Using a between-subjects single-blind experimental design patients were randomly assigned to frames emphasizing the vaccine’s benefits to self (n = 125) or social benefits (n = 119). Free influenza vaccination was offered to each patient. Results Among 222 patients who were not vaccinated for the season prior to the study (72% medically assessed to be at high risk), 42% in the self-benefit frame chose to receive a vaccination compared with 34% in the social-benefits frame, but the difference was not statistically significant (aOR = 1.63, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.95, p = 0.108). Reasons for vaccination focused primarily on self-benefit (67%) rather than social-benefit (5%). Exploratory analysis showed that the effect of messages depended on patient perception of risk group membership (aORHigh / aORLow = 5.59, 95% CI 1.30 to 24.05, p = 0.021). In particular, emphasis on self-benefit was more influential among patients who perceived themselves to be in the risk group (aOR = 6.22, 95% CI 1.69 to 22.88, p = 0.006). Conclusions In contrast to the literature observing intentions of low-risk populations, we found no evidence that social-benefit motivates actual vaccination behaviour among a high-risk patient population. Instead, those who self-categorize as being in the high risk group are more motivated by the self-benefit message. Our results suggest that a stratified approach can improve coverage: even if an emphasis on social-benefit could be effective among low-risk groups, an emphasis on self-benefit holds more promise for increasing vaccination in medical organizational settings where high-risk groups are prevalent. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04230343 Retrospectively registered on the 13th January 2020.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is attracting extensive attention and being widely applied to reduce postoperative stress and accelerate recovery. However, the economic benefits of ERAS are less clarified at the social level. We aimed to assess the economic impact of ERAS in hepatectomy from the perspectives of patients, hospitals and society, as well as identify the approach to create the economic benefits of ERAS. Methods: By combining the literature and national statistical data, the cost-effectiveness framework was clarified, and parameter values were determined. Cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis and cost-minimisation analysis were used to compare ERAS and conventional treatment from the perspectives of patients, hospitals and society. The capital flow diagram was used to analyse the change between them. Results: ERAS significantly reduced the economic burden of disease on patients ($8935.02 vs $10,470.02). The hospital received an incremental benefit in ERAS (the incremental benefit cost ratio value is 1.09), and the total social cost was reduced ($5958.67 vs $6725.80). Capital flow diagram analysis demonstrated that the average daily cost per capita in the ERAS group increased ($669.51 vs $589.98), whereas the benefits depended on the reduction of hospital stay and productivity loss. Conclusion: The mechanism by which ERAS works is to reduce the average length of stay, thereby reducing the economic burden and productivity loss on patients and promoting the hospital bed turnover rate. Therefore, ERAS should further focus on accelerating the rehabilitation process, and more economic support (such as subsidies) should be given to hospitals to carry out ERAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)