Search

Your search keyword '"Sobeski"' showing total 50 results
Start Over Author "Sobeski"
50 results on '"Sobeski"'

1. A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain

Author

Louis K Scheffer, C Shan Xu, Michal Januszewski, Zhiyuan Lu, Shin-ya Takemura, Kenneth J Hayworth, Gary B Huang, Kazunori Shinomiya, Jeremy Maitlin-Shepard, Stuart Berg, Jody Clements, Philip M Hubbard, William T Katz, Lowell Umayam, Ting Zhao, David Ackerman, Tim Blakely, John Bogovic, Tom Dolafi, Dagmar Kainmueller, Takashi Kawase, Khaled A Khairy, Laramie Leavitt, Peter H Li, Larry Lindsey, Nicole Neubarth, Donald J Olbris, Hideo Otsuna, Eric T Trautman, Masayoshi Ito, Alexander S Bates, Jens Goldammer, Tanya Wolff, Robert Svirskas, Philipp Schlegel, Erika Neace, Christopher J Knecht, Chelsea X Alvarado, Dennis A Bailey, Samantha Ballinger, Jolanta A Borycz, Brandon S Canino, Natasha Cheatham, Michael Cook, Marisa Dreher, Octave Duclos, Bryon Eubanks, Kelli Fairbanks, Samantha Finley, Nora Forknall, Audrey Francis, Gary Patrick Hopkins, Emily M Joyce, SungJin Kim, Nicole A Kirk, Julie Kovalyak, Shirley A Lauchie, Alanna Lohff, Charli Maldonado, Emily A Manley, Sari McLin, Caroline Mooney, Miatta Ndama, Omotara Ogundeyi, Nneoma Okeoma, Christopher Ordish, Nicholas Padilla, Christopher M Patrick, Tyler Paterson, Elliott E Phillips, Emily M Phillips, Neha Rampally, Caitlin Ribeiro, Madelaine K Robertson, Jon Thomson Rymer, Sean M Ryan, Megan Sammons, Anne K Scott, Ashley L Scott, Aya Shinomiya, Claire Smith, Kelsey Smith, Natalie L Smith, Margaret A Sobeski, Alia Suleiman, Jackie Swift, Satoko Takemura, Iris Talebi, Dorota Tarnogorska, Emily Tenshaw, Temour Tokhi, John J Walsh, Tansy Yang, Jane Anne Horne, Feng Li, Ruchi Parekh, Patricia K Rivlin, Vivek Jayaraman, Marta Costa, Gregory SXE Jefferis, Kei Ito, Stephan Saalfeld, Reed George, Ian A Meinertzhagen, Gerald M Rubin, Harald F Hess, Viren Jain, and Stephen M Plaza

Subjects
connectome, brain regions, cell types, graph properties, connectome reconstuction methods, synapse detecton, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Improved methods include new procedures to prepare, image, align, segment, find synapses in, and proofread such large data sets. We define cell types, refine computational compartments, and provide an exhaustive atlas of cell examples and types, many of them novel. We provide detailed circuits consisting of neurons and their chemical synapses for most of the central brain. We make the data public and simplify access, reducing the effort needed to answer circuit questions, and provide procedures linking the neurons defined by our analysis with genetic reagents. Biologically, we examine distributions of connection strengths, neural motifs on different scales, electrical consequences of compartmentalization, and evidence that maximizing packing density is an important criterion in the evolution of the fly’s brain.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Medication access: Policy and practice opportunities for pharmacists

Author

Kelley S. Rivera, Linda M. Sobeski, Bridget Bradley, Nancy A. Alvarez, Elizabeth Van Dril, Adwoa Nyame, Dustin D. Spencer, Christine Schumacher, Nancy L. Shapiro, Susie J. Crowe, Keri C. Anderson, and Jessica R. Merlo

Subjects
Clinical pharmacy, Nursing, business.industry, Pharmaceutical Science, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Pharmacy, business
Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain

Author

Temour Tokhi, Tom Dolafi, Nneoma Okeoma, Tanya Wolff, Philip M Hubbard, Kazunori Shinomiya, Madelaine K Robertson, Gerald M. Rubin, Gregory S.X.E. Jefferis, Christopher J Knecht, Laramie Leavitt, Alia Suleiman, Satoko Takemura, Christopher Ordish, Jody Clements, Ian A. Meinertzhagen, Alexander Shakeel Bates, Takashi Kawase, Samantha Finley, Nicholas Padilla, Jackie Swift, C. Shan Xu, Stuart Berg, Tyler Paterson, Ashley L Scott, Erika Neace, Shirley Lauchie, Sean M Ryan, Emily M Joyce, Shin-ya Takemura, Tim Blakely, Michael A Cook, Christopher Patrick, Bryon Eubanks, Audrey Francis, Robert Svirskas, William T. Katz, Eric T. Trautman, Caroline Mooney, Ting Zhao, Nicole A Kirk, Megan Sammons, Brandon S Canino, Reed A. George, Louis K. Scheffer, Jolanta A. Borycz, Jon Thomson Rymer, Natasha Cheatham, Dagmar Kainmueller, Gary B. Huang, Khaled Khairy, Nicole Neubarth, Elliott E Phillips, John A. Bogovic, Neha Rampally, Larry Lindsey, Viren Jain, David G. Ackerman, Jane Anne Horne, Kelli Fairbanks, Lowell Umayam, Jens Goldammer, Emily M Phillips, Donald J. Olbris, Feng Li, Emily A Manley, Philipp Schlegel, Hideo Otsuna, Marta Costa, Stephen M. Plaza, Omotara Ogundeyi, Samantha Ballinger, Charli Maldonado, Kelsey Smith, Gary Patrick Hopkins, Vivek Jayaraman, Emily Tenshaw, Julie Kovalyak, Peter H. Li, Tansy Yang, Masayoshi Ito, Miatta Ndama, Claire Smith, Michał Januszewski, Alanna Lohff, SungJin Kim, Anne K Scott, Kei Ito, Iris Talebi, Jeremy Maitlin-Shepard, Nora Forknall, Marisa Dreher, Harald F. Hess, Sari McLin, Patricia K. Rivlin, Dennis A Bailey, Kenneth J. Hayworth, Octave Duclos, Caitlin Ribeiro, John J. Walsh, Zhiyuan Lu, Dorota Tarnogorska, Ruchi Parekh, Aya Shinomiya, Stephan Saalfeld, Margaret A Sobeski, Natalie L Smith, Chelsea X Alvarado, Scheffer, Louis K [0000-0002-3289-6564], Xu, C Shan [0000-0002-8564-7836], Januszewski, Michal [0000-0002-3480-2744], Lu, Zhiyuan [0000-0002-4128-9774], Takemura, Shin-ya [0000-0003-2400-6426], Huang, Gary B [0000-0002-9606-3510], Shinomiya, Kazunori [0000-0003-0262-6421], Maitlin-Shepard, Jeremy [0000-0001-8453-7961], Hubbard, Philip M [0000-0002-6746-5035], Katz, William T [0000-0002-9417-6212], Ackerman, David [0000-0003-0172-6594], Blakely, Tim [0000-0003-0995-5471], Bogovic, John [0000-0002-4829-9457], Kainmueller, Dagmar [0000-0002-9830-2415], Khairy, Khaled A [0000-0002-9274-5928], Li, Peter H [0000-0001-6193-4454], Trautman, Eric T [0000-0001-8588-0569], Bates, Alexander S [0000-0002-1195-0445], Goldammer, Jens [0000-0002-5623-8339], Wolff, Tanya [0000-0002-8681-1749], Svirskas, Robert [0000-0001-8374-6008], Schlegel, Philipp [0000-0002-5633-1314], Knecht, Christopher J [0000-0002-5663-5967], Alvarado, Chelsea X [0000-0002-5973-7512], Bailey, Dennis A [0000-0002-4675-8373], Borycz, Jolanta A [0000-0002-4402-9230], Canino, Brandon S [0000-0002-8454-865X], Cook, Michael [0000-0002-7892-6845], Dreher, Marisa [0000-0002-0041-9229], Eubanks, Bryon [0000-0002-9288-2009], Fairbanks, Kelli [0000-0002-6601-4830], Finley, Samantha [0000-0002-8086-206X], Forknall, Nora [0000-0003-2139-7599], Francis, Audrey [0000-0003-1974-7174], Joyce, Emily M [0000-0001-5794-6321], Kovalyak, Julie [0000-0001-7864-7734], Lauchie, Shirley A [0000-0001-8223-9522], Lohff, Alanna [0000-0002-1242-1836], McLin, Sari [0000-0002-9120-1136], Patrick, Christopher M [0000-0001-8830-1892], Phillips, Elliott E [0000-0002-4918-2058], Phillips, Emily M [0000-0001-7615-301X], Robertson, Madelaine K [0000-0002-1764-0245], Rymer, Jon Thomson [0000-0002-4271-6774], Ryan, Sean M [0000-0002-8879-6108], Sammons, Megan [0000-0003-4516-5928], Shinomiya, Aya [0000-0002-6358-9567], Smith, Natalie L [0000-0002-8271-9873], Swift, Jackie [0000-0003-1321-8183], Takemura, Satoko [0000-0002-2863-0050], Talebi, Iris [0000-0002-0173-8053], Tarnogorska, Dorota [0000-0002-7063-6165], Walsh, John J [0000-0002-7176-4708], Yang, Tansy [0000-0003-1131-0410], Horne, Jane Anne [0000-0001-9673-2692], Parekh, Ruchi [0000-0002-8060-2807], Jayaraman, Vivek [0000-0003-3680-7378], Costa, Marta [0000-0001-5948-3092], Jefferis, Gregory SXE [0000-0002-0587-9355], Ito, Kei [0000-0002-7274-5533], Saalfeld, Stephan [0000-0002-4106-1761], Rubin, Gerald M [0000-0001-8762-8703], Hess, Harald F [0000-0003-3000-1533], Plaza, Stephen M [0000-0001-7425-8555], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Takemura, Shin-Ya [0000-0003-2400-6426], and Jefferis, Gregory Sxe [0000-0002-0587-9355]

