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1. Ion manipulation from liquid Xe to vacuum: Ba-tagging for a nEXO upgrade and future $0 \nu \beta \beta$ experiments

Author

Ray, Dwaipayan, Collister, Robert, Rasiwala, Hussain, Backes, Lucas, Balbuena, Ali V., Brunner, Thomas, Casandjian, Iroise, Chambers, Chris, Cvitan, Megan, Daniels, Tim, Dilling, Jens, Elmansali, Ryan, Fairbank, William, Fudenberg, Daniel, Gornea, Razvan, Gratta, Giorgio, Iverson, Alec, Kwiatkowski, Anna A., Leach, Kyle G., Lennarz, Annika, Li, Zepeng, Medina-Peregrina, Melissa, Murray, Kevin, Sullivan, Kevin O, Ross, Regan, Shaikh, Raad, Shang, Xiao, Soderstrom, Joseph, Varentsov, Victor, and Yang, Liang

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Neutrinoless double beta decay {($0\nu\beta\beta$)} provides a way to probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The upcoming nEXO experiment will search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay in $^{136}$Xe with a projected half-life sensitivity exceeding $10^{28}$ years at the 90\% confidence level using a liquid xenon (LXe) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with 5 tonnes of Xe enriched to $\sim$90\% in the {$\beta \beta$}-decaying isotope $^{136}$Xe. In parallel, a potential future upgrade to nEXO is being investigated with the aim to further suppress radioactive backgrounds and to confirm $\beta \beta$-decay events. This technique, known as Ba-tagging, comprises extracting and identifying the $\beta \beta$-decay daughter $^{136}$Ba ion. One tagging approach being pursued involves extracting a small volume of LXe in the vicinity of a potential $\beta \beta$-decay using a capillary tube and facilitating a liquid-to-gas phase transition by heating the capillary exit. The Ba ion is then separated from the accompanying Xe gas using a radio-frequency (RF) carpet and RF funnel, conclusively identifying the ion as $^{136}$Ba via laser-fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Simultaneously, an accelerator-driven Ba ion source is being developed to validate and optimize this technique. The motivation for the project, the development of the different aspects, along with the current status and results, are discussed here., Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures

Published
2024
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2. Imaging of single barium atoms in a second matrix site in solid xenon for barium tagging in a $^{136}$Xe double beta decay experiment

Author

Yvaine, M., Fairbank, D., Soderstrom, J., Taylor, C., Stanley, J., Walton, T., Chambers, C., Iverson, A., Fairbank, W., Kharusi, S. Al, Amy, A., Angelico, E., Anker, A., Arnquist, I. J., Atencio, A., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breslin, J., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cesmecioglu, D., Chambers, E., Chana, B., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Collister, R., Cvitan, M., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., DeVoe, R., di Vacri, M. L., Dolinski, M. J., Eckert, B., Elbeltagi, M., Elmansali, R., Fatemighomi, N., Foust, B., Fu, Y. S., Gallacher, D., Gallice, N., Giacomini, G., Gillis, W., Gingras, C., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Hardy, C. A., Hedges, S., Hein, E., Holt, J. D., Hoppe, E. W., Karelin, A., Keblbeck, D., Kotov, I., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Kwiatkowski, A. A., Larson, A., Latif, M. B., Leach, K. G., Lennarz, A., Leonard, D. S., Lewis, H., Li, G., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Majidi, S., Malbrunot, C., Masbou, J., McMichael, K., Peregrina, M. Medina, Moe, M., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Natzke, C. R., Ngwadla, X. E., Ni, K., Nolan, A., Nowicki, S. C., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Odian, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Pagani, L., Smalley, H. Peltz, Perna, A., Pocar, A., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rasiwala, H., Ray, D., Rescia, S., Richardson, G., Ross, R., Rowson, P. C., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schwartz, S., Sekula, S., Si, L., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, T., Tyuka, O. A., van Bruggen, E., Vidal, M., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, H. W., Wang, Q. D., Wang, W., Wang, Y. G., Watts, M., Wehrfritz, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Xu, H., Yang, L., Yu, M., and Zeldovich, O.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Neutrinoless double beta decay is one of the most sensitive probes for new physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. One of the isotopes under investigation is $^{136}$Xe, which would double beta decay into $^{136}$Ba. Detecting the single $^{136}$Ba daughter provides a sort of ultimate tool in the discrimination against backgrounds. Previous work demonstrated the ability to perform single atom imaging of Ba atoms in a single-vacancy site of a solid xenon matrix. In this paper, the effort to identify signal from individual barium atoms is extended to Ba atoms in a hexa-vacancy site in the matrix and is achieved despite increased photobleaching in this site. Abrupt fluorescence turn-off of a single Ba atom is also observed. Significant recovery of fluorescence signal lost through photobleaching is demonstrated upon annealing of Ba deposits in the Xe ice. Following annealing, it is observed that Ba atoms in the hexa-vacancy site exhibit antibleaching while Ba atoms in the tetra-vacancy site exhibit bleaching. This may be evidence for a matrix site transfer upon laser excitation. Our findings offer a path of continued research toward tagging of Ba daughters in all significant sites in solid xenon., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures

