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PK, a 12-year-old female patient, was diagnosed with skeletal Class II due to retrognathic mandible, average growth pattern, Angle’s Class II, Division I malocclusion with Class II canine relation, mild upper anterior spacing, upper anterior proclination, uprighted lower anterior, lingually tipped 35, increased overjet and overbite, scissor bite Irt 24, 25, acute nasolabial angle, tongue thrust habit, incompetent lips, and lower lip trap. The nonextraction approach to orthodontic treatment was involved. The skeletal malocclusion was corrected using the twin-block appliance, followed by upper and lower pre-adjusted edgewise appliances (0.022 × 0.028 slot) with the MBT prescription.

An effective method for controlling vertical dysplasia remains a concern for orthodontists. This study aims to compare the stresses on the maxillary first molars while changing the height of the loop/acrylic pad of the transpalatal arch (TPA) and vertical holding appliance (VHA) during swallowing using finite element analysis.Head and neck computed tomography (CT) of a patient with levelled and aligned maxillary teeth was taken for a three-dimensional reconstruction. Six models comprising the maxilla, molars, and surrounding periodontal ligament (PDL) with different heights of loop/acrylic pads of the appliances were constructed. A force of 112 g/cmThe VHA demonstrated higher values of stresses at all heights from the palatal floor compared to the corresponding heights of the TPA. The 8 mm model of VHA was found to be functionally effective. This height was also perceived to be acceptable for most patients on the VAS.The acrylic pad of VHA when kept at a distance of 8 mm from the palatal floor enhances the functional efficiency of the appliance with an acceptable comfortability for the patient.تظل الطرق الفعالة للسيطرة على خلل التنسج العمودي مصدر قلق لأطباء تقويم الأسنان. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مقارنة الضغط على الأضراس العلوية الأولى مع تغيير ارتفاع وسادة الاكريليك الحلقية لجهاز قوس الحنك وجهاز التثبيت الرأسي اثناء البلع بإستخدام تحليل العناصر المحددة.تم التقاط تصوير مقطعي للرأس والرقبة لمرضى أسنان الفك العلوي المستوية والمحاذية لإعادة البناء ثلاثي الأبعاد. تم بناء ستة نماذج تتكون من الفك العلوي مع الأضراس ورباط دواعم السن المحيطة مع ارتفاعات مختلفة من وسادة الاكريليك الحلقية للأجهزة. تم تطبيق قوة مقدارها 112 جم / سمأظهر جهاز التثبيت الرأسي قيم ضغط أعلى على جميع ارتفاعات أرضية الحنك مقارنة بالارتفاعات المقابلة لجهاز قوس الحنك. وجد أن نموذج 8 مم من جهاز التثبيت الرأسي فعال بشكل خاص وظيفيا. كما كان ينظر إلى هذا الارتفاع على أنه مقبول من قبل معظم المرضى على مقياس النظير البصري.عندما تحفظ وسادة الأكريليك الخاصة بجهاز التثبيت الرأسي على مسافة 8 مم من قاع الحنك، فإنها تعزز الكفاءة الوظيفية للجهاز مع توفير راحة مقبولة للمريض.

Oral biofilm is a major problem in almost all individuals as they cause dysbiosis of the oral cavity and lead to various microbial infections and related ailments. Currently, antibiotics and antifungal drugs are the major way to control oral biofilm, but the rapid increase in antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has limited the treatment options and increased the virulence factors of these bacteria. With the inception of nanotechnology, metals such as gold, silver, copper and titanium can be converted to nanoparticles, which are target-oriented particles with enhanced therapeutic values and antimicrobial efficacy with minimum side effects. The application of nanoparticles in antimicrobial drugs increases in potential, as a function of their biocidal, anti-adhesive, and delivery capabilities, shows much potential.

