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We aimed to characterize the expression of angiogenesis-related genes in corpus luteum (CL) and cumulus cells (CC) during estrous cycle in gilts of different genetic groups, as well as to study the relation between gene expression and phenotypic data. Forty five gilts were used as follows: L1, Commercial Line 1 (Large White x Landrace x Duroc) (n = 15); L2, Commercial Line 2 (Large White x Landrace x Pietrain) (n = 15); and Piau, Piau breed gilts (n = 15). Estrus observation started from 120 days of age. After the second observed estrus females were slaughtered (n = 3) on days 3, 5, 10, 14 and 18 of estrous cycle (first day of estrous cycle as Day 0). CL sampling was performed on days 3, 5, 10 and 14 and collection of CC and follicular fluid on days 14 and 18. Follicular fluid was used for analysis of estradiol levels and CC and CL samples for analysis of angiogenesis-related genes expression, ANGPT-1/-2 and TEK in CC and MMP-2, VEGFA, VEGFR-1/-2, ANGPT-1/-2 and TEK in CL. Piau gilts showed lower ovulation rate than both L1 and L2 gilts (P 0.05), lower number of large antral follicles (6 mm) at 18 days than L2 gilts (P 0.05), and smaller diameter of the largest follicles at 14 days than L1 gilts (P 0.05). Piau and L2 gilts showed higher estradiol levels in follicular fluid on day 18. Expression of ANGPT-1 and -2 genes in CC did not differ among genetic groups neither among days of the estrous cycle, but TEK gene expression was higher in L1 than L2 gilts on day 18. Expression of VEGFA, VEGFR-2 and MMP-2 genes in CL did not differ among genetic groups and days of cycle, but VEGFR-1 expression was higher in Piau than L2 gilts on days 10 and 14, and it was higher in L1 than L2 gilts on day 14. The ANGPT-1/-2 and TEK genes expression in CL were significantly higher in Piau than L1 gilts on day 10. The ANGPT-2/ANGPT-1 gene expression ratio in CL was higher in L1 than Piau and L2 gilts at 14 days, suggesting a shorter luteal phase for L1 gilts. Results indicated differences among genetic groups for the pattern of the angiogenesis-related genes expression in CL along estrous cycles, which may be reflected in phenotypic traits such as ovulation rate, estradiol levels in follicular fluid and number and diameter of antral follicles.

O estudo deste artigo tem como foco principal a compreensão da leitura como objeto de conhecimento, levando em consideração que a leitura vai muito além do passar os olhos diante do texto. A pesquisa foi realizada com seis professoras que atuam no 3° ano do Ensino Fundamental, no município de Içara/SC. A abordagem desta pesquisa foi de cunho qualitativo, sendo que os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista com perguntas semiestruturadas. Está presente nesta pesquisa o seguinte problema: qual a importância do papel do docente como mediador no processo de formação de leitores? Nesse sentido, para gerar resultados, optou-se por problematizar a importância do papel do professor como mediador do processo de formação de leitores como objetivo geral. Assim, a formação de leitores não se realiza pela expressão do gosto ou de leituras que agradem aos alunos, mas sim como uma maneira de agregar conhecimento àquilo que está sendo lido. Neste trabalho, constata-se, também, a importância de o professor de leitura ser um professor-leitor, para, assim, poder instigar o desejo nos alunos de realizar a leitura, sendo o exemplo. É salientado, neste artigo, a questão das escolhas dos livros na biblioteca pelos alunos, sendo que os discentes devem ser encaminhados até a biblioteca sob a orientação do docente, para escolherem livros que abordem os conteúdos que estão sendo trabalhados em sala de aula. Os principais autores que fundamentaram este artigo e são citados com maior ênfase são Antunes (2003), Britto (2012) e Solé (1998).PALAVRAS CHAVE: Letramento. Formação Leitora. Professor-Leitor. Estratégias de Leitura. Biblioteca Escolar.