Published
2024

3. Supernova electron-neutrino interactions with xenon in the nEXO detector

Author

nEXO Collaboration, Hedges, S., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Brodsky, J. P., Richardson, G., Wilde, S., Amy, A., Anker, A., Arnquist, I. J., Arsenault, P., Atencio, A., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breslin, J., Breur, P. A., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L. Q., Cesmecioglu, D., Chambers, E., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Collister, R., Cvitan, M., Dalmasson, J., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., DeVoe, R., di Vacri, M. L., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Eckert, B., Elbeltagi, M., Elmansali, R., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Fatemighomi, N., Foust, B., Fu, Y. S., Gallacher, D., Gallice, N., Gillis, W., Goeldi, D., Gorham, A., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Guan, Y. D., Hardy, C. A., Heffner, M., Hein, E., Holt, J. D., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hunt, W., Iverson, A., Kachru, P., Karelin, A., Keblbeck, D., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Larson, A., Latif, M. B., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Lewis, H., Li, G., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Majidi, S., Malbrunot, C., Martel-Dion, P., Masbou, J., McMichael, K., Medina-Peregrina, M., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Ngwadla, X. E., Ni, K., Nolan, A., Nowicki, S. C., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Pagani, L., Smalley, H. Peltz, Peña-Perez, A., Perna, A., Piepke, A., Franco, T. Pinto, Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Rasiwala, H., Ray, D., Raymond, K., Rescia, S., Riot, V., Ross, R., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schwartz, S., Sekula, S., Soderstrom, J., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Sun, X. L., Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, R. H. M., Tyuka, O. A., van Bruggen, E., Vidal, M., Viel, S., Walent, M., Wang, Q. D., Wang, W., Wang, Y. G., Watts, M., Wehrfritz, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wu, X. M., Xu, H., Yang, H. B., Yang, L., Yu, M., Yvaine, M., Zeldovich, O., and Zhao, J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Electron-neutrino charged-current interactions with xenon nuclei were modeled in the nEXO neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay detector (~5 metric ton, 90% ${}^{136}$Xe, 10% ${}^{134}$Xe) to evaluate its sensitivity to supernova neutrinos. Predictions for event rates and detectable signatures were modeled using the Model of Argon Reaction Low Energy Yields (MARLEY) event generator. We find good agreement between MARLEY's predictions and existing theoretical calculations of the inclusive cross sections at supernova neutrino energies. The interactions modeled by MARLEY were simulated within the nEXO simulation framework and were run through an example reconstruction algorithm to determine the detector's efficiency for reconstructing these events. The simulated data, incorporating the detector response, were used to study the ability of nEXO to reconstruct the incident electron-neutrino spectrum and these results were extended to a larger xenon detector of the same isotope enrichment. We estimate that nEXO will be able to observe electron-neutrino interactions with xenon from supernovae as far as 5-8 kpc from Earth, while the ability to reconstruct incident electron-neutrino spectrum parameters from observed interactions in nEXO is limited to closer supernovae., Comment: 17 pages, 16 figures

Published
2024
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4. An integrated online radioassay data storage and analytics tool for nEXO

Author

Tsang, R. H. M., Piepke, A., Kharusi, S. Al, Angelico, E., Arnquist, I. J., Atencio, A., Badhrees, I., Bane, J., Belov, V., Bernard, E. P., Bhat, A., Bhatta, T., Bolotnikov, A., Breur, P. A., Brodsky, J. P., Brown, E., Brunner, T., Caden, E., Cao, G. F., Cao, L. Q., Cesmecioglu, D., Chambers, C., Chambers, E., Chana, B., Charlebois, S. A., Chernyak, D., Chiu, M., Cleveland, B., Cohen, J. R., Collister, R., Cvitan, M., Dalmasson, J., Darroch, L., Deslandes, K., DeVoe, R., di Vacri, M. L., Ding, Y. Y., Dolinski, M. J., Echevers, J., Eckert, B., Elbeltagi, M., Elmansali, R., Fabris, L., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Fu, Y. S., Gallacher, D., Gallina, G., Gautam, P., Giacomini, G., Gillis, W., Gingras, C., Goeldi, D., Gornea, R., Gratta, G., Guan, Y. D., Hardy, C. A., Hedges, S., Heffner, M., Hein, E., Holt, J., Hoppe, E. W., House, A., Hunt, W., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jiang, X. S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kotov, I., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Larson, A., Leach, K. G., Lenardo, B. G., Leonard, D. S., Li, G., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lindsay, R., MacLellan, R., Mahtab, M., Majidi, S., Malbrunot, C., Martel-Dion, P., Masbou, J., Massacret, N., McMichael, K., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Nattress, J., Natzke, C. R., Ngwadla, X. E., Ni, K., Nolan, A., Nowicki, S. C., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, Orrell, J. L., Ortega, G. S., Overman, C. T., Peltz-Smalley, H., Perna, A., Franco, T. Pinto, Pocar, A., Pratte, J. -F., Radeka, V., Raguzin, E., Rasiwala, H., Ray, D., Rebeiro, B., Rescia, S., Retière, F., Richardson, G., Ringuette, J., Riot, V., Rowson, P. C., Roy, N., Rudolph, L., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Schwartz, S., Soderstrom, J., Soma, A. K., Spadoni, F., Stekhanov, V., Sun, X. L., Barakoohi, E. Teimoori, Thibado, S., Tidball, A., Totev, T., Triambak, S., Tsang, T., Tyuka, O. A., Underwood, R., van Bruggen, E., Veeraraghavan, V., Vidal, M., Viel, S., Walent, M., Wamba, K., Wang, Q. D., Wang, W., Wang, Y. G., Watts, M., Wei, W., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wilde, S., Worcester, M., Wu, S., Wu, X. M., Yang, H., Yang, L., Yvaine, M., Zeldovich, O., Zhao, J., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Large-scale low-background detectors are increasingly used in rare-event searches as experimental collaborations push for enhanced sensitivity. However, building such detectors, in practice, creates an abundance of radioassay data especially during the conceptual phase of an experiment when hundreds of materials are screened for radiopurity. A tool is needed to manage and make use of the radioassay screening data to quantitatively assess detector design options. We have developed a Materials Database Application for the nEXO experiment to serve this purpose. This paper describes this database, explains how it functions, and discusses how it streamlines the design of the experiment.

Published
2023

5. Element resolved evidence of superdiffusive terahertz spin current arising from ultrafast demagnetization process

Author

Gupta, R., Cosco, F., Malik, R. S., Chen, X., Saha, S., Ghosh, A., Pohlmann, T., Mardegan, J. R. L., Francoual, S., Stefanuik, R., Soderstrom, J., Sanyal, B., Karis, O., Svedlindh, P., Oppeneer, P. M., and Knut, R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Using element-specific measurements of the ultrafast demagnetization of Ru/Fe$_{65}$Co$_{35}$ heterostructures, we show that Ru can exhibit a significant magnetic contrast (3% asymmetry) resulting from ultrafast spin currents emanating from the demagnetization process of the FeCo layer. We use this magnetic contrast to investigate how superdiffusive spin currents are affected by the doping of heavy elements in the FeCo layer. We find that the spin currents are strongly suppressed, and that the recovery process in Ru slows down, by Re doping. This is in accordance with a change in interface reflectivity of spin currents as found by the superdiffusive spin transport model., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022
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6. SAFE-OCC: A Novelty Detection Framework for Convolutional Neural Network Sensors and its Application in Process Control

Author

Pulsipher, Joshua L., Coutinho, Luke D. J., Soderstrom, Tyler A., and Zavala, Victor M.

