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Argumentation is a social situation that enables individuals to construct arguments either in favor of or against a particular position. It also facilitates the recognition, evaluation, and consideration of both their viewpoints and those of their peers. The cognitive advantages of this process are boundless, allowing for epistemic change and the collaborative construction of meaning with others. This article aims to exemplify the occurrence of argumentative episodes at three developmental stages. Three examples of interactional situations were presented: a. Argumentative episodes created by 5 - and 6-year-olds through various types of verbal expressions; b. socio-cognitive composition, social-emotional affinity, and argumentative episodes in the collaborative comprehension of frequency tables in sixth and seventh grade; and c. group composition and argumentation in resolving a dilemma task among university students. In the three scenarios described, the prevalence of argumentative episodes varies: young children tend to produce a simple type of argument (i.e., responding to a question) whereas older subjects present more complex arguments (involving conflict). The emergence of the more complex type of argumentative episode is contingent on the development of a set of cognitive skills over one's lifetime. As they grow, the influence of social interaction variables becomes increasingly significant. Our studies underscore the educational significance of argumentation, owing to its dual communicative and social functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has paralysed many countries' social and economic lives. COVID-19 has pushed the world towards drastic social distancing and sterilisation measures to limit the spread and impact of the infection. However, it remains unclear what the long-term physical, psychological, socio-economic, and political decisions will be and their consequences. Scientists today have a great responsibility to study this period. Therefore, expert data contributes to the individual and collective development of citizens. The analytical method used in this study involved a theoretical analysis of publications on social and human sciences from the Scopus database, mainly focusing on the year 2020, to develop a framework for understanding the societal repercussions of the pandemic. The study defines a wide range of social consequences and effects of COVID-19, shows the impact pandemic on education in the context of social policy, establishes the socio-political and economic consequences of COVID-19, and substantiates psychological reactions to COVID-19. A review of the literature can help determine the impact of COVID-19 on social policy. Based on the analysis of the papers, it can be concluded that COVID-19 has increased inequality, widened the gap between the rich and the poor, and threatened the stability of society in low-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Luciérnaga - Comunicación is the property of Politechnico Colombian Jaime Isaza Cadavid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Criminología, Criminalística y Seguridad Privada is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Criminologia Capitulo Nuevo Leon, A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Anagramas is the property of Editorial Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Umbral is the property of Revista Umbral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper addresses the challenges the social and human sciences face in the COVID-19 epidemic/pandemic. This review refers only to a few aspects, approaching the so-called Ginzburg evidential paradigm by stating that "reality is opaque; there are privileged areas - signs, indications - that make us decipher it". In general, research in the social and human sciences focused on the health crisis is fundamental: First statement: both in the disease spread period and the post-pandemic period. Second statement: the epidemic is not restricted to a viral event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Analecta Política is the property of Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Problematic: in a context of risk, the reputation of an organization is affected by the expectations of its members. Consequently, the prestige of the organization is a function of the future needs of its members, when they converge on a common purpose and task. Objectives: to establish the structure of expectations around the reputation of a higher education institution (HEI), comparing the literature review with the responses to a survey. Materials and methods: an exploratory, cross-sectional and psychometric study was carried out with a sample of 100 students. Results: the structure of seven factors was established (follow-up, adherence, counseling, interview, mediation, promotion and follow-up) that supported 82% of the total variance explained. In other words, corporate reputation is explained through the relationship between these seven factors, as they clarify the internal and external expectations of the public institution. Discussion: the study's contribution to the state of knowledge lies in the testing of a structural equation model to explain corporate reputation in a public university. The seven established factors follow the same relationships reported in the selected literature, although the percentage of the variance explained suggests the inclusion of an eighth factor, identified as corporate image. These are expectations external to the institution that place it in accordance with the medium-term objectives. Conclusion: corporate reputation is linked to accompaniment as a preponderant factor. It means, then, that both internally and externally the university is distinguished by its degree of attention and monitoring of academic rights. Consequently, educational policies can be evaluated from corporate reputation as an indicator of participation and governance. Contribution / originality: the reliability and validity of an instrument that measured seven dimensions of corporate reputation was established.