Subjects
Male, Computer science, computational biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Drosophila Proteins, Research article, Biology (General), Neurons, Cognitive science, 0303 health sciences, biology, D. melanogaster, General Neuroscience, connectome, Brain, systems biology, graph properties, General Medicine, Human brain, Drosophila melanogaster, medicine.anatomical_structure, Connectome, Medicine, Drosophila, Female, synapse detecton, Insight, Function and Dysfunction of the Nervous System, cell types, Research Article, Computational and Systems Biology, brain regions, Connectomes, QH301-705.5, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Science, connectome reconstuction methods, Small mammal, Central region, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology.organism_classification, synapse detection, Synapses, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Improved methods include new procedures to prepare, image, align, segment, find synapses in, and proofread such large data sets. We define cell types, refine computational compartments, and provide an exhaustive atlas of cell examples and types, many of them novel. We provide detailed circuits consisting of neurons and their chemical synapses for most of the central brain. We make the data public and simplify access, reducing the effort needed to answer circuit questions, and provide procedures linking the neurons defined by our analysis with genetic reagents. Biologically, we examine distributions of connection strengths, neural motifs on different scales, electrical consequences of compartmentalization, and evidence that maximizing packing density is an important criterion in the evolution of the fly’s brain., eLife digest Animal brains of all sizes, from the smallest to the largest, work in broadly similar ways. Studying the brain of any one animal in depth can thus reveal the general principles behind the workings of all brains. The fruit fly Drosophila is a popular choice for such research. With about 100,000 neurons – compared to some 86 billion in humans – the fly brain is small enough to study at the level of individual cells. But it nevertheless supports a range of complex behaviors, including navigation, courtship and learning. Thanks to decades of research, scientists now have a good understanding of which parts of the fruit fly brain support particular behaviors. But exactly how they do this is often unclear. This is because previous studies showing the connections between cells only covered small areas of the brain. This is like trying to understand a novel when all you can see is a few isolated paragraphs. To solve this problem, Scheffer, Xu, Januszewski, Lu, Takemura, Hayworth, Huang, Shinomiya et al. prepared the first complete map of the entire central region of the fruit fly brain. The central brain consists of approximately 25,000 neurons and around 20 million connections. To prepare the map – or connectome – the brain was cut into very thin 8nm slices and photographed with an electron microscope. A three-dimensional map of the neurons and connections in the brain was then reconstructed from these images using machine learning algorithms. Finally, Scheffer et al. used the new connectome to obtain further insights into the circuits that support specific fruit fly behaviors. The central brain connectome is freely available online for anyone to access. When used in combination with existing methods, the map will make it easier to understand how the fly brain works, and how and why it can fail to work correctly. Many of these findings will likely apply to larger brains, including our own. In the long run, studying the fly connectome may therefore lead to a better understanding of the human brain and its disorders. Performing a similar analysis on the brain of a small mammal, by scaling up the methods here, will be a likely next step along this path.

Published
2020

7. Author response: A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain

Author

Dennis A Bailey, Kenneth J. Hayworth, Aya Shinomiya, Madelaine K Robertson, Tim Blakely, C. Shan Xu, Temour Tokhi, Jon Thomson Rymer, Nicole Neubarth, Zhiyuan Lu, Dorota Tarnogorska, Shirley Lauchie, Sean M Ryan, Nneoma Okeoma, Erika Neace, Khaled Khairy, Emily M Phillips, Margaret A Sobeski, Bryon Eubanks, Christopher Patrick, Marisa Dreher, Natalie L Smith, Philipp Schlegel, John A. Bogovic, David G. Ackerman, Jane Anne Horne, Tom Dolafi, Gary B. Huang, Kelli Fairbanks, Claire Smith, Michał Januszewski, Octave Duclos, Satoko Takemura, Christopher Ordish, Chelsea X Alvarado, Jody Clements, Viren Jain, Samantha Finley, John J. Walsh, Nicole A Kirk, Kelsey Smith, Omotara Ogundeyi, Takashi Kawase, Reed A. George, Tyler Paterson, Laramie Leavitt, Kazunori Shinomiya, SungJin Kim, Christopher J Knecht, Nicholas Padilla, Anne K Scott, Tansy Yang, Ashley L Scott, Hideo Otsuna, Jeremy Maitlin-Shepard, Marta Costa, Nora Forknall, Stuart Berg, Alia Suleiman, Harald F. Hess, Audrey Francis, Donald J. Olbris, Caroline Mooney, Emily M Joyce, Eric T. Trautman, Gerald M. Rubin, Jackie Swift, Philip M Hubbard, Ting Zhao, Brandon S Canino, Gary Patrick Hopkins, Kei Ito, Jolanta A. Borycz, Shin-ya Takemura, Masayoshi Ito, Stephen M. Plaza, Ian A. Meinertzhagen, Louis K. Scheffer, Dagmar Kainmueller, Larry Lindsey, Miatta Ndama, Elliott E Phillips, Lowell Umayam, Jens Goldammer, Vivek Jayaraman, Emily Tenshaw, Gregory S.X.E. Jefferis, Alexander Shakeel Bates, William T. Katz, Sari McLin, Neha Rampally, Emily A Manley, Patricia K. Rivlin, Charli Maldonado, Peter H. Li, Samantha Ballinger, Tanya Wolff, Megan Sammons, Julie Kovalyak, Stephan Saalfeld, Alanna Lohff, Natasha Cheatham, Iris Talebi, Michael A Cook, Robert Svirskas, Feng Li, Caitlin Ribeiro, and Ruchi Parekh

Subjects
biology, Connectome, Drosophila (subgenus), biology.organism_classification, Neuroscience
Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. A Connectome and Analysis of the Adult Drosophila Central Brain

Author

C. Shan Xu, Jackie Swift, Miatta Ndama, Philipp Schlegel, SungJin Kim, Khaled Khairy, Christopher Ordish, Omotara Ogundeyi, Kelli Fairbanks, Kenneth J. Hayworth, Samantha Finley, Natasha Cheatham, Nora Forknall, Laramie Leavitt, Temour Tokhi, Nicole A Kirk, Shin-ya Takemura, Nneoma Okeoma, Robert Svirskas, Kazunori Shinomiya, Madelaine K Robertson, Caitlin Ribeiro, Christopher J Knecht, Emily M Joyce, Margaret A Sobeski, Ruchi Parekh, Alia Suleiman, Shirley Lauchie, Sean M Ryan, Iris Talebi, Harald F. Hess, Christopher Patrick, William T. Katz, Stephen M. Plaza, Dagmar Kainmueller, Feng Li, Natalie L Smith, Michał Januszewski, Satoko Takemura, Chelsea X Alvarado, Michael A Cook, Sari McLin, Tom Dolafi, Hideo Otsuna, Jeremy Maitin-Shepard, Kei Ito, Viren Jain, Donald J. Olbris, Tanya Wolff, Takashi Kawase, Tyler Paterson, Patricia K. Rivlin, Jolanta A. Borycz, Ashley L Scott, Claire Smith, Nicholas Padilla, Gary Patrick Hopkins, Vivek Jayaraman, Emily Tenshaw, Zhiyuan Lu, Stuart Berg, Dorota Tarnogorska, Samantha Ballinger, Audrey Francis, Julie Kovalyak, Ting Zhao, Anne K Scott, Alanna Lohff, Caroline Mooney, Brandon S Canino, Gary B. Huang, Jon Thomson Rymer, Marisa Dreher, Jody Clements, Nicole Neubarth, Larry Lindsey, John A. Bogovic, David G. Ackerman, Jane Anne Horne, Louis K. Scheffer, Elliott E Phillips, Lowell Umayam, Jens Goldammer, Eric T. Trautman, Emily A Manley, Charli Maldonado, Peter H. Li, Octave Duclos, John J. Walsh, Stephan Saalfeld, Reed A. George, Gerald M. Rubin, Philip M Hubbard, Ian A. Meinertzhagen, Emily M Phillips, Masayoshi Ito, Erika Neace, Kelsey Smith, Bryon Eubanks, Neha Rampally, Tim Blakely, Tansy Yang, Dennis A Bailey, Megan Sammons, and Aya Shinomiya