The objective was to study the use of ultrasound as a complementary test in the breeding soundness evaluation in male pigs and study the pattern of echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma in boars of different racial groups. Twenty-six adult boars from four different racial groups were used, 10 from the Piau breed (group 1), four from the commercial and finishing group (group 2), six Pietrain breed (group 3) and six from the Duroc breed (group 4). All animals were evaluated for breeding soundness evaluation and the ultrasound examination of the testicles. The groups of animals that were evaluated showed no difference in the main semen parameters that were evaluated, except for the sperm volume, concentration of the ejaculated sperm and the supravital staining; the lowest figures were for the animals from the Piau breed (group 1). In relation to the testicular biometrics, Duroc animals (group 4) had a greater scrotal width compared to the other groups. But when we assessed the intensity of pixels of the testicles, there was a difference between groups. The groups 2 (finishing animals), 3 (Pietrain) and 4 had no difference between themselves. Group 3 had greater pixel intensity in relation to group 1. Of the 26 animals studied, five showed an abnormality during ultrasound evaluation, like hydrocele, hyperechoic mass in the testicular parenchyma, cyst in the head of the epididymis and the presence of fluid in the head and tail of the epididymis. The various animal groups studied did not differ in the principal reproductive parameters evaluated, showing that despite the great variability of reproductive traits between breeds and within the same breed, the breeding soundness evaluation, the more complete it is, is essential for the selection of breeders and the ultrasonography of the reproductive system becomes an important addition in this examination.

BACKGROUND Bulls are of great importance in the productive chain and for this reason they should have a good semen quality. There is no doubt that sperm morphology is very important to bull fertility, although little is known about how exactly the abnormal morphologies may affect sperm functions. OBJECTIVES To detail the morphological description of the aplastic midpiece defect (AMD), as well as to understand its consequences for male fertility based on membrane and acrosome status, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA integrity parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bulls were divided into two groups: control, consisting of satisfactory potential breeders (n = 3); and AMD, consisting of unsatisfactory potential breeders with a high percentage of AMD (n = 3). Bulls were evaluated by the breeding soundness evaluation; five ejaculates were collected from each animal and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Spermatozoa from AMD group exhibited lower sperm motility and vigor (p

Nonlinear mixed models were used to describe longitudinal scrotal circumference (SC) measurements of Nellore bulls. Models comparisons were based on Akaike's information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, error sum of squares, adjusted R2 and percentage of convergence. Sequentially, the best model was used to compare the SC growth curve in bulls divergently classified according to SC at 18-21 months of age. For this, bulls were classified into five groups: SC < 28cm; 28cm ≤ SC < 30cm, 30cm ≤ SC < 32cm, 32cm ≤ SC < 34cm and SC ≥ 34cm. Michaelis-Menten model showed the best fit according to the mentioned criteria. In this model, β1 is the asymptotic SC value and β2 represents the time to half-final growth and may be related to sexual precocity. Parameters of the individual estimated growth curves were used to create a new dataset to evaluate the effect of the classification, farms, and year of birth on β1 and β2 parameters. Bulls of the largest SC group presented a larger predicted SC along all analyzed periods; nevertheless, smaller SC group showed predicted SC similar to intermediate SC groups (28cm ≤ SC < 32cm), around 1200 days of age. In this context, bulls classified as improper for reproduction at 18-21 months old can reach a similar condition to those considered as good condition. In terms of classification at 18-21 months, asymptotic SC was similar among groups, farms and years; however, β2 differed among groups indicating that differences in growth curves are related to sexual precocity. In summary, it seems that selection based on SC at too early ages may lead to discard bulls with suitable reproductive potential.

In view of the importance of the genetic material of local breeds in the swine industry and the lack of information about reproductive performance of Piau females, two experiments were conducted to evaluate puberty and sexual maturity as well as the morphometry of embryos/fetuses, placenta and uterus during the first 90 days of gestation in Piau breed and Commercial line gilts. In experiment I, 37 Piau and 25 commercial line gilts were used. From the 120 days of age, detection of estrus was performed using mature boars from the first to third estrus of each gilt. Data regarding to age, body weight and estrus duration were recorded. After third estrus, females were slaughtered and ovaries were collected to determine ovulation rate. In experiment II, 36 Piau and 18 commercial line gilts were distributed into three groups according to the mating: Commercial, commercial line females x commercial line male; cross-mated, Piau females x commercial line male; and Piau, Piau females x Piau male. Gilts were slaughtered at 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days of pregnancy. Piau females reached puberty and sexual maturity at the same age as commercial line females, but with lower weight; moreover, Piau group showed negative correlations of birth weight with puberty (−0.27) and sexual maturity (−0.29). Commercial gilts presented higher ovulation rate, weight and length of uterus, and length and thoracic circumference of fetuses. Nevertheless, number of fetuses was similar in all groups at 90 days of gestation suggesting that Piau females present higher survival rates of the conceptuses. The results showed differences between the genetic groups related to fetal and placental development, gestational losses, number of ovulations and uterine development. In addition, an intermediate status of fetal weight was observed in Piau/Commercial line crossbred conceptuses; thus, the selection of Piau females on reproductive traits to be mated with commercial line males would be an alternative to contribute to improvement of intramuscular fat content.