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

We present a novelty detection framework for Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) sensors that we call Sensor-Activated Feature Extraction One-Class Classification (SAFE-OCC). We show that this framework enables the safe use of computer vision sensors in process control architectures. Emergent control applications use CNN models to map visual data to a state signal that can be interpreted by the controller. Incorporating such sensors introduces a significant system operation vulnerability because CNN sensors can exhibit high prediction errors when exposed to novel (abnormal) visual data. Unfortunately, identifying such novelties in real-time is nontrivial. To address this issue, the SAFE-OCC framework leverages the convolutional blocks of the CNN to create an effective feature space to conduct novelty detection using a desired one-class classification technique. This approach engenders a feature space that directly corresponds to that used by the CNN sensor and avoids the need to derive an independent latent space. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SAFE-OCC via simulated control environments.

Published
2022

7. Commissioning of the BRIKEN detector for the measurement of very exotic beta-delayed neutron emitters

Author

Tolosa-Delgado, A., Agramunt, J., Tain, J. L., Algora, A., Domingo-Pardo, C., Morales, A. I., Rubio, B., Tarifeno-Saldivia, A., Calvino, F., Cortes, G., Brewer, N. T., Rasco, B. C., Rykaczewski, K. P., Stracener, D. W., Allmond, J. M., Grzywacz, R., Yokoyama, R., Singh, M., King, T., Madurga, M., Nishimura, S., Phong, V. H., Go, S., Liu, J., Matsui, K., Sakurai, H., Kiss, G. G., Isobe, T., Baba, H., Kubono, S., Fukuda, N., Ahn, D. S., Shimizu, Y., Sumikama, T., Suzuki, H., Takeda, H., Soderstrom, P. A., Takechi, M., Bruno, C. G., Davinson, T., Griffin, C. J., Hall, O., Kahl, D., Woods, P. J., Coleman-Smith, P. J., Labiche, M., Lazarus, I., Morrall, P., Pucknell, V. F. E., Simpson, J., Thomas, S. L., Prydderch, M., Harkness-Brennan, L. J., Page, R. D., Dillmann, I., Caballero-Folch, R., Saito, Y., Estrade, A., Nepal, N., Montes, F., Lorusso, G., Liang, J., Bae, S., Ha, J., Moon, B., and collaboration, the BRIKEN

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A new detection system has been installed at the RIKEN Nishina Center (Japan) to investigate decay properties of very neutron-rich nuclei. The setup consists of three main parts: a moderated neutron counter, a detection system sensitive to the implantation and decay of radioactive ions, and gamma-ray detectors. We describe here the setup, the commissioning experiment and some selected results demonstrating its performance for the measurement of half-lives and beta-delayed neutron emission probabilities. The methodology followed in the analysis of the data is described in detail. Particular emphasis is placed on the correction of the accidental neutron background.

Published
2018
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8. Detecting Spacecraft Anomalies Using LSTMs and Nonparametric Dynamic Thresholding

Author

Hundman, Kyle, Constantinou, Valentino, Laporte, Christopher, Colwell, Ian, and Soderstrom, Tom

Subjects
Computer Science - Learning, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

As spacecraft send back increasing amounts of telemetry data, improved anomaly detection systems are needed to lessen the monitoring burden placed on operations engineers and reduce operational risk. Current spacecraft monitoring systems only target a subset of anomaly types and often require costly expert knowledge to develop and maintain due to challenges involving scale and complexity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTMs) networks, a type of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), in overcoming these issues using expert-labeled telemetry anomaly data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite and the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity. We also propose a complementary unsupervised and nonparametric anomaly thresholding approach developed during a pilot implementation of an anomaly detection system for SMAP, and offer false positive mitigation strategies along with other key improvements and lessons learned during development., Comment: KDD 2018 camera-ready version

Published
2018
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9. Structure of 55Sc and development of the N=34 subshell closure

Author

Steppenbeck, D., Takeuchi, S., Aoi, N., Doornenbal, P., Matsushita, M., Wang, H., Baba, H., Go, S., Holt, J. D., Lee, J., Matsui, K., Michimasa, S., Motobayashi, T., Nishimura, D., Otsuka, T., Sakurai, H., Shiga, Y., Soderstrom, P. -A., Stroberg, S. R., Sumikama, T., Taniuchi, R., Tostevin, J. A., Utsuno, Y., Valiente-Dobon, J. J., and Yoneda, K.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The low-lying structure of $^{55}$Sc has been investigated using in-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy with the $^{9}$Be($^{56}$Ti,$^{55}$Sc+$\gamma$)$X$ one-proton removal and $^{9}$Be($^{55}$Sc,$^{55}$Sc+$\gamma$)$X$ inelastic-scattering reactions at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Transitions with energies of 572(4), 695(5), 1539(10), 1730(20), 1854(27), 2091(19), 2452(26), and 3241(39) keV are reported, and a level scheme has been constructed using $\gamma\gamma$ coincidence relationships and $\gamma$-ray relative intensities. The results are compared to large-scale shell-model calculations in the $sd$-$pf$ model space, which account for positive-parity states from proton-hole cross-shell excitations, and to it ab initio shell-model calculations from the in-medium similarity renormalization group that includes three-nucleon forces explicitly. The results of proton-removal reaction theory with the eikonal model approach were adopted to aid identification of positive-parity states in the level scheme; experimental counterparts of theoretical $1/2^{+}_{1}$ and $3/2^{+}_{1}$ states are suggested from measured decay patterns. The energy of the first $3/2^{-}$ state, which is sensitive to the neutron shell gap at the Fermi surface, was determined. The result indicates a rapid weakening of the $N=34$ subshell closure in $pf$-shell nuclei at $Z>20$, even when only a single proton occupies the $\pi f_{7/2}$ orbital.

Published
2017
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10. New neutron-deficient isotopes from $^{78}$Kr fragmentation

Author

Blank, B., Goigoux, T., Ascher, P., Gerbaux, M., Giovinazzo, J., Grevy, S., Nieto, T. Kurtukian, Magron, C., Agramunt, J., Algora, A., Guadilla, V., Montaner-Piza, A., Morales, A. I., Orrigo, S. E. A., Rubio, B., Ahn, D. S., Doornenbal, P., Fukuda, N., Inabe, N., Kiss, G., Kubo, T., Kubono, S., Nishimura, S., Phong, V. H., Sakurai, H., Shimizu, Y., Soderstrom, P. -A., Sumikama, T., Suzuki, H., Takeda, H., Wu, J., Fujita, Y., Tanaka, M., Gelletly, W., Aguilera, P., Molina, F., Diel, F., Lubos, D., de Angelis, G., Napoli, D., Borcea, C., Boso, A., Cakirli, R. B., Ganioglu, E., Chiba, J., Nishimura, D., Oikawa, H., Takei, Y., Yagi, S., Wimmer, K., de France, G., and Go, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