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Cell type, biology, Computer science, biology.organism_classification, Synapse, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Connectome, Biological neural network, Drosophila melanogaster, Function and Dysfunction of the Nervous System, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Improved methods include new procedures to prepare, image, align, segment, find synapses in, and proofread such large data sets. We define cell types, refine computational compartments, and provide an exhaustive atlas of cell examples and types, many of them novel. We provide detailed circuits consisting of neurons and their chemical synapses for most of the central brain. We make the data public and simplify access, reducing the effort needed to answer circuit questions, and provide procedures linking the neurons defined by our analysis with genetic reagents. Biologically, we examine distributions of connection strengths, neural motifs on different scales, electrical consequences of compartmentalization, and evidence that maximizing packing density is an important criterion in the evolution of the fly’s brain.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Medication access: Policy and practice opportunities for pharmacists

Author

Sobeski, Linda M., primary, Schumacher, Christine A., additional, Alvarez, Nancy A., additional, Anderson, Keri C., additional, Bradley, Bridget, additional, Crowe, Susie J., additional, Merlo, Jessica R., additional, Nyame, Adwoa, additional, Rivera, Kelley S., additional, Shapiro, Nancy L., additional, Spencer, Dustin D., additional, and Dril, Elizabeth, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain

Author

Scheffer, Louis K, primary, Xu, C Shan, additional, Januszewski, Michal, additional, Lu, Zhiyuan, additional, Takemura, Shin-ya, additional, Hayworth, Kenneth J, additional, Huang, Gary B, additional, Shinomiya, Kazunori, additional, Maitlin-Shepard, Jeremy, additional, Berg, Stuart, additional, Clements, Jody, additional, Hubbard, Philip M, additional, Katz, William T, additional, Umayam, Lowell, additional, Zhao, Ting, additional, Ackerman, David, additional, Blakely, Tim, additional, Bogovic, John, additional, Dolafi, Tom, additional, Kainmueller, Dagmar, additional, Kawase, Takashi, additional, Khairy, Khaled A, additional, Leavitt, Laramie, additional, Li, Peter H, additional, Lindsey, Larry, additional, Neubarth, Nicole, additional, Olbris, Donald J, additional, Otsuna, Hideo, additional, Trautman, Eric T, additional, Ito, Masayoshi, additional, Bates, Alexander S, additional, Goldammer, Jens, additional, Wolff, Tanya, additional, Svirskas, Robert, additional, Schlegel, Philipp, additional, Neace, Erika, additional, Knecht, Christopher J, additional, Alvarado, Chelsea X, additional, Bailey, Dennis A, additional, Ballinger, Samantha, additional, Borycz, Jolanta A, additional, Canino, Brandon S, additional, Cheatham, Natasha, additional, Cook, Michael, additional, Dreher, Marisa, additional, Duclos, Octave, additional, Eubanks, Bryon, additional, Fairbanks, Kelli, additional, Finley, Samantha, additional, Forknall, Nora, additional, Francis, Audrey, additional, Hopkins, Gary Patrick, additional, Joyce, Emily M, additional, Kim, SungJin, additional, Kirk, Nicole A, additional, Kovalyak, Julie, additional, Lauchie, Shirley A, additional, Lohff, Alanna, additional, Maldonado, Charli, additional, Manley, Emily A, additional, McLin, Sari, additional, Mooney, Caroline, additional, Ndama, Miatta, additional, Ogundeyi, Omotara, additional, Okeoma, Nneoma, additional, Ordish, Christopher, additional, Padilla, Nicholas, additional, Patrick, Christopher M, additional, Paterson, Tyler, additional, Phillips, Elliott E, additional, Phillips, Emily M, additional, Rampally, Neha, additional, Ribeiro, Caitlin, additional, Robertson, Madelaine K, additional, Rymer, Jon Thomson, additional, Ryan, Sean M, additional, Sammons, Megan, additional, Scott, Anne K, additional, Scott, Ashley L, additional, Shinomiya, Aya, additional, Smith, Claire, additional, Smith, Kelsey, additional, Smith, Natalie L, additional, Sobeski, Margaret A, additional, Suleiman, Alia, additional, Swift, Jackie, additional, Takemura, Satoko, additional, Talebi, Iris, additional, Tarnogorska, Dorota, additional, Tenshaw, Emily, additional, Tokhi, Temour, additional, Walsh, John J, additional, Yang, Tansy, additional, Horne, Jane Anne, additional, Li, Feng, additional, Parekh, Ruchi, additional, Rivlin, Patricia K, additional, Jayaraman, Vivek, additional, Costa, Marta, additional, Jefferis, Gregory SXE, additional, Ito, Kei, additional, Saalfeld, Stephan, additional, George, Reed, additional, Meinertzhagen, Ian A, additional, Rubin, Gerald M, additional, Hess, Harald F, additional, Jain, Viren, additional, and Plaza, Stephen M, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Author response: A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain

Author

Scheffer, Louis K, primary, Xu, C Shan, additional, Januszewski, Michal, additional, Lu, Zhiyuan, additional, Takemura, Shin-ya, additional, Hayworth, Kenneth J, additional, Huang, Gary B, additional, Shinomiya, Kazunori, additional, Maitlin-Shepard, Jeremy, additional, Berg, Stuart, additional, Clements, Jody, additional, Hubbard, Philip M, additional, Katz, William T, additional, Umayam, Lowell, additional, Zhao, Ting, additional, Ackerman, David, additional, Blakely, Tim, additional, Bogovic, John, additional, Dolafi, Tom, additional, Kainmueller, Dagmar, additional, Kawase, Takashi, additional, Khairy, Khaled A, additional, Leavitt, Laramie, additional, Li, Peter H, additional, Lindsey, Larry, additional, Neubarth, Nicole, additional, Olbris, Donald J, additional, Otsuna, Hideo, additional, Trautman, Eric T, additional, Ito, Masayoshi, additional, Bates, Alexander S, additional, Goldammer, Jens, additional, Wolff, Tanya, additional, Svirskas, Robert, additional, Schlegel, Philipp, additional, Neace, Erika, additional, Knecht, Christopher J, additional, Alvarado, Chelsea X, additional, Bailey, Dennis A, additional, Ballinger, Samantha, additional, Borycz, Jolanta A, additional, Canino, Brandon S, additional, Cheatham, Natasha, additional, Cook, Michael, additional, Dreher, Marisa, additional, Duclos, Octave, additional, Eubanks, Bryon, additional, Fairbanks, Kelli, additional, Finley, Samantha, additional, Forknall, Nora, additional, Francis, Audrey, additional, Hopkins, Gary Patrick, additional, Joyce, Emily M, additional, Kim, SungJin, additional, Kirk, Nicole A, additional, Kovalyak, Julie, additional, Lauchie, Shirley A, additional, Lohff, Alanna, additional, Maldonado, Charli, additional, Manley, Emily A, additional, McLin, Sari, additional, Mooney, Caroline, additional, Ndama, Miatta, additional, Ogundeyi, Omotara, additional, Okeoma, Nneoma, additional, Ordish, Christopher, additional, Padilla, Nicholas, additional, Patrick, Christopher M, additional, Paterson, Tyler, additional, Phillips, Elliott E, additional, Phillips, Emily M, additional, Rampally, Neha, additional, Ribeiro, Caitlin, additional, Robertson, Madelaine K, additional, Rymer, Jon Thomson, additional, Ryan, Sean M, additional, Sammons, Megan, additional, Scott, Anne K, additional, Scott, Ashley L, additional, Shinomiya, Aya, additional, Smith, Claire, additional, Smith, Kelsey, additional, Smith, Natalie L, additional, Sobeski, Margaret A, additional, Suleiman, Alia, additional, Swift, Jackie, additional, Takemura, Satoko, additional, Talebi, Iris, additional, Tarnogorska, Dorota, additional, Tenshaw, Emily, additional, Tokhi, Temour, additional, Walsh, John J, additional, Yang, Tansy, additional, Horne, Jane Anne, additional, Li, Feng, additional, Parekh, Ruchi, additional, Rivlin, Patricia K, additional, Jayaraman, Vivek, additional, Costa, Marta, additional, Jefferis, Gregory SXE, additional, Ito, Kei, additional, Saalfeld, Stephan, additional, George, Reed, additional, Meinertzhagen, Ian A, additional, Rubin, Gerald M, additional, Hess, Harald F, additional, Jain, Viren, additional, and Plaza, Stephen M, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. A Connectome and Analysis of the Adult Drosophila Central Brain