In order to understand the dynamics in which the territory is thought of and interfered with, to lead to the displacement and dispossession of the population by armed or administrative means, 87 interviews with social leaders between 2019-2021 were carried out to allow for a historical analysis of processes associated with the occupation of lands in the department of Meta, under the Monster-Monstrosity relationship associated with technology from the mechanical methods of the State and / or the bioinformatics methods of the market. The results expose a territory that begins in the body, as a biopolitical and bioeconomic space of confrontation. The above is analyzed through the metaphors of the romantic cowboy, the man-eater, the land-of- the-future, and the post-organic cowboy, exposing a nomadic thought with a spirit of intellectual resistance and historical emancipation. It is concluded that the semiological character of daily life with technology allows for the empowerment, the visibility, and the political-economic reconfiguration of the territory [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Criminología, Criminalística y Seguridad Privada is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Criminologia Capitulo Nuevo Leon, A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to contribute to the critical understanding of how International Relations (IR) was built as a social science field within Brazil's modern project. I argue that the foundation and the development of IR in Brazil in the twentieth century is closely associated with foreign policy, on the one hand, and with the national geopolitical thinking, particularly in the aftermath of the Second World War, on the other. In its trajectory, Brazil's IR has been influenced, among others, by the analysis of domestic and systemic determinants of foreign policy, historical interpretations, the study of the components of state power, studies of diplomacy and its contribution to the country's development, the analysis of decision-making processes and to a lesser extent, cognitive approaches. This article is organised around three sections. First, I present a brief history of the geopolitical tradition in Brazil's IR. Second, I discuss IR development in Brazil, stressing the role of diplomats, the key contribution of intellectuals coming from social and human sciences, and finally the emergence of the first generations of IR scholars in the eighties. Third, I analyse the institutionalisation of the field, its quantitative and qualitative growth, presenting some data on its organisation in recent times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is part of the research project ‘Teaching and learning of social and human sciences from an interdisciplinary perspective and approach to social problems’. We present the analysis of the information and data obtained from a questionnaire completed by teachers from the area of ​​various schools in Río Negro and Neuquén, Argentina. Our objective is to identify and analyze the treatment of social problems carried out by the Social and Human Sciences teachers and how they contribute to the development of social thinking in high school students from two provinces of North Patagonia, from an interdisciplinary approach. Within this framework, we share the assessments made by teachers on interdisciplinary work in the area, the social problems they select to organize their teaching proposals and the perspectives that guide the conceptions of social problems and interdisciplinarity.

There is a solid growth of quantum theory in that there is quantum physics, quantum chemistry, quantum biology, and a robust technology based on quantum behaviors and effects - to name but the most solid examples of the development and enhancement of quantum science. Quantum science is by and large the most robust theory, ever. However, to date there is a gap between quantum physics and the social sciences, for very little has been said about their interplay. This paper discusses the importance of a relationship between quantum science and the social sciences, and the entailment of such a relation. It offers a brief state-of-the-art, and discusses the very significance of quantum social science.