In an experiment with the BigRIPS separator at the RIKEN Nishina Center, the fragmentation of a $^{78}$Kr beam allowed the observation of new neutron-deficient isotopes at the proton drip-line. Clean identification spectra could be produced and $^{63}$Se, $^{67}$Kr, and $^{68}$Kr were identified for the first time. In addition, $^{59}$Ge was also observed. Three of these isotopes, $^{59}$Ge, $^{63}$Se, and $^{67}$Kr, are potential candidates for ground-state two-proton radioactivity. In addition, the isotopes $^{58}$Ge, $^{62}$Se, and $^{66}$Kr were also sought but without success. The present experiment also allowed the determination of production cross sections for some of the most exotic isotopes. These measurements confirm the trend already observed that the empirical parameterization of fragmentation cross sections, EPAX, significantly overestimates experimental cross sections in this mass region., Comment: accepted as Rapid Communication in PRC

Published
2016
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11. First Online Mass Measurements of Isobar Chains via Multi-Reflection Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrograph Coupled with GARIS-II

Author

Schury, P., Wada, M., Ito, Y., Kaji, D., Soderstrom, P-A, Takamine, A, Arai, F, Haba, H., Jeong, S., Kimura, S., Koura, H., Miyatake, H., Morimoto, K., Morita, K., Ozawa, A., Reponen, M., Sonoda, T., Tanaka, T., and Wollnik, H.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Using a mulit-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph (MRTOF-MS) located after a gas cell coupled with the gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS-II, the masses of several heavy nuclei have been directly and precisely measured. The nuclei were produced via fusion-evaporation reactions and separated from projectile-like and target-like particles using GARIS-II before being stopped in a helium-filled gas cell. Time-of-flight spectra for three isobar chains, 205Fr-205Rn-205At-205Po, 206Fr-206Rn-206At and 201Rn-201At-201Po-201Bi, were observed. Precision atomic mass values were determined for 205,206Fr, 201At, and 201Po., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures

Published
2015
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12. The Physics of the B Factories