Author

Scheffer, Louis K., primary, Xu, C. Shan, additional, Januszewski, Michal, additional, Lu, Zhiyuan, additional, Takemura, Shin-ya, additional, Hayworth, Kenneth J., additional, Huang, Gary B., additional, Shinomiya, Kazunori, additional, Maitin-Shepard, Jeremy, additional, Berg, Stuart, additional, Clements, Jody, additional, Hubbard, Philip, additional, Katz, William, additional, Umayam, Lowell, additional, Zhao, Ting, additional, Ackerman, David, additional, Blakely, Tim, additional, Bogovic, John, additional, Dolafi, Tom, additional, Kainmueller, Dagmar, additional, Kawase, Takashi, additional, Khairy, Khaled A., additional, Leavitt, Laramie, additional, Li, Peter H., additional, Lindsey, Larry, additional, Neubarth, Nicole, additional, Olbris, Donald J., additional, Otsuna, Hideo, additional, Trautman, Eric T., additional, Ito, Masayoshi, additional, Goldammer, Jens, additional, Wolff, Tanya, additional, Svirskas, Robert, additional, Schlegel, Philipp, additional, Neace, Erika R., additional, Knecht, Christopher J., additional, Alvarado, Chelsea X., additional, Bailey, Dennis A., additional, Ballinger, Samantha, additional, Borycz, Jolanta A, additional, Canino, Brandon S., additional, Cheatham, Natasha, additional, Cook, Michael, additional, Dreher, Marisa, additional, Duclos, Octave, additional, Eubanks, Bryon, additional, Fairbanks, Kelli, additional, Finley, Samantha, additional, Forknall, Nora, additional, Francis, Audrey, additional, Hopkins, Gary Patrick, additional, Joyce, Emily M., additional, Kim, SungJin, additional, Kirk, Nicole A., additional, Kovalyak, Julie, additional, Lauchie, Shirley A., additional, Lohff, Alanna, additional, Maldonado, Charli, additional, Manley, Emily A., additional, McLin, Sari, additional, Mooney, Caroline, additional, Ndama, Miatta, additional, Ogundeyi, Omotara, additional, Okeoma, Nneoma, additional, Ordish, Christopher, additional, Padilla, Nicholas, additional, Patrick, Christopher, additional, Paterson, Tyler, additional, Phillips, Elliott E., additional, Phillips, Emily M., additional, Rampally, Neha, additional, Ribeiro, Caitlin, additional, Robertson, Madelaine K, additional, Rymer, Jon Thomson, additional, Ryan, Sean M., additional, Sammons, Megan, additional, Scott, Anne K., additional, Scott, Ashley L., additional, Shinomiya, Aya, additional, Smith, Claire, additional, Smith, Kelsey, additional, Smith, Natalie L., additional, Sobeski, Margaret A., additional, Suleiman, Alia, additional, Swift, Jackie, additional, Takemura, Satoko, additional, Talebi, Iris, additional, Tarnogorska, Dorota, additional, Tenshaw, Emily, additional, Tokhi, Temour, additional, Walsh, John J., additional, Yang, Tansy, additional, Horne, Jane Anne, additional, Li, Feng, additional, Parekh, Ruchi, additional, Rivlin, Patricia K., additional, Jayaraman, Vivek, additional, Ito, Kei, additional, Saalfeld, Stephan, additional, George, Reed, additional, Meinertzhagen, Ian A., additional, Rubin, Gerald M., additional, Hess, Harald F., additional, Jain, Viren, additional, and Plaza, Stephen M., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. The U.S.-FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) List: Consensus Validation of a Clinical Tool to Improve Drug Therapy in Older Adults

Author

Pazan, Farhad, primary, Gercke, Yana, additional, Weiss, Christel, additional, Wehling, Martin, additional, Marcum, Zachary A., additional, Gokula, Murthy, additional, Nathan, Kobi T., additional, Cheng, Huai Y., additional, Tantipinichwong, Nicha, additional, Gray, Shelly L., additional, Sobeski, Linda M., additional, and Sotelo, Margarita, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. A Connectome of the Adult Drosophila Central Brain

Author

Audrey Francis, Ting Zhao, Feng Li, Megan Sammons, Madelaine K Robertson, SungJin Kim, Tyler Paterson, Philipp Schlegel, Chelsea X Alvarado, Viren Jain, Brandon S Canino, Omotara Ogundeyi, Nora Forknall, Dagmar Kainmueller, Tansy Yang, Natasha Cheatham, Neha Rampally, Caitlin Ribeiro, Kimothy L. Smith, Emily M Phillips, Ruchi Parekh, Jackie Swift, Donald J. Olbris, Takashi Kawase, Jon Thomson Rymer, Zhiyuan Lu, Nicholas Padilla, Christopher Ordish, Dorota Tarnogorska, Nicole Neubarth, Aya Shinomiya, Miatta Ndama, Samantha Finley, Stuart Berg, Erika Neace, Bryon Eubanks, John A. Bogovic, David G. Ackerman, Robert Svirskas, Sari McLin, Emily A Manley, Jane Anne Horne, Michael A Cook, Samantha Ballinger, Michał Januszewski, Jeremy Maitin-Shepard, Caroline Mooney, Nicole A Kirk, Shin-ya Takemura, Iris Talebi, Temour Tokhi, Kei K. Ito, Khaled Khairy, Stephen M. Plaza, Julie Kovalyak, Patricia K. Rivlin, Emily M Joyce, Kelli Fairbanks, Philip M Hubbard, Charli Maldonado, Nneoma Okeoma, Hideo Otsuna, Laurence F. Lindsey, Tim Blakely, Gerald M. Rubin, Alanna Lohff, William T. Katz, Anne K Scott, Mutsumi Ito, Peter H. Li, Ian A. Meinertzhagen, Natalie L Smith, Gary B. Huang, Dennis A Bailey, Reed A. George, Kenneth J. Hayworth, Tom Dolafi, Marisa Dreher, Tanya Wolff, Kazunori Shinomiya, Harald F. Hess, E.T. Troutman, Christopher J Knecht, Gary Patrick Hopkins, Alia Suleiman, Vivek Jayaraman, Emily Tenshaw, Octave Duclos, John J. Walsh, Stephan Saalfeld, Louis K. Scheffer, Elliott E Phillips, Lowell Umayam, Jens Goldammer, Sobeski, Jody Clements, Ashley L Scott, Shirley Lauchie, Sean M Ryan, Christopher Patrick, Jolanta A. Borycz, Claire Smith, C.S. Xu, and Laramie Leavitt

Subjects
Cell type, Computer science, Cell, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Synapse, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Biological neural network, 030304 developmental biology, Structure (mathematical logic), 0303 health sciences, biology, business.industry, Motor control, biology.organism_classification, Associative learning, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mushroom bodies, Identity (object-oriented programming), Connectome, Artificial intelligence, Drosophila melanogaster, Function and Dysfunction of the Nervous System, business, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The neural circuits responsible for behavior remain largely unknown. Previous efforts have reconstructed the complete circuits of small animals, with hundreds of neurons, and selected circuits for larger animals. Here we (the FlyEM project at Janelia and collaborators at Google) summarize new methods and present the complete circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of a much more complex animal, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Improved methods include new procedures to prepare, image, align, segment, find synapses, and proofread such large data sets; new methods that define cell types based on connectivity in addition to morphology; and new methods to simplify access to a large and evolving data set. From the resulting data we derive a better definition of computational compartments and their connections; an exhaustive atlas of cell examples and types, many of them novel; detailed circuits for most of the central brain; and exploration of the statistics and structure of different brain compartments, and the brain as a whole. We make the data public, with a web site and resources specifically designed to make it easy to explore, for all levels of expertise from the expert to the merely curious. The public availability of these data, and the simplified means to access it, dramatically reduces the effort needed to answer typical circuit questions, such as the identity of upstream and downstream neural partners, the circuitry of brain regions, and to link the neurons defined by our analysis with genetic reagents that can be used to study their functions.Note: In the next few weeks, we will release a series of papers with more involved discussions. One paper will detail the hemibrain reconstruction with more extensive analysis and interpretation made possible by this dense connectome. Another paper will explore the central complex, a brain region involved in navigation, motor control, and sleep. A final paper will present insights from the mushroom body, a center of multimodal associative learning in the fly brain.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. The U.S.-FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) List: Consensus Validation of a Clinical Tool to Improve Drug Therapy in Older Adults