Author(s): Mohammad, Noorjahan; Pattanaik, Snigdha; Reddy, Thimma Bv; Animireddy, Dwitha; Ankireddy, Swetha | Abstract: Purpose:This study evaluates the fracture strength of pulpotomized primary molars restored with amalgam, miracle mix, cermet, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, and nanocomposites. Materials and methods:Fifty primary first and second molars were collected for this study. All the teeth were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10). Standard pulpotomy cavities were prepared. Teeth were air dried and the canal orifices were capped with a layer of zinc oxide eugenol. A lining of calcium hydroxide was placed over it. Amalgam, miracle mix, cermet, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, and nanocomposite were placed in groups I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. All the samples were then subjected to the fracture strength test using the universal testing machine and the results were statistically analyzed. Results:All the groups were compared by the ANOVA one-way test which indicated that there were statistically significant differences among the five groups. Conclusion:Nanocomposites can be considered to be the best restorative material in terms of fracture strength among amalgam, miracle mix, cermet, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement. How to cite this article:Mohammad N, Pattanaik S, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Fracture Strength of Pulpotomized Primary Molars: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(1):5-9.

Introduction: Bond strength is an important property and determines the amount of force delivered and treatment duration in orthodontics. Many light-cured bonding materials are being used; but it is required to determine the most efficient one withdesired bond strength. Objective: To determine and compare the shear bond strength of three visible light-cured composites (Transbond XT, Heliositand Enlight) and two self-cured composites (Rely-a-bond and Concise). Materials & Method: 100 extracted premolars were collected and randomly divided into 5 test groups of different adhesives. Brackets were bonded to the teeth in each test group with the respective adhesive according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each specimen was debonded using Universal Testing Machine and the shear bond strength for each specimen was calculated. All the groups were compared by ANOVA one-way test. Results: There were statistically significant differences among the five groups (P

Roentgen in 1895 discovered X-rays. Then, Radiographic Cephalometry came into existence which combined principles of both Craniometry and anthropometry. But this did not happen in a day and various other things were tried and tested before all over the world. Thus, the history of radiography is described in this article, periodically. This also includes contributions of many scientists towards the evolution of cephalometric principles, the situations where cephalometrics can be applied and also a hint of change that is yet to be implemented in the practice.

The prevention of the malcoolusion and the control of dental spaces are problem are in the scope of preventive Orthodontics. The supervision of caries control, teeth eruption sequence and the treatment of the local factors which may influence the eruption of the permanent tooth are done during this period. With the recent improvement in diagnostic tools, novel potential therapeutic devices and techniques it is now easier for the orthodontist to adopt several techniques in the clinic to prevent the occurrence of malocclusion. However, the most significant barrier to providing the preventive orthodontic care by the practitioners may be related to the lack of self-confidence relating to the effectiveness of their chosen treatment plan. When preventive dentistry is practiced properly it helps in the proper development of functional occlusion and reduces the chance of the development of malocclusion. This article will focus on various aspects of preventive orthodontics.

Estimation of growth is an important aspect in Orthodontics and Dento-facial Orthopedics. In this article, a short description of long bone is included for understanding. Skeletal maturity indicators help in estimating the growth of the bones. This describes about the importance of hand wrist radiographs as skeletal maturity indicators in orthodontics. Indication and different method of assessment of the same is also described in this article.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition characterized by complete/partial obstruction of the upper airway that disrupts normal sleep pattern. It has become highly prevalent and negatively affects the quality of life. Reports show ≥4% of men and ≥2% of women, and mostly, the obese individuals are affected by OSA. OSA is independently associated with an increased likelihood of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diminished quality of life. Hence, it becomes a prime concern for health-care personnel to diagnose it at earliest. A screening tool is necessary to stratify patients based on their clinical symptoms, their physical examinations, and their risk factors. Thus, this study was taken up to assess the prevalence of OSA using the STOP-Bang questionnaire.Methods: A total number of 1012 participants were selected using random sampling technique from various community health camps for the study. The participants were asked to fill in the STOP-Bang questionnaire. All questionnaire respondents were precisely briefed about this study in a face-to-face interview. Data obtained from the survey were subjected to statistics, and descriptive analysis was done.Results: The prevalence of OSA was found to be 13.7% by using the Stop Bang questionnaire. It was found that the prevalence of OSA was highest in the age group of 50–59 (21.7%) and least in the age group of 18–29 (12.0%). Gender-wise distribution of OSA based on the scoring was seen to be more, among males (14.8%) and females showed a prevalence of 12.9%.Conclusion: This study concludes that the STOP-Bang method of screening showed a prevalence of 13.7%. However, the prevalence of OSA did not show any significant difference in various age groups; it was found that males had a higher prevalence of OSA compared to females.