Author

Bevan, A. J., Golob, B., Mannel, Th., Prell, S., Yabsley, B. D., Abe, K., Aihara, H., Anulli, F., Arnaud, N., Aushev, T., Beneke, M., Beringer, J., Bianchi, F., Bigi, I. I., Bona, M., Brambilla, N., rodzicka, J. B, Chang, P., Charles, M. J., Cheng, C. H., Cheng, H. -Y., Chistov, R., Colangelo, P., Coleman, J. P., Drutskoy, A., Druzhinin, V. P., Eidelman, S., Eigen, G., Eisner, A. M., Faccini, R., Flood, K. T ., Gambino, P., Gaz, A., Gradl, W., Hayashii, H., Higuchi, T., Hulsbergen, W. D., Hurth, T., Iijima, T., Itoh, R., Jackson, P. D., Kass, R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kou, E., Križan, P., Kronfeld, A., Kumano, S., Kwon, Y. J., Latham, T. E., Leith, D. W. G. S., Lüth, V., Martinez-Vidal, F., Meadows, B. T., Mussa, R., Nakao, M., Nishida, S., Ocariz, J., Olsen, S. L., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Palano, A., Pich, A., Playfer, S., Poluektov, A., Porter, F. C., Robertson, S. H., Roney, J. M., Roodman, A., Sakai, Y., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seidl, R., Sekula, S. J., Steinhauser, M., Sumisawa, K., Swanson, E. S., Tackmann, F., Trabelsi, K., Uehara, S., Uno, S., van der Water, R., Vasseur, G., Verkerke, W., Waldi, R., Wang, M. Z., Wilson, F. F., Zupan, J., Zupanc, A., Adachi, I., Albert, J., Banerjee, Sw., Bellis, M., Ben-Haim, E., Biassoni, P., Cahn, R. N., Cartaro, C., Chauveau, J., Chen, C., Chiang, C. C., Cowan, R., Dalseno, J., Davier, M., Davies, C., Dingfelder, J. C., nard, B. Eche, Epifanov, D., Fulsom, B. G., Gabareen, A. M., Gary, J. W., Godang, R., Graham, M. T., Hafner, A., Hamilton, B., Hartmann, T., Hayasaka, K., Hearty, C., Iwasaki, Y., Khodjamirian, A., Kusaka, A., Kuzmin, A., Lafferty, G. D., Lazzaro, A., Li, J., Lindemann, D., Long, O., Lusiani, A., Marchiori, G., Martinelli, M., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Muller, D. R., Nakazawa, H., Ongmongkolkul, P., Pacetti, S., Palombo, F., Pedlar, T. K., Piilonen, L. E., Pilloni, A., Poireau, V., Prothmann, K., Pulliam, T., Rama, M., Ratcliff, B. 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G., Piatenko, T., Piccolo, D., Piccolo, M., Piemontese, L., Piemontese, M., Pierini, M., Pierson, S., Pioppi, M., Piredda, G., Pivk, M., Plaszczynski, S., Polci, F., Pompili, A., Poropat, P., Posocco, M., Potter, C. T., Potter, R. J. L., Prasad, V., Prebys, E., Prencipe, E., Prendki, J., Prepost, R., Prest, M., Prim, M., Pripstein, M., Prudent, X., Pruvot, S., Puccio, E. M. T., Purohit, M. V., Qi, N. D., Quinn, H., Raaf, J., Rabberman, R., Raffaelli, F., Ragghianti, G., Rahatlou, S., Rahimi, A. M., Rahmat, R., Rakitin, A. Y., Randle-Conde, A., Rankin, P., Rashevskaya, I., Ratkovsky, S., Raven, G., Re, V., Reep, M., Regensburger, J. J., Reidy, J., Reif, R., Reisert, B., Renard, C., Renga, F., Ricciardi, S., Richman, J. D., Ritchie, J. L., Ritter, M., Rivetta, C., Rizzo, G., Roat, C., Robbe, P., Roberts, D. A., Robertson, A. I., Robutti, E., Rodier, S., Rodriguez, D. M., Rodriguez, J. L., Rodriguez, R., Roe, N. 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R., Schietinger, T., Schilling, C. J., Schindler, R. H., Schmid, S., Schmitz, R. E., Schmuecker, H., Schneider, O., Schnell, G., Schönmeier, P., Schofield, K. C., Schott, G., Schröder, H., Schram, M., Schubert, J., Schümann, J., Schultz, J., Schumm, B. A., Schune, M. H., Schwanke, U., Schwarz, H., Schwiening, J., Schwierz, R., Schwitters, R. F., Sciacca, C., Sciolla, G., Scott, I. J., Seeman, J., Seiden, A., Seitz, R., Seki, T., Sekiya, A. I., Semenov, S., Semmler, D., Sen, S., Senyo, K., Seon, O., Serbo, V. V., Serednyakov, S. I., Serfass, B., Serra, M., Serrano, J., Settai, Y., Seuster, R., Sevior, M. E., Shakhova, K. V., Shang, L., Shapkin, M., Sharma, V., Shebalin, V., Shelkov, V. G., Shen, B. C., Shen, D. Z., Shen, Y. T., Sherwood, D. J., Shibata, T., Shibata, T. A., Shibuya, H., Shidara, T., Shimada, K., Shimoyama, M., Shinomiya, S., Shiu, J. G., Shorthouse, H. W., Shpilinskaya, L. I., Sibidanov, A., Sicard, E., Sidorov, A., Sidorov, V., Siegle, V., Sigamani, M., Simani, M. 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F., Susaki, Y., Sutcliffe, P., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, J., Suzuki, J. I., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, S. Y., Swain, J. E., Swain, S. K., T'Jampens, S., Tabata, M., Tackmann, K., Tajima, H., Tajima, O., Takahashi, K., Takahashi, S., Takahashi, T., Takasaki, F., Takayama, T., Takita, M., Tamai, K., Tamponi, U., Tamura, N., Tan, N., Tan, P., Tanabe, K., Tanabe, T., Tanaka, H. A., Tanaka, J., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, S., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Taniguchi, N., Taras, P., Tasneem, N., Tatishvili, G., Tatomi, T., Tawada, M., Taylor, F., Taylor, G. N., Taylor, G. P., Telnov, V. I., Teodorescu, L., Ter-Antonyan, R., Teramoto, Y., Teytelman, D., Thérin, G., Thiebaux, Ch., Thiessen, D., Thomas, E. W., Thompson, J. M., Thorne, F., Tian, X. C., Tibbetts, M., Tikhomirov, I., Tinslay, J. S., Tiozzo, G., Tisserand, V., Tocut, V., Toki, W. H., Tomassini, E. W., Tomoto, M., Tomura, T., Torassa, E., Torrence, E., Tosi, S., Touramanis, C., Toussaint, J. C., Tovey, S. N., Trapani, P. P., Treadwell, E., Triggiani, G., Trincaz-Duvoid, S., Trischuk, W., Troost, D., Trunov, A., Tsai, K. L., Tsai, Y. T., Tsujita, Y., Tsukada, K., Tsukamoto, T., Tuggle, J. M., Tumanov, A., Tung, Y. W., Turnbull, L., Turner, J., Turri, M., Uchida, K., Uchida, M., Uchida, Y., Ueki, M., Ueno, K., Ujiie, N., Ulmer, K. A., Unno, Y., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Usov, Y., Usseglio, M., Usuki, Y., Uwer, U., Va'vra, J., Vahsen, S. E., Vaitsas, G., Valassi, A., Vallazza, E., Vallereau, A., Vanhoefer, P., van Hoek, W. C., Van Hulse, C., van Winkle, D., Varner, G., Varnes, E. W., Varvell, K. E., Vasileiadis, G., Velikzhanin, Y. S., Verderi, M., Versillé, S., Vervink, K., Viaud, B., Vidal, P. B., Villa, S., Villanueva-Perez, P., Vinograd, E. L., Vitale, L., Vitug, G. M., Voß, C., Voci, C., Voena, C., Volk, A., von Wimmersperg-Toeller, J. H., Vorobyev, V., Vossen, A., Vuagnin, G., Vuosalo, C. O., Wacker, K., Wagner, A. P., Wagner, D. L., Wagner, G., Wagner, M. N., Wagner, S. R., Wagoner, D. E., Walker, D., Walkowiak, W., Wallom, D., Wang, C. C., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, J. G., Wang, K., Wang, L., Wang, L. L., Wang, P., Wang, T. J., Wang, W. F., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wappler, F. R., Watanabe, M., Watson, A. T., Watson, J. E., Watson, N. K., Watt, M., Weatherall, J. H., Weaver, M., Weber, T., Wedd, R., Wei, J. T., Weidemann, A. W., Weinstein, A. J. R., Wenzel, W. A., West, C. A., West, C. G., West, T. J., White, E., White, R. M., Wicht, J., Widhalm, L., Wiechczynski, J., Wienands, U., Wilden, L., Wilder, M., Williams, D. C., Williams, G., Williams, J. C., Williams, K. M., Williams, M. I., Willocq, S. Y., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, M. G., Wilson, R. J., Winklmeier, F., Winstrom, L. O., Winter, M. A., Wisniewski, W. J., Wittgen, M., Wittlin, J., Wittmer, W., Wixted, R., Woch, A., Wogsland, B. J., Wong, Q. K., Wray, B. C., Wren, A. C., Wright, D. M., Wu, C. H., Wu, J., Wu, S. L., Wulsin, H. W., Xella, S. M., Xie, Q. L., Xie, Y., Xu, Z. Z., Yèche, Ch., Yamada, Y., Yamaga, M., Yamaguchi, A., Yamaguchi, H., Yamaki, T., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, N., Yamamoto, R. K., Yamamoto, S., Yamanaka, T., Yamaoka, H., Yamaoka, J., Yamaoka, Y., Yamashita, Y., Yamauchi, M., Yan, D. S., Yan, Y., Yanai, H., Yanaka, S., Yang, H., Yang, R., Yang, S., Yarritu, A. K., Yashchenko, S., Yashima, J., Yasin, Z., Yasu, Y., Ye, S. W., Yeh, P., Yi, J. I., Yi, K., Yi, M., Yin, Z. W., Ying, J., Yocky, G., Yokoyama, K., Yokoyama, M., Yokoyama, T., Yoshida, K., Yoshida, M., Yoshimura, Y., Young, C. C., Yu, C. X., Yu, Z., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, Y., Yumiceva, F. X., Yusa, Y., Yushkov, A. N., Yuta, H., Zacek, V., Zain, S. B., Zallo, A., Zambito, S., Zander, D., Zang, S. L., Zanin, D., Zaslavsky, B. G., Zeng, Q. L., Zghiche, A., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, Z. P., Zhao, H. W., Zhao, M., Zhao, Z. G., Zheng, Y., Zheng, Y. H., Zheng, Z. P., Zhilich, V., Zhou, P., Zhu, R. Y., Zhu, Y. S., Zhu, Z. M., Zhulanov, V., Ziegler, T., Ziegler, V., Zioulas, G., Zisman, M., Zito, M., Zürcher, D., Zwahlen, N., Zyukova, O., Živko, T., and Žontar, D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C. Please note that version 3 on the archive is the auxiliary version of the Physics of the B Factories book. This uses the notation alpha, beta, gamma for the angles of the Unitarity Triangle. The nominal version uses the notation phi_1, phi_2 and phi_3. Please cite this work as Eur. Phys. J. C74 (2014) 3026., Comment: 928 pages, version 3 (arXiv:1406.6311v3) corresponds to the alpha, beta, gamma version of the book, the other versions use the phi1, phi2, phi3 notation