Author

Shelly L. Gray, Murthy Gokula, Nicha Tantipinichwong, Martin Wehling, Christel Weiss, Kobi T. Nathan, Huai Y. Cheng, Yana Gercke, Farhad Pazan, Zachary A. Marcum, Margarita Sotelo, and Linda M. Sobeski

Subjects
Polypharmacy, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, business.industry, Health Policy, Listing (computer), General Medicine, medicine.disease, United States, Europe, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacotherapy, Family medicine, medicine, Dementia, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Older people, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, General Nursing, Aged
Abstract

Background/Objectives Polypharmacy and multimorbidity is a threat to older people; hence, listing approaches should support physicians to optimize medication. The FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) classification of drug appropriateness for older people provides positive or negative labels: A (A-bsolutely), B (B-eneficial), C (C-areful), and D (D-on't). Based on these categories, FORTA-labeled drug lists were developed in 7 European countries or regions; the same approach was used to develop a U.S.-FORTA List reflecting the country-specific availability and usage of drugs. Design/Setting A 2-step Delphi-type approach was employed to add, remove, or relabel drugs from the listing proposal and to add or remove new indications. The proposal utilized the European (EURO)-FORTA list as template. Participants Eight US-based geriatricians/pharmacists served as raters. Measurements: Raters gave recommendations and comments on the list items. Results The first U.S.-FORTA List contains 273 items aligned to 27 main indication groups; 30 drugs and drug groups were added, and 23 removed as being unavailable in the United States. The highest percentage of changes in FORTA labels as compared to the EURO-FORTA List occurred for sleep disorders associated with dementia (40%). In 8 indications, the labels for 11 items were different from the proposal. Thus, for the majority of the items (n = 232, 95.5%), the proposals were accepted by the US raters. Only 16 (6.6%) of the proposed items (n = 243) had to be re-evaluated in the second round as a result of inconsistent rating in the first round. Conclusions and Implications The U.S.-FORTA List addresses the appropriateness of drugs for older people in the United States reflecting country-specific availability, usage, and expert rating. As shown for the FORTA list in Europe, this listing approach is among the few that are clinically validated and improve well-being and geriatric outcomes. The U.S.-FORTA List now largely enhances the global availability of this approach.

Published
2019

17. A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain

Author

Scheffer, Louis K., Xu, C. Shan, Januszewski, Michal, Lu, Zhiyuan, Takemura, Shin-ya, Hayworth, Kenneth J., Huang, Gary B., Shinomiya, Kazunori, Maitlin-Shepard, Jeremy, Berg, Stuart, Clements, Jody, Hubbard, Philip M., Katz, William T., Umayam, Lowell, Zhao, Ting, Ackerman, David, Blakely, Tim, Bogovic, John, Dolafi, Tom, Kainmueller, Dagmar, Kawase, Takashi, Khairy, Khaled A., Leavitt, Laramie, Li, Peter H., Lindsey, Larry, Neubarth, Nicole, Olbris, Donald J., Otsuna, Hideo, Trautman, Eric T., Ito, Masayoshi, Bates, Alexander S., Goldammer, Jens, Wolff, Tanya, Svirskas, Robert, Schlegel, Philipp, Neace, Erika, Knecht, Christopher J., Alvarado, Chelsea X., Bailey, Dennis A., Ballinger, Samantha, Borycz, Jolanta A., Canino, Brandon S., Cheatham, Natasha, Cook, Michael, Dreher, Marisa, Duclos, Octave, Eubanks, Bryon, Fairbanks, Kelli, Finley, Samantha, Forknall, Nora, Francis, Audrey, Hopkins, Gary Patrick, Joyce, Emily M., Kim, SungJin, Kirk, Nicole A., Kovalyak, Julie, Lauchie, Shirley A., Lohff, Alanna, Maldonado, Charli, Manley, Emily A., McLin, Sari, Mooney, Caroline, Ndama, Miatta, Ogundeyi, Omotara, Okeoma, Nneoma, Ordish, Christopher, Padilla, Nicholas, Patrick, Christopher M., Paterson, Tyler, Phillips, Elliott E., Phillips, Emily M., Rampally, Neha, Ribeiro, Caitlin, Robertson, Madelaine K., Rymer, Jon Thomson, Ryan, Sean M., Sammons, Megan, Scott, Anne K., Scott, Ashley L., Shinomiya, Aya, Smith, Claire, Smith, Kelsey, Smith, Natalie L., Sobeski, Margaret A., Suleiman, Alia, Swift, Jackie, Takemura, Satoko, Talebi, Iris, Tarnogorska, Dorota, Tenshaw, Emily, Tokhi, Temour, Walsh, John J., Yang, Tansy, Horne, Jane Anne, Li, Feng, Parekh, Ruchi, Rivlin, Patricia K., Jayaraman, Vivek, Costa, Marta, Jefferis, Gregory S. X. E., Ito, Kei, Saalfeld, Stephan, George, Reed, Meinertzhagen, Ian A., Rubin, Gerald M., Hess, Harald F., Jain, Viren, Plaza, Stephen M., Scheffer, Louis K., Xu, C. Shan, Januszewski, Michal, Lu, Zhiyuan, Takemura, Shin-ya, Hayworth, Kenneth J., Huang, Gary B., Shinomiya, Kazunori, Maitlin-Shepard, Jeremy, Berg, Stuart, Clements, Jody, Hubbard, Philip M., Katz, William T., Umayam, Lowell, Zhao, Ting, Ackerman, David, Blakely, Tim, Bogovic, John, Dolafi, Tom, Kainmueller, Dagmar, Kawase, Takashi, Khairy, Khaled A., Leavitt, Laramie, Li, Peter H., Lindsey, Larry, Neubarth, Nicole, Olbris, Donald J., Otsuna, Hideo, Trautman, Eric T., Ito, Masayoshi, Bates, Alexander S., Goldammer, Jens, Wolff, Tanya, Svirskas, Robert, Schlegel, Philipp, Neace, Erika, Knecht, Christopher J., Alvarado, Chelsea X., Bailey, Dennis A., Ballinger, Samantha, Borycz, Jolanta A., Canino, Brandon S., Cheatham, Natasha, Cook, Michael, Dreher, Marisa, Duclos, Octave, Eubanks, Bryon, Fairbanks, Kelli, Finley, Samantha, Forknall, Nora, Francis, Audrey, Hopkins, Gary Patrick, Joyce, Emily M., Kim, SungJin, Kirk, Nicole A., Kovalyak, Julie, Lauchie, Shirley A., Lohff, Alanna, Maldonado, Charli, Manley, Emily A., McLin, Sari, Mooney, Caroline, Ndama, Miatta, Ogundeyi, Omotara, Okeoma, Nneoma, Ordish, Christopher, Padilla, Nicholas, Patrick, Christopher M., Paterson, Tyler, Phillips, Elliott E., Phillips, Emily M., Rampally, Neha, Ribeiro, Caitlin, Robertson, Madelaine K., Rymer, Jon Thomson, Ryan, Sean M., Sammons, Megan, Scott, Anne K., Scott, Ashley L., Shinomiya, Aya, Smith, Claire, Smith, Kelsey, Smith, Natalie L., Sobeski, Margaret A., Suleiman, Alia, Swift, Jackie, Takemura, Satoko, Talebi, Iris, Tarnogorska, Dorota, Tenshaw, Emily, Tokhi, Temour, Walsh, John J., Yang, Tansy, Horne, Jane Anne, Li, Feng, Parekh, Ruchi, Rivlin, Patricia K., Jayaraman, Vivek, Costa, Marta, Jefferis, Gregory S. X. E., Ito, Kei, Saalfeld, Stephan, George, Reed, Meinertzhagen, Ian A., Rubin, Gerald M., Hess, Harald F., Jain, Viren, and Plaza, Stephen M.