Introduction: All patients undergoing liver transplantation require lifelong treatment with immunosuppressive agents in order to avoid graft rejection. Objective: This study aims to characterize the immunosuppressive therapy used in liver transplantation and propose nursing interventions to manage this therapeutic group. Method: This is a documental, bibliographical and descriptive research conducted from clinical protocols of liver transplantation from the transplant centers of Ceará, Brazil. From the protocols, the immunosuppressive agents used in liver transplantation were identified and then characterized about its clinical and pharmacological characteristics from the specialized and current literature in the field of medicine and pharmacology. It then proceeded with the discussion about the proper management of this therapy by the nursing team from the evidences of Micromedex and UpToDate bases. Results: Immunosuppressive agents have specific characteristics related to their indications, mechanisms of action, adverse effects and drug interactions, in which knowing and understanding these characteristics are fundamental to the management of the therapy aiming to an adequate graft function. In this scenario, the nursing team has responsibility not only in the administration of immunosuppressive agents, but also in monitoring the results, preventing complications and promoting health education for patients and families. Conclusions: The management of immunosuppressive agents requires nursing professionals scientifically grounded about the characteristics and related care in order to ensure a safe and effective therapy, as in to support the patient with relevant guidelines, thus ensuring their empowerment in the process of self-care. Introdução: Todos os pacientes submetidos ao transplante de fígado necessitam de tratamento ao longo da vida com medicamentos imunossupressores com o intuito de evitar a rejeição do enxerto. Objetivos: O presente estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar a terapia imunossupressora utilizada no transplante de fígado e propor intervenções de enfermagem ao manejo deste grupo terapêutico. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, de caráter descritivo, realizada a partir dos protocolos clínicos de transplante de fígado das instituições transplantadoras do estado do Ceará. A partir dos protocolos, identificaram-se os imunossupressores utilizados no transplante de fígado e estes foram caracterizados a partir da literatura especializada e atualizada na área de medicina e farmacologia. Procedeu-se ainda com a discussão sobre o adequado manejo dessa terapia pela equipe de enfermagem a partir das evidências das bases Micromedex e UpToDate. Resultados: Os agentes imunossupressores possuem características específicas relacionadas às suas indicações, aos mecanismos de ação, aos efeitos adversos e às interações medicamentosas, no qual o conhecimento e compreensão dessas características são fundamentais ao manejo da terapia visando à adequada função do enxerto. Nesse cenário, a equipe de enfermagem possui responsabilidades não apenas na administração dos imunossupressores, mas também em monitorar os resultados, prever complicações e na educação em saúde dos pacientes e familiares. Conclusões: O manejo dos imunossupressores exige profissionais de enfermagem embasados cientificamente no que concerne às suas características e aos seus cuidados relacionados, a fim de garantir uma terapia segura e eficaz, como suporte para o paciente com orientações pertinentes, garantindo seu empoderamento no próprio processo de cuidar.

A series of novel xylitan derivatives derived from xylitol were synthesized using operationally simple procedures. A xylitan acetonide was the key intermediate used to prepare benzoate, arylsulfonate esters and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of xylitan. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity against trypomastigote and amastigote forms of the parasite in T. cruzi-infected cell lineages. Benznidazole was used as positive control against T. cruzi and cytotoxicity was determined in mammalian L929 cells. The arylsulfonate xylitan derivative bearing a nitro group displayed the best activity of all the compounds tested, and was slightly more potent than the reference drug benznidazole. The importance of the isopropylidene ketal moiety was established and the greater lipophilicity of these compounds suggests enhancement in cell penetration.