Published
2014
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15. Light and heavy transfer products in Xe-136+U-238 multinucleon transfer reactions

Author

Vogt, A., Birkenbach, B., Reiter, P., Corradi, L., Mijatovic, T., Montanari, D., Szilner, S., Bazzacco, D., Bowry, M., Bracco, A., Bruyneel, B., Crespi, F. C. L., de Angelis, G., Desesquelles, P., Eberth, J., Farnea, E., Fioretto, E., Gadea, A., Geibel, K., Gengelbach, Aila, Giaz, A., Gorgen, A., Gottardo, A., Grebosz, J., Hess, H., John, P. R., Jolie, J., Judson, D. S., Jungclaus, A., Korten, W., Leoni, S., Lunardi, S., Menegazzo, R., Mengoni, D., Michelagnoli, C., Montagnoli, G., Napoli, D., Pellegri, L., Pollarolo, G., Pullia, A., Quintana, B., Radeck, F., Recchia, F., Rosso, D., Sahin, E., Salsac, M. D., Scarlassara, F., Söderstrom, P-A, Stefanini, A. M., Steinbach, T., Stezowski, O., Szpak, B., Theisen, Ch., Ur, C., Valiente-Dobon, J. J., Vandone, V., Wiens, A., Vogt, A., Birkenbach, B., Reiter, P., Corradi, L., Mijatovic, T., Montanari, D., Szilner, S., Bazzacco, D., Bowry, M., Bracco, A., Bruyneel, B., Crespi, F. C. L., de Angelis, G., Desesquelles, P., Eberth, J., Farnea, E., Fioretto, E., Gadea, A., Geibel, K., Gengelbach, Aila, Giaz, A., Gorgen, A., Gottardo, A., Grebosz, J., Hess, H., John, P. R., Jolie, J., Judson, D. S., Jungclaus, A., Korten, W., Leoni, S., Lunardi, S., Menegazzo, R., Mengoni, D., Michelagnoli, C., Montagnoli, G., Napoli, D., Pellegri, L., Pollarolo, G., Pullia, A., Quintana, B., Radeck, F., Recchia, F., Rosso, D., Sahin, E., Salsac, M. D., Scarlassara, F., Söderstrom, P-A, Stefanini, A. M., Steinbach, T., Stezowski, O., Szpak, B., Theisen, Ch., Ur, C., Valiente-Dobon, J. J., Vandone, V., and Wiens, A.

Abstract

Background: Multinucleon transfer reactions (MNT) are a competitive tool to populate exotic neutron-rich nuclei in a wide region of nuclei, where other production methods have severe limitations or cannot be used at all. Purpose: Experimental information on the yields of MNT reactions in comparison with theoretical calculations are necessary to make predictions for the production of neutron-rich heavy nuclei. It is crucial to determine the fraction of MNT reaction products which are surviving neutron emission or fission at the high excitation energy after the nucleon exchange. Method: Multinucleon transfer reactions in Xe-136 + U-238 have been measured in a high-resolution gamma-ray/particle coincidence experiment. The large solid-angle magnetic spectrometer PRISMA coupled to the high-resolution Advanced Gamma Tracking Array (AGATA) has been employed. Beamlike reaction products after multinucleon transfer in the Xe region were identified and selected with the PRISMA spectrometer. Coincident particles were tagged by multichannel plate detectors placed at the grazing angle of the targetlike recoils inside the scattering chamber. Results: Mass yields have been extracted and compared with calculations based on the GRAZING model for MNT reactions. Kinematic coincidences between the binary reaction products, i.e., beamlike and targetlike nuclei, were exploited to obtain population yields for nuclei in the actinide region and compared to x-ray yields measured by AGATA. Conclusions: No sizable yield of actinide nuclei beyond Z = 93 is found to perform nuclear structure investigations. In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy is feasible for few-neutron transfer channels in U and the -2p channel populating Th isotopes.

Published
2015
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16. gamma-ray linear polarization measurements and (g(9/2))(-3) neutron alignment in Ru-91

Author

Zheng, Y., de France, G., Clement, E., Dijon, A., Cederwall, Bo, Wadsworth, R., Bäck, Torbjörn, Ghazi Moradi, Farnaz, Jaworski, G., Nyako, B. M., Nyberg, J., Palacz, M., Al-Azri, H., de Angelis, G., Atac, Ayse, Aktas, Özge, Bhattacharyya, S., Brock, T., Davies, P. J., Di Nitto, A., Dombradi, Zs., Gadea, A., Gal, J., Joshi, P., Juhasz, K., Julin, R., Jungclaus, A., Kalinka, G., Kownacki, J., La Rana, G., Lenzi, S. M., Molnar, J., Moro, R., Napoli, D. R., Singh, B. S. Nara, Persson, Andreas, Recchia, F., Sandzelius, Mikael, Scheurer, J. -N, Sletten, G., Sohler, D., Söderstrom, P. -A, Taylor, M. J., Timar, J., Valiente-Dobon, J. J., Vardaci, E., Zheng, Y., de France, G., Clement, E., Dijon, A., Cederwall, Bo, Wadsworth, R., Bäck, Torbjörn, Ghazi Moradi, Farnaz, Jaworski, G., Nyako, B. M., Nyberg, J., Palacz, M., Al-Azri, H., de Angelis, G., Atac, Ayse, Aktas, Özge, Bhattacharyya, S., Brock, T., Davies, P. J., Di Nitto, A., Dombradi, Zs., Gadea, A., Gal, J., Joshi, P., Juhasz, K., Julin, R., Jungclaus, A., Kalinka, G., Kownacki, J., La Rana, G., Lenzi, S. M., Molnar, J., Moro, R., Napoli, D. R., Singh, B. S. Nara, Persson, Andreas, Recchia, F., Sandzelius, Mikael, Scheurer, J. -N, Sletten, G., Sohler, D., Söderstrom, P. -A, Taylor, M. J., Timar, J., Valiente-Dobon, J. J., and Vardaci, E.