Abstract

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Improved methods include new procedures to prepare, image, align, segment, find synapses in, and proofread such large data sets. We define cell types, refine computational compartments, and provide an exhaustive atlas of cell examples and types, many of them novel. We provide detailed circuits consisting of neurons and their chemical synapses for most of the central brain. We make the data public and simplify access, reducing the effort needed eLife digest Animal brains of all sizes, from the smallest to the largest, work in broadly similar ways. Studying the brain of any one animal in depth can thus reveal the general principles behind the workings of all brains. The fruit fly Drosophila is a popular choice for such research. With about 100,000 neurons - compared to some 86 billion in humans - the fly brain is small enough to study at the level of individual cells. But it nevertheless supports a range of complex behaviors, including navigation, courtship and learning. Thanks to decades of research, scientists now have a good understanding of which parts of the fruit fly brain support particular behaviors. But exactly how they do this is often unclear. This is because previous studies showing the connections between cells only covered small areas of the brain. This is like trying to understand a novel when all you can see is a few isolated paragraphs. To solve this problem, Scheffer, Xu, Januszewski, Lu, Takemura, Hayworth, Huang, Shinomiya et al. prepared the first complete map of the entire central region of the fruit fly brain. The central brain consists of approximately 25,000 neurons and around 20 million connections. To prepare the map - or connectome - the brain was cut into very thin 8nm slices and photographed with an electron microscope. A three-dimensional

Published
2020

18. A Connectome of the Adult Drosophila Central Brain

Author

Xu, C. Shan, primary, Januszewski, Michal, additional, Lu, Zhiyuan, additional, Takemura, Shin-ya, additional, Hayworth, Kenneth J., additional, Huang, Gary, additional, Shinomiya, Kazunori, additional, Maitin-Shepard, Jeremy, additional, Ackerman, David, additional, Berg, Stuart, additional, Blakely, Tim, additional, Bogovic, John, additional, Clements, Jody, additional, Dolafi, Tom, additional, Hubbard, Philip, additional, Kainmueller, Dagmar, additional, Katz, William, additional, Kawase, Takashi, additional, Khairy, Khaled A., additional, Leavitt, Laramie, additional, Li, Peter H., additional, Lindsey, Larry, additional, Neubarth, Nicole, additional, Olbris, Donald J., additional, Otsuna, Hideo, additional, Troutman, Eric T., additional, Umayam, Lowell, additional, Zhao, Ting, additional, Ito, Masayoshi, additional, Goldammer, Jens, additional, Wolff, Tanya, additional, Svirskas, Robert, additional, Schlegel, Philipp, additional, Neace, Erika R., additional, Knecht, Christopher J., additional, Alvarado, Chelsea X., additional, Bailey, Dennis A., additional, Ballinger, Samantha, additional, Borycz, Jolanta A, additional, Canino, Brandon S., additional, Cheatham, Natasha, additional, Cook, Michael, additional, Dreher, Marisa, additional, Duclos, Octave, additional, Eubanks, Bryon, additional, Fairbanks, Kelli, additional, Finley, Samantha, additional, Forknall, Nora, additional, Francis, Audrey, additional, Hopkins, Gary Patrick, additional, Joyce, Emily M., additional, Kim, SungJin, additional, Kirk, Nicole A., additional, Kovalyak, Julie, additional, Lauchie, Shirley A., additional, Lohff, Alanna, additional, Maldonado, Charli, additional, Manley, Emily A., additional, McLin, Sari, additional, Mooney, Caroline, additional, Ndama, Miatta, additional, Ogundeyi, Omotara, additional, Okeoma, Nneoma, additional, Ordish, Christopher, additional, Padilla, Nicholas, additional, Patrick, Christopher, additional, Paterson, Tyler, additional, Phillips, Elliott E., additional, Phillips, Emily M., additional, Rampally, Neha, additional, Ribeiro, Caitlin, additional, Robertson, Madelaine K, additional, Rymer, Jon Thomson, additional, Ryan, Sean M., additional, Sammons, Megan, additional, Scott, Anne K., additional, Scott, Ashley L., additional, Shinomiya, Aya, additional, Smith, Claire, additional, Smith, Kelsey, additional, Smith, Natalie L., additional, Sobeski, Margaret A., additional, Suleiman, Alia, additional, Swift, Jackie, additional, Takemura, Satoko, additional, Talebi, Iris, additional, Tarnogorska, Dorota, additional, Tenshaw, Emily, additional, Tokhi, Temour, additional, Walsh, John J., additional, Yang, Tansy, additional, Horne, Jane Anne, additional, Li, Feng, additional, Parekh, Ruchi, additional, Rivlin, Patricia K., additional, Jayaraman, Vivek, additional, Ito, Kei, additional, Saalfeld, Stephan, additional, George, Reed, additional, Meinertzhagen, Ian, additional, Rubin, Gerald M., additional, Hess, Harald F., additional, Scheffer, Louis K., additional, Jain, Viren, additional, and Plaza, Stephen M., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Review of Quasi-Analytical and Cavity Expansion Methods for Projectile Penetration of Concrete Targets

Author

Robert Sobeski and Girum S. Urgessa

Subjects
Engineering, Basis (linear algebra), business.industry, Projectile, Experimental data, Building and Construction, Structural engineering, Mechanics, Mechanics of Materials, Penetration (warfare), Penetration mechanics, Impact, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, business, Penetration depth
Abstract

This paper presents state-of-the art review on the development of quasi-analytical and cavity expansion methods that are used to determine projectile penetration of targets, dating back to the middle of the 20th century. The paper briefly describes the three general approaches used in determining the impact mechanics of targets subjected to projectiles; quasi-analytical, analytical and numerical approaches. Then, the paper provides detailed review of quasi-analytical and analytical methods because they are quite important in characterizing small-scale or large-scale experimental data; developing a basic understanding of the penetration mechanics; and making faster predictions of global parameters such as penetration depth within the limits of applicability of the methods. Quasi-analytical methods are employed when the physical phenomenon being described is highly complex and dependent upon variables that are difficult to isolate and control. These methods often have, at their core, fundamental basis in physics such as Newton's second law of motion. A list of well-known quasi-analytical equations used for determining depth of penetration into concrete targets is provided. The Sandia National Laboratory equations are provided as an example because they are developed from comprehensive database of tests. Analytical methods attempt to provide a correlation between many of the variables in the phenomenon being modeled. They are typically based on solving differential equations of continuum mechanics. However, these methods typically rely on assuming material properties which are necessary to arrive at closed-form solutions. A detailed review of analytical equations that are based on the cavity expansion method, supplemented with experimental data obtained from penetration experiments, is provided. Although the majority of the review includes analytical equations used for concrete targets, these equations trace their origin in the earlier works of penetration of metal and soil targets, which are included in cavity expansion method chronology provided in the paper.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Medication access: Policy and practice opportunities for pharmacists.

Author

Sobeski, Linda M., Schumacher, Christine A., Alvarez, Nancy A., Anderson, Keri C., Bradley, Bridget, Crowe, Susie J., Merlo, Jessica R., Nyame, Adwoa, Rivera, Kelley S., Shapiro, Nancy L., Spencer, Dustin D., and Dril, Elizabeth

Subjects
PHARMACISTS, HEALTH outcome assessment, CLINICAL pharmacology
Abstract

Medication access is critical to achieving optimal patient outcomes. The 2020 Task Force on Medication Access was charged with developing an ACCP white paper on improving medication access that addresses barriers such as cost, health disparities, and utilization management practices. This white paper outlines major barriers to medication access and provides pharmacists and professional organizations with policy and practice recommendations to help reduce barriers, enhance medication access, and fulfill the goal of optimal patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Factors Associated With Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Rural, Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Author

Marcia Y. Shade, Gleb Haynatzki, Claudia M Chaperon, Linda Sobeski, Bernice C. Yates, and Ann M. Berger

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, medicine.medical_specialty, Prescription Drugs, Potentially Inappropriate Medication List, medicine.drug_class, Psychological intervention, Gerontological nursing, Nonprescription Drugs, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Anticholinergic, medicine, Humans, Medication Errors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Adverse effect, General Nursing, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Public health, Odds ratio, Confidence interval, Emergency medicine, Female, Independent Living, business, Gerontology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use is a serious public health problem in older adults because it may lead to adverse events. The purpose of the current study was to explore PIM use in rural, community-dwelling older adults. Participants ( N = 138) underwent one-on-one medication reviews. Approximately one half (49%) of the sample used prescribed and over-the-counter (OTC) PIM. Prescribed and OTC nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (33%) and anticholinergic medications (28%) were the most frequently used PIM. Use of PIM was associated with a higher number of medications ( r = 0.331, p < 0.01), more medical providers ( r = 0.223, p < 0.001), and poor physical health ( r = −0.193, p < 0.05). Higher number of medications increased the probability of PIM use by 85% (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval [1.19, 2.84]). Findings highlight the importance of re-evaluating the monitoring of medications in rural, community-dwelling older adults and the need for sustainable interventions to reduce prescribing and OTC PIM use. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43 (9), 21–30.]