"Anthropocene" has been trending in environmental circles since the onset of the new millennium. It first caught public attention when scientists used it to describe the human impact on Earth's biosphere. Soon, also a lively discussion started amongst environmentalists perturbed by the destruction of earth's biosphere, because of human induced climate change. In the field of environmental and earth sciences there followed a strong initiative for a new geological epoch called the "Anthropocene". It implied that the current scientific stratigraphic dating system of the Earth requires revision. Humankind is said to have disrupted the global support system of life on planet Earth to the extent that we are heading for an imminent disaster. Resource scarcity, environmental destruction and climate change are considered as the symptoms of these human activities. In the early phase of the emergent public discourse the pronounced human ecological footprint was said to have started with the onset of the eighteenth century's British Industrial Revolution. By the early 2000s scientists, activists and politicians warned we were heading towards an imminent crisis. The large-scale extermination of many living organisms was said to have pointed directly to human resource over-consumption. Humankind has now left a profound imprint on geological processes that previously were shaped only by nature. Geologists have not yet reached consensus on an "Anthropocene epoch". One group views climate change as a natural process. Working in strictly demarcated parameters of so-called "golden spikes" registering in sophisticated geoscientific classification hierarchies, many are critical of collaboration with non-geological scientists. They insist that traces of the "human footprint" in most parts of the planet, do qualify as indicators of a new geological epoch. Several geoscientists have come out in support of the idea of an Anthropocene epoch. An outstanding feature of their approach to geoscience has been to integrate the field into comprehensive interdisciplinary study groups focusing on the effects of human activities on earth. Geological sciences, they insist, should now focus more on the present. The focus of working on the past -- primarily on Earth's history "before humankind" -- should shift to the present and the imminent future. In 2018, the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) rejected a proposal for the formalisation of the Anthropocene by a specialised Anthropocene Working Group (AWG). Yet, the debate continues in the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). It may take several years before the Anthropocene epoch is formally accepted. In the discipline of History, the discussion on the Anthropocene implies that the natural and social/human sciences should move forward towards a new historical consciousness of a distant past and explore contemporary history with a view to the future. There have been several calls for a more integrated endeavour and ethical self-consciousness for contemplating Earth's past, present and future. SUMMARY OF CONTENT This brief overview concerns the origins of the concept "Anthropocene" at the start of the new millennium in the 2000s. The reader is familiarised with definitions of the term and its use by the Nobel Laureate, Paul Crutzen. The word Anthropocene, first coined in 1922 by Russia's Aleksei Pavlov (1854--1929), forms part of Crutzen's assessment of Teilhardt de Chardin and Vernadsky's conception of a noösphere that emerged in the 20th century as an impressive assemblage of integrated knowledge. Crutzen's discontent with the term "global change" in the field of atmospheric science, sparked off a discussion on the new "Anthropocene epoch" in international science institutions. Simultaneously, global society, especially environmental activists, started using the term to describe the profound changes in Earth's natural systems as a result of rapid human-induced disruptions of natural systems. The United Nations Organisation created an awareness among its member states on a critical phase of human-induced change on planet Earth. Of growing concern was global climate change, pollution, and the destruction of Earth's life-sustaining natural ecosystems. The positive mainstream response to the Anthropocene as a new terminological twist in the discourse, had its origins in the 1960s when environmental awareness fl ourished primarily in Western democracies in all parts of the world. Mounting fears, inter alia, about fossil fuel that induced acid rain, causing respiratory problems for plants and humans living in urban industrial complexes all over the planet contributed to a sense of environmental awareness. Therefore, the subsequent call for an Anthropocene epoch, came at a time when globalisation and modern communications systems had extended at exponential rates in all parts of the world. Aware of waste accumulation, air pollution and anthropogenic destruction of ecosystems, mainstream global human society readily embraced the idea of the Anthropocene as a moral commitment to the environment. However, in academia, the concept was slow to gain traction. Despite several preliminary forays on the topic, the first comprehensive geosciences research on the Anthropocene only emerged in the 2010s. That was after the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) and the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) established an Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) to explore the idea of a new epoch -- one which had the potential to factually verify the end of the Holocene in the comprehensive field of geosciences. The institutional politics of engagement between a mature "establishment" and a group of courageous and well-informed mavericks and their growing support base in other disciplines, sheds light on a creative research phase in many academic circles. There is evidence of interaction, multi-faceted and transdisciplinary research, as well as a pronounced shift in making use of history -- in the context of the past, the present and even the future -- to develop complex and advanced database modelling systems to make new assessments and predictions. But obstacles remain. In 2018 the ICS declined a request for the approval of the Anthropocene as a new geological epoch. Yet, supporters of the new "epoch" remained determined to persevere in the realisation of their objective. By engaging with experts in a variety of natural and social/human sciences, a new and mainly younger generation of geoscientists gained valuable ethical insights. In many cases they have not been over-eager to summarily accept new trends and potentially "spurious" thinking on long held views of earth's intrinsic history. The lively ongoing debate has attracted more participation of researchers working beyond the natural sciences to explore the Anthropocene as a comprehensive expression of an undesirable human domination and wanton destruction of Earth's biodiversity. There are indications of cross-fertilisation in advanced thinking on the Anthropocene in a variety of disciplines. In terms of history and its philosophy, a sense of cohesion in the natural sciences and social/human sciences has emerged from collaborative thinking about the Anthropocene. In the discipline of History there is a keen awareness of the need to explore new methodologies, but a collective historical consciousness remains problematic. For example, historians working in the field of hermeneutics acknowledge their limitations of insight into emergent views on the history of nature. Their historical consciousness is often too confined to customary knowledge of specific human cultures and places. However, there are indications of far more comprehensive forays into incorporating new ideas in the natural sciences. Several well-informed historians have promoted the need for the reconsideration and relevance of current source materials and existing methodologies. JR McNeill, for one, recently called on a new generation of historians to focus on an array of new technologies and ideas previously inaccessible to historians, to shed light on the past and the present in exploring the Anthropocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the handbook of indicators with which the comparative research on the insitutionalization of several academic disciplines in the social sciences and humanities has been organised within the EU-funded project INTERCO-SSH. The project studied the historical trajectories of seven disciplines (anthropology, economcs, literature, philosophy, political science, psychology, sociology) in seven countries (Argentina, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, United Kingdom) since 1945.