Abstract

Linear polarization measurements have been performed for gamma rays in Ru-91 produced with the Ni-58(Ar-36,2p1n gamma)Ru-91 reaction at a beam energy of 111 MeV. The EXOGAM Ge clover array has been used to measure the gamma-gamma coincidences, gamma-ray linear polarization, and gamma-ray angular distributions. The polarization sensitivity of the EXOGAM clover detectors acting as Compton polarimeters has been determined in the energy range 0.3-1.3 MeV. Several transitions have been observed for the first time. Measurements of linear polarization and angular distribution have led to the firm assignments of spin differences and parity of high-spin states in Ru-91. More specifically, calculations using a semiempirical shell model were performed to understand the structures of the first and second (21/2(+)) and (17/2(+)) levels. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data, supporting the interpretation of the nonyrast (21/2(+)) and (17/2(+)) states in terms of the J(max) and J(max) - 2 members of the seniority-three nu(g(9/2))(-3) multiplet., QC 20130523

Published
2013
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17. Interaction position resolution simulations and in-beam measurements of the AGATA HPGe detectors

Author

Söderstrom, P. -A, Khaplanov, Anton, et al, Söderstrom, P. -A, Khaplanov, Anton, and et al

Abstract

The interaction position resolution of the segmented HPGe detectors of an AGATA triple cluster detector has been studied through Monte Carlo simulations and in an in-beam experiment. A new method based on measuring the energy resolution of Doppler-corrected gamma-ray spectra at two different target to detector distances is described. This gives the two-dimensional position resolution in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the emitted gamma-ray. The gamma-ray tracking was used to determine the full energy of the gamma-rays and the first interaction point, which is needed for the Doppler correction. Five different heavy-ion induced fusion-evaporation reactions and a reference reaction were selected for the simulations. The results of the simulations show that the method works very well and gives a systematic deviation of <1 mm in the FVVHM of the interaction position resolution for the gamma-ray energy range from 60 keV to 5 MeV. The method was tested with real data from an in-beam measurement using a (30)5i beam at 64 MeV on a thin C-12 target. Pulse-shape analysis of the digitized detector waveforms and gamma-ray tracking was performed to determine the position of the first interaction point, which was used for the Doppler corrections. Results of the dependency of the interaction position resolution on the gamma-ray energy and on the energy, axial location and type of the first interaction point, are presented. The FVVHM of the interaction position resolution varies roughly linearly as a function of gamma-ray energy from 8.5 mm at 250 key to 4 mm at 1.5 MeV, and has an approximately constant value of about 4 mm in the gamma-ray energy range from 1.5 to 4 MeV., QC 20110610

Published
2011
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18. Report of the Special Committee on Publications Using a Largely Mechanical Method of Selection of Types (Art. 10.5(b)) (especially under the American Code).

Author

McNeill, John, Barrie, Fred R., Gandhi, Kanchi N., Hollowell, Victoria C., Redhead, Scott A., Söderstrom, Lars, and Zarucchi, James L.

Subjects
BOTANICAL nomenclature, BOTANY terminology
Abstract

The Special Committee on Publications Using a Largely Mechanical Method of Selection of Types (Art. 10.5(b)) (especially under the American Code) was established at the XVI11 International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Melbourne in 2011, with the mandate to develop a list of works that are deemed to have followed the American Code and any similar cases in which the method of type selection is "considered to be largely mechanical". This Report reviews the origins of, and problems associated with, the provision that permits a designation of type using a largely mechanical method to be superseded. The Committee concluded that use of the American Code and its predecessors was so widespread in the first two decades of the 20th century that no comprehensive list of works following these Codes could be generated. Instead it proposed that six criteria be adopted that will permit determination of works that can be taken to have used a largely mechanical method of type selection. Two of these are general and should apply until the American Code was completely abandoned around 1935: (1) inclusion of any statement to that effect; (2) adoption of a provision of the American Code contrary to the provisions of the International Rules. The other four seek to identify those persons who can be considered to have followed a largely mechanical method; although many followers of the American Code persisted in its use throughout the 1920s, not all did, and these criteria are limited to publications prior to 1921, when the Type-basis Code was published; hence all publications by the following categories of person: (3) signatories of the 1904 "Philadelphia Code" (all also signatories of the American Code): (4) persons who had publicly declared that they followed the American Code; (5) employees and associates of the New York Botanical Garden; and (6) employees of the U.S. federal government. This Report provides the supporting documentation for the proposals that are also published in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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20. Instrumental-variable methods for identification of Hammerstein systems

Author

Stoica, Petre and Söderstrom, Torsten

Abstract

Consistency conditions for instrumental-variable methods applied to Hammerstein models are derived and analysed. It is necessary to have a model that is not over-parametrized and an input that is ' strongly persistently exciting ', i.e. the inputs and their powers are jointly persistently exciting. Some specific choices of the instruments are proved to give consistency. Those instruments are formed as filtered inputs and powers of the input. Consistency can be guaranteed if either the input is white noise or if a certain transfer function is positive-real. The vector of instruments is, in general, of larger dimension than the parameter vector. It is shown then that a non-singular linear transformation of the instruments gives a new and still consistent estimate. Some simulations using the IV variants proposed in this paper are also included.

Published
1982
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21. Least-squares, Yule-Walker, and overdetermined Yule - Walker estimation of AR parameters: a Monte Carlo analysis of finite-sample properties

Author

Stoica, Petre, Friedlander, Benjamin, and Söderstrom, Torsten

Abstract

A Monte Carlo analysis of the accuracy properties of least-squares (LS), Yule-Walker (YW), and overdetermined Yule-Walker (OYW) methods for estimating the parameters of autoregressive (AR) processes is presented. Comparisons of the estimated finite-sample accuracy to the theoretical asymptotic accuracy are included. It is shown that considerable differences may occur in some cases. Choice of the number of equations in the YW system of equations is discussed. Some remarks concerning the feasiblity and usefulness of an analytical study of the finite-sample accuracy properties are also included.

Published
1986
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22. Computing stochastic continuous-time models from ARMA models

Author

Söderstrom, Torsten

Abstract

Some algorithms for computing the underlying continuous-time stochastic model from a sampled ARMA model are presented. Three algorithms are given, all having a modest computational complexity. The properties of the algorithms are analysed and also illustrated by means of numerical examples.