Published
2016

24. Genome Sequence of Mycobacteriophage Phayonce

Author

Zachary J. Kramer, Welkin H. Pope, Charles A. Bowman, Nancy L. Adkins, Matthew T. Montgomery, Marcie H. Warner, Madison B. Werner, Daniel A. Russell, Courtney A. Johnson, Margaret A. Sobeski, Sarah R. Grubb, Brooke L. Kihle, Graham F. Hatfull, and Emily Jacobetz

Subjects
Whole genome sequencing, Genetics, Mycobacteriophage, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Viruses, Nucleic acid sequence, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Molecular Biology, Genome, Gene
Abstract

Mycobacteriophage Phayonce is a newly isolated phage recovered from a soil sample in Pittsburgh, PA, using Mycobacterium smegmatis mc 2 155 as a host. Phayonce's genome is 49,203 bp long and contains 77 protein-coding genes, 23 of them having predicted functions. Phayonce shares a strong similarity in nucleotide sequence with phages of cluster P.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Concrete Material Flow during Projectile Penetration

Author

Girum S. Urgessa and Robert Sobeski

Subjects
Materials science, Transition point, Projectile, Computation, Mechanics, Penetration (firestop), EPIC, Finite element method, Material flow, Velocity vector
Abstract

The penetration of ogive-nose projectiles into concrete targets is investigated using finite element analyses. The Elastic-Plastic Impact Computation (EPIC) is used to examine the velocity vector fields of high and low-strength target material during concrete penetration. The velocity fields represent the flow of the target material around the nose of the projectile, and provide information about the concrete’s penetration resistance behavior. The simulations show that material flow patterns transition during a penetration event. The dependence of this transition point as a function of concrete strength and impact velocity is presented. A Spherical Expansion Comparison Methodology (SECM) is developed to provide possible physical interpretations of the observed transition points. Structural engineers and model developers looking to improve the accuracy of current analytical concrete penetration models will benefit from the findings of this paper.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Genome Sequence of Mycobacteriophage Phayonce

Author

Pope, Welkin H., primary, Jacobetz, Emily, additional, Johnson, Courtney A., additional, Kihle, Brooke L., additional, Sobeski, Margaret A., additional, Werner, Madison B., additional, Adkins, Nancy L., additional, Kramer, Zachary J., additional, Montgomery, Matthew T., additional, Grubb, Sarah R., additional, Warner, Marcie H., additional, Bowman, Charles A., additional, Russell, Daniel A., additional, and Hatfull, Graham F., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Functional and structural effects of GM-1 ganglioside treatment on peripheral nerve grafting in the rat

Author

Mark H. Gonzalez, James K. Sobeski, James M. Kerns, F B A John Safanda, and Susan Shott

Subjects
Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Neural Conduction, G(M1) Ganglioside, Nerve conduction velocity, Lesion, Gastrocnemius muscle, Atrophy, medicine, Animals, business.industry, Sensory loss, medicine.disease, Sciatic Nerve, Muscle atrophy, Nerve Regeneration, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, Rats, Inbred Lew, Anesthesia, Surgery, Sciatic nerve, medicine.symptom, business, Sensory nerve
Abstract

Peripheral nerve regeneration after traumatic injury and standard repair with a nerve autograft is usually incomplete. This study tested the influence of graft vascularity and pharmacological intervention with GM-1 ganglioside on nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve model. Controls included an unoperated contralateral side and sham-operated groups either with or without the GM-1. During the 5 months of recovery, locomotion was tested by the sciatic function index (SFI). At killing, anesthetized animals were prepared for nerve conduction velocity (NCV) studies, followed by the wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle (expression of atrophy), toe-chewing (expression of lesion severity and sensory loss), and histological examination of the nerve segments. The SFI showed a slight but significant recovery for both the vascular and avascular groups (34% at 20 weeks), but when GM-1 ganglioside treatment was included, the SFI was poor throughout (20-33%). The average NCV of the graft groups without GM-1 was 46% to 57% of the normal nerve (52.7 m/s), whereas for the groups treated with GM-1, it was 63% to 64% of normal; treatment of the non-vascular graft group significantly improved recovery. A uniformly poor recovery from muscle atrophy was seen for all nerve graft groups (62-67%) compared with normal controls. The mean number of toes per foot chewed was 1.9 and 2.4 in graft groups without GM-1 treatment and 0.9 and 1.3 in graft groups treated with GM-1. This treatment significantly reduced both the extent and the number of animals exhibiting autotomy. The qualitative microscopic appearance of the distal nerve segment in all surgical groups was similar. We conclude that the systemic addition of GM-1 ganglioside enhances only some aspects of regeneration in grafted nerves, possibly with a preferential effect on sensory nerve regeneration and functional recovery.

Published
2001

31. The Older Homeless Woman's Perspective Regarding Antecedents to Homelessness

Author

Berg, Judith, Badger, Terry, McEwen, Marylyn M, Hightower, Judy Sobeski, Berg, Judith, Badger, Terry, McEwen, Marylyn M, and Hightower, Judy Sobeski

Abstract

Homelessness is one of the most complex social issues today and has become a significant and growing problem. The homeless population is a heterogeneous group with women and families among the fastest growing segment. The paucity of research specifically focusing on older homeless women does little to answer the question regarding causes of homelessness in this population. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe the older homeless woman's perspective of antecedents to homelessness and answer the research questions: 1) what was your life like before you became homeless and 2) what do you believe the cause of homelessness was for you? This study, guided by a feminist perspective, was conducted to explore and capture the complexities of the experience for older women. Data analysis, using qualitative content analysis techniques, identified three themes which described antecedents to homelessness. The themes were Personal Accountability, Difficult Life Circumstances and Lack of Support Networks. All themes were interrelated and offered a perspective regarding the steady progression into homelessness for older women. Themes Difficult Life Circumstances and Lack of Social Networks reflected previously documented findings, however, the theme Personal Accountability revealed antecedents not expressed before in the literature. This studies significance will be its contribution to the body of nursing knowledge through exploration and description of information regarding antecedents to homelessness and lays the groundwork for the design of appropriate interventions and future research.

Published
2009

32. Dupuytren's disease in African-Americans

Author

J. Sobeski, Mark H. Gonzalez, Norman Weinzweig, Steven I. Grindel, and Boonmee Chunprapaph

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Dupuytren Contracture, Population, Black People, Disease, 030230 surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Deformity, Humans, education, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, 030222 orthopedics, Transplantation, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Follow up studies, Middle Aged, Surgery, body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Upper limb, Female, Contracture, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Seventeen African-American patients were operated on for Dupuytren’s contracture over a 14-year period. Six-month minimum follow-up was available for 16 patients. The initial deformity, and results of surgical release of Dupuytren’s contracture in this population was similar to that described in North Europeans.

Published
1998

33. Pentobarbital quantification in the presence of phenobarbital by fluorescence polarization immunoassay

Author

R, Earl, L, Sobeski, D, Timko, and R, Markin

Subjects
Phenobarbital, Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay, Humans, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Cross Reactions, Pentobarbital, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Abstract

We developed a method for measuring pentobarbital in samples that also contain phenobarbital. The phenobarbital is destroyed by adding sodium hydroxide and then heating at 95 degrees C for 60 min. Pentobarbital is not affected by this pretreatment and can then be measured with an Abbott TDx barbiturates kit. Using this method, we obtained an average analytical recovery of 98% of added pentobarbital and a correlation of y = 0.953x + 3.4 vs HPLC. The intra-assay CV was 3.7% at 25.8 mg/L; the interassay CV was 6.2% at 16.1 mg/L. Other long-acting barbiturates, e.g., hexobarbital, are also effectively destroyed by this alkali pretreatment. Other short-acting barbiturates, e.g., secobarbital, are not removed and would produce an interference.