Book review of Heilbron, Johan, Sorá, Gustavo, and Boncourt, Thibaud (eds). 2018. The Social and Human Sciences in Global Power Relations. London: Palgrave. 371 pp. ISBN 978-3-319-73298-5 Price: €128,39

A low response rate to European programs and a short English-language bibliometric literature make French education and training sciences (ETS) regarded as little invested in international relationships. However, the creation of a database of researchers and doctoral students during the period of 2014-2018 contradicts this interpretation. Why such distortion? The quantitative study of the base makes it possible to formulate two observations: 1) an important commitment of the teams in multidisciplinary and multicultural approaches answering the requirement of the international institutions and the contemporary stakes in the matter; 2) the absence of support and promotion of national institutions stems from a conception of science activity measurement which does not match the practices of scientific discipline. Scientific and academic, but also socio-political and professional, standpoints differ in the two analyzes; which leads to questioning the relationship that scientific discipline maintains with the international standardization of evaluation. This article questions the hierarchy of disciplines, cultures and forms of research for the benefit of international cooperation in the 21st century with a view to human development.

The analysis and the discursive relation of Library Science can be undertaken from different currents of thought. In this work we focus on the Library Science discourses with the Social and Human Sciences; in particular, with the current of thought entitled "construction of the social". This strand seeks to understand no more totalities or structures, but the individual and his social actions. For this discussion in the field of Social and Human Sciences in dialogue with the Library Science discourses the following authors were convened: Alfaro-Lopez (2010), Rendón-Rojas (2000), Brown-César (2000) and David Lankes (2015). The understanding of the knowledge that forms part of the discourse of Library Science allows a more in-depth view of this scientific field, bringing also light to the broader context of the Social and Human Sciences, where it is inserted as a specific modality of thought.

Copyright of Pensamiento y Acción Multidisciplinaria is the property of Universidad Catolica del Maule. Escuela de Trabajo Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article corresponds to a practical experience on the difficulties experienced in higher education by a blind student, from the mathematical logic course, raised with a philosophy of complex thought and logic of the third party included; the methodology adopted is part of the protocol established by the educational institution and is adapted to the real conditions by the interdisciplinary support team, in search of the student achieving the proposed objectives; the problem corresponds to the learning of graphic concepts in mathematical logic for its adequate performance; Such compliance is evidenced by the assessment issued by the virtual tutor, online evaluation and support tutor; As a result, the score of 3.8 out of 5 is highlighted, in conclusion it is understood that blindness should not be a cause of obstacle in the student's life project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Education et Socialisation is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Momento: Revista de Física is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este artículo se presenta la experiencia práctica de evaluación de la investigación en el ámbito de humanidades que realiza la Agència per a la Qualitat del Sistema Universitari de Catalunya de las persones candidatas a ser profesores universitarios que solicitan una acreditación previa de su trayectoria académica. El objetivo del artículo es explicar las características de estos procesos de acreditación, haciendo énfasis especial en el caso concreto de las disciplinas de carácter humanístico, en las que se observan elementos singulares respecto otros ámbitos científicos que añaden una mayor complejidad. En este sentido, al ser las evaluaciones indirectas, a partir de los indicios de calidad de las publicaciones científicas donde se publica la investigación, esto condiciona enormemente los procesos de evaluación. Así, teniendo en cuenta las recientes aportaciones metodológicas sobre la evaluación de la investigación, como por ejemplo el Manifiesto de Leiden o la Declaración de San Francisco, se concluye la necesidad de evitar aproximaciones meramente cuantitativas, de forma que la evaluación sea respetuosa con la comunidad de investigadores en humanidades, que, por otro lado, debate la mejor manera de abordar la evaluación de su actividad de investigación. This article describes the practical aspects of the evaluation undertaken by the Catalan University Quality Assurance Agency (Agència per a la Qualitat del Sistema Universitari de Catalunya, AQU Catalunya) of candidate university lecturers in humanities whose academic profile needs to be accredited. The article describes the features of the accreditation process in general and the evaluation of humanities research in particular, which is more complex than it is with other types of research because of certain aspects: for example, the fact that the evaluations are indirect and use the quality indicators of scientific journals that publish such research, which conditions the accreditation process in important ways. In consideration of the recent methodological contributions to evaluating research made by the Leiden Manifesto and the San Francisco Declaration, the article concludes that evaluators need to avoid exclusively quantitative approaches to their assessment of humanities research, which should be respectful of this research community, and that further debate is needed on the best approaches to the task at hand.