5ABSTRACT :This dissertation proposes an analysis of the approach to space in the cinema of Jia Zhangke— a filmmaker, who with Wang Bing, is most representative of the independent generation, or sixth generation, of Chinese cinema— as a form permitting an engagement of political consciousness through the comprehension of space. Through his aesthetics, Jia creates a cinematographic register that is both privileged witness of the processes of change in present-day China and a space subjectively reconstructed through the means of imagination and memory. This dissertation considers how his cinema expresses a subtle critique of the rapid and violent modernisation currently occurring in China, which engenders the destruction of its historical landscape, the loss of local cultural bearings, and the helplessness of those left abandoned. Through making references to traditional Chinese landscape painting, this work explores how Jia constructs the expression of this world in his cinema: as historical space, then as dialectical space, and finally as immaterial space in order to observe its historicity, to problematize its present, and finally to propose to the spectator, departing from aesthetic experience, an awareness of its medial existence carrying a force for action.; La présente thèse propose d’analyser l’approche de l’espace dans le cinéma de Jia Zhangke, le réalisateur le plus représentatif, avec Wang Bing, de la génération indépendante (ou sixième génération) du cinéma chinois, comme une appréhension dialectique, consciente des discours qu’engendrent la représentation du réel. La construction de l’espace dans ses films est ainsi une forme d’engager, par le jugement esthétique, une conscience politique du spectateur à l’appréhension du monde. Jia ainsi fait du registre cinématographique à la fois le témoin privilégié du processus de changements de la Chine actuelle et un espace reconstruit subjectivement au moyen de l’imagination et de la mémoire. Son cinéma formule ainsi une critique subtile de la modernisation rapide et violente en cours, qui engendre la destruction de son paysage historique, la perte des repères culturels de son peuple et le désarroi des gens laissés pour compte. En actualisant des références à la peinture traditionnelle de paysage en Chine, Jia Zhangke tisse l’expression du monde dans son cinéma en tant qu’espace historique, puis espace dialectique et finalement espace immatériel pour observer son historicité, problématiser son présent et finalement proposer au spectateur, à partir de l’expérience esthétique, la conscience de son existence médiale porteuse de puissance d’action.

Neutral and charge tagged reagents were used to investigate the mechanism of the classical Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction as well as its aza-version using mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-MS). The use of an acrylate (activated alkene) with a methylimidazolium ion as a charge tag eliminates the requirement for adding acids as ESI(+) additives, which are normally used to favor protonation and therefore detection of reaction partners (reagents, intermediates, and products) by ESI(+)-MS. For both charge tagged reactions (MBH/aza-MBH), most reactants, intermediates, and the final adducts were efficiently detected in the form of abundant doubly and singly charged ions. Characterization of the reactions partners was performed via both tandem mass spectrometry (ESI(+)-MS/MS) and accurate m/z measurements. The charge tagged reactions also showed faster conversion rates when compare to the neutral reaction, indicating a dualistic role for the charge tagged acrylate. It acts as both the reagent and a cocatalyst due to the inherent ionic-coordination nature of the methylimidazolium ion, which stabilizes the zwitterionic intermediates and reagents through different types of coordination ion pairs. Hemiacetal intermediates for the rate-limiting proton transfer step were also intercepted and characterized for both classical and aza-MBH charge tagged reactions.

Organoindate(III) ionic liquid (BMI·InCl4) was successfully employed in the nucleophilic addition of allyltrimethylsilane, silyl enol ethers and ketene silyl acetals to in situ generated cyclic N-acyliminium ions at room temperature without the need of an external Lewis acid. The corresponding α-substituted heterocycles were obtained in good yields and the recovered ionic liquid phase could be reused at least three times.

The acid-catalyzed addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and activated olefins (silyl enol ethers and ethyl vinyl ether) to N-Boc-2-methoxypyrrolidine ( 1a ) and N-Boc-2-methoxypiperidine ( 1b ) in SDS/water medium is described. Good yields of the corresponding 2-substituted N-Boc pyrrolidines were generally observed from 1a while moderate yields prevailed from 1b .

The InCl 3 -catalyzed addition of carbon nucleophiles to cyclic N -acyliminium and oxocarbenium ions under solvent-free conditions at room temperature is described. The corresponding α-substituted heterocycles were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.

Orientador: Ronaldo Aloise Pilli Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica Doutorado Química Orgânica Doutor em Ciências