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The objective of this study to investigating and predicting the hazardous effects of monthly Ferrin temperature on horticultural and agricultural products at the North bar of Iran. For this purpose, the first stage data were obtained for the whole station temperature over a period of 30 years. Then, using Anfis adaptive neural network model, the data were analyzed for prediction and prediction for the next 6 years. Then, to measure the land suitability of Iran's northern strip for cultivating based on the predicted data, two models of Vikor and Topsis were used. Both the Topsis and Vikor multivariate decision making models combined the minimum temperature of the stations well, but did not reflect well at the maximum temperature in the worst-priority stations. According to the findings of the study, with respect to the friction frain modeling, the maximum temperature showed the lowest defect compared to the minimum temperature. In Golestan province, the maximum temperature peaks and at least both are in weak increment, but in Gilan province, the maximum temperature peaks and at least both the maximum and maximum temperatures are higher. Mazandaran province showed maximum temperature and minimum temperature in both incremental and minimum temperature conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy estimation of actual evapotranspiration by using Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) in comparison with FAO-Penman-Monteith method in Landsat and MODIS images in Malayer County of Iran. In this study, Landsat 8 and MODIS images of 2013 were used. Result showed that there are not many differences between SEBAL and FAOPenman- Monteith methods in estimation of evapotranspiration. According to the aim of the study, result showed that MODIS sensor with high accuracy have calculated evapotranspiration more accurately than Landsat 8 by RMSE = 1.004 and MBE = 0.0033 respectively in surface temperature estimation which has great effect on estimation of the net radiation flux, soil heat flux and the sensible heat flux. On the other hand, according to low spatial resolution of MODIS sensor, we can conclude that this sensor has less value for zoning of evapotranspiration than Landsat 8 image according to the area topography and heterogeneous land uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays Renewable energies in the world take special place for them, and many distributed generations (DGs) in the power system utilize these types of energy sources. Due to the DGs advantages, including using of Renewable Energy which not polluting environment and has endless nature, the use of these resources to produce electrical energy in the world are increasing. One problem with such generators is an unwanted Islanding phenomenon. This paper introduces a passive method for detection of island condition in eclectically-interfaced distributed resource units at the distribution voltage level. This method based on composed of current and voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF). In order to detection, out put current of DG and load voltage and frequency of load voltage are measuring. In connected mode THD and ROCOF almost have zero amounts but when islanding is occurred THD and ROCOF have been changing. In this paper too have been shown that the proposed method don't encroach from IEEE1547 standard. And the proposed method detected island mode lesser from 2 second. This profess has been shown by simulation in MATLAB software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear characteristics of the wind speed and generator model in wind energy conversion systems (WECS) demands for high-quality adaptive controllers to ensure both its stability and performance. In this paper, two novel controllers for doubly fed induction machine are used in generating mode for large scale grid - connected variable speed wind turbines. To enhance the close loop performance, one of these controllers is proposed as a conventional PID controller that its coefficients are tuned using a learning algorithm named; Reinforcement Learning (RL) and another controller is a robust learning fuzzy controller which is used to fulfill the same aim. In both these two proposed controllers, maximizing power including speed and torque control is considered. The simulation results substantiate the suitable behaviors of the proposed controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its involvement in skin maintenance and repair, topical administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is an interesting strategy for therapeutic purposes. We have formulated and characterized a topical rhGH-loaded liposomal formulation (rhGH-Lip) and evaluated its safety, biological activity, and preventive role against UVB-induced skin damage. The rhGH-Lip had an average size and zeta potential of 63 nm and -33 mV, respectively, with 70 % encapsulation efficiency. The formulation was stable at 4 °C for at least one year. The SDS-PAGE and circular dichroism results showed no structural alterations in rhGH upon encapsulation. In vitro, studies in HaCaT, HFFF-2, and Ba/F3-rhGHR cell lines confirmed the safety and biological activity of rhGH-Lip. Franz diffusion cell study showed increased rhGH skin permeation compared to free rhGH. Animal studies in nude mice showed that liposomal rhGH prevented UVB-induced epidermal hyperplasia, angiogenesis, wrinkle formation, and collagen loss, as well as improving skin moisture. The results of this study show that rhGH-Lip is a stable, safe, and effective skin delivery system and has potential as an anti-wrinkle formulation for topical application. This study also provides a new method for the topical delivery of proteins and merits further investigation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The current paper aims to model the uncertainties of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system and control its main parameters, such as compressor speed and oxygen excess ratio, in the presence of external disturbances and actuator saturation using the improved controller, which is designed based on the sum of squares relaxation for nonlinear models. The open-loop nonlinear system is considered in state-dependent polynomial equations. The state feedback method is used to obtain the appropriate control responses. To numerically solve the state-dependent Linear Matrix Inequalities, semi-definite programming based on the sum of squares decomposition is also used. First, the transient response of the system is improved in the design phase of the controller. Then, the actuator saturation problem of PEMFC is considered for the state feedback controller proposed in polynomial systems, and the obtained results are expanded for the uncertain system. Results are also validated in the presence of external disturbances. The results are compared with those of the robust and adaptive control methods. The proposed controller not only has good agreement with the results of robust and adaptive control methods but also outperforms the previous controllers in terms of accuracy, rise time, fluctuation, and overshoot., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Individuals who are infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) suffer from numerous dermatoses. These disorders are often more severe than those observed in non HIV-infected persons afflicted with the same diseases. Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory papulosquamous skin disorder. Herein, the diagnosis and treatment of a 40-year-old HIV+ Kenyan man afflicted with hypertrophic lichen planus (HLP) is described. In this case, lesions of HLP were widely distributed across the trunk and extremities, having become of such thickness on the dorsal surfaces of the hands and fingers as to make normal use of hands impossible. A significant distinguishing feature of this patient is prior history of tuberculosis, which is a known trigger for lichenoid skin lesions.

Competition and cooperation are contradictory aspects of economic systems; in the healthcare system they also govern the process of creation and distribution of value. Both are needed to reach higher levels of efficiency and innovation. Regarding competition as a universal remedy which only has to be applied in higher doses in order to cure the multiple illnesses of the healthcare sector is a single-sided view and does not match economic reality. As politics introduce more and more elements of competition the question arises as to what degree hospitals are in competition with private practice physicians. In contrast to statements of lobbyists we came to the conclusion that the degree of competition between hospitals and physicians is negligible when compared to the vast potential of cooperation.

At the beginning of 2004 the legislator introduced a new organisational form of ambulatory care into the German healthcare system, the so-called "Medizinische Versorgungszentrum" (MVZ; ambulatory healthcare centre). For the first time, hospitals are admitted to the sector of ambulatory healthcare (apart from the provision of emergency services). Naturally, this causes a great deal of conflict between the traditional health service providers (doctors in private practice) and their professional associations, looking at the new entities rather suspiciously since these can lay claim to a substantial portion of the budgeted reimbursement in this healthcare sector. Several hospitals have already gained first practical experiences with these novel ambulatory healthcare centres that cover both outpatient and inpatient services, which will partly be discussed in the present article.

The allocation of financial resources between both hospitals and the departments within a single hospital follows historically grown structures. Concepts on the basis of well-established factors for the systematic allocation of resources are rarely if ever used. Systematic approaches are needed, especially in times of decreasing resources, but they have to be grounded in a detailed understanding of both the customers and the products offered. The application of standards is a vital factor in order to simultaneously enhance operational efficiency and strategic effectiveness.