En aquest article es presenta l'experiència pràctica de l'avaluació de la recerca en l'àmbit d'humanitats que fa l'Agència per a la Qualitat del Sistema Universitari de Catalunya de les persones candidates a ser professors universitaris que demanen una acreditació prèvia de la seva trajectòria acadèmica. L'objectiu de l'article és explicar les característiques d'aquests processos d'acreditació, amb un èmfasi especial en el cas concret de les disciplines de caràcter humanístic, en què s'observen elements singulars respecte d'altres àmbits científics que hi afegeixen una complexitat més gran. En aquest sentit, el fet que les avaluacions siguin indirectes, a partir dels indicis de qualitat de les publicacions científiques en què es publica la recerca, condiciona enormement els processos d'avaluació. Així, tenint present les recents aportacions metodològiques sobre l'avaluació de la recerca, com per exemple el Manifest de Leiden o la Declaració de San Francisco, es conclou la necessitat d'evitar aproximacions merament quantitatives, de forma que l'avaluació sigui respectuosa amb la comunitat d'investigadors d'humanitats, que, d'altra banda, debat la millor manera d'abordar l'avaluació de la seva activitat de recerca. This article describes the practical aspects of the evaluation undertaken by the Catalan University Quality Assurance Agency (Agència per a la Qualitat del Sistema Universitari de Catalunya, AQU Catalunya) of candidate university lecturers in humanities whose academic profile needs to be accredited. The article describes the features of the accreditation process in general and the evaluation of humanities research in particular, which is more complex than it is with other types of research because of certain aspects: for example, the fact that the evaluations are indirect and use the quality indicators of scientific journals that publish such research, which conditions the accreditation process in important ways. In consideration of the recent methodological contributions to evaluating research made by the Leiden Manifesto and the San Francisco Declaration, the article concludes that evaluators need to avoid exclusively quantitative approaches to their assessment of humanities research, which should be respectful of this research community, and that further debate is needed on the best approaches to the task at hand.

Copyright of Revista Interamericana de Bibliotecologia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Escuela Interamericana de Bibliotecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To describe the organization and literacy practices of a Spanish-speaking scanlation community (a group of fans who collaborate on the Internet to scan, translate and distribute mangas) by examining the community members’ roles and activities, the online environments in which they work and the resources they use. -- Methodology: The study employed cyberethnographic techniques to create and analyse a database comprising 97 videos of onscreen activity, 32 transcripts of comments drawn from Facebook, blogs, forums and chats, 96 scanned manga chapters and, finally, six semi-structured interviews. -- Results: The scanlation community in question assigned its members specific roles (of cleaning, translating, typesetting or correcting) and the members worked in a variety of online environments (email, Facebook, forums and chats). Members interacted to negotiate the development of projects, troubleshoot and exchange knowledge and expertise. Their literacy practices were regulated by the shared culture of scanlation communities as these exist worldwide, evidenced in the existence of a set of ethical standards, a common repertory of tools (translators, dictionaries, inventories of fonts, etc.) and a series of specific, socially valued semiotic practices (such as maintaining Japanese honorific suffixes in translations). This sophisticated level of organization challenges the notion that the cultural products of these vernacular and plurilingual practices are merely the result of their individual members’ creativity or of the spontaneous collaboration between them.

Copyright of Contemporary Issues / Suvremene Teme is the property of Centar za Politoloska Istrazivanja and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The precariousness that prevails today refers not only to equity and social and political justice, or job insecurity, but also to the aspirations to lasting affective relationships, so it involves the totality of human existence. When precariousness becomes a daily life condition, adjustments in our lives are often less viable and even unimaginable. The proposed framework makes clear that our access to what we call "a good life", based on ideals of the past, is restricted precisely by our desires and aspirations. Different understandings of precariousness in the so-called affective turn in the social sciences and in feminism will be analyzed. The precariousness of the "promise of happiness" of Sara Ahmed and the "cruel optimism" of Lauren Berlant will be dwelt on. Finally, affective dimensions that encourage alternatives for both: life in common and social change, will be investigated to reconfigure this overall picture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Describir el funcionamiento y las prácticas letradas de una comunidad hispana de scanlation (escaneado, traducción y distribución de mangas a cargo de grupos de fans del género que se coordinan en Internet) atendiendo a los roles de sus miembros, sus actividades, los contextos y los recursos que utilizan. -- Metodología: Empleando técnicas de la etnografía virtual, compilamos y analizamos una base de datos compuesta por: 97 vídeos de actividad de pantalla; 32 transcripciones de comentarios en páginas de Facebook, blogs, foros y chats; 96 capítulos escaneados de mangas; y 6 entrevistas semiestructuradas. -- Resultados: La comunidad divide el trabajo en funciones interdependientes (limpieza, traducción, composición tipográfica y corrección de mangas) asignadas a miembros particulares. Estos utilizan diversos espacios virtuales (correo electrónico, páginas de Facebook, foros y chats) para interactuar, negociar la elaboración de los proyectos, ayudarse en problemas concretos e intercambiar conocimientos. Esas prácticas letradas están reguladas por la cultura compartida de las comunidades de scanlation de todo el globo, tal como reflejan la existencia de una normativa ética, un repertorio común de herramientas (traductores, diccionarios, inventarios de fuentes tipográficas, etc.) y una serie de prácticas semióticas específicas, socialmente valoradas (como el mantenimiento de los honoríficos japoneses en las traducciones). Esa organización sofisticada desafía la concepción de que los productos culturales elaborados en esas prácticas vernáculas y plurilingües responden solo a la creatividad individual o a la colaboración espontánea de sus miembros. Objective: To describe the organization and literacy practices of a Spanish-speaking scanlation community (a group of fans who collaborate on the Internet to scan, translate and distribute mangas) by examining the community members’ roles and activities, the online environments in which they work and the resources they use. -- Methodology: The study employed cyberethnographic techniques to create and analyse a database comprising 97 videos of onscreen activity, 32 transcripts of comments drawn from Facebook, blogs, forums and chats, 96 scanned manga chapters and, finally, six semi-structured interviews. -- Results: The scanlation community in question assigned its members specific roles (of cleaning, translating, typesetting or correcting) and the members worked in a variety of online environments (email, Facebook, forums and chats). Members interacted to negotiate the development of projects, troubleshoot and exchange knowledge and expertise. Their literacy practices were regulated by the shared culture of scanlation communities as these exist worldwide, evidenced in the existence of a set of ethical standards, a common repertory of tools (translators, dictionaries, inventories of fonts, etc.) and a series of specific, socially valued semiotic practices (such as maintaining Japanese honorific suffixes in translations). This sophisticated level of organization challenges the notion that the cultural products of these vernacular and plurilingual practices are merely the result of their individual members’ creativity or of the spontaneous collaboration between them.

Objectiu: Descriure el funcionament i les pràctiques lletrades d'una comunitat hispana de scanlation (escaneig, traducció i distribució de mangues a càrrec de grups de fans del gènere que es coordinen a Internet) atenent els rols dels membres, les activitats, els contextos i els recursos que utilitzen. -- Metodologia: Emprant tècniques de l'etnografia virtual, es compila i s'analitza una base de dades composta per 97 vídeos d'activitat de pantalla; 32 transcripcions de comentaris en pàgines del Facebook, blogs, fòrums i xats; 96 capítols escanejats de mangues, i 6 entrevistes semiestructurades. -- Resultats: La comunitat divideix el treball en funcions interdependents (neteja, traducció, composició tipogràfica i correcció de mangues) assignades a determinats membres. Aquests utilitzen diversos espais virtuals (correu electrònic, pàgines del Facebook, fòrums i xats) per interactuar, negociar l'elaboració dels projectes, ajudar-se en problemes concrets i intercanviar coneixements. Aquestes pràctiques lletrades estan regulades per la cultura compartida de les comunitats de scanlation de tot el planeta, tal com reflecteixen l'existència d'una normativa ètica, un repertori comú d'eines (traductors, diccionaris, inventaris de fonts tipogràfiques, etc.) i una sèrie de pràctiques semiòtiques específiques, socialment valorades (com ara el manteniment dels tractaments honorífics japonesos en les traduccions). Aquesta organització sofisticada desafia la concepció que els productes culturals elaborats en aquestes pràctiques vernacles i plurilingües responen només a la creativitat individual o la col·laboració espontània dels seus membres. Objective: To describe the organization and literacy practices of a Spanish-speaking scanlation community (a group of fans who collaborate on the Internet to scan, translate and distribute mangas) by examining the community members’ roles and activities, the online environments in which they work and the resources they use. -- Methodology: The study employed cyberethnographic techniques to create and analyse a database comprising 97 videos of onscreen activity, 32 transcripts of comments drawn from Facebook, blogs, forums and chats, 96 scanned manga chapters and, finally, six semi-structured interviews. -- Results: The scanlation community in question assigned its members specific roles (of cleaning, translating, typesetting or correcting) and the members worked in a variety of online environments (email, Facebook, forums and chats). Members interacted to negotiate the development of projects, troubleshoot and exchange knowledge and expertise. Their literacy practices were regulated by the shared culture of scanlation communities as these exist worldwide, evidenced in the existence of a set of ethical standards, a common repertory of tools (translators, dictionaries, inventories of fonts, etc.) and a series of specific, socially valued semiotic practices (such as maintaining Japanese honorific suffixes in translations). This sophisticated level of organization challenges the notion that the cultural products of these vernacular and plurilingual practices are merely the result of their individual members’ creativity or of the spontaneous collaboration between them.

El segle XXI ha dut la irrupció significativa de les tecnologies de la informació en la recerca desenvolupada a l'àrea de les humanitats. La intervenció de les unitats d'informació, especialment de les biblioteques universitàries, ha tingut —i ha de tenir encara— un paper significatiu en processos com la digitalització, però també en la formació i divulgació dels recursos. El folklore, com a disciplina d'humanitats, no està exempt d'aquesta evolució. En aquest context s'analitza el MOMFER, un recurs en línia que millora substancialment l'ús del Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk Literature. Això no obstant, atès l'ambiciós objectiu perquè l'eina sigui la base d'un índex complet universal, caldrà capacitat de lideratge, i, segurament, habilitar o desenvolupar espais vinculats de col·laboració virtual. The twentieth century has brought significant emergence of information technology in research carried out in the area of the humanities. The intervention of information units, especially university libraries, has played -and must still have- a significant role in processes such as scanning, but also in training and dissemination of resources. Folklore as a discipline of humanities is not exempt from this evolution. This is the context where MOMFER is analyzed, an online resource that substantially improves the use of Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk Literature. However, considering the ambitious goal for which the tool forms the basis of a comprehensive universal index, leadership will be required; and surely, to enable or to develop linked spaces of virtual collaboration.

In order to be able to speak about what are social and human sciences in their epistemological discussion, it might be of use the analysis that some authors such as Kuhn, Laudan, Popper and Gadamer have said around the term "tradition" for the Philosophy of Science in general and its implications within the discussions in the Philosophy of Social and Human Sciences.

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Copyright of Boletin de Antropologia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)