As the teeth are in an inherently unstable position after the completion of the orthodontic treatment, a little pressure even from the soft tissues may create a relapse tendency. So there is always a need for a retention period until the gingival and periodontal reorganization is completed around the new position of the tooth. Removable appliances can be used effectively for the retention purpose of which Begg's wrap around retainers are most commonly used. This article presents a new modification in the design of the appliance which will help us to use the retainer more efficiently.

Class III malocclusion is one of the most difficult problems to treat in the mixed dentition. It has a multifactorial etiology involving both genetic and environmental causes. The dental and skeletal effects of maxillary protraction with a facemask are well documented in several studies. Although treatment in the late mixed or early permanent dentition can be successful, results are generally better in the deciduous or early mixed dentition. The following case shows early treatment of a young patient with severe sagittal and transverse discrepancy of the maxilla and mandible, using a facemask.

The success of orthodontic treatment depends on the diagnosis of the the correct etiology of the malocclusion. Malocclusions occur due to an adverse interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Growth pattern and dentofacial morphology is genetically determined but it can be influenced to some extent by the environment. Advances in genetic sciences allowed the orthodontists to better understand the effects of genetics on the etiology of dentofacial characteristics and pathologies which in turn supported the effects of the genes in the development of dentofacial complex. Twin study is one of the most effective methods available for investigating genetically determined variables of malocculusion. Genetic influence on malocclusion is probably autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Therefore orthodontists should consider the genetic basis of a skeletal anomaly during the diagnosis and treatment planning. This review article focuses on the basic genetics and the effect of genetic factors on various malocclusions.

The vertical dimension problem is complex and multifactorial, the operator should recognize a vertical discrepancy (also known as Long-Face Syndrome) abnormality, and must be able to recognize its numerous components and understand their interrelationships, Many scientific investigators and orthodontic clinicians have contributed to the body of knowledge to which we have access. This article reviews some of the relevant literature and also some diagnostic and treatment planning suggestions to the clinical specialist who struggles with the vertical dimension enigma depending on various types of malocclusion.

The use of miniscrew and miniplate to obtain absolute anchorage has become very popular in clinical orthodontic approaches. The mode of anchorage provided by the implant systems is unique in that their use is temporary and transient. These characteristics have made them indispensable as a treatment option. The aim of this review is to discuss thedevelopment, classification, properties, clinical applications, site and placement procedures, and removal along with clinical benefits and drawbacks to obtain a temporary and yet absolute skeletal anchorage for Orthodontic applications.

The introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS) has led to an exponential increase of elucidated genetic causes in both extremely rare diseases and common but heterogeneous disorders. It can be applied to the whole or to selected parts of the genome (genome or exome sequencing, gene panels). NGS is applied in both research and clinical settings, and there is a rapid transition of research findings to diagnostic applications. These developments may greatly help to minimize the "diagnostic odyssey" for patients as whole-genome analysis can be performed in a few days at reasonable costs compared with gene-by-gene analysis based on Sanger sequencing following diverse clinical tests. Despite the enthusiasm about NGS, one has to keep in mind its limitations, such as a coverage and accuracy of

Any where hooks are meant for application of force delivery system. Soldered hooks were replaced with crimpable archwire hooks in everyday clinical practice. However, simple and costeffective method should be available with the clinician, alternate to crimpable hooks. This article describes stepwise fabrication and application of simple ligature hooks to the archwire.