Published
1991

34. Assay methods for cyclosporine monitoring following liver transplantation

Author

M. C. Haven, Linda Sobeski, Rodney S. Markin, and Robert A. Earl

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Graft Rejection, medicine.medical_treatment, Metabolite, Clinical Biochemistry, Radioimmunoassay, Cyclosporins, Pharmacology, Liver transplantation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Immunoassay, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Clinical events, Biochemistry (medical), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Hematology, Liver Transplantation, Medical Laboratory Technology, chemistry, Therapeutic drug monitoring, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Fluorescence polarization immunoassay, business
Abstract

This article reviews therapeutic drug monitoring for cyclosporine in liver transplantation. Brief descriptions of various immunoassay methods include sample matrix selection, assay reagents, and metabolite cross-reactivity information. Multiple comparisons of the various methods are outlined. Examples of the method-dependent relationship between clinical events and changes in cyclosporine concentration are presented. Other potential predictors of liver allograft function are listed.

Published
1990

39. Cyclosporine concentrations in blood after liver transplantation: correlation of immunoassay results with clinical events

Author

R S Markin, Linda Sobeski, Robert A. Earl, and M. C. Haven

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Clinical events, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, Urology, Renal function, Radioimmunoassay, Liver transplantation, Nephrotoxicity, Immunoassay, Blood plasma, medicine, Whole blood
Abstract

To investigate the clinical utility of immunoassays for cyclosporine and metabolites in plasma and whole blood, we monitored 25 patients after orthotopic liver transplantation. We compared cyclosporine as measured by TDx fluorescence polarization immunoassay (of both plasma and whole blood) and by two polyclonal radioimmunoassays (from Sandoz and INCSTAR). We found considerable differences in measured cyclosporine concentrations, which were dependent on method, matrix, and clinical condition. Correlation coefficients between results by the various methods for samples from individual patients ranged from 0.825 to 0.996. The three methods used for monitoring cyclosporine in whole blood gave proportional results (Sandoz less than INCSTAR less than TDx) in individual patients, but results for the two methods for plasma sometimes differed by more than 100%. In some cases, ratios of plasma cyclosporine concentration (result by TDx/result by Sandoz) were correlated with disturbances in hepatic excretory function or kidney function. This ratio may be useful in monitoring for nephrotoxicity.

Published
1989
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. The Primitive

Author

IRENA PIOTROWSKA and MICHAL SOBESKI

Subjects
Philosophy, Visual Arts and Performing Arts, Music
Published
1941
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Escherichia coli metHGene Encoding Cobalamin-dependent Methionine Synthase and Isolation of a Tryptic Fragment Containing the Cobalamin-binding Domain

Author

Banerjee, R V, Johnston, N L, Sobeski, J K, Datta, P, and Matthews, R G

Abstract

A gene encoding cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase (EC 2.1.1.13) has been isolated from a plasmid library of Escherichia coliK-12 DNA by complementation to methionine prototrophy in an E. colistrain lacking both cobalamin-dependent and -independent methionine synthase activities (RK4536:metE, metHH). Maxicell expression of a series of plasmids containing deletions in the metHstructural gene was employed to map the position and orientation of the gene on the cloned DNA fragment. A 6.3-kilobase EcoRI-SalI fragment containing the gene was cloned into the sequencing vector pGEM3B for double-stranded DNA sequencing; the MetH coding region consists of 3372 nucleotides. The enzyme was purified from an overproducing strain of E. coliharboring the recombinant plasmid, in which the level of methionine synthase was elevated 30- to 40-fold over wild-type E. coli. Recombinant enzyme is a protein of 123,640 molecular weight and has a turnover number of 1,450 min-1 in the standard assay. These values are to be compared with previously reported values of 133,000 for the molecular weight and 1,240–1,560 min-1 for the turnover number of the homogenous enzyme purified from a wild-type strain of E. coliB (Frasca, V., Banerjee, R. V., Dunham, W. R., Sands, R. H., and Matthews, R. G. (1988) Biochemistry27, 8458–8465). Limited proteolysis of the native enzyme with trypsin resulted in loss of enzyme activity but retention of bound cobalamin on a peptide fragment of 28,000 molecular weight. This fragment has been shown to extend from residue 643 to residue 900 of the 1124-residue deduced amino acid sequence.

Published
1989
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Cyclosporine concentrations in blood after liver transplantation: correlation of immunoassay results with clinical events

Author

M C, Haven, L M, Sobeski, R A, Earl, and R S, Markin

Subjects
Adult, Graft Rejection, Immunoassay, Male, Quality Control, Autoanalysis, Adolescent, Liver Diseases, Radioimmunoassay, Infant, Cyclosporins, Fluorescence Polarization, Middle Aged, Liver Transplantation, Liver, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Kidney Diseases, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Child
Abstract

To investigate the clinical utility of immunoassays for cyclosporine and metabolites in plasma and whole blood, we monitored 25 patients after orthotopic liver transplantation. We compared cyclosporine as measured by TDx fluorescence polarization immunoassay (of both plasma and whole blood) and by two polyclonal radioimmunoassays (from Sandoz and INCSTAR). We found considerable differences in measured cyclosporine concentrations, which were dependent on method, matrix, and clinical condition. Correlation coefficients between results by the various methods for samples from individual patients ranged from 0.825 to 0.996. The three methods used for monitoring cyclosporine in whole blood gave proportional results (Sandoz less than INCSTAR less than TDx) in individual patients, but results for the two methods for plasma sometimes differed by more than 100%. In some cases, ratios of plasma cyclosporine concentration (result by TDx/result by Sandoz) were correlated with disturbances in hepatic excretory function or kidney function. This ratio may be useful in monitoring for nephrotoxicity.

Published
1989

43. Cloning and sequence analysis of the Escherichia coli metH gene encoding cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase and isolation of a tryptic fragment containing the cobalamin-binding domain

Author

R V, Banerjee, N L, Johnston, J K, Sobeski, P, Datta, and R G, Matthews

Subjects
Binding Sites, Base Sequence, Genotype, Protein Conformation, Molecular Sequence Data, Restriction Mapping, Methyltransferases, 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase, Peptide Fragments, Molecular Weight, Kinetics, Vitamin B 12, Genes, Genes, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, Trypsin, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Plasmids, Protein Binding
Abstract

A gene encoding cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase (EC 2.1.1.13) has been isolated from a plasmid library of Escherichia coli K-12 DNA by complementation to methionine prototrophy in an E. coli strain lacking both cobalamin-dependent and -independent methionine synthase activities (RK4536:metE, metHH). Maxicell expression of a series of plasmids containing deletions in the metH structural gene was employed to map the position and orientation of the gene on the cloned DNA fragment. A 6.3-kilobase EcoRI-SalI fragment containing the gene was cloned into the sequencing vector pGEM3B for double-stranded DNA sequencing; the MetH coding region consists of 3372 nucleotides. The enzyme was purified from an overproducing strain of E. coli harboring the recombinant plasmid, in which the level of methionine synthase was elevated 30- to 40-fold over wild-type E. coli. Recombinant enzyme is a protein of 123,640 molecular weight and has a turnover number of 1,450 min-1 in the standard assay. These values are to be compared with previously reported values of 133,000 for the molecular weight and 1,240-1,560 min-1 for the turnover number of the homogenous enzyme purified from a wild-type strain of E. coli B (Frasca, V., Banerjee, R. V., Dunham, W. R., Sands, R. H., and Matthews, R. G. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 8458-8465). Limited proteolysis of the native enzyme with trypsin resulted in loss of enzyme activity but retention of bound cobalamin on a peptide fragment of 28,000 molecular weight. This fragment has been shown to extend from residue 643 to residue 900 of the 1124-residue deduced amino acid sequence.

Published
1989

44. Letters.

Author

Kittel RA, Faison LR, Whitehouse L, Johns CL, Sikorski B, and Sobeski C

Published
1981

45. Reconciliation : song

Author

Urmy, Clarence Thomas, 1858-1923, Sobeski, Carl, Urmy, Clarence Thomas, 1858-1923, and Sobeski, Carl

Abstract

Title page : Drawings of clovers, in dark green ink & light green ink., 1 medium voice, 1 piano, This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Published
1907

46. Hush my babe

Author

Sobeski, Carl and Sobeski, Carl

Abstract

Title page : Drawings of vines, leaves, & flowers. In dark green ink., 1 medium voice, 1 piano, This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Published
1905

49. Letters.

Author

E.B.W., Kittel, Ruth Ann, Faison, Linzey R., Whitehouse, Larry, Johns, Cynthia L., Sikorski, Betty, and Sobeski, Carole

Published
1981

50. LETTERS.

Author

Myers, Roger, Wintermute, Tim, and Sobeski, Darrell

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, OLDER people, CITIES & towns, RESIDENTS, POPULATION
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "State Needs Its Older Residents to Stay," in the April 9, 2007 issue and "Joint Efforts Can Rebuild Our Region," in the April 16, 2007 issue.

Published
2007

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results