Published
1991
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23. An oocyte donation program with goserelin down-regulation of voluntary donors

Author

Söderstrom-Anttila, Viveca and Hovatta, Outi

Abstract

Background. In ovum donation programs oocytes can be requested from infertile women going through an in vitro fertilization cycle. Currently, when embryos can be cryopreserved, these donors have virtually disappeared. Instead, most donors have been healthy fertile volunteers willing to go through an IVF attempt solely for the purpose of donating all oocytes.Methods. Sixty-four patients had 93 started cycles of oocyte donation from 59 donors. Twenty recipients had primary ovarian failure, 24 had secondary ovarian failure, 15 had had repeated failures in earlier IVF attempts and five were carriers of genetic diseases. The donors were 51 healthy volunteers recruited through the press. Eight patients from an IVF program donated excess oocytes. Donors were not paid and their mean age was 30 years. To minimize discomfort of the treatment, a long-acting GnRH-agonist, goserelin, was used for down-regulation.Results. The pregnancy rate per transfer with fresh embryos was 28.4% (23/81) and with frozen-thawed embryos, 17% (3/18). Twenty-one healthy infants have been born including one set of triplets and three sets of twins. Nine pregnancies ended in abortion and one in intrauterine fetal death. The most common complications of pregnancy were pre-eclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension (41.2%, 7/17). Ten of 17 patients delivered by cesarean section (58.8%).Conclusion. It was possible, through the press, to obtain highly motivated oocyte donors, who go through IVF treatment solely for altruistic reasons. Oocyte recipients appear to have many complications in their pregnancies. Until more data are available, these patients need a high standard of obstetric care.

Published
1995
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24. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and retinoic acid receptors differentially control the interactions of retinoid X receptor heterodimers with ligands, coactivators, and corepressors

Author

DiRenzo, J, Söderstrom, M, Kurokawa, R, Ogliastro, M H, Ricote, M, Ingrey, S, Hörlein, A, Rosenfeld, M G, and Glass, C K

Abstract

As the obligate member of most nuclear receptor heterodimers, retinoid X receptors (RXRs) can potentially perform two functions: cooperative binding to hormone response elements and coordinate regulation of target genes by RXR ligands. In this paper we describe allosteric interactions between RXR and two heterodimeric partners, retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs); RARs and PPARs prevent and permit activation by RXR-specific ligands, respectively. By competing for dimerization with RXR on response elements consisting of direct-repeat half-sites spaced by 1 bp (DR1 elements), the relative abundance of RAR and PPAR determines whether the RXR signaling pathway will be functional. In contrast to RAR, which prevents the binding of RXR ligands and recruits the nuclear receptor corepressor N-CoR, PPAR permits the binding of SRC-1 in response to both RXR and PPAR ligands. Overexpression of SRC-1 markedly potentiates ligand-dependent transcription by PPARgamma, suggesting that SRC-1 serves as a coactivator in vivo. Remarkably, the ability of RAR to both block the binding of ligands to RXR and interact with corepressors requires the CoR box, a structural motif residing in the N-terminal region of the RAR ligand binding domain. Mutations in the CoR box convert RAR from a nonpermissive to a permissive partner of RXR signaling on DR1 elements. We suggest that the differential recruitment of coactivators and corepressors by RAR-RXR and PPAR-RXR heterodimers provides the basis for a transcriptional switch that may be important in controlling complex programs of gene expression, such as adipocyte differentiation.

Published
1997
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25. Low-dose aspirin in prevention of miscarriage in women with unexplained or autoimmune related recurrent miscarriage: effect on prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 production.

Author

Tulppala, M, Marttunen, M, Söderstrom-Anttila, V, Foudila, T, Ailus, K, Palosuo, T, and Ylikorkala, O

Abstract

Early pregnancies in women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) are accompanied by a deficiency in vasodilatory and anti-aggregatory prostacyclin (PGI2) and/or overproduction of its endogenous antagonist thromboxane A2 (TXA2). We evaluated the effect of a low-dose aspirin (LDA) on PGI2 and TXA2 production and on pregnancy outcome in RSA women with and without detectable anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA). Of 82 RSA women studied, 66 became pregnant, and of them, 33 (six with elevated and 27 with normal ACA concentrations) were randomized to receive LDA (50 mg/day) and 33 (six with elevated and 27 with normal ACA concentrations) to receive placebo (PLA) from a mean of 6.6 days after the missed period to delivery. Treatment with LDA inhibited platelet TXA2 production similarly in RSA women with and without detectable ACA and with continuing pregnancies (7.0 +/- 0.7 ng/ml, LDA group versus 254.5 +/- 37.8 ng/ml, PLA group, mean +/- SEM, P < 0.0001) or miscarrying pregnancies (13.8 +/- 3.8 ng/ml compared with 233.6 +/- 59.8 ng/ml, P < 0.0001 respectively). Furthermore, LDA decreased urinary excretion of the TXA2 metabolite (2,3-dinor-TXB2) both in pregnancies which went to term (6.1 +/- 0.6 ng/mmol creatinine, LDA group versus 19.3 +/- 3.0 ng/mmol creatinine, PLA group, P < 0.0001) or again ended in miscarriage (4.7 +/- 0.8 ng/mmol creatinine versus 17.3 +/- 4.4 ng/mmol creatinine, P < 0.0001 respectively), but did not affect the excretion of the prostacyclin metabolite (2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1alpha). Early pregnancy ultrasound examination revealed a living fetus in 58 women. Of these, seven in the LDA group (23.3%, four with elevated and three with normal ACA concentrations) and five in the PLA group (17.9%, two with elevated and three with normal ACA concentrations; not significant) experienced a miscarriage. All infants were healthy, and the frequency of growth retardation was similar in both groups (13.0%). One woman in the LDA group (4.3%) and three women receiving PLA (13.0%) developed pre-eclampsia (not significant). Therefore, although treatment with LDA caused a desirable biochemical effect, it did not improve pregnancy outcome in RSA women with or without detectable ACA.

Published
1997
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26. (391-396) Proposals to amend the provisions of the Code on selection of types of generic names using a largely mechanical method.

Author

McNeill, John, Barrie, Fred R., Gandhi, Kanchi N., Hollowell, Victoria C., Redhead, Scott A., Söderstrom, Lars, and Zarucchi, James L.

Subjects
BOTANICAL nomenclature, PLANTS
Abstract

The article presents proposed amendments to the provisions of the American Code of Botanical Nomenclature on selection of types of generic names using a largely mechanical method.

Published
